10. CSS Grid Layout
10. CSS Grid Layout
Grid Layout
The CSS Grid Layout Module offers a grid-based layout system, with rows and
columns, making it easier to design web pages without having to use floats and
positioning.
Grid Elements
A grid layout consists of a parent element, with one or more child elements.
Example
<div class="grid-container">
<div class="grid-item">1</div>
<div class="grid-item">2</div>
<div class="grid-item">3</div>
<div class="grid-item">4</div>
<div class="grid-item">5</div>
<div class="grid-item">6</div>
<div class="grid-item">7</div>
<div class="grid-item">8</div>
<div class="grid-item">9</div>
</div>
Display Property
An HTML element becomes a grid container when its display property is set
to grid or inline-grid.
Example
.grid-container {
display: grid;
}
Example
.grid-container {
display: inline-grid;
}
All direct children of the grid container automatically become grid items.
Grid Columns
The vertical lines of grid items are called columns.
Grid Rows
The horizontal lines of grid items are called rows.
Grid Gaps
The spaces between each column/row are called gaps.
You can adjust the gap size by using one of the following properties:
column-gap
row-gap
gap
Example
The column-gap property sets the gap between the columns:
.grid-container {
display: grid;
column-gap: 50px;
}
Example
The row-gap property sets the gap between the rows:
.grid-container {
display: grid;
row-gap: 50px;
}
Example
The gap property is a shorthand property for the row-gap and the column-
gap properties:
.grid-container {
display: grid;
gap: 50px 100px;
}
Example
The gap property can also be used to set both the row gap and the column gap
in one value:
.grid-container {
display: grid;
gap: 50px;
}
Grid Lines
The lines between columns are called column lines.
Example
Place a grid item at column line 1, and let it end on column line 3:
.item1 {
grid-column-start: 1;
grid-column-end: 3;
}
Example
Place a grid item at row line 1, and let it end on row line 3:
.item1 {
grid-row-start: 1;
grid-row-end: 3;
}
CSS Grid Container
Grid Container
To make an HTML element behave as a grid container, you have to set
the display property to grid or inline-grid.
Grid containers consist of grid items, placed inside columns and rows.
The value is a space-separated-list, where each value defines the width of the
respective column.
If you want your grid layout to contain 4 columns, specify the width of the 4
columns, or "auto" if all columns should have the same width.
Example
Make a grid with 4 columns:
.grid-container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: auto auto auto auto;
}
Note: If you have more than 4 items in a 4 columns grid, the grid will
automatically add a new row to put the items in.
The grid-template-columns property can also be used to specify the size (width)
of the columns.
Example
Set a size for the 4 columns:
.grid-container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 80px 200px auto 40px;
}
The value is a space-separated-list, where each value defines the height of the
respective row:
Example
.grid-container {
display: grid;
grid-template-rows: 80px 200px;
}
Example
.grid-container {
display: grid;
justify-content: space-evenly;
}
Example
.grid-container {
display: grid;
justify-content: space-around;
}
Example
.grid-container {
display: grid;
justify-content: space-between;
}
Example
.grid-container {
display: grid;
justify-content: center;
}
Example
.grid-container {
display: grid;
justify-content: start;
}
Example
.grid-container {
display: grid;
justify-content: end;
}
Note: The grid's total height has to be less than the container's height for
the align-content property to have any effect.
Example
.grid-container {
display: grid;
height: 400px;
align-content: center;
}
Example
.grid-container {
display: grid;
height: 400px;
align-content: space-evenly;
}
Example
.grid-container {
display: grid;
height: 400px;
align-content: space-around;
}
Example
.grid-container {
display: grid;
height: 400px;
align-content: space-between;
}
Example
.grid-container {
display: grid;
height: 400px;
align-content: start;
}
Example
.grid-container {
display: grid;
height: 400px;
align-content: end;
}
By default, a container has one grid item for each column, in each row, but you
can style the grid items so that they will span multiple columns and/or rows.
You define where the item will start, and where the item will end.
Example
Make "item1" start on column 1 and end before column 5:
.item1 {
grid-column: 1 / 5;
}
Example
Make "item1" start on column 1 and span 3 columns:
.item1 {
grid-column: 1 / span 3;
}
Example
Make "item2" start on column 2 and span 3 columns:
.item2 {
grid-column: 2 / span 3;
}
You define where the item will start, and where the item will end.
Note: The grid-row property is a shorthand property for the grid-row-start and
the grid-row-end properties.
To place an item, you can refer to line numbers, or use the keyword "span" to
define how many rows the item will span:
Example
Make "item1" start on row-line 1 and end on row-line 4:
.item1 {
grid-row: 1 / 4;
}
Example
Make "item1" start on row 1 and span 2 rows:
.item1 {
grid-row: 1 / span 2;
}
.item8 {
grid-area: 1 / 2 / 5 / 6;
}
Example
Make "item8" start on row-line 2 and column-line 1, and span 2 rows and 3
columns:
.item8 {
grid-area: 2 / 1 / span 2 / span 3;
}
Example
Item1 gets the name "myArea" and spans all five columns in a five columns grid
layout:
.item1 {
grid-area: myArea;
}
.grid-container {
grid-template-areas: 'myArea myArea myArea myArea myArea';
}
Example
Let "myArea" span two columns in a five columns grid layout (period signs
represent items with no name):
.item1 {
grid-area: myArea;
}
.grid-container {
grid-template-areas: 'myArea myArea . . .';
}
To define two rows, define the column of the second row inside another set of
apostrophes:
Example
Make "item1" span two columns and two rows:
.grid-container {
grid-template-areas: 'myArea myArea . . .' 'myArea myArea . . .';
}
Example
Name all items, and make a ready-to-use webpage template:
.grid-container {
grid-template-areas:
'header header header header header header'
'menu main main main right right'
'menu footer footer footer footer footer';
}
The first item in the HTML code does not have to appear as the first item in the
grid.
Example
.item1 { grid-area: 1 / 3 / 2 / 4; }
.item2 { grid-area: 2 / 3 / 3 / 4; }
.item3 { grid-area: 1 / 1 / 2 / 2; }
.item4 { grid-area: 1 / 2 / 2 / 3; }
.item5 { grid-area: 2 / 1 / 3 / 2; }
.item6 { grid-area: 2 / 2 / 3 / 3; }
You can re-arrange the order for certain screen sizes, by using media queries:
Example
@media only screen and (max-width: 500px) {
.item1 { grid-area: 1 / span 3 / 2 / 4; }
.item2 { grid-area: 3 / 3 / 4 / 4; }
.item3 { grid-area: 2 / 1 / 3 / 2; }
.item4 { grid-area: 2 / 2 / span 2 / 3; }
.item5 { grid-area: 3 / 1 / 4 / 2; }
.item6 { grid-area: 2 / 3 / 3 / 4; }
}