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Tutorial 6: Creating a Web Form

TRUE/FALSE

1. HTML supports tags that allow you to create forms and analyze the information submitted on forms.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML 397

2. The earliest and most common of the languages used for server-based programs are called CGI scripts,
written in a language called Perl.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 398

3. PHP and ASP are popular languages widely used today for writing server-based programs.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 398

4. The get method appends the form data to the end of the URL specified in the action attribute.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 400

5. Typically, forms only contain form elements and no page elements.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML 399

6. Among the attributes included with the <form> tag are attributes that include information on how to
process the form.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 399

7. A single Web page can contain at most one form.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML 399

8. One way of organizing a form is to group similar fields into field sets.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 402

9. A password text box hides text entered by the user.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 405

10. Access keys can be used with hyperlinks and are particularly helpful to users with impaired motor
skills who find it difficult to use a mouse.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 408

11. Field sets are block elements that limit the numbers of characters the text box can hold.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML 404

12. HTML allows you to formally link a label with an associated text box element for scripting purposes.
 ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 408

13. Unlike a default field value, a placeholder is not stored in the data field and is not sent to the server as
a field value.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML416

14. An access key is a single key that you type in conjunction with the Alt key for Macintosh users.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML 408

15. When the <input> tag is used to create radio buttons, the tag also creates labels for radio buttons.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML429

16. Users are limited to a single selection from a selection list.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML 422

17. Check boxes are selected by default.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML 437

18. A command button runs a command that affects the contents of the Web page or the Web browser
itself.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 456

19. Data values do not need to be tested or validated before they are used.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML 461

20. One advantage of the current validation checks is that they occur after a user has completed and
submitted the form.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML 466

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE

1. Input boxes are a form control element used for text and numerical entries. ____________________

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 397

2. Option lists are a form control element for long lists of options. ____________________

ANS: F, Selection

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 397

3. The earliest and most common server-based programs are CGI scripts written in a language called
Perl. ____________________
 ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 398

4. The get method sends form data in a separate data stream. ____________________

ANS: F, post method

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 400

5. The language used to create a server-based program depends on the Web server.
____________________

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 399

6. The <table> tag identifies the beginning of a form. ____________________

ANS: F, form

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 399

7. The <form> tag includes attributes that control how the form is processed. ____________________

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 399

8. To associate text with a control element, you can use the label element.. ____________________

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 408

9. When you link a label with an associated input box element, you use the name attribute of the field.
____________________

ANS: F, id

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 408

10. A placeholder is a numeric string that appears within the control element and provides users with
information about the kind of information accepted by the field. __________________

ANS: F, text

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 416

11. An access key is a single key that you type in conjunction with the Command key for Macintosh users,
to jump to one of the control elements in the form. ____________________

ANS: F, Control

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 408

12. A selection list is a list box that presents users with a group of possible field values for the data field.
____________________

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 422

13. Like selection list items, only one radio button can be selected at a time. ____________________
 ANS: F, Unlike

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 429

14. A control element that allows extended text entries is the textarea element. ____________________

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 366

15. Input boxes with the number data type are displayed using a spinner control in which users click an up
or down arrow to increase or decrease the field value, respectively.____________________

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: HTML 447

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Information entered into a field is called the field ____.

a. index c. attribute
b. rating d. value
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 397

2. Each control element in which the user can enter information is called a(n) ____.
a. field c. value
b. index d. area
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 397

3. Text ____ are used for extended entries that can include several lines of text.
a. areas c. rosters
b. buttons d. matrices
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 434

4. Selection lists usually appear in a ____ box.

a. value list c. form
b. radio d. drop-down list
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 426
5. As shown in the accompanying figure, the form contains ____ elements, which are commonly used in
Web page forms.
a. control c. access
b. formula d. box
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 459

6. The item marked ____ in the accompanying figure is an input box.

a. 1 c. 4
b. 2 d. 6
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 407

7. The item marked ____ in the accompanying figure is a selection list.

a. 1 c. 3
b. 2 d. 6
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 425
 8. The items marked 3 in the accompanying figure are ____ buttons.
a. check c. option
b. group d. cluster
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 431

9. The item marked 4 in the accompanying figure is a(n) ____ button.

a. report c. option
b. reset d. spinner control
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 447

10. The item marked 6 in the accompanying figure is a ____ area.

a. registration c. text
b. form d. list
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 436

11. The item marked 5 in the accompanying figure is a ____ box.

a. text c. check
b. field d. form
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 438

12. Option buttons are sometimes called ____ buttons.

a. group c. radio
b. cluster d. aggregate
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 429

13. You should check with your ISP or system administrator to find out what ____ are available and what
rights and privileges you have in working with them.
a. scripts c. passwords
b. access keys d. XMLs
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 399

14. CGI scripts can be written in which of the following languages?

a. TCP c. Perl
b. JavaScript d. Any of the above
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 398

15. Forms are created using the ____ element.

a. <field> c. <html>
b. <form> d. <input>
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 399

16. The ____ attribute of the <form> tag represents the older standard for identifying each form on the
page.
a. id c. name
b. identification d. what
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 399

17. The ____ attribute has two possible values: get and post.
 a. value c. method
b. id d. name
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 400

18. ____ sets are used to organize form elements.

a. Option c. Text
b. Radio d. Field
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 402

19. HTML 4 supports ____ different input types.

a. 10 c. 16
b. 15 d. 17
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 404

20. If you do not include the type attribute in an <input> tag, the Web browser assumes that you want to
create a(n) ____.
a. check box c. option button
b. input box d. submit button
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 404

21. Which input type displays a browse button to locate and select a file?
a. type= “attach” c. type= “file”
b. type= “find” d. type= “browse”
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 405

22. Which input type creates a field that is not viewable on the form?
a. type= “conceal” c. type= “view”
b. type= “off” d. type= “hidden”
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 405

23. Which input type displays an inline image that can be clicked to perform an action from a script?
a. type= “image” c. type= “picture”
b. type= “inline” d. type= “action”
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 405

24. Which input type displays an input box that hides text entered by the user?
a. type= “hidden” c. type= “user”
b. type= “password” d. type= “hide”
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 405

25. When a form is submitted, the server receives the data in ____ pairs.
a. name/value c. id/value
b. label/name d. value/label
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 404

26. To create an input box for ____ entry, add the element <input type=”type” name=”name” id=”id” /> to
the web form, where type specifies the type of input control, rhe name attribute provides the name of
the field associated with the control element, and the id attribute identifies the control element itself.
 a. numeric c. text
b. label d. character
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 405

27. When you link a label with an associated text element for scripting purposes, you must bind the label
to the ____ attribute of the field.
a. id c. label
b. name d. what
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 408

28. To associate a label with the control element with the id of "city", you would enter ____.
a. <label id="city"> c. <label element="city">
b. <label for="city"> d. <label associate="city">
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 408

29. Label elements are normally ____ elements.

a. inside c. inline
b. outline d. outside
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 412

30. The ____ style can be used to change label elements into block elements.
a. type:block c. display: block
b. format: block d. block: block
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 413 | HTML414

31. The placeholder automatically disappears as soon as a user selects the ____ box.
a. label c. text
b. input d. textarea
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 416

32. To set the number of options displayed at one time in the selection list, add the attribute_______,
a. selected = “selected” c. multiple=”multiple”
b. size=”value” d. select = “select”
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 423

33. To define a default field value, add the attribute ____.

a. size =”value” c. input =”value”
b. value=”value” d. value = “chars”
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 415

34. Another way you can specify the width is to use the ____ attribute.
a. size c. length
b. maximum d. characters
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 415

35. To avoid confusion, set the width either with _____ width style or the HTML size attribute, but not
both.
a. CIS c. CGI
 b. CSS d. PHP
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 415

36. Many browsers include a(n) ________ feature that automatically fills in input form values if they are
based on previously filled out forms.
a. autocorrect c. grammar check
b. autocomplete d. spelling
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 411

37. To define a default value for a field, use the following syntax: ____.
a. <input field= “value” /> c. <input default= “value” />
b. <input main= “value” /> d. <input value= “value” />
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 415

38. Press the ____ key to move between input boxes.

a. Shift c. Ctrl
b. Tab d. Alt
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 408

39. You can specify an access key for an input element by using the ____ attribute.
a. shortcut c. accesskey
b. key d. keypress
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 408

40. The ________ automatically disappears as soon as a user selects the input box.
a. input box c. textarea
b. text box d. placeholder
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 416

41. ____ buttons can be placed into a group so that selecting one deselects all of the others.
a. Checkbox c. Command
b. Image d. Radio
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 429

42. To group option buttons so that selecting one deselects all of the others, you must make the ____
attribute the same.
a. name c. id
b. type d. value
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 430

43. To identify the specific options for option buttons, you use the ____ attribute.
a. name c. id
b. type d. value
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 433

44. To specify that an option button be already selected, you type ____.
a. checked="yes" c. checked="checked"
b. value="checked" d. value="yes"
 ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 434

45. A ____ should be used to provide visual indication that option buttons belong in the same group.
a. fieldset c. table
b. label d. value
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 430

46. In the general syntax for the <select> and <option> tags, each ____ tag represents an individual item in
the selection list.
a. <option> c. <index>
b. <item> d. <each>
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 425

47. By default, the ____ tag displays one option from the selection list, along with a list arrow to view
additional selection options.
a. <index> c. <option>
b. <select> d. <checked>
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 423

48. HTML allows you to organize selection lists into distinct groups called ____ groups.
a. option c. unique
b. selection d. category
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 428

49. You can change the number of options displayed in a selection list by modifying the ____ attribute.
a. display c. size
b. list d. number
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 426

50. When using the password data type, any information that a user enters will be displayed as a series of
____ or asterisks, protecting the information from prying eyes.
a. dashes
b. dots
c. ampersands
d. plus signs
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 429

51. For noncontiguous selections from a selection list on a PC, press and hold the ____ key while you
make your selections.
a. Ctrl c. Esc
b. Shift d. Alt
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 427

52. For a contiguous selection in a selection list, select the first item, press and hold the ____ key, and then
select the last item in the range.
a. Ctrl c. Esc
b. Shift d. Alt
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 427
53. ____ are used to check for the presence or absence of something.
a. Check boxes c. Group boxes
b. Option boxes d. Text boxes
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 437

54. To make a check box selected by default, you add ____.

a. selected="true" c. checked="checked"
b. selected="selected" d. checked="true"
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 438

55. The ____ attributes define the dimensions of a text area.

a. height and width c. top and bottom
b. rows and cols d. high and wide
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 434

56. In a text area, the default value of the wrap attribute is ____.
a. on c. soft
b. off d. hard
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 435

57. In a ____ wrap, information about where the text begins a new line is included with the data field
value.
a. soft c. off
b. hard d. on
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 435

58. When a user tabs through the form, the tab order will reflect the order of the items in the ____ file.
a. HTML c. CSS
b. CGI d. PHP
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 437

59. Typically, users navigate through a Web form using the _____ key, which moves the cursor
from one field to another in the order that the field tags are entered into the HTML file.
a. ALT c. SHIFT
b. TAB d. CTRL
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 437

60. For most browsers, if no value for the wrap attribute of a text area is specified, a value of ____ is used.
a. hard c. soft
b. off d. on
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 435

61. To create an action for a(n) ____ button, you have to write a script or program that runs automatically
when the button is clicked.
a. option c. group
b. radio d. command
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 456
62. To create a button that will allow a user to send the form data to the server, you use a type of ____.
a. command c. option
b. reset d. submit
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML457

63. To create a button that will clear the form fields, you use a type of ____.
a. command c. option
b. reset d. submit
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 457

64. The ____ control element is used to create a custom button.

a. command c. input
b. file d. button
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 460

65. Validation can occur after the data is sent to the server with _________.
a. client-side validation c. HTML validation
b. server-side validation d. HTML5 validation
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 460

66. A _____ is a concise description of a character pattern.

a. regular expression c. character string
b. regex d. both a and b
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 464

67. The ____ method of the <form> tag packages form data by appending it to the end of the URL
specified in the action attribute.
a. post c. put
b. get d. keep
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 400

68. The technique of immediate data validation and reporting of errors is known as _________.
a. online validation c. inline validation
b. regular expression d. immediate validation
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 466

69. ______ refers to the state in which an element has been clicked by the user, making it the active
control element on the form.
a. Cursor c. Focus
b. Insertion point d. Directive
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 467

70. The pseudo-class _____ matches check boxes or option buttons whose toggle states (checked or
unchecked) cannot be determined.
a. indeterminate c. invalid
b. checked d. required
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 467
 Case-Base Critical Thinking Questions

Case 6-1
Oscar owns Oscar's Skateboard Shop. He wants to create a Web form to allow users to specify the type
of skateboards they would like to buy. This includes the make, model, type and color, and board
options. Oscar's skateboards come in Children, Young Adult, and Adult sizes. Oscar's skateboards
only come in color, pattern, and themes. He has over 25 makes and models of skateboards.

71. Since make and model are normally lists, Oscar should use a ____ tag to specify the lists.
a. <checkbox> c. <select>
b. <file> d. <command>
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 422 TOP: Critical Thinking

72. Oscar should use ____ to allow users to select the skateboard type.
a. radio buttons c. command buttons
b. check boxes d. group boxes
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 437 TOP: Critical Thinking

73. For the color, Oscar should most likely use ___.
a. radio buttons c. command buttons
b. check boxes d. group boxes
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 429 TOP: Critical Thinking

Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions

Case 6-2
Wyona, owner of Wyona’s Hat Designs, desires to have a Web site built for customers to order
custom-made hats. They can pick from straw, leather, and material hat collections. Customers can
specify one of their existing patterns, which include about 50 designs. They can also choose a custom
pattern instead and then provide information about the pattern they want for Wyona to custom create.

74. In order to provide customers plenty of room to enter the information for a custom pattern, which type
of field should Wyona provide for the user?
a. textarea c. text
b. radio d. select
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 434 TOP: Critical Thinking

75. Wyona wants to separate the different options for straw, leather and material. Which element can she
use to create these groups?
a. check box c. radio
b. select d. fieldset
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 430 TOP: Critical Thinking

76. Wyona wants to label each group. Which element would be the best for her to use?
a. label c. legend
b. caption d. text
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 403 TOP: Critical Thinking
 77. For her address she wants to make sure the zipcode is set to 5 characters only. Which attribute of a text
box will allow her to do this?
a. maxlength c. length
b. size d. characters
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 466 TOP: Critical Thinking

Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions

Case 6-3
Larry has just bought an online Web hosting solution from a popular ISP. He knows the ISP provides
some scripts to allow people to create logon pages for their Web site if they want to have a
password-protected blog, for example. Larry wants to create such a page for his blog about video
games.

78. Before Larry builds his form, which of the following should he consult concerning required fields?
a. his ISP c. his desired form design
b. his other Web pages d. none of the above
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 399 TOP: Critical Thinking

79. Which element will Larry most likely use to create the password element?
a. select c. textarea
b. input d. option
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 405 TOP: Critical Thinking

80. What type of method will Larry most likely be using for submitting his form data?
a. get c. post
b. submit d. reset
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 391 TOP: Critical Thinking

COMPLETION

1. Information entered into a field is called the field ____________________.

ANS: value

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 397

2. CGI stands for ____________________.

ANS: Common Gateway Interface

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 398

3. A(n) ____________________ is a box placed around a set of fields that indicates that they belong to a
common group.

ANS:
fieldset
field set
 PTS: 1 REF: HTML 402

4. The input type=“____________________” displays an option button.

ANS: radio

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 405

5. The input type=“____________________” displays a button that submits the form when clicked.

ANS: submit

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 405

6. A(n) ____________________ field is an input box in which the characters typed by the user are
displayed as bullets or asterisks.

ANS: password

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 429

7. If most people enter the same value into a field, it may make sense to define a(n)
____________________ value for a field.

ANS: default

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 415

8. ____________________ buttons are similar to selection lists in that they display a list of choices from
which a user makes a selection.

ANS:
Option
Radio

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 429

9. Selection lists are used for long lists of options, usually appearing in a(n) ____________________ list
box.

ANS:
drop-down
drop down

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 426

10. Adding the ____________________ attribute to the <select> tag allows multiple selections from a list.

ANS: multiple

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 427

11. ____________________ boxes specify an item as either present or absent.

 ANS: Check

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 437

12. Web page designers can use tab ____________________ numbers in their forms without worrying
about older browsers that do not support this new standard.

ANS: index

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 437

13. Form ____________________ are control elements that can be clicked to start processing a form.

ANS: buttons

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 456

14. A(n) ____________________ button is created using the <input> tag as follows: <input type=“button”
value=“text” />.

ANS: command

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 456

15. A(n) ____________________ button is a button that submits the form to the CGI script for processing.

ANS: submit

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 457

16. A(n) ____________________ button resets the form to its original values.

ANS: reset

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 457

17. Whenever possible, you should supplement your server-side validation with ______ validation to
reduce the workload on the server.

ANS: client-side

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 460

18. A(n) ____________________ field is added to the form but not displayed in the Web page.

ANS: hidden

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 405

19. The _________ attribute can be used only with input boxes that store text.

ANS: pattern

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 465

 20. Pseudo-Class ______ controls elements whose values fail validation tests.

ANS: in-range

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 467

MATCHING

Identify the letter of the choice that best matches the phrase or definition.
a. input boxes g. form buttons
b. selection lists h. fields
c. option buttons i. get
d. check boxes j. enctype
e. field sets k. option groups
f. text areas l. hidden
1. Used to specify an item as either present or absent
2. Basic element storing each piece of form information
3. Used to select a single option from a predefined list
4. Can be clicked to start processing the form
5. Used for long lists of options
6. Used for extended entries that can include several lines of text
7. Used to organize form elements
8. Can be used to create an email field that is part of your form but not displayed
9. Can be used to group items on a drop-down list
10. Used to append form data to a URL
11. Used to indicate what type of data a form is submitting
12. Used for text and numerical entries

1. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: HTML 437

2. ANS: H PTS: 1 REF: HTML 397
3. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: HTML 429
4. ANS: G PTS: 1 REF: HTML 456
5. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: HTML 422
6. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: HTML 434
7. ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: HTML 402
8. ANS: L PTS: 1 REF: HTML 405
9. ANS: K PTS: 1 REF: HTML 430
10. ANS: I PTS: 1 REF: HTML 400
11. ANS: J PTS: 1 REF: HTML 400
12. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: HTML 404

ESSAY

1. What is the syntax for creating an option group?

ANS:
<select attributes>
<optgroup label= “label1”>
<option>item1a</option>
 <option>item2a</option>
...
</optgroup>
<optgroup label= “label2”>
<option>item1b</option>
<option>item2b</option>
...
</optgroup>
...
</select>

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 428 TOP: Critical Thinking

2. Explain how each of the three wrap attribute values of text areas work.

ANS:
With the wrap= “off” value, all the text is displayed on a single line, scrolling to the left if the text
extends past the width of the box. Text goes to the next row in the box only if the Enter key is pressed.
The text is sent to the CGI script in a single line. With the wrap= “soft” value, text wraps automatically
to the next row when it extends beyond the width of the text box. The text is still sent to the CGI script
in a single line without any information about how the text was wrapped within the text box. With the
wrap= “hard” value, text wraps automatically to the next row when it extends beyond the width of the
text box. When the text is sent to the CGI script, the line-wrapping information is included, allowing
the CGI script to work with the text exactly as it appears in the text box.

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 435 TOP: Critical Thinking

3. Describe submit and reset buttons and show the syntax for the two buttons.

ANS:
The two other kinds of form buttons are submit and reset buttons. A submit button
submits a form to the server for processing when clicked. Clicking a reset button resets
the form, changing all field values to their original default values and deleting any values
that a user might have entered into the form. The syntax for creating these two buttons is
<input type=? ”submit? ” value=? ”text? ” />
<input type=? ”reset? ” value=? ”text? ” />
where once again the value attribute defines the text that appears on the button.

PTS: 1 REF: HTML 457 TOP: Critical Thinking

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 “Well, I’m glad you’ve got here. We’ve been having a picnic up at
the house. Julie’s been having the hysterics and MacDonald—you
never knew MacDonald, did you?”
Applegate listened politely. He had a curious feeling that Julie and
her hysterics were already very far away and unimportant to him, but
he did not wish to be so brutal as to show this.
“When did MacDonald return and where has he been?” he asked,
gravely.
“He got here yesterday. He says he had a shock or something in
that accident—anyhow, he just couldn’t remember anything, and
when he come to he didn’t know who he was, nor anything about
himself, and all his papers and clothes had been burnt, so there was
nothing to show anybody who he was. He could work, and he was all
right most ways. Says he was that way till about six months ago,
when a Frisco doctor got hold of him and did something to his head
that put him right. He has papers from the doctor to show it’s true.
His case attracted lots of attention out there. Of course he wrote to
Julie when he came to himself, but his letters went to our old
address and she never got them. So then he started East to see
about it. He says he’s got into a good business and is going to do
well.”
There was a long silence. Presently Hopson began again,
awkwardly:
“I don’t know how you feel about it, but I think Julie’d ought to go
back to him.”
Applegate’s heart began to beat in curious, irregular throbs; he
could feel the pulsing of the arteries in his neck and there was a
singing in his ears.
“Of course Julie agrees with you?” he said, thickly.
“Well, no; she don’t. That’s what she wanted me to talk to you
about. She can’t see it but one way. She says he died, or if he didn’t
it was the same thing to her, and she married you. She says nobody
can have two husbands, and it’s you who are hers. I told her the law
didn’t look at it that way, and she says then she must get a divorce
from MacDonald and remarry you. MacDonald says if she brings suit
on the ground of desertion he will fight it. He says he can prove it
ain’t been no wilful desertion. But probably he could be brought
round if he saw she wouldn’t go back to him anyhow. MacDonald
wouldn’t be spiteful. But he was pretty fond of Julie.”
Applegate had stopped suddenly in the middle of Hopson’s
speech. Now he went forward rapidly, but he made no answer.
Hopson scrutinized his face a moment before he continued:
“Julie says you won’t be spiteful either. She says maybe she was a
little hasty in what she said just before she came up here. But you
know Julie’s way.”
“Yes,” said Applegate, “I know Julie’s way.”
Hopson drew a breath of relief. He had at least discharged himself
of his intercessory mission.
“I tell Julie she’d better put up with it and go with MacDonald. The
life would be more the sort of thing she likes. But her head’s set and
she won’t hear to anything Henriette or I say. You see, that’s what
Julie holds by, what she thinks is respectable. And it’s about all she
does hold by.” He hesitated, groping blindly about in his
consciousness for words to express his feeling that this passionate,
reckless nature was only anchored to the better things of life by her
fervent belief in the righteousness of the established social order.
“Julie thinks everything of being respectable,” he concluded,
lamely.
“Is it much farther to your house?” asked Applegate, dully.
“Right here,” answered Hopson, pulling his key from his pocket.
They entered a crude little parlor whose carpet was too gaudy, and
whose plush furniture was too obviously purchased at a bargain, but
its air was none the less heavy with tragedy. A single gas-jet
flickered in the centre of the room. On one side a great, broad-
shouldered fellow sat doggedly with his elbows on his knees and his
face buried in his hands. There was resistance in every line of his
figure. On the sofa opposite was Julie in her crimson dress. As she
lifted her face eagerly, Applegate noticed traces of tears upon it. Mrs.
Hopson, who had been moving about the room aimlessly, a pale and
ineffective figure between these two vivid personalities, came to a
standstill and looked at Applegate breathlessly. For a moment no
one spoke. Then Julie, baffled by the eyes she could not read,
sprang to her feet and stretched out her hands with a vehement
gesture.
“John Applegate, you’ll put me right! You will. I know you will. I
can’t go back to him! How can I?” Her hungry eyes scrutinized his
still, inexpressive face.
“John, you aren’t going to turn me off?” Her voice had a despairing
passion in it. “You won’t refuse to marry me if I get the divorce?
Good God! You can’t be such a devil. John! oh, John!”
Applegate sat down and looked at her apathetically. He was not
used to being called a devil. Somehow it seemed to him the term
was misapplied.
“Don’t take on so, Julie,” he said, quietly. The room seemed to
whirl around him, and he added, with a palpable effort:
“I’ll think it over and try to do what is best for both of us.”
At that MacDonald lifted his sullen face from his hands for the first
time and glanced across at the other man with blood-shot eyes.
Then he rose slowly, his great bulk seeming to fill the room, and
walking over to Applegate’s chair stood in front of it looking down at
him. His scrutiny was long. Once Applegate looked up and met his
eyes, but he was too tired to bear their fierce light and dropped his
own lids wearily.
MacDonald turned from him contemptuously and faced his wife,
who averted her head.
“Look at me, Julie!” he cried, appealingly. “I am better worth it than
he is. Good Lord! I don’t see what you see in him. He’s so tame! Let
him go about his business. He’s nobody. He don’t want you. Come
along with me and we’ll lead a life! You shall cut a dash out there. I
can make money hand over fist. It’s the place for you. Come on!”
 For a moment Julie’s eyes glittered. The words allured her, but her
old gods prevailed. She threw out her arms as if to ward off his
proposal.
“No, no,” she said, shrilly. “I cannot make it seem right. You were
dead to me, and I married him. One does not go back to the dead. If
I am your wife, what am I to him? It puts me in the wrong these two
years. I cannot have it so, I tell you. I cannot have it so!”
Applegate felt faint and sick. Rising, he groped for the door. “I
must have air,” he said to Hopson, confusedly. “I will come back in a
minute.”
Once outside, the cool November night refreshed him. He dropped
down upon the doorstep and threw back his head, drinking in long
breaths as he looked up at the mocking stars.
When he found at last the courage to ask himself what he was
going to do, the answer was not ready. The decision lay entirely in
his hands. He might still be free if he said the word; and as he
thought of this he trembled. He had always tried to be what his
neighbors called a straight man, and he wanted to be straight in this
also. But where, in such a hideous tangle, was the real morality to be
found? Surely not in acceding to Julie’s demands! What claim had
she upon the home whose simple traditions of peace and happiness
she had trampled rudely under foot? Was it not a poor, cheap
convention of righteousness which demanded he should take such a
woman back to embitter the rest of his days and warp his children’s
lives? He rebelled hotly at the thought. That it was Julie’s view of the
ethical requirement of her position made it all the more improbable
that it was really right. Surely his duty was to his children first, and as
for Julie, let her reap the reward of her own temperament. The Lord
God Himself could not say that this was unjust, for it is so that He
deals with the souls of men.
It seemed to him that he had decided, but as he rose and turned to
the door a new thought stabbed him so sharply that he dropped his
lifted hand with a groan.
 Where had been that sense of duty to his children, just now so
imperative, in the days when he had yielded to Julie’s charm against
his better judgment? Had duty ever prevailed against inclination with
him? Was it prevailing now?
High over all the turmoil and desperation of his thoughts shone out
a fresh perception that mocked him as the winter stars had mocked.
For that hour at least, the crucial one of his decision, he felt assured
that in the relation of man and woman to each other lies the supreme
ethical test of each, and in that relation there is no room for
selfishness. It might be, indeed, that he owed Julie nothing, but
might it not also be that the consideration he owed all womankind
could only be paid through this woman he had called his wife? This
was an ideal with which he had never had to reckon.
He turned and sat him down again to fight the fight with a chill
suspicion in his heart of what the end would be.
Being a plain man he had only plain words in which to phrase his
decision when at last he came to it.
“I chose her and I’ll bear the consequences of my choice,” he said,
“but I’ll bear them by myself. His aunt will be glad to take Teddy, and
Dora is old enough to go away to school.” Then he opened the door.
Hopson and his wife had left the little parlor. Julie on the sofa had
fallen into the deep sleep of exhaustion. MacDonald still sat there,
with his head in his hands, and to him Applegate turned. At the
sound of his step the man lifted his massive head and shook it
impatiently.
“Well?” he demanded.
“The fact is, Mr. MacDonald, Julie and I don’t get along very well
together, but I don’t know as that is any reason why I should force
her to do anything that don’t seem right to her. She thinks it would be
more”—he hesitated for a word—“more nearly right to get a divorce
from you and remarry me. As I see it now, it’s for her to say what she
wants, and for you and me to do it.”
MacDonald looked at him piercingly.
 “You know you’d be glad of the chance to get rid of her!” he
exclaimed, excitedly. “In Heaven’s name, then, why don’t you make
her come to me? You know I suit her best. You know she’s my sort,
not yours. She’s as uncomfortable with you as you with her, and
she’d soon get over the feeling she has against me. Man! There’s no
use in it! Why can’t you give my own to me?”
“I can’t say I don’t agree with you,” said Applegate, and the words
seem to ooze painfully from his white lips, “but she thinks she’d
rather not, and—it’s for her to say.”
 A CONSUMING FIRE
He is a man who has failed in this life, and says he has no chance
of success in another; but out of the fragments of his failures he has
pieced together for himself a fabric of existence more satisfying than
most of us make of our successes. It is a kind of triumph to look as
he does, to have his manner, and to preserve his attitude toward
advancing years—those dreaded years which he faces with pale but
smiling lips.
If you would see my friend Hayden, commonly called by his friends
the connoisseur, figure to yourself a tall gentleman of sixty-five, very
erect still and graceful, gray-headed and gray-bearded, with fine gray
eyes that have the storm-tossed look of clouds on a windy March
day, and a bearing that somehow impresses you with an idea of the
gracious and pathetic dignity of his lonely age.
I myself am a quiet young man, with but one gift—I am a finished
and artistic listener. It is this talent of mine which wins for me a
degree of Hayden’s esteem and a place at his table when he has a
new story to tell. His connoisseurship extends to everything of
human interest, and his stories are often of the best.
The last time that I had the honor of dining with him, there was
present, besides the host and myself, only his close friend, that
vigorous and successful man, Dr. Richard Langworthy, the eminent
alienist and specialist in nervous diseases. The connoisseur
evidently had something to relate, but he refused to give it to us until
the pretty dinner was over. Hayden’s dinners are always pretty, and
he has ideals in the matter of china, glass, and napery which it would
require a woman to appreciate. It is one of his accomplishments that
he manages to live like a gentleman and entertain his friends on an
income which most people find quite inadequate for the purpose.
After dinner we took coffee and cigars in the library.
 On the table, full in the mellow light of the great lamp (Hayden has
a distaste for gas), was a bit of white plush on which two large opals
were lying. One was an intensely brilliant globe of broken gleaming
lights, in which the red flame burned strongest and most steadily; the
other was as large, but paler. You would have said that the prisoned
heart of fire within it had ceased to throb against the outer rim of ice.
Langworthy, who is wise in gems, bent over them with an
exclamation of delight.
“Fine stones,” he said; “where did you pick them up, Hayden?”
Hayden, standing with one hand on Langworthy’s shoulder, smiled
down on the opals with a singular expression. It was as if he looked
into beloved eyes for an answering smile.
“They came into my possession in a singular way, very singular. It
interested me immensely, and I want to tell you about it, and ask
your advice on something connected with it. I am afraid you people
will hardly care for the story as much as I do. It’s—it’s a little too
rococo and sublimated to please you, Langworthy. But here it is:
“When I was in the West last summer, I spent some time in a city
on the Pacific slope which has more pawnbrokers’ shops and that
sort of thing in full sight on the prominent streets than any other town
of the same size and respectability that I have ever seen. One day,
when I had been looking in the bazaars for something a little out of
the regular line in Chinese curios and didn’t find it, it occurred to me
that in such a cosmopolitan town there might possibly be some
interesting things in the pawn-shops, so I went into one to look. It
was a common, dingy place, kept by a common, dingy man with
shrewd eyes and a coarse mouth. Talking to him across the counter
was a man of another type. Distinction in good clothes, you know,
one is never sure of. It may be only that a man’s tailor is
distinguished. But distinction in indifferent garments is distinction
indeed, and there before me I saw it. A young, slight, carelessly
dressed man, his bearing was attractive and noteworthy beyond
anything I can express. His appearance was perhaps a little too
unusual, for the contrast between his soft, straw-colored hair and
wine-brown eyes was such a striking one that it attracted attention
from the real beauty of his face. The delicacy of a cameo is rough,”
added the connoisseur, parenthetically, “compared to the delicacy of
outline and feature in a face that thought, and perhaps suffering,
have worn away, but this is one of the distinctive attractions of the
old. You do not look for it in young faces such as this.
“On the desk between the two men lay a fine opal—this one,” said
Hayden, touching the more brilliant of the two stones. “The younger
man was talking eagerly, fingering the gem lightly as he spoke. I
inferred that he was offering to sell or pawn it.
“The proprietor, seeing that I waited, apparently cut the young man
short. He started, and caught up the stone. ‘I’ll give you—’ I heard
the other say, but the young man shook his head, and departed
abruptly. I found nothing that I wanted in the place, and soon passed
out.
“In front of a shop-window a little farther down the street stood the
other man, looking in listlessly with eyes that evidently saw nothing.
As I came by he turned and looked into my face. His eyes fixed me
as the Ancient Mariner’s did the Wedding Guest. It was an appealing
yet commanding look, and I—I felt constrained to stop. I couldn’t
help it, you know. Even at my age one is not beyond feeling the force
of an imperious attraction, and when you are past sixty you ought to
be thankful on your knees for any emotion that is imperative in its
nature. So I stopped beside him. I said: ‘It is a fine stone you were
showing that man. I have a great fondness for opals. May I ask if you
were offering it for sale?’
“He continued to look at me, inspecting me calmly, with a
fastidious expression. Upon my word, I felt singularly honored when,
at the end of a minute or two, he said: ‘I should like to show it to you.
If you will come to my room with me, you may see that, and another;’
and he turned and led the way, I following quite humbly and gladly,
though surprised at myself.
“The room, somewhat to my astonishment, proved to be a large
apartment—a front room high up in one of the best hotels. There
were a good many things lying about which obviously were not hotel
furnishings, and the walls, the bed, and even the floor were covered
with a litter of water-color sketches. Those that I could see were
admirable, being chiefly impressions of delicate and fleeting
atmospheric effects.
“I took the chair he offered. He stood, still looking at me,
apparently not in haste to show me the opals. I looked about the
room.
“‘You are an artist?’ I said.
“‘Oh, I used to be, when I was alive,’ he answered, drearily. ‘I am
nothing now.’ And then turning away he fetched a little leather case,
and placed the two opals on the table before me.
“‘This is the one I have always worn,’ he said, indicating the more
brilliant. ‘That chillier one I gave once to the woman whom I loved. It
was more vivid then. They are strange stones—strange stones.’
“He said nothing more, and I sat in perfect silence, only dreading
that he should not speak again. I am not making you understand
how he impressed me. In the delicate, hopeless patience of his face,
in the refined, uninsistent accents of his voice, there was somehow
struck a note of self-abnegation, of aloofness from the world,
pathetic in any one so young.
“I am old. There is little in life that I care for. My interests are
largely affected. Wine does not warm me now, and beauty seems no
longer beautiful; but I thank Heaven I am not beyond the reach of a
penetrating human personality. I have at least the ordinary instincts
for convention in social matters, but I assure you it seemed not in the
least strange to me that I should be sitting in the private apartment of
a man whom I had met only half an hour before, and then in a
pawnbroker’s shop, listening eagerly for his account of matters
wholly personal to himself. It struck me as the most natural and
charming thing in the world. It was just such chance passing
intercourse as I expect to hold with wandering spirits on the green
hills of paradise.
“It was some time before he spoke again.
“‘I saw her first,’ he said, looking at the paler opal, as if it was of
that he spoke, ‘on the street in Florence. It was a day in April, and
the air was liquid gold. She was looking at the Campanile, as if she
were akin to it. It was the friendly grace of one lily looking at another.
Later, I met her as one meets other people, and was presented to
her. And after that the days went fast. I think she was the sweetest
woman God ever made. I sometimes wonder how He came to think
of her. Whatever you may have missed in life,’ he said, lifting calm
eyes to mine, and smiling a little, ‘you whose aspect is so sweet,
decorous, and depressing, whose griefs, if you have griefs, are the
subtle sorrows of the old and unimpassioned’—I remember his
phrases literally. I thought them striking and descriptive,” confessed
Hayden—“‘I hope you have not missed that last touch of exaltation
which I knew then. It is the most exquisite thing in life. The Fates
must hate those from whose lips they keep that cup.’ He mused
awhile and added, ‘There is only one real want in life, and that is
comradeship—comradeship with the divine, and that we call religion;
with the human, and that we call love.’
“‘Your definitions are literature,’ I ventured to suggest, ‘but they are
not fact. Believe me, neither love nor religion is exactly what you call
it. And there are other things almost as good in life, as surely you
must know. There is art, and there is work which is work only, and
yet is good.’
“‘You speak from your own experience?’ he said, simply.
“It was a home thrust. I did not, and I knew I did not. I am sixty-five
years old, and I have never known just that complete satisfaction
which I believe arises from the perfect performance of distasteful
work. I said so. He smiled.
“‘I knew it when I set my eyes upon you, and I knew you would
listen to me and my vaporing. Your sympathy with me is what you
feel toward all forms of weakness, and in the last analysis it is self-
sympathy. You are beautiful, not strong,’ he added, with an air of
finality, ‘and I—I am like you. If I had been a strong man.... Christ!’
“I enjoyed this singular analysis of myself, but I wanted something
else.
“‘You were telling me of the opals,’ I suggested.
 “‘The opals, yes. Opals always made me happy, you know. While I
wore one, I felt a friend was near. My father found these in Hungary,
and sent them to me—two perfect jewels. He said they were the twin
halves of a single stone. I believe it to be true. Their mutual relation
is an odd one. One has paled as the other brightened. You see them
now. When they were both mine, they were of almost equal
brilliancy. This,’ touching the paler, ‘is the one I gave to her. You see
the difference in them now. Hers began to pale before she had worn
it a month. I do not try to explain it, not even on the ground of the old
superstition. It was not her fault that they made her send it back to
me. But the fact remains; her opal is fading slowly; mine is burning to
a deeper red. Some day hers will be frozen quite, while mine—mine
—’ his voice wavered and fell on silence, as the flame of a candle
fighting against the wind flickers and goes out.
“I waited many minutes for him to speak again, but the silence was
unbroken. At last I rose. ‘Surely you did not mean to part with either
stone?’ I said.
“He looked up as if from a dream. ‘Part with them? Why should I
sell my soul? I would not part with them if I were starving. I had a
minute’s temptation, but that is past now.’ Then, with a change of
manner, ‘You are going?’ He rose with a gesture that I felt then and
still feel as a benediction. ‘Good-by. I wish for your own sake that
you had not been so like my poor self that I knew you for a friend.’
“We had exchanged cards, but I did not see or hear of him again.
Last week these stones came to me, sent by some one here in New
York of his own name—his executor. He is dead, and left me these.
“It is here that I want your counsel. These stones do not belong to
me, you know. It is true that we are like, as like as blue and violet.
But there is that woman somewhere—I don’t know where; and I
know no more of their story than he told me. I have not cared to be
curious regarding it or him. But they loved once, and these belong to
her. Do you suppose they would be a comfort or a curse to her? If—if
—” the connoisseur evidently found difficulty in stating his position.
“Of course I do not mean to say that I believe one of the stones
waned while the other grew more brilliant. I simply say nothing of it;
but I know that he believed it, and I, even I, feel a superstition about
it. I do not want the light in that stone to go out; or if it should, or
could, I do not want to see it. And, besides, if I were a woman, and
that man had loved me so, I should wish those opals.” Here Hayden
looked up and caught Langworthy’s amused, tolerant smile. He
stopped, and there was almost a flush upon his cheek.
“You think I am maudlin—doting—I see,” he said. “Langworthy, I
do hope the Lord will kindly let you die in the harness. You haven’t
any taste for these innocent, green pastures where we old fellows
must disport ourselves, if we disport at all. Now, I want to know if it
would be—er—indelicate to attempt to find out who she is, and to
restore the stones to her?”
Langworthy, who had preserved throughout his usual air of strict
scientific attention, jumped up and began to pace the room.
“His name?” he said.
Hayden gave it.
“I know the man,” said Langworthy, almost reluctantly. “Did any
one who ever saw him forget him? He was on the verge of
melancholia, but what a mind he had!”
“How did you know him, Langworthy?” asked Hayden, with
pathetic eagerness.
“As a patient. It’s a sad story. You won’t like it. You had better keep
your fancies without the addition of any of the facts.”
“Go on,” said Hayden, briefly.
“They live here, you know. He was the only son. He unconsciously
acquired the morphine habit from taking quantities of the stuff for
neuralgic symptoms during a severe protracted illness. After he got
better, and found what had happened to him, he came to me. I had
to tell him he would die if he didn’t break it off, and would probably
die if he did. ‘Oh, no matter,’ he said. ‘What disgusts me is the idea
that it has taken such hold of me.’ He did break it off directly and
absolutely. I never knew but one other man who did that thing. But
between the pain and the shock from the sudden cessation of the
drug, his mind was unbalanced for awhile. Of course the girl’s
parents broke off the engagement. I knew they were travelling with
him last summer. It was a trying case, and the way he accepted his
own weakness touched me. At his own request he carried no money
with him. It was a temptation when he wanted the drug, you see. It
must have been at some such moment, when he contemplated
giving up the struggle, that you met him in the pawn-shop.”
“I am glad I knew enough to respect him even there,” murmured
Hayden, in his beard.
“Oh, you may respect him, and love him if you like. He died a
moral hero, if a mental and physical wreck. That is as good a way as
any, or ought to be, to enter another life—if there is another life.”
“And the woman?” asked the connoisseur.
“Keep the opals, Hayden; they and he are more to you than to her.
She—in fact it is very soon—is to marry another man.”
“Who is—”
“A gilded cad. That’s all.”
Langworthy took out his watch and looked at it. I turned to the
table. What had happened to the dreaming stones? Did a light flash
across from one to the other, or did my eyes deceive me? I looked
down, not trusting what I saw. One opal lay as pale, as pure, as
lifeless, as a moon-stone is. The other glowed with a yet fierier
spark; instead of coming from within, the color seemed to play over
its surface in unrestricted flame.
“See here!” I said.
Langworthy looked, then turned his head away sharply. The
distaste of the scientific man for the inexplicable and irrational was
very strong within him.
But the old man bent forward, the lamp-light shining on his white
hair, and with a womanish gesture caught the gleaming opal to his
lips.
“A human soul!” he said. “A human soul!”
 AN UNEARNED REWARD
It is the very last corner of the world in which you would expect to
find a sermon. Overhead hang the Colorado skies, curtains of
deepest, dullest cobalt, against which the unthreatening white clouds
stand out with a certain solidity, a tangible look seen nowhere else
save in that clear air. All around are the great upland swells of the
mountains, rising endlessly, ridge beyond ridge, like the waves of the
sea. In a hollow beside the glittering track is the one sign of human
existence in sight—the sun-scorched, brown railway station. It is an
insignificant structure planted on a high platform. There is a red tool-
chest standing against the wall; a tin advertisement of somebody’s
yeast-cakes is nailed to the clap-boards; three buffalo hides, with
horns still on them, hang over a beam by the coal-shed, and across
the side of the platform, visible only to those approaching from the
west, is written, in great, black letters:
THE WAGES OF SIN IS DEATH.
This legend had no place there on the September afternoon, some
years ago, when Carroll Forbes stepped off the west-bound express
as it halted a minute at the desolate spot. Because it looked to him
like the loneliest place in all the world the notion seized him
suddenly, as the train drew up beside the high platform, to catch up
his valise and leave the car. He was looking for a lonely place, and
looking helplessly. He snatched at the idea that here might be what
he sought, as a drowning man at the proverbial straw.
When the train had gone on and left him there, already repenting
tremulously of what might prove his disastrous folly, a man, who was
possibly the station agent—if this were indeed a station—came
limping toward him with an inquiring look.
Forbes was a handsome man himself, and thoroughly aware of
the value of beauty as an endowment. He was conscious of a half-
envious pang as he faced the blonde giant halting across the
platform. This was, or had been, a singularly perfect specimen of the
physical man. Over six feet in height, muscular, finely proportioned,
fair-haired and fair-skinned, with a curling, blonde beard, and big,
expressionless blue eyes, he looked as one might who had been
made when the world was young, and there was more room for
mighty men than now.
The slight, olive-skinned young man who faced him was conscious
of the sudden feeling of physical disadvantage that comes upon one
in the presence of imposing natural objects, for the man was as
august in his way as the cliffs and canyons.
“I am a—an artist,” said Carroll Forbes. “Is there any place
hereabouts where I can get my meals and sometimes a bed, while I
am sketching in the mountains?”
The man stared at him.
“Would it have been better if I had said I was a surveyor?” asked
Forbes of his confused inner consciousness.
“We feed folks here sometimes—that is, my wife does. Mebbe you
could have a shake-down in the loft. Or there’s Connor’s ranch off
north a ways. But they don’t care about taking in folks up there.”
“Then, if you would ask your wife?” ventured Forbes, politely. “I
shall not trouble you long,” he added.
“Ellen!”
A woman appeared at the door, then moving slowly forward, stood
at her husband’s side, and the admiration Forbes had felt at the sight
of the man flamed into sudden enthusiasm as he watched the wife.
She was tall, with heavy, black hair, great eyes like unpolished jet,
one of the thick white, smooth, perfectly colorless skins, which
neither the sun nor the wind affect, and clear-cut, perfect features.
Standing so, side by side, the two were singularly well worth looking
at.
“What a regal pair!” was Forbes’s internal comment; and while
they conferred together he watched them idly, wondering what their
history was, for of course they had one. It is safe to affirm that every
human creature cast in the mould of the beautiful has, or is to have,
one.
“She says you c’n stay,” announced the man. “Just put those traps
of yours inside, will you?” and, turning, he limped off the length of the
platform at a call from somebody who had ridden up with jingling
spurs.
Forbes, left to his own devices, picked up his valise, then set it
down again and looked around him helplessly, wondering if there
was a night train by which he could get away from this heaven-
forsaken spot.
“If you want to see where you can sleep,” said a voice at his side,
“I will show you.” It was the woman. She bent as she spoke to pick
up some of his impedimenta, but he hastily forestalled her with a
murmur of deprecation.
She turned and looked at him, and as he met her eyes it occurred
to him that the indifference of her face was the indifference of the
desert—arid and hopeless. The look she gave him was searching
and impersonal; he saw no reason for it, nor for the slow, dark color
that spread over her face, and there was less than no excuse for the
way she set her lips and stretched a peremptory hand, saying, “Give
me those,” in tones that could not be disobeyed. To his own
astonishment he surrendered them, and followed her meekly up a
ladder-like flight of steps to the rough loft over the station. It was
unfinished, but partitioned into two rooms. She opened the door of
one of these apartments, silently set his luggage inside, and
vanished down the stairs.
Forbes sat down on the edge of a broken chair and looked about
him.
“Now, in heaven’s name,” he demanded of the barren walls, “what
have I let myself in for, and why did I do it?”
To this question there seemed no sufficient answer, and for awhile
he sat there fretting with the futile anxiety of a man who knows that
his fate pursues him, who hopes that this turning or that may help
him to evade it, yet always feels the benumbing certainty that the
path he has taken is the shortest road to that he would avoid. When
at last—recognizing that his meditations were unprofitable—he rose
and went down the stairs, it was supper-time.
The woman was uncommunicative, but he could feel that her eyes
were on him. The man—it occurred to Forbes that he had probably
been drinking—was talkative. After the meal was over they went
outside. Forbes, by way of supporting his pretence of being an artist,
took out a pocket sketch-book and made notes of the values of the
clouds and the outlines of the hills against the sky in a sort of artistic
short-hand. The man Wilson sat down on a bench and began to talk.
Between the exciting effects of the whiskey he had taken, the
soothing influence of the cigar Forbes proffered him, and a natural
talent for communicativeness, he presently went on to tell his own
story. Forbes listened attentively. It seemed a part of the melodrama
of the whole situation and was as unreal to him as the flaming
miracle of the western skies or his own presence here.
“So the upshot of it all was that we just skipped out. She ran away
with me.”
It was a curious story. As Forbes listened he became aware that it
was one with which he had occasionally met in the newspapers, but
never in real life before. It was, apparently, the story of a girl
belonging to a family of wealth and possibly of high social traditions
—naturally he did not know what importance to attach to Wilson’s
boast that his wife belonged “to the top of the heap”—who had
eloped with the man who drove her father’s carriage.
The reasons for this revolt against the natural order of her life was
obscure; there was, perhaps, too high a temper on her side and too
strict a restraint on the part of her guardians. There was necessarily
a total absence of knowledge of life; there was also the fact that the
coachman was undoubtedly a fine creature to look at; there might
have been a momentary yielding on the part of a naturally dramatic
temperament to the impulse for the spectacular in her life.
But whatever the reasons, the result was the same. She had
married this man and gone away with him, and they had drifted
westward. And when they had gone so far west that coachmen of his
stamp were no longer in demand, he took to railroading, and from
brakeman became engineer; and finally, being maimed in an
accident in which he had stood by his engine while the fireman
jumped—breaking his neck thereby—he had picked up enough
knowledge of telegraphy to qualify him for this post among the
mountains. He and his handsome wife lived here and shared the
everlasting solitude of the spot together, and occasionally fed stray
travellers like this one who had dropped down on them to-day.
“He drinks over-freely and he swears profusely,” mused Forbes,
scrutinizing him, “but he is too big to be cruel, and he still worships
her beauty as she, perhaps, once worshipped his; and he still feels
an uncouth pride in all that she gave up for his sake.”
It had never occurred to him before to wonder what the after-life of
a girl who eloped with her father’s servant might be like. He
speculated upon it now. By just what process does a woman so
utterly déclassée adjust herself to her altered position? Would she
make it a point to forget, or would every reminder of lives, such as
her own had been, be a turning of the knife in her wound? Would not
a saving recollection of the little refinements of life cling longer to a
weak nature than to a strong one under such circumstances?
This woman apparently gave tongue to no vain regrets, for her
husband was exulting in the “grit” with which she had taken the
fortunes of their life. “No whine about her,” was his way of expressing
his conviction that the courage of the thoroughbred was in her.
“No, sir; there’s no whine about her. Un she’s never been sorry,
un, s’help me, she sha’n’t never be,” concluded Wilson. There were
maudlin tears in his eyes.
“Few men can say that of their wives,” said Forbes’s smooth,
sympathetic voice. “You are indeed fortunate.”
While her husband was repeating the oft-told tale of their conjugal
happiness, Ellen Wilson had done her after-supper work, and,
slipping out of the door, climbed the short, rocky spur to the north of
the station. Beyond the summit, completely out of sight and hearing,
there was a little hollow that knew her well, but never had it seen her
as it saw her now, when, throwing herself down, her face to the
earth, she shed the most scalding tears of all her wretched years.
They were such little things this stranger had done—things so
slight, so involuntary, so unconscious that they did not deserve the
name of courtesies, but they were enough to open the flood-gates of
an embittered heart. There was a world where all the men were
deferential and all the women’s lives were wrapped about with the
fine, small courtesies of life—formal, but not meaningless. It had
been her world once and now was so no longer.
Good or bad, she knew little and cared less, this man had come
from that lost world of hers, as she was made aware by a thousand
small signs, whose very existence she had forgotten; and silently,
fiercely she claimed him as an equal.
“I—I too was—” Slow tears drowned the rest.
She could have told him how a déclassée grows used to it. She
knew how the mind can adjust itself to any phase of experience, and
had learned that what woman has undergone, woman can undergo
—yes, and be strong about it. She knew how, under the impulse of
necessity, the once impossible grows to be the accepted life, and the
food that could not be swallowed becomes the daily bread.
When the struggle for existence becomes a hand-to-hand fight,
traditions of one’s ancestry do not matter, except, possibly, that some
traditions bind you to strength and silence, while others leave you
free to scream. She knew what it was to forget the past and ignore
the future, and survey the present with the single-hearted purpose of
securing three meals a day, if possible; two, if it were not.
She had forgotten with what facility she might the faces and
scenes that once were dear to her. She had nothing to do with them
any longer, as she knew. She might, perhaps, have heard their
names without emotion. But, even in this day and generation and
among this democratic people, in the soul of a woman bred as she
had been the feeling for her caste is the last feeling that dies. And to
her anguish she found that in her it was not yet dead.
The color died from the sky, and the stars came swiftly out.