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Contents
1. Chapter 1: Welcome to SQL Server Integration Services
1. SQL Server SSIS Historical Overview
2. What’s New in SSIS
3. Tools of the Trade
4. SSIS Architecture
5. Editions of SQL Server
6. Summary
2. Chapter 2: The SSIS Tools
1. Import and Export Wizard
2. SQL Server Data Tools
3. The Solution Explorer Window
4. The SSIS Package Designer
5. Management Studio
6. Summary
3. Chapter 3: SSIS Tasks
1. SSIS Task Objects
2. Looping and Sequence Tasks
3. Script Task (.NET)
4. Analysis Services Tasks
5. Data Flow Task
6. Data Preparation Tasks
7. RDBMS Server Tasks
8. Workflow Tasks
9. SMO Administration Tasks
10. Summary
4. Chapter 4: The Data Flow
1. Understanding the Data Flow
2. Data Viewers
3. Sources
4. Destinations
5. Common Transformations
6. Other Transformations
7. Data Flow Example
8. Summary
5. Chapter 5: Using Variables, Parameters, and Expressions
1. Dynamic Package Objects
2. Understanding Data Types
3. Using Variables and Parameters
4. Working with Expressions
5. Summary
 6. Chapter 6: Containers
1. Task Host Containers
2. Sequence Containers
3. Groups
4. For Loop Container
5. Foreach Loop Container
6. Summary
7. Chapter 7: Joining Data
1. The Lookup Transformation
2. Using the Merge Join Transformation
3. Contrasting SSIS and the Relational Join
4. Lookup Features
5. Building the Basic Package
6. Using the Lookup Transformation
7. Cache Connection Manager and Cache Transform
8. Summary
8. Chapter 8: Creating an End-to-End Package
1. Basic Transformation Tutorial
2. Typical Mainframe ETL with Data Scrubbing
3. Summary
9. Chapter 9: Scripting in SSIS
1. Introducing SSIS Scripting
2. Getting Started in SSIS Scripting
3. Using the Script Task
4. Using the Script Component
5. Essential Coding, Debugging, and Troubleshooting Techniques
6. Summary
10. Chapter 10: Advanced Data Cleansing in SSIS
1. Advanced Derived Column Use
2. Advanced Fuzzy Lookup and Fuzzy Grouping
3. DQS Cleansing
4. Master Data Management
5. Summary
11. Chapter 11: Incremental Loads in SSIS
1. Control Table Pattern
2. SQL Server Change Data Capture
3. Summary
12. Chapter 12: Loading a Data Warehouse
1. Data Profiling
2. Data Extraction and Cleansing
3. Dimension Table Loading
4. Fact Table Loading
 5. SSAS Processing
6. Using a Master ETL Package
7. Summary
13. Chapter 13: Using the Relational Engine
1. Data Extraction
2. Data Loading
3. Summary
14. Chapter 14: Accessing Heterogeneous Data
1. Excel and Access
2. Importing from Oracle
3. Using XML and Web Services
4. Flat Files
5. ODBC
6. Other Heterogeneous Sources
7. Summary
15. Chapter 15: Reliability and Scalability
1. Restarting Packages
2. Package Transactions
3. Error Outputs
4. Scaling Out
5. Summary
16. Chapter 16: Understanding and Tuning the Data Flow Engine
1. The SSIS Engine
2. SSIS Data Flow Design and Tuning
3. Pipeline Performance Monitoring
4. Summary
17. Chapter 17: SSIS Software Development Life Cycle
1. Introduction to Software Development Life Cycles
2. Versioning and Source Code Control
3. Summary
18. Chapter 18: Error and Event Handling
1. Using Precedence Constraints
2. Event Handling
3. Breakpoints
4. Error Rows
5. Logging
6. Summary
19. Chapter 19: Programming and Extending SSIS
1. The Sample Components
2. The Pipeline Component Methods
3. Building the Components
4. Using the Components
 5. Upgrading to SQL Server 2014
6. Summary
20. Chapter 20: Adding a User Interface to Your Component
1. Three Key Steps for Designing the UI: An Overview
2. Building the User Interface
3. Extending the User Interface
4. Other UI Considerations
5. Summary
21. Chapter 21: External Management and WMI Task Implementation
1. External Management of SSIS with Managed Code
2. Package Operations
3. Application Object Maintenance Operations
4. Package Log Providers
5. Package Configurations
6. Windows Management Instrumentation Tasks
7. Summary
22. Chapter 22: Administering SSIS
1. Using the SSIS Catalog
2. Deployment Models
3. Using T-SQL with SSIS
4. Creating a Central SSIS Server
5. Clustering SSIS
6. Package Configuration
7. Command-Line Utilities
8. Security
9. Scheduling Packages
10. 64-Bit Issues
11. Monitoring Package Executions
12. Performance Counters
13. Summary
23. Appendix A: SSIS Crib Notes
24. Appendix B: SSIS Internal Views and Stored Procedures
25. Appendix C: Interviewing for an ETL Developer Position
26. Introduction
27. Advertisement
28. End User License Agreement

List of Illustrations

1. FIGURE 1-1
2. FIGURE 1-2
3. FIGURE 1-3
4. FIGURE 1-4
 5. FIGURE 1-5
6. FIGURE 2-1
7. FIGURE 2-2
8. FIGURE 2-3
9. FIGURE 2-4
10. FIGURE 2-5
11. FIGURE 2-6
12. FIGURE 2-7
13. FIGURE 2-8
14. FIGURE 2-9
15. FIGURE 2-10
16. FIGURE 2-11
17. FIGURE 2-12
18. FIGURE 2-13
19. FIGURE 2-14
20. FIGURE 2-15
21. FIGURE 2-16
22. FIGURE 2-17
23. FIGURE 2-18
24. FIGURE 2-19
25. FIGURE 2-20
26. FIGURE 2-21
27. FIGURE 2-22
28. FIGURE 2-23
29. FIGURE 2-24
30. FIGURE 2-25
31. FIGURE 2-26
32. FIGURE 3-1
33. FIGURE 3-2
34. FIGURE 3-3
35. FIGURE 3-4
36. FIGURE 3-5
37. FIGURE 3-6
38. FIGURE 3-7
39. FIGURE 3-8
40. FIGURE 3-9
41. FIGURE 3-10
42. FIGURE 3-11
43. FIGURE 3-12
44. FIGURE 3-13
45. FIGURE 3-14
46. FIGURE 3-15
47. FIGURE 3-16
48. FIGURE 3-17
49. FIGURE 3-18
50. FIGURE 3-19
51. FIGURE 3-20
52. FIGURE 3-21
53. FIGURE 3-22
54. FIGURE 3-23
55. FIGURE 3-24
56. FIGURE 3-25
57. FIGURE 3-26
58. FIGURE 3-27
59. FIGURE 3-28
60. FIGURE 3-29
61. FIGURE 3-30
62. FIGURE 3-31
63. FIGURE 3-32
64. FIGURE 3-33
65. FIGURE 3-34
66. FIGURE 3-35
67. FIGURE 3-36
68. FIGURE 3-37
69. FIGURE 3-38
70. FIGURE 3-39
71. FIGURE 4-1
72. FIGURE 4-2
73. FIGURE 4-3
74. FIGURE 4-4
75. FIGURE 4-5
76. FIGURE 4-6
77. FIGURE 4-7
78. FIGURE 4-8
79. FIGURE 4-9
80. FIGURE 4-10
81. FIGURE 4-11
82. FIGURE 4-12
 83. FIGURE 4-13
84. FIGURE 4-14
85. FIGURE 4-15
86. FIGURE 4-16
87. FIGURE 4-17
88. FIGURE 4-18
89. FIGURE 4-19
90. FIGURE 4-20
91. FIGURE 4-21
92. FIGURE 4-22
93. FIGURE 4-23
94. FIGURE 4-24
95. FIGURE 4-25
96. FIGURE 4-26
97. FIGURE 4-27
98. FIGURE 4-28
99. FIGURE 4-29
100. FIGURE 4-30
101. FIGURE 4-31
102. FIGURE 4-32
103. FIGURE 4-33
104. FIGURE 4-34
105. FIGURE 4-35
106. FIGURE 4-36
107. FIGURE 4-37
108. FIGURE 4-38
109. FIGURE 4-39
110. FIGURE 4-40
111. FIGURE 4-41
112. FIGURE 4-42
113. FIGURE 4-43
114. FIGURE 4-44
115. FIGURE 4-45
116. FIGURE 4-46
117. FIGURE 4-47
118. FIGURE 4-48
119. FIGURE 4-49
120. FIGURE 5-1
121. FIGURE 5-2
122. FIGURE 5-3
123. FIGURE 5-4
124. FIGURE 5-5
125. FIGURE 5-6
126. FIGURE 5-7
127. FIGURE 5-8
128. FIGURE 5-9
129. FIGURE 5-10
130. FIGURE 5-11
131. FIGURE 5-12
132. FIGURE 5-13
133. FIGURE 5-14
134. FIGURE 5-15
135. FIGURE 5-16
136. FIGURE 5-17
137. FIGURE 5-18
138. FIGURE 5-19
139. FIGURE 5-20
140. FIGURE 5-21
141. FIGURE 6-1
142. FIGURE 6-2
143. FIGURE 6-3
144. FIGURE 6-4
145. FIGURE 6-5
146. FIGURE 6-6
147. FIGURE 6-7
148. FIGURE 6-8
149. FIGURE 6-9
150. FIGURE 6-10
151. FIGURE 6-11
152. FIGURE 6-12
153. FIGURE 6-13
154. FIGURE 6-14
155. FIGURE 6-15
156. FIGURE 7-1
157. FIGURE 7-2
158. FIGURE 7-3
159. FIGURE 7-4
160. FIGURE 7-5
161. FIGURE 7-6
162. FIGURE 7-7
163. FIGURE 7-8
164. FIGURE 7-9
165. FIGURE 7-10
166. FIGURE 7-11
167. FIGURE 7-12
168. FIGURE 7-13
169. FIGURE 7-14
170. FIGURE 7-15
171. FIGURE 7-16
172. FIGURE 7-17
173. FIGURE 7-18
174. FIGURE 7-19
175. FIGURE 7-20
176. FIGURE 7-21
177. FIGURE 7-22
178. FIGURE 7-23
179. FIGURE 7-24
180. FIGURE 7-25
181. FIGURE 7-26
182. FIGURE 7-27
183. FIGURE 7-28
184. FIGURE 7-29
185. FIGURE 7-30
186. FIGURE 7-31
187. FIGURE 7-32
188. FIGURE 7-33
189. FIGURE 7-34
190. FIGURE 8-1
191. FIGURE 8-2
192. FIGURE 8-3
193. FIGURE 8-4
194. FIGURE 8-5
195. FIGURE 8-6
196. FIGURE 8-7
197. FIGURE 8-8
198. FIGURE 8-9
199. FIGURE 8-10
200. FIGURE 8-11
201. FIGURE 8-12
202. FIGURE 8-13
203. FIGURE 8-14
204. FIGURE 8-15
205. FIGURE 8-16
206. FIGURE 8-17
207. FIGURE 8-18
208. FIGURE 8-19
209. FIGURE 9-1
210. FIGURE 9-2
211. FIGURE 9-3
212. FIGURE 9-4
213. FIGURE 9-5
214. FIGURE 9-6
215. FIGURE 9-7
216. FIGURE 9-8
217. FIGURE 9-9
218. FIGURE 9-10
219. FIGURE 9-11
220. FIGURE 9-12
221. FIGURE 9-13
222. FIGURE 9-14
223. FIGURE 9-15
224. FIGURE 9-16
225. FIGURE 9-17
226. FIGURE 9-18
227. FIGURE 9-19
228. FIGURE 9-20
229. FIGURE 9-21
230. FIGURE 9-22
231. FIGURE 9-23
232. FIGURE 9-24
233. FIGURE 9-25
234. FIGURE 9-26
235. FIGURE 9-27
236. FIGURE 9-28
237. FIGURE 9-29
238. FIGURE 9-30
239. FIGURE 9-31
240. FIGURE 9-32
241. FIGURE 9-33
242. FIGURE 9-34
243. FIGURE 9-35
244. FIGURE 9-36
245. FIGURE 10-1
246. FIGURE 10-2
247. FIGURE 10-3
248. FIGURE 10-4
249. FIGURE 10-5
250. FIGURE 10-6
251. FIGURE 10-7
252. FIGURE 10-8
253. FIGURE 10-9
254. FIGURE 10-10
255. FIGURE 10-11
256. FIGURE 10-12
257. FIGURE 10-13
258. FIGURE 10-14
259. FIGURE 10-15
260. FIGURE 10-16
261. FIGURE 10-17
262. FIGURE 10-18
263. FIGURE 10-19
264. FIGURE 10-20
265. FIGURE 10-21
266. FIGURE 10-22
267. FIGURE 10-23
268. FIGURE 10-24
269. FIGURE 10-25
270. FIGURE 10-26
271. FIGURE 10-27
272. FIGURE 10-28
273. FIGURE 10-29
274. FIGURE 10-30
275. FIGURE 10-31
276. FIGURE 10-32
277. FIGURE 10-33
278. FIGURE 10-34
279. FIGURE 11-1
280. FIGURE 11-2
281. FIGURE 11-3
282. FIGURE 11-4
283. FIGURE 11-5
284. FIGURE 11-6
285. FIGURE 11-7
286. FIGURE 11-8
287. FIGURE 11-9
288. FIGURE 11-10
289. FIGURE 11-11
290. FIGURE 11-12
291. FIGURE 12-1
292. FIGURE 12-2
293. FIGURE 12-3
294. FIGURE 12-4
295. FIGURE 12-5
296. FIGURE 12-6
297. FIGURE 12-7
298. FIGURE 12-8
299. FIGURE 12-9
300. FIGURE 12-10
301. FIGURE 12-11
302. FIGURE 12-12
303. FIGURE 12-13
304. FIGURE 12-14
305. FIGURE 12-15
306. FIGURE 12-16
307. FIGURE 12-17
308. FIGURE 12-18
309. FIGURE 12-19
310. FIGURE 12-20
311. FIGURE 12-21
312. FIGURE 12-22
313. FIGURE 12-23
314. FIGURE 12-24
315. FIGURE 12-25
316. FIGURE 12-26
317. FIGURE 12-27
318. FIGURE 12-28
319. FIGURE 12-29
320. FIGURE 12-30
321. FIGURE 12-31
322. FIGURE 12-32
323. FIGURE 12-33
324. FIGURE 12-34
325. FIGURE 12-35
326. FIGURE 12-36
327. FIGURE 12-37
328. FIGURE 12-38
329. FIGURE 12-39
330. FIGURE 12-40
331. FIGURE 12-41
332. FIGURE 12-42
333. FIGURE 12-43
334. FIGURE 12-44
335. FIGURE 12-45
336. FIGURE 12-46
337. FIGURE 12-47
338. FIGURE 12-48
339. FIGURE 12-49
340. FIGURE 13-1
341. FIGURE 13-2
342. FIGURE 13-3
343. FIGURE 13-4
344. FIGURE 13-5
345. FIGURE 13-6
346. FIGURE 14-1
347. FIGURE 14-2
348. FIGURE 14-3
349. FIGURE 14-4
350. FIGURE 14-5
351. FIGURE 14-6
352. FIGURE 14-7
353. FIGURE 14-8
354. FIGURE 14-9
355. FIGURE 14-10
356. FIGURE 14-11
357. FIGURE 14-12
358. FIGURE 14-13
359. FIGURE 14-14
360. FIGURE 14-15
361. FIGURE 14-16
362. FIGURE 14-17
363. FIGURE 14-18
364. FIGURE 14-19
365. FIGURE 14-20
366. FIGURE 14-21
367. FIGURE 14-22
368. FIGURE 14-23
369. FIGURE 14-24
370. FIGURE 14-25
371. FIGURE 14-26
372. FIGURE 14-27
373. FIGURE 14-28
374. FIGURE 14-29
375. FIGURE 14-30
376. FIGURE 14-31
377. FIGURE 14-32
378. FIGURE 14-33
379. FIGURE 14-34
380. FIGURE 14-35
381. FIGURE 14-36
382. FIGURE 14-37
383. FIGURE 14-38
384. FIGURE 15-1
385. FIGURE 15-2
386. FIGURE 15-3
387. FIGURE 15-4
388. FIGURE 15-5
389. FIGURE 15-6
390. FIGURE 15-7
391. FIGURE 15-8
392. FIGURE 15-9
393. FIGURE 15-10
394. FIGURE 15-11
395. FIGURE 15-12
396. FIGURE 15-13
397. FIGURE 15-14
398. FIGURE 15-15
399. FIGURE 15-16
400. FIGURE 15-17
401. FIGURE 15-18
402. FIGURE 15-19
403. FIGURE 15-20
404. FIGURE 15-21
405. FIGURE 15-22
406. FIGURE 15-23
407. FIGURE 15-24
408. FIGURE 15-25
409. FIGURE 15-26
410. FIGURE 15-27
411. FIGURE 15-28
412. FIGURE 15-29
413. FIGURE 15-30
414. FIGURE 15-31
415. FIGURE 15-32
416. FIGURE 15-33
417. FIGURE 15-34
418. FIGURE 15-35
419. FIGURE 15-36
420. FIGURE 15-37
421. FIGURE 15-38
422. FIGURE 15-39
423. FIGURE 15-40
424. FIGURE 15-41
425. FIGURE 15-42
426. FIGURE 15-43
427. FIGURE 15-44
428. FIGURE 15-45
429. FIGURE 15-46
430. FIGURE 15-47
431. FIGURE 15-48
432. FIGURE 15-49
433. FIGURE 16-1
434. FIGURE 16-2
435. FIGURE 16-3
436. FIGURE 16-4
437. FIGURE 16-5
438. FIGURE 16-6
439. FIGURE 16-7
440. FIGURE 16-8
441. FIGURE 16-9
442. FIGURE 16-10
443. FIGURE 16-11
444. FIGURE 16-12
445. FIGURE 16-13
446. FIGURE 16-14
447. FIGURE 16-15
448. FIGURE 16-16
449. FIGURE 16-17
450. FIGURE 16-18
451. FIGURE 16-19
452. FIGURE 16-20
453. FIGURE 16-21
454. FIGURE 16-22
455. FIGURE 16-23
456. FIGURE 16-24
457. FIGURE 17-1
458. FIGURE 17-2
459. FIGURE 17-3
460. FIGURE 17-4
461. FIGURE 17-5
462. FIGURE 17-6
463. FIGURE 17-7
464. FIGURE 17-8
465. FIGURE 17-9
466. FIGURE 17-10
467. FIGURE 17-11
468. FIGURE 17-12
469. FIGURE 17-13
470. FIGURE 17-14
471. FIGURE 17-15
472. FIGURE 17-16
473. FIGURE 17-17
474. FIGURE 17-18
475. FIGURE 17-19
476. FIGURE 17-20
477. FIGURE 17-21
478. FIGURE 17-22
479. FIGURE 17-23
480. FIGURE 17-24
481. FIGURE 17-25
482. FIGURE 17-26
483. FIGURE 17-27
484. FIGURE 17-28
485. FIGURE 18-1
486. FIGURE 18-2
487. FIGURE 18-3
488. FIGURE 18-4
489. FIGURE 18-5
490. FIGURE 18-6
491. FIGURE 18-7
492. FIGURE 18-8
493. FIGURE 18-9
494. FIGURE 18-10
495. FIGURE 18-11
496. FIGURE 18-12
497. FIGURE 18-13
498. FIGURE 18-14
499. FIGURE 18-15
500. FIGURE 18-16
501. FIGURE 18-17
502. FIGURE 18-18
503. FIGURE 18-19
504. FIGURE 18-20
505. FIGURE 18-21
506. FIGURE 18-22
507. FIGURE 18-23
508. FIGURE 18-24
509. FIGURE 18-25
510. FIGURE 18-26
511. FIGURE 18-27
512. FIGURE 18-28
513. FIGURE 18-29
514. FIGURE 18-30
515. FIGURE 18-31
516. FIGURE 18-32
517. FIGURE 18-33
518. FIGURE 18-34
519. FIGURE 18-35
520. FIGURE 18-36
521. FIGURE 18-37
522. FIGURE 18-38
523. FIGURE 19-1
524. FIGURE 19-2
525. FIGURE 19-3
526. FIGURE 19-4
527. FIGURE 19-5
528. FIGURE 19-6
529. FIGURE 19-7
530. FIGURE 19-8
531. FIGURE 19-9
532. FIGURE 19-10
533. FIGURE 19-11
534. FIGURE 19-12
535. FIGURE 19-13
536. FIGURE 20-1
537. FIGURE 20-2
538. FIGURE 20-3
539. FIGURE 20-4
540. FIGURE 20-5
541. FIGURE 20-6
542. FIGURE 20-7
543. FIGURE 21-1
544. FIGURE 21-2
545. FIGURE 21-3
546. FIGURE 21-4
547. FIGURE 21-5
548. FIGURE 21-6
549. FIGURE 21-7
550. FIGURE 21-8
551. FIGURE 21-9
552. FIGURE 21-10
553. FIGURE 21-11
554. FIGURE 21-12
555. FIGURE 21-13
556. FIGURE 21-14
557. FIGURE 21-15
558. FIGURE 21-16
559. FIGURE 21-17
560. FIGURE 21-18
561. FIGURE 21-19
562. FIGURE 21-20
563. FIGURE 21-21
564. FIGURE 21-22
565. FIGURE 21-23
566. FIGURE 22-1
567. FIGURE 22-2
568. FIGURE 22-3
569. FIGURE 22-4
570. FIGURE 22-5
571. FIGURE 22-6
572. FIGURE 22-7
573. FIGURE 22-8
574. FIGURE 22-9
575. FIGURE 22-10
576. FIGURE 22-11
577. FIGURE 22-12
578. FIGURE 22-13
579. FIGURE 22-14
580. FIGURE 22-15
581. FIGURE 22-16
582. FIGURE 22-17
583. FIGURE 22-18
584. FIGURE 22-19
585. FIGURE 22-20
586. FIGURE 22-21
587. FIGURE 22-22
588. FIGURE 22-23
589. FIGURE 22-24
590. FIGURE 22-25
591. FIGURE 22-26
592. FIGURE 22-27
593. FIGURE 22-28
594. FIGURE 22-29
595. FIGURE 22-30
596. FIGURE 22-31
597. FIGURE 22-32
598. FIGURE 22-33
599. FIGURE 22-34
600. FIGURE 22-35
601. FIGURE 22-36
602. FIGURE 22-37
603. FIGURE 22-38
604. FIGURE 22-39
605. FIGURE 22-40
606. FIGURE 22-41
607. FIGURE 22-42
608. FIGURE 22-43
609. FIGURE 22-44
610. FIGURE 22-45
611. FIGURE 22-46

List of Tables

1. TABLE 22-1: SSIS Catalog Properties

2. TABLE 22-2: Deployment Models
3. TABLE 22-3: DTEXEC Options
4. TABLE 22-4: SSIS Catalog Permissions
5. TABLE 22-5: SSIS Catalog Object Security
6. TABLE 22-6: SSIS Catalog Security Stored Procedures
Chapter 1
Welcome to SQL Server Integration Services
WHAT’S IN THIS CHAPTER?

What’s new to this version of SSIS

Exploring tools you’ll be using in SSIS
Overview of the SSIS architecture
Considering your licensing options around BI with SQL Server

SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS) is the anchor in a growing suite of products that make up the
Microsoft SQL Server Business Intelligence (BI) platform. What makes SSIS so important is without
the data movement and cleansing features that SSIS brings to the table, the other SQL Server BI
products can’t operate. What’s the point of a cube, for example, with bad or inconsistent data? In its
simplest form, SSIS is an enterprise-level, in-memory ETL tool. However, SSIS is not just a fancy
wrapper around an import wizard. In a drag-and-drop development environment, ETL developers
can snap together intricate workflows and out-of-the-box data-cleansing flows that rival custom
coding and expensive million-dollar, third-party tools. The best thing about SSIS is that you have
already paid for it when you license SQL Server.
When we put together the first edition of this book, we were blown away by the new architecture
and capabilities of SSIS. SSIS was a big change from the Data Transformation Services (DTS)
product that it replaced, and there was much to learn. Since the first edition of SSIS, we have
collectively racked up many years of experience converting older DTS packages and mind-sets over
to using it, and trust us when we say that no one who has made the change is asking to go back.
We’ve learned some things, too.
While SQL Server 2012 was a large jump forward for SSIS, SQL Server 2014 has some very small
iterative changes. When we wrote this book, we dug deeply to mine the decades of cumulative
experience working with this product, adding our collective knowledge back into these pages. We
hope you will agree that the result makes your experience with SSIS a more productive one. This
chapter starts from the beginning by providing an overview of SSIS, describing where it fits within
the BI product platform and ETL development in general.

SQL SERVER SSIS HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

In SQL Server 7.0, Microsoft had a small team of developers work on a very understated feature of
SQL Server called Data Transformation Services (DTS). DTS was the backbone of the Import/Export
Wizard, and its primary purpose was to transform data from almost any OLE DB–compliant data
source to almost any destination. It also had the ability to execute programs and run scripts, making
workflow a minor feature.
By the time that SQL Server 2000 was released, DTS had a strong following of DBAs and maybe a
few developers. Microsoft included in the release new features like the Dynamic Properties Task that
enabled you to alter the package dynamically at runtime. Even though DTS utilized extensive logging
along with simple and complex multiphase data pumps, usability studies still showed that developers
had to create elaborate scripts to extend DTS to get what they wanted done. A typical use case was
enabling DTS to load data conditionally based on the existence of a file. To accomplish this in DTS,
you had to use the ActiveX Script Task to code a solution using the file system object in VBScript.
The problem with that was DTS lacked some of the common components needed to support typical
ETL processes. Although it was powerful if you knew how to write scripting code, most DBAs didn’t
have this type of scripting experience (or time).
After five years, Microsoft released the much-touted SQL Server 2005 and SSIS, which was no longer
an understated feature like DTS. With the SQL Server 2008 release, SSIS was given extra scalability
features to help it appeal more to the enterprise. This is entirely appropriate because so much has
been added to SSIS. Microsoft made a huge investment in usability, with simple enhancements to
the toolbox that allow newer users to ramp up easier. The main focus of the newest release of SQL
Server is on the management and deployment of SSIS.

WHAT’S NEW IN SSIS

The scope of the SQL Server 2014 release of SSIS resembles the scope of the SQL Server 2008 R2
release. With the last release of SQL Server 2008 R2, the Microsoft SSIS team did very incremental
changes after a very large SQL Server 2008 release. In SQL Server 2012 release, Microsoft had
focused on SSIS manageability, making it easier to deploy and execute. Also added in 2012 are
robust new data cleansing components that help you standardize and detect data anomalies.
Furthermore, improvements to the development tools will help make SSIS developers more
productive and help new developers get up to speed more easily. The SQL Server 2014 release uses
a newer version of Visual Studio but all in all, it will feel much like SQL Server 2012. You will find
new components in SQL Server 2014 SSIS, but they will have to be downloaded from sites like
CodePlex from the product team and will eventually be rolled into the core product at a future
release.

TOOLS OF THE TRADE

Most of this book will assume that you know nothing about previous releases of SQL Server SSIS.
Instead, it takes a fresh look at SQL Server SSIS. The learning curve can be considered steep at first,
but once you figure out the basics, you’ll be creating complex packages in no time. To provide an
idea of how easy SSIS is to use, the following section looks at a staple tool in the ETL world: the
Import and Export Wizard.

Import and Export Wizard

If you need to move data quickly from almost any OLE DB–compliant data source or flat file to a
destination, you can use the SSIS Import and Export Wizard (shown in Figure 1-1). In fact, many
SSIS packages are born this way, but most packages you wish to keep in a BI solution should not be
created with the wizard. The wizard provides a quick way to move data and perform very light
transformations of data but does not create packages that use best practices. The wizard is available
in all editions of SQL Server except the Local Database edition and Express. It enables you to persist
the logic of the data movement into a package file. The basic concept of an import/export wizard
has not changed substantially from the days of DTS. You still have the option to check all the tables
you want to transfer. In addition, however, you can also encapsulate the entire transfer of data into a
single transaction.
FIGURE 1-1
Where do you find the wizard? It depends. If you just need to perform a quick import or export,
access the wizard directly from the Start menu by navigating to Start ⇒ Microsoft SQL Server “2014”
⇒ Import and Export Data. The other option is to open a project in the SSIS development
environment and select Project ⇒ SSIS Import and Export Wizard. We cover this in detail in Chapter
2. Before we get into all the mechanics for that, see Figure 1-1 for an example of the wizard that has
bulk loaded tables.

The SQL Server Data Tools Experience

The SQL Server Data Tools (SSDT) was previously called Business Intelligence Development Studio
(BIDS) in SQL Server 2008, and it is the central environment in which you’ll spend most of your time
as an SSIS developer. SSDT is just a specialized use of the familiar Visual Studio development
environment. In SQL Server 2014, SSDT no longer installs when you install SQL Server. Instead,
you’ll have to download and install the SQL Server Data Tools (Business Intelligence for Visual
Studio) from the Microsoft website. At the time of this publication, SQL Server 2014 can use the
Visual Studio 2012 and 2013 versions to design SSIS packages. Visual Studio can host many
different project types, from Console applications to Class Libraries and Windows applications.
Although you may see many project types when you create a project, SSDT actually contains project
templates for only Analysis Services, Integration Services, Report Server, and variants thereof. SSIS
in particular uses a BI project type called an Integration Services project (see Figure 1-2), which
provides a development design surface with a completely ETL-based set of tools in the Toolbox
window.
FIGURE 1-2
This development environment is similar to the legacy DTS Designer, but the approach is completely
different. Most important, this is a collaborative development environment just like any Visual Studio
development effort, with full source code management, version control, and multi-user project
management. SSIS solutions are developed just like all other .NET development solutions, including
being persisted to files — in this case, XML file structures with a .DSTX file extension. You can even
develop within the SSDT environment without a connection to a SQL Server instance using the
offline mode. Once your solution is complete, it can be built and deployed to one or multiple target
SQL servers. These changes from DTS to SSIS are crucial to establishing the discipline and best
practices of existing software development methodologies as you develop business intelligence
solutions. We’ll discuss this SSDT development interface in more detail in Chapter 2.

SSIS ARCHITECTURE
Microsoft has truly established SSIS as a major player in the extraction, transformation, and loading
(ETL) market. Not only is the SSIS technology a complete code rewrite from SQL Server 2000 DTS, it
now rivals other third-party ETL tools that can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars depending on
how you scale the software — and it is included free with the purchase of SQL Server 2014. Free
always sounds great, but most free products can take you only so far if the feature set is minimal or
the toolset has usability, scalability, or enterprise performance limitations. SSIS, however, is the real
deal, satisfying typical ETL requirements with an architecture that has evolved dramatically from
earlier incarnations. At the time of this publication, SSIS held the world speed record of loading more
than 2 terabytes in a single hour.

Packages
A core component of SSIS is the notion of a package. A package best parallels an executable
program that you can write that contains workflow and business logic. Essentially, a package is a
collection of tasks snapped together to execute in an orderly fashion. A package is also a unit of
execution and development, much like a .NET developer creates programs or DLL files. Precedence
constraints are used to connect the tasks together and manage the order in which they execute,
based on what happens in each task or based on rules defined by the package developer. The
package is brought together into a .DTSX file that is actually an XML-structured file with collections
of properties. Just like other .NET projects, the file-based code is marked up using the development
environment and can then be saved and deployed to a SQL Server.
Don’t worry; you won’t have to know how to write this type of XML to create a package. That’s what
the designer is for. The point here is that the SSIS package is an XML-structured file, much like .RDL
files are to Reporting Services. Of course, there is much more to packages than that, and you’ll
explore the other elements of packages, such as event handlers, later in this chapter.

Control Flow
The brain of a package is its Control Flow, which orchestrates the order of execution for all its
components. The components consist of tasks and containers and are controlled by precedence
constraints, discussed later in this chapter. For example, Figure 1-3 shows three tasks that are tied
together with two precedence constraints.

FIGURE 1-3

Tasks
A task can best be described as an individual unit of work. Tasks provide functionality to your
package, in much the same way that a method does in a programming language. However, in SSIS,
you aren’t coding the methods; rather, you are dragging and dropping them onto a design surface
and configuring them. You can develop your own tasks, but here are the current ETL tasks available
to you out of the box:

Analysis Services Execute DDL Task: Executes a DDL Task in Analysis Services. For
example, this can create, drop, or alter a cube (Enterprise and Developer Editions only).
 Analysis Services Processing Task: This task processes a SQL Server Analysis Services
cube, dimension, or mining model.
Bulk Insert Task: Loads data into a table by using the BULK INSERT SQL command.
CDC Control Task: Maintains and interacts with the change data capture (CDC) feature from
SQL Server.
Data Flow Task: This very specialized task loads and transforms data into an OLE DB and
ADO.NET destination.
Data Mining Query Task: Allows you to run predictive queries against your Analysis Services
data-mining models.
Data Profiling Task: This exciting task enables the examination of data; it replaces your ad
hoc data profiling techniques.
Execute Package Task: Allows you to execute a package from within a package, making your
SSIS packages modular.
Execute Process Task: Executes a program external to your package, such as one to split
your extract file into many files before processing the individual files.
Execute SQL Task: Executes a SQL statement or stored procedure.
Expression Task: Sets a variable to an expression at runtime.
File System Task: This task can handle directory operations such as creating, renaming, or
deleting a directory. It can also manage file operations such as moving, copying, or deleting
files.
FTP Task: Sends or receives files from an FTP site.
Message Queue Task: Sends or receives messages from a Microsoft Message Queue (MSMQ).
Script Task: This task enables you to perform .NET-based scripting in the Visual Studio Tools
for Applications programming environment.
Send Mail Task: Sends a mail message through SMTP.
Web Service Task: Executes a method on a web service.
WMI Data Reader Task: This task can run WQL queries against the Windows Management
Instrumentation. This enables you to read the event log, get a list of applications that are
installed, or determine hardware that is installed, to name a few examples.
WMI Event Watcher Task: This task empowers SSIS to wait for and respond to certain WMI
events that occur in the operating system.
XML Task: Parses or processes an XML file. It can merge, split, or reformat an XML file.

Also included are a whole set of DBA-oriented tasks that enable you to create packages that can be
used to maintain your SQL Server environment. These tasks perform functions such as transferring
your SQL Server databases, backing up your database, or shrinking the database. Each of the
available tasks is described in Chapter 3 in much more detail, and you will see them in other
examples throughout the book.
Tasks are extensible, and you can create your own custom tasks in .NET if you need a workflow item
that doesn’t exist or if you have a common scripting function that can benefit from reuse in your
package development. To learn more about this topic, see Chapter 19.

NOTE There’s a thriving ecosystem of third-party components that are available for SSIS. If you
are looking for a task or Data Flow component that doesn’t exist out of the box, be sure to first
search online before creating your own. Some examples of these components include support
 for SFTP, SalesForce.com communication, SharePoint integration, and compression of files to
name just a few.

Precedence Constraints
Precedence constraints are package components that direct tasks to execute in a given order. In
fact, precedence constraints are the connectors that not only link tasks together but also define the
workflow of your SSIS package. A constraint controls the execution of the two linked tasks by
executing the destination task based upon the final state of the prior task and business rules that are
defined using special expressions. The expression language embedded in SSIS essentially replaces
the need to control workflow using script-based methodologies that enable and disable tasks, as was
used in the DTS legacy solution. With expressions, you can direct the workflow of your SSIS package
based on all manner of given conditions. You’ll look at many examples of using these constraints
throughout this book.
To set up a precedence constraint between two tasks, you must set the constraint value; optionally,
you can set an expression. The following sections provide a brief overview of the differences
between the two.
Constraint values define how the package will react when the prior task of two linked tasks
completes an execution. The options define whether the destination task of two linked tasks should
execute based solely on how the prior task completes. Three constraint values are possible:

Success: A task that’s chained to another task with this constraint will execute only if the prior
task completes successfully. These precedence constraints are colored green.
Completion: A task that’s chained to another task with this constraint will execute if the prior
task completes, whether or not the prior task succeeds or fails. These precedence constraints
are colored blue.
Failure: A task that’s chained to another task with this constraint will execute only if the prior
task fails to complete. This type of constraint is usually used to notify an operator of a failed
event. These precedence constraints are colored red.

You can also conditionally tie tasks together by writing logic on a precedence constraint. This is done
by placing an SSIS expression language (resembles C#) on the precedence constraint. For example,
you might specify that a task should run only at the end of each month. To do this, you would add
an expression that evaluated the runtime of the package to determine if the next step should be run.
Much more about writing expressions can be found in Chapter 5.

Containers
Containers are core units in the SSIS architecture for grouping tasks together logically into units of
work. Besides providing visual consistency, containers enable you to define variables and event
handlers (these are discussed in a moment) within the scope of the container, instead of the
package. There are four types of containers in SSIS:

Task Host Container: Not a visible element that you’ll find in the Toolbox, but rather an
abstract concept like an interface.
Sequence Container: Allows you to group tasks into logical subject areas. Within the
development environment, you can then collapse or expand this container for usability.
For Loop Container: Loops through a series of tasks until a condition is met.
Foreach Loop Container: Loops through a series of files or records in a data set, and then
executes the tasks in the container for each record in the collection.
Because containers are so integral to SSIS development, Chapter 6 is devoted to them. As you read
through the book, you’ll see many real-world examples that demonstrate how to use each of these
container types for typical ETL development tasks.

Data Flow
The core strength of SSIS is its capability to extract data into the server’s memory, transform it, and
write it out to an alternative destination. If the Control Flow is the brains of SSIS, then the Data Flow
would be its heart. The in-memory architecture is what helps SSIS scale and what makes SSIS run
faster than staging data and running stored procedures. Data sources are the conduit for these data
pipelines, and they are represented by connections that can be used by sources or destinations once
they’ve been defined. A data source uses connections that are OLE DB–compliant and ADO.NET data
sources such as SQL Server, Oracle, DB2, or even nontraditional data sources, such as Analysis
Services and Outlook. The data sources can be in scope to a single SSIS package or shared across
multiple packages in a project.
All the characteristics of the connection are defined in the Connection Manager. The Connection
Manager dialog options vary according to the type of connection you’re trying to configure. Figure 1-
4 shows you what a typical connection to SQL Server would look like.

FIGURE 1-4
Connection Managers are used to centralize connection strings to data sources and to abstract them
from the SSIS packages themselves. They can be shared across multiple packages in a project or
isolated to a single package. Connection Managers also allow you to externalize the configuration of
them at runtime by your DBA with a configuration file or parameters (which we’ll describe in Chapter
Random documents with unrelated
content Scribd suggests to you:
The tower presently was set in the space of a street. Alan could see
very little of the city's extent—a street of many pedestrian levels one
above the other, flanked with great lights.
The street had come into being, risen around the tower—endured for
a moment. And then, as though leprous, it began dismembering. A
portion of it melting away; then another. But other buildings—other
viaducts—other towers rose to fill up the gaps. And always larger
structures.

The tower now seemed traveling faster. Alan could imagine the city—
this one vast roof with the rivers flowing beneath it. Staten Island
with the space of Turber's hospital, was doubtless under this same
roof. And all the upper bay; and the New Jersey shore of the Hudson;
and Brooklyn and all this end of Long Island.
Incredible millions of people, living here in this enormous, monstrous
beehive—living pallid; some of them perhaps, in the poverty-stricken
sections, never having seen the moon save as its light might struggle
through their translucent roof; not knowing the sunlight rays; never
having seen the sea, with only gloomy rivers flowing through tunnels
to represent it; wondering, perchance, what grass might be, and
things that people richer and more traveled spoke of as trees. Pallid
people of the monstrous city, slaves to their own machinery!
Alan clung to the balcony rail, with Lea beside him. Her hand was on
his arm as though to steady him. Occasionally she met his glance and
smiled; or gestured to indicate the gray shifting wonders of the scene
around them.
Alan noticed now that in this constricted area where the tower was
set, there seemed few changes. These vast structures, of a material
the engineers of this age may fatuously have termed indestructible,
were enduring over larger periods. They melted away occasionally
and others took their places. But the form was about the same.
As though now mankind here were resting. The peak of civilization
here, and perhaps upon all the earth, was reached. Man resting upon
the summit of his achievements. But in nature there is no rest! A
thousand years, here upon civilization's summit. And then—a little
step backward! Mankind, softened by ceasing to advance, turning
decadent. A little backward step.
As though this city here were a symbol of it, Alan could see the
decline. A rift in the street—and it was not rebuilt. Another rift. A
leprous slash—a hole that gave Alan a wide extent of vista to the
east.
Doubtless, upon an earth so unified by transportation as this age
must have been, it was not only New York decaying—but also a
decadence of all mankind over all the world. Alan saw it here. By
what might have been the year 5000 A.D., the shadows of the vast
city lay in ruins around the tower. Broken buildings, crumbling visibly
as Alan stared at them. Fallen roof—the whole ramified and multiform
structure everywhere lowering as nature pulled it down. It lay piled in
shadowy mangled fragments.
There were trees now! Vegetation springing up. A wild, neglected
growth. A forest growing in the ruins of the city, where the occasional
broken spires still stood like headstones; and then melted down.
The forest grew around the tower; the city was almost buried. Lea
plucked at Alan. She murmured something.
"Shall we go down?" he said.
She smiled. She said, quite distinctly, "Yes."
She led him down the ladder. He felt more secure now. There was no
sense of movement of the tower; the ladder-steps were firm and
solid. Alan saw the forest melting. A sylvan landscape seemed
coming.
In the lower tower room they found San still intent upon his dials. He
drew Alan over and indicated that single dial which to Alan was
legible. It marked 6650 A.D. The pointer was traveling much faster
than when Alan had seen it before; but as he watched it now he
could see that it was slackening. He sat regarding it; listening to the
musical, unintelligible words of his two companions.
Then they gave him food and drink. And Lea again examined his
bruised shoulder and the gash on his head. But they were not
serious; he had forgotten them.
6700 A.D. 6800 A.D. The tower's flight was slowing; the hum of the
room seemed progressively at a lower pitch. They were nearing their
destination; preparing to stop in 7012.

Alan's mind again went to Nanette and me. Where were we in all
these whirling years? A sense of loneliness, depression swept him. He
felt utterly baffled, helpless. But he tried to shake it off. He said
aloud, as though to cheer himself:
"Lea—see here—I've got to talk to you. Understand?" It seemed
almost that she did. "My sister, Nanette—that villain Turber has her—
he's always wanted her, understand? I've got to get her back, Lea.
Damn it, I've got to find him—get her away from him!"
But all Lea could do was touch him sympathetically.
Baffled. This cursed barrier of language! "Lea, what is Turber to
you?"
San, with readier wit, pointed again to the dial. Indicated 7012, and
then gestured to his lips.
Alan nodded. "Yes, I understand—when we get there we can talk."
They came to the year 7000. Traveling slowly now.
Then Lea had an idea. In the automobile, coming from Staten Island,
she had been wrapped in Nanette's cloak. It was discarded now; but
it lay here in the tower room. She picked it up and stood before Alan.
Fragile, beautiful little creature! The soft folds of the sky-blue drapery
fell about her figure; the golden tresses lay in a mass over her
shoulders. Her eyes, clear pale blue as a morning sky, were fixed on
Alan. A wave of emotion swept him; it seemed that he had never
seen a girl so beautiful.
"Nanette," she said, lifting the cloak.
"Yes," he responded. "Nanette's cloak. I understand. But what—"
She took Alan's finger and moved it over the dial. Aimlessly. She said:
"Nanette—Turber—Edward—"
And shook her head. She did not know where we were. But then she
indicated the cloak again, and smiled, and said, "Yes—yes."
What could she mean by that? Was she trying to convey that with
Nanette's cloak they would be able to learn where Nanette was? It
seemed so.
A tenseness had come to San. He was alert at his mechanisms. He
spoke sharply to Lea. Her hand went to Alan, steadying him. Alan
braced himself. San flung a switch-lever. The tower seemed almost to
lurch physically.
They had reached their destination. Alan's senses had suddenly
reeled; but they cleared at once. The tower room was vibrationless;
the hum was stilled. San opened the door. A warm sunlight streamed
in.
The Space of Central Park, five thousand years in our future!
Lea and San led Alan from the tower.

CHAPTER VII
OATH OF VENGEANCE

They went down a flight of stone steps to the ground. Alan found
that the tower now was set in the midst of a garden of gloriously
vivid blossoms. The air was redolent with their perfume. A brook of
sunlit water flowed near by. There were cool bushes and shade trees,
green and brown; cool green lawns of sward; little winding paths.
A garden of a few acres. It was all inclosed by a wall of masonry—a
wall some twenty or thirty feet high, looped and turreted. The figure
of a man was on the top of the wall, over a gateway fairly near at
hand. As they stepped from the tower his arm went up with a
gesture of recognition.
Realization swept Alan. This garden, this wall, this pacing sentry—all
this we had seen on the television. We had witnessed then the
tower's departure; by some vagary of Nature's laws the etheric waves
carrying this image had come to us of 1945.
They passed through the gateway of the wall. The guard on its top
called down something; and stared at Alan curiously as they passed
through.
Beyond the wall a sylvan landscape was spread to Alan's gaze. The
Space of Manhattan Island. He could still recognize it. A river behind
him. Another river ahead a mile or so. The Hudson shimmering in its
valley. He could see the cliffs of its further bank.
Near at hand the open country was dotted with trees, checkered with
round patches of cultivated fields. There were figures working in the
fields. And occasional habitations—low, oval houses of green thatch.
A road of dull smooth white wound from this gateway over the
countryside toward the river. Animals, strange of aspect, were slowly
dragging carts.
A city was off there, along this nearer bank of the river—a stretch of
houses more closely set. City! It seemed some primitive village. All
this—primitive; as though here might be some lost Indian tribe of our
early ages. The field workers, garbed in vivid colors. Their squat little
carts, slow-moving with broad-horned oxen. The quiet village strung
along the calm-flowing river. All picturesque and primitive.
But Alan knew it was not barbarism, but decadence. Civilization had
reached its summit, and declined. Fallen back, to this.
Lea was in advance of Alan and San. She turned into a small
gateway. They passed through a garden profuse with flowers. A low
house stood here, half hidden by the verdure. An old man was at the
doorway—a stalwart old fellow with a furious white beard; a shaggy
white mane of hair; a robe of sober gray, monklike with its rope
about his bulging middle.
He greeted Lea and San with a gesture of affection. He stared open-
mouthed at Alan. Lea explained to him swiftly. And then came relief
to Alan. This old patriarch spoke what he doubtless called the ancient
English. He said slowly, with a meticulous, careful intonation:
"I thank you for saving Lea from Wolf Turber."
"But we've got to locate them," Alan insisted. "How can we? With this
cloak? Yes, it belongs to my sister."
"I will take you shortly to my instrument room," said the old man. "I
have had Lentz, my assistant, preparing the Time-vision—we cannot
do it more quickly."

They had talked now for perhaps half an hour—old Powl, as he was
called, interpreting for Lea and San. He was their grandfather. It was
he who had discovered the secret of this Time-traveling tower. He
had built it; and had constructed also a series of instruments which
he called Time-vision. He was, in this age of decadence, one of the
few living scientists. And he was a language student as well—he had
trained himself in many of the dead languages of the past.
"My son," Powl said, "the father of Lea and San took my tower and
once stopped in the year you call about 1925. He paused for just a
moment, but when he returned here there was found a young man
with him. A stowaway, as you would call it. That man was Wolf
Turber."
It was all presently clear to Alan. Turber had come here; had stolen
the secret of the tower and the Time-vision, and getting followers
had built himself his Time-vehicle—and departed.
"He said he was in love with Lea. But she was afraid of him—his
attentions were unwelcome. We told him so."
Like Nanette! "I understand," said Alan bitterly. "My sister—"
"He has her now, you tell me. That is bad. You must get her back.
And kill him."
The old man's mild blue eyes suddenly flashed. Lea spoke. He
interpreted.
"She says, I must tell you—we have sworn to kill Turber. He
murdered my son—father of Lea and San. Stole our platinum treasure
—and murdered my son, who was defending it."
Alan thought he had never heard such intensity as came into the old
man's voice. "We are careful with our tower—we do nothing evil with
it. Turber's vehicle is all for evil. My son died—and there as he died
we swore—myself and Lea and San—that some time we would kill
Turber and destroy his vehicle."
Lea and San understood what he was saying. They stood beside him,
with faces white and solemn. He added: "But there seems little that
we can do. There are no weapons here. We have no need in this age
for any scientific weapons. I cannot travel in the tower—I am too old
to stand the shock. San must always stay with it—to guard it. And so
it all falls to Lea. She has passed through the different ages in the
tower. There are weapons in the Past, of course. But I have not
wanted Lea to stop. And Turber is very powerful, very elusive."
Lea interrupted again. Powl said: "We know that Turber has a strong-
hold in the year 2445 A.D."
"Five hundred years in the future of my Time-world," said Alan.
"Yes. Your city of New York is then about at its height. Turber is
powerful there—impregnable. There is only one other Time in which
Turber habitually stops. The year 1945. Lea went there. But it was
foolish, we all realize now. As you know—she could accomplish
nothing. And but for you, Turber would have had her!"
Again Lea interrupted. Powl translated: "She wants me to say that
now she will learn your Ancient English. There are so many dead
languages—but she is very quick to learn—when interested."
"Interested?" said Alan. His gaze went to Lea's eager face. A wave of
color swept her; but her eyes remained level and she held out her
hand. Its touch thrilled Alan. As though the clasp were sealing a
compact; unspoken, but he could read her eyes and feel, surprisingly,
the sudden answer in his own heart.
San, too, held out his hand. Powl said: "My children find in you a
friend—sorely needed." Again the old man's eyes flashed. "We have
sworn that Turber will die. He has your sister, and your friend. Your
own purpose—"
"To get them back," said Alan. "But where is he? I don't think he will
return to 1945. You say he is impregnable in 2445—"
"Yes. But he is not there now. If he stops—in some earlier age, as we
hope—then will be your opportunity."

A man came to the doorway of the room, spoke to Powl, and

disappeared. Powl stood up. He said, with brisk energy:
"The instruments are ready. Turber, we think, is still traveling in time.
We will try, with your sister's cloak, to locate him as soon as he stops
anywhere."
They left the house, crossing the gardens toward an outbuilding in
which was the instrument room. Alan's mind was tumultuous with his
thoughts. This incredible catastrophe into which so unexpectedly he
and those he loved had fallen! Alan had always been one to walk
alone in life. He made few friends; his friendship for me, his love for
Nanette—to these he could now add an emotion, as yet barely
understood, his feeling for Lea.
Into this, his world, Turber had suddenly thrust himself, abducting
Nanette; capturing, perhaps killing me. What could Alan do about it?
Suppose they located the Time-world to which Turber had gone? Alan
could go there—with this girl Lea to help him and San to guard the
tower. Hopeless adventure! He had one small weapon, his revolver.
And a frail girl for companion. There seemed no one else from whom
he could get help. No one in this Time-world of Lea's.
His mind roved the possibility of getting help elsewhere. His own
world of 1945? Who could he get there to do more than smile
incredulously at his fantastic tale? He envisaged all the other
centuries. But to go to any one of them for help—for weapons and
men—was hardly practical. He would be a stranger; he would fall into
a strange civilization with only this same incredible story to aid him.
He would be imprisoned perhaps—or, at best, be disregarded as a
lunatic.
Lea had faced all this. She had tried it in 1945. It was not feasible.
Alan saw now that he would have to depend upon himself. The tower
would transport him. The rest lay with himself, his own wits. He felt
that very probably I was dead. He would rescue Nanette from
Turber's clutches if he could. For the rest—this oath of vengeance
sworn by Lea and her brother against Turber—Alan gritted his teeth;
and as he thought of Nanette's gentle beauty and Turber's grinning,
satanic visage, he swore to himself a similar oath. He would kill
Turber if he could!
"This way," said Powl. "Stoop down—you are so tall for our door
openings."
It was a low-vaulted room, dimly illumined. A laboratory crowded
with strangely fashioned apparatus. Powl made no attempt at
explanation of his devices. Nor was Alan interested, except in one—
the Time-vision which might disclose Nanette.
"My assistant," said Powl. "He is called Lentz—he speaks a little of
your ancient language."
A man of about thirty rose from a seat before one of the instruments.
He offered his hand. Powl added to Alan:
"You may speak openly before Lentz. He is my trusted helper—the
only person besides ourselves who knows the secrets of my Time-
vision and of the tower."
He was an undersized, heavy-set fellow, garbed in a short robe like
San's. His black hair was clipped close on a bullet head. He wore
goggles which now were pushed up on his forehead.
"I speak very little," he said as he shook hands. "I am ready if it is
you have the cloak."
The tubes of this instrument might have been Neon lamps by their
aspect. There were coils; a multiplicity of wires; a tiny series of
amplifiers; a system of prisms and mirrors; beams of lights, whirling
from tiny mirrors swiftly rotating. There was a metal tube like a small
microscope; a rack beneath it, upon which a dull red light was
focused. There were rows of dials—tuning dials, and indicators; and a
large fluorescent screen which seemed under electronic
bombardment from the rear. The whole apparatus occupied a table
some six feet long, with the dials to one side and the screen upright
at its end.

Lentz placed Nanette's cloak upon the rack; he focused the red light
upon it; then stood gazing into the eyepiece of the tube as one might
gaze into a microscope.
Lea and San stood by Alan. Lea gestured toward the screen; it was
empty of image. Then she pointed to one of the dials. Alan saw it
bore figures he could understand—figures ranging over thousands of
centuries. Some of it B.C.; the rest A.D. There was a point on it
marked zero. The indicator stood there at rest.
"Your ancient calendar," said Powl. "With this garment belonging to
your sister we may be able to tune our receivers and make
connection. The image of her is here in the ether—if we can adjust to
it."
Lentz was twirling the tuning knobs. The pointers on all the dials
stirred a little; images seemed trying to form on the fluorescent
screen.
A minute. Ten minutes. Then Lentz relaxed.
"Not now," he said. "It will not come. Presently we try again."
"They may still be traveling," said Powl. "It would be difficult to get
the image—"
They waited; then tried again, but failed. Where was Nanette?
Despair flooded Alan. Over all these diversified centuries, how could
they ever find her? She seemed so hopelessly far away. And yet he
realized not far in Space. A few miles from here probably, no more.
"We will never find her," said Lentz.
Alan gazed at him sharply. "You think not?"
"No." The fellow seemed confused under Alan's eyes. "That I mean—
I hope so, but it seems not."
"We must keep trying," said Powl. "The other instrument is more
sensitive. Have you the tubes for it connected?"
"No," said Lentz.
The tubes were in an adjoining room. Lentz went in to prepare them.
The connecting door was open; Alan heard Lentz moving about, and
heard presently the hiss and snap of a current as he charged the
tubes.
San and Lea sat murmuring together in low tones. They addressed
Powl. He listened. He said to Alan:
"Lea wants me to explain—if Turber takes your sister directly to the
great city of 2445, still it is not quite hopeless. We think we have
located a weapon—a single very powerful weapon—"
The old man's voice lowered. Lea and San bent forward intently.
There was a weapon—a projector, Powl called it—which was
mentioned in history. It had been built as an historical curiosity. It
stood in a museum of Greater New York. The contemporary history of
that Time—when weapons of such a kind were long since abandoned
—said that this specimen in the museum was in perfect working
order. Its operation was described. It was scientifically preserved in
the museum against the ravages of time.
Lea and San—traveling in their tower—had seen the Time-world
when the city was crumbled into ruins. The museum was abandoned;
there would be no one there to stop Lea if she went and searched in
the ruins of the museum for the projector.
Powl was talking very softly. A tenseness was on him.
"This we have told no one."
"What Time-world?" Alan asked.
"We think the best year to try for it would be about 5000 A.D."
It chanced that of the four of them, only Alan was facing the doorway
of the connecting room. The sound of Lentz moving about was
suddenly stilled. The realization of that struck Alan.
A segment of the other room was visible through the open door;
Lentz was not in sight, but it seemed as though a shadow of him lay
on the floor near the doorway.
Alan whispered sharply, "Quiet." He leaped to his feet; he darted
noiselessly across the room with the startled glances of his
companions upon him. Beyond the doorway he came upon Lentz
standing close against the wall. A tube was in his hand; he was
polishing it with a piece of cloth.
"Oh," said Alan. "I didn't know you were here."
"The instrument will be ready quite shortly." Lentz moved back to his
work.
Alan returned to his seat. He murmured to Powl: "Let's talk about
that later—not now."
Lea touched his arm. She whispered: "Yes—yes, understand—not
now."
The thing startled them all. There was a brief silence; they could hear
Lentz moving normally about the other room.
Alan asked Powl at last: "Can you operate your instrument here?
Without Lentz to do it?"
"Lea and San can," said Powl. "Though not so well as Lentz."
"Let's try it again, but wait a minute."
Alan went to the door. "Lentz, how soon will you be ready?"
Lentz looked up from his work. "Quite shortly."
"Good. I'll close this door. Knock when you're ready." He ignored the
fellow's surprise, and dropped the door closed with a bang.
"Now," said Alan. "Try it."
With Nanette's cloak again, Lea and San tried the instrument. Almost
at once results came. The screen showed an image. A starlit night. A
forest glade. Turber's aero lay glistening in the starlight. Figures were
moving about the glade. Strangely garbed, burly figures of men; and
a group of half-naked, feathered savages stood near by, upon the
shore of a river. A canoe lay there. To one side, a camp fire showed
its dull yellow light through the forest underbrush.
There was an air of inactivity about the scene. Turber came presently
and stood in the cabin doorway of the aero. His familiar hunched
figure, with the starlight on him and a yellow-red glow from the camp
fire. Turber, waiting here for something!
The dial marked 1664 A.D. Powl was trembling with eagerness. Lea
and San snapped off the instrument. San had recognized the location
of the scene. It was the Hudson River shore of Manhattan Island, no
more than a mile from the tower-space. Powl said hurriedly: "San has
the exact reading—the year, month and day. Turber will not expect
you, that night there in the forest. If you can creep up on him with
your revolver—"
It might be possible, in the gloom of the forest, to get up to the aero
unobserved.
They made a few hurried preparations. San and Lea would not be
able to talk with Alan; they made their plans now, with Powl for
interpreter. Back at the tower, Powl stood by its steps.
"Good-by. Do your best." He gripped Alan's hand.
The tower door closed upon Alan, Lea and San. A moment, and they
had started. The room reeled, but this time Alan was prepared for it.
He recovered in a moment. He stood by Lea and smiled. He said:
"Not so bad this time."
"No," said Lea. "All right."
There was a sound in the humming, vibrating room. A rustling behind
them. From a shadowed corner a figure rose up.
Lentz! His swart face was smiling. He was by the door. He had
followed them in. He said to Alan: "I thought better I come, so I can
talk for you and them. We must plan carefully what we do. I want to
help you."

CHAPTER VIII

UNFATHOMABLE SCOUNDREL

I must go back now to that time at dawn in Central Park, when we

were set upon by Turber and his men. I recall that something struck
me and I fell. Turber was holding Nanette. I caught him by the legs
as I went down, but he kicked me off. Then I was struck again and
everything went black.
When I recovered consciousness I was lying on a bunk in a small
cabin of Turber's aero. I seemed not greatly hurt. I sat up, wholly
confused at first; then lay down again, listening to the hum of the
room, feeling the metal bunk vibrating beneath me.
My head was roaring; my hair was matted with blood from a ragged
scalp wound, and I was sore and bruised all over. But I lay and felt
my strength coming back.
I was alone in the tiny cabin. It was not much more than twice the
size of the bed. There was a vague silver glow in it; I could see a
small window with a transparent pane. And a door. The door stood
ajar.
I got to the floor on my feet and stood swaying dizzily. I felt queerly
light-headed—as though I were about to float away. My revolver was
gone; so were my overcoat and hat and outer jacket.
I lurched to the window. The aero seemed poised a hundred feet or
so above the ground. I gazed, incredulous, at a blurred, shifting,
melting landscape.
The aero was traveling in Time. But I recall that in my confusion, only
half conscious, I could not realize what this might mean. And
suddenly I was faint. I tumbled back onto the cot. I fainted—or
drifted away into sleep.
I was awakened by a sound near me. I sat up abruptly, this time fully
conscious and clear-headed. Turber stood in the cabin regarding me.
"Well, you've come to yourself at last?"
I sank back on one elbow. "Yes. What are you doing to me?" I gulped
with a sudden thought. "Where is—where's Nanette?"
"So you're worried about her? Be consoled—she's worried about you.
And she has cause."
He stood toying with his ribbon, dangling his glasses. He was dressed
as I had seen him at the hospital. He regarded me sardonically.
"You're alive—let that suffice."
I moved to get up, but he waved me back. "Don't bother. You will
annoy us if you come out. Are you hungry?"
"No," I said.
"Nanette and I will be breakfasting presently."
I added, "I am hungry."
That amused him. My mind was active now—fully alert. I asked:
"We're traveling in Time, aren't we? Where are we going? What do
you want with Nanette and me? This is all very strange."
I was trying to gauge him. I managed a smile, as though my
situation were annoying, but nothing more. "Shall I come out and
have something to eat with you?"
His smile broadened. Satanic scoundrel. Inscrutable. He said:
"Yes. I'll call you." And then his whole face changed as though a
mask had dropped upon it. He rasped: "You, Edward Williams—what
are you to Nanette?"
It took me wholly by surprise. I stammered: "Why, an old friend."
"Yes?" He changed again. He purred it. His hunched shoulders were
exaggerated as he leaned forward, and his fingers were
unconsciously stroking his waist-coat. "Yes? Nothing more than that?"
More than that! It flooded me now; I knew in that instant what all my
life I had not known before—how dear Nanette had grown to me—of
all the world, most dear.
I must have been stammering. He cut me short. "Strange that Fate
should have delivered you into my hands." Purring again; he seemed
like a cat, licking his lips. His eyes roved me. "She loves you."
I gathered my wits. "What are you talking about? Nanette love me?
What nonsense!" My tone sounded hollow; his black gaze was boring
into me. I said boldly: "Why should it bother you?"

I wondered why he had not already killed me. He answered, not only
my question, but almost my thought.
"A girl who amounts to nothing, but it happens that I love her. Wolf
Turber—the great Wolf Turber—you would not think it of me, would
you?"
Unfathomable fellow! There was almost sincerity mixed with the irony
of his tone. "And because I want her love—she has just a little hold
over me." He added wryly: "I've just now promised her I would not
kill you. She thinks of nothing else, so I promised her—to get it off
her mind."
I managed, "Well, I thank you both."
"You need not. Her brother Alan—there is no complication with him
since we left him dead back there in the park."
It sent a shudder over me; but somehow I did not believe it.
A man stood at the door. "Wolf Turber, will you come?"
"Coming, Jonas."
Turber leaned smilingly over me. Against all my will, I shrank back
from his grinning, massive face.
"I will not kill you. But this you need not mention to Nanette—there
are things not so pleasant as being swiftly killed. We will take you
with us. She and I—we'll take you to my great city. And when we get
there she will see you as a hideous object, Williams." His chuckle was
gruesome. "If she has love in her heart for you, it will vanish when
she beholds you as you will be then."
He straightened. "Lie where you are. When I call you can come out—
if you promise not to be troublesome."
He closed the door upon me.

CHAPTER IX
THE WOMAN JOSEFA
This Time-voyage in the Turber aero seemed in duration four or five
hours. Crowded hours! A cosmorama of whirling eons. Turber flung
us far backward in Time. I did not see any of this part of the trip. I
lay in the cabin, pondering what Turber had said—wondering what I
could do to escape with Nanette. And wondering if Alan really were
dead.
Then Turber called me for the meal. I found Nanette white and
solemn and very silent. She spoke to me, casually, it seemed
cautiously. I had always known Nanette to have a will of her own;
and she was nimble-witted. I saw now that she was wholly on her
guard. She was silent, apparently docile with Turber. Watchful. She
found opportunity once to press my hand. And to murmur, "Careful,
Edward—do not anger him."
A new mood was upon Turber. He seemed in a high good humor. He
was courtly with Nanette. Pleasant enough with me; but there was an
edge of irony to his pleasantness.
"A long trip, Williams, but we are comfortable enough. If you cause
no trouble you may sit in the control room later. A wonderful view
from there."
I asked, "Where are we going?"
"Nowhere," he said. "In Space we are not moving. I have us poised
over what you and I used to call the shore of the Hudson River. You
remember it? About the foot of Eightieth Street."
He seemed pleased to talk—probably for Nanette's benefit, to please
his vanity by exalting himself. "I'm taking us back in Time—back near
the beginning of life on this earth. Then coming forward. I have
several stops to make. Mere pauses—though in the year 1664 we
shall have to make a longer stop. Stay there perhaps for the passing
of a night. It's a quaint world here, in 1664." He chuckled. "It is to
yield me, I hope, quite a little treasure. Gold and jewels. Money, as
you know, is an all-powerful thing."
There were just the three of us at the meal. The interior of this
hundred-foot aero was capacious, but there seemed only a few
people on board. Turber once made reference to the fact that upon
this, his last passing, we had many people to gather. But what few I
now saw made a motley crew indeed! There were several men,
brown, white, hairy of body, clothed in crude animal skins; heads
which showed retreating foreheads upon which the tangled, matted
hair grew low; dangling, gorilla-like arms. Men from some primitive
age, snatched up by Turber. They seemed stupidly docile; animal-like.

There was a fellow who seemed the opposite extreme. Turber called
him Jonas. A man of about thirty, small and slender, with a long white
robe, a golden-tasseled sash, and a gold band about his forehead.
His wavy brown hair was long to the base of his neck. His skin was
pale white. His features delicately molded; his nose thin, high-
bridged; his mouth loose-lipped. He was obsequious with Turber. He
suggested Lea and San a trifle. I surmised that he might belong to
their Time-world.
The giant Indian, he of the flat, broken nose, was operating the
controls of the aero. Turber called him Bluntnose. He was, I learned
later, a Mohican Indian of New York State.
Motley crew! And there was one woman. Turber addressed her as
Josefa. She served us the meal. She wore a waist and a gaudy skirt
with a vivid sash. Her thick black hair fell on her shoulders. Her face
had a barbaric beauty with a mixture of races stamped upon it. She
spoke English, with occasional Spanish words intermingled.
She served us with what seemed a defiant sullenness. It contrasted
with Turber's good humor. He reached for the woman once as she
passed him—reached for her with a coarse caress. But she drew
away; and his grin at me was a leer of amusement.
This pantomime—which Nanette did not see—was to be plain
enough. And a moment later, as I chanced to look around, I saw the
woman standing watching us; staring at Nanette and Turber. And
there was upon her face a blazing intensity of hate. She stood tense,
hands upon her hips. Her fingers were writhing; and in the folds of
her sash I saw protruding the handle of a dagger.

CHAPTER X

PLANNING THE ESCAPE

We finished the meal. Turber rose. "Come into the control room. We
can see better from there."
There was only Bluntnose in the control room. He sat at his
instruments and dials. His face was inscrutable as he looked up and
saw Nanette and me.
"We will sit here," said Turber. "Here, Nanette—by me."
He pushed me away with silent vehemence. I sat down by a window.
The door to the corridor which ran the length of the aero was behind
me. I saw the woman Josefa out there; she was staring after us, but
in a moment she moved away.
Turber spoke to his Indian. "You have been pausing, Bluntnose?"
"Yes." The Indian spoke with a low guttural intonation. "Yes. Saw
nothing where could stop."
"No," said Turber. "Well, we'll go forward now." He turned to me. "We
had hoped, along here in these primitive ages there might be some
great reptile lying dead. One with tusks." He grinned. "In civilized
times, ivory is very valuable."
He sat beside Nanette. "I'm not sure that we shall stop, child. Except
in 1664. I am impatient to get back home with you. We will have a
wonderful life, Nanette—riches and power. Master and mistress of all
the world. Wolf Turber—master of the world. You'll be proud of me."
I could not catch her answer. I could see her involuntarily shrinking
away from his caress.
I sat alert with roving thoughts. Nanette and I would have to escape;
but how? If the aero paused in one of these primitive ages, could I
snatch Nanette and leap out? Unthinkable! But in 1664? If we paused
there for a night, I would make my play then. Nanette and I, to live
out our lives together in little Dutch-English New York.
There was nothing I could do now, and presently I was engrossed,
listening to Turber's voice, and regarding the vast scene spread
before us through these windows. The control room was in the bow-
peak of the aero. Banks of windows on both sides gave nearly an
unobstructed view.
Tremendous cosmorama! We were still poised motionless about two
hundred feet in the air. My mind went to my own Time-world. New
York City of 1945. Beneath me here would be the New York Central
Railroad tracks; Riverside Drive; the Hudson. Grant's Tomb, just a
short distance to the north. And behind me, the spread of New York's
streets and solid buildings.
This same Space, how different now! Turber was saying to Nanette:
"We are about one billion years, B.C. That's a long time in the past,
isn't it? But we are traveling forward very fast."
I gazed out upon a landscape gray and misty; blurred, unreal as a
shimmering ghost. The colors of nature were blended into gray;
melting phantoms—the changes of a century encompassed within an
instant of my consciousness. It created a pseudo-movement; a
blurred, changing outline.
An unreality, a ghostly aspect upon all the scene. Yet I was the
speeding phantom; and these things at which I stared were the
realities.
A vast area of gray land and water lay spread around us. The water
lashed and tumbled; swirls of mist and steam rose from it. The land
lay with a gray look of movement. A naked land. No vegetation here
yet. No soil. A land perhaps almost viscous, congealed from the
lashing ocean. It spread like a great gray plain; the mists and vapors
rose from the land-crust as from the sea. Mists and swirling masses
of steam, surging up into the orange-gray of the sky. Condensing,
dissipating, forming the atmosphere.
I fancied as we plunged through these early centuries that vast
storms were here. Vast cataclysms of nature. Torrential deluges of
hot rain pouring down from the clouds that these mists were forming.
Dire winds that plucked and tore at the sea; earthquakes that rocked
and tumbled this land and swept this sea with tidal waves gigantic.

Life here? This was the Beginning. There was a shore line quite near
us. It wavered and blurred as the centuries altered it. A reach of
shallow water where the waves rolled up against the bleak land-
rocks. Life was beginning there. In the shallows of the sea I could
envisage the microscopic protoplasms, like algae that form the green
scum on a pond, lying here in the shallows. Restless, irritable
organisms! Desiring food to eat. Urged by the primitive spark of life
to eat and grow and multiply.
Unending sweep of changing land and sea and these living things
within it! A million years swept into the Past in a moment. An
unfamiliar scene here now. A different sweep of land—a different
reach of sea. A land rising to the west as though a great serrated
mountain chain had heaved up in those whirling centuries. Gray,
shadowy mountains—bleak ghosts of rocky peaks. Dark valleys dank
with heavy vapors; a coastal plain against which the sea was beating.
I could fancy that on the lower steppes of this more solid crust
vegetation now was taking hold. We were passing too fast for any
details. There were fleeting glimpses of what might have been
vegetation. A forest—springing from nothing, existing and vanishing
while I blinked. But I could seem to see a forest, springing into lush
life from the heated soil; growing to a jungle; whirled away in a
cataclysm that tore and ripped all this land and water. Or a forest that
grew, lived and decayed; enriched the soil with other, different giants
of trees to live after it.
We were going forward too fast for such tiny details. But the great
changes were obvious.
Again, beyond what I actually saw, my fancy roamed. From the
shore-water protoplasms, the restless living things had ventured now.
The ocean was peopled. Great swimming reptiles had been here and
were here now. Nature's first efforts—from the microscopic
protoplasms to these great monsters of the sea! Millions of years
developing toward size only. The ages of life gigantic! We were
sweeping through them now.
Amphibians were living now. I can conceive the first such sea
creature with its restless urge for experimentation—the urge within it,
forcing it to try for something better—I can imagine it coming from
the deeps into the shallow water of the shore. Venturing further;
rearing its great head up from the water into the air. Trying again;
lunging—dragging its great length up to the land. Feeling the
sunlight.
The ages of the giants! Huge, heavy-armored things—armored so
that the battle for existence might be won and life go on.
Tremendous swimming, walking and flying reptiles, peopling the sea,
the land and the air. Evolving through one-celled to many-celled
organisms; to sea-squirts and sluggish giant sea-worms; and, millions
of years still farther, to the vertebrates, and then the giant mammals.
Nature struggling for size in the individual. The ages of the giants!
As restless as the changing life was the changing environment. I saw
the mountains rise and drop; and the sea surge in and back again;
an instant when for ten thousand centuries there must have been
great heat here—and then a sweep of ice.
Throughout it all, life struggled, adapting itself, patiently trying new
forms; driven away from here by hostile nature—but coming back
again. Struggling.
An hour or two must have passed as I sat there engrossed. Turber
had been talking steadily to Nanette.
I heard him say:
"We are entering now the last million years before the Time of
Christ."
1,000,000 B.C.! Out of the thousand such intervals, only one was left!
There had been no attempt by Turber to stop our flight in any of
these centuries. I wondered why he had made this trip.
He had said to Nanette: "I have really done this to show it to you."
But I doubted that. He had told me, with a grin, that he might stop
for an ivory tusk of some prehistoric monster. But I did not believe it;
especially since he had made no effort to stop.
I got the answer now; his real reason. The fellow Jonas came into
the control room. He stood by Turber. They talked for a moment,
softly, but I could hear them.
"You think, Jonas, that we have shaken off that cursed Time-vision?"
"Yes, I think so."
"Lentz would do his best to fool them."
This meant nothing to me. Had Alan been here, how well he would
have understood it!
"Yes. But Lea and San are persistent. You should have laid plans,
master, to capture that tower."
Turber smiled wryly. "I suppose so. But I've been busy, Jonas. If
Lentz had any sense he would have wrecked the tower for me."
"And left himself stranded? You expect too much, Master. Lentz wants
to join us."
I could only partially understand. But it was clear that Turber wanted
to shake off pursuit. He was planning to stop in 1664. He wanted no
interference there.
If I had known that presently Alan would be speeding there in the
tower to help me!
There was just a moment when Nanette and I were left alone. Turber
went out of the room with Jonas. Bluntnose, the Indian, sat at his
dials. But he was some distance away and his back was toward us.
I moved to Nanette. I touched her. I whispered:
"Nanette."
"Edward?"
"We're alone. Only the Indian—his back is turned."
"Edward, be careful of yourself." Her dear hand clung to me.
"Careful!"
"Nanette, listen—we're going to stop in the year 1664. It will be
night, Turber said. We'll be here all night."
"Yes. I heard him. But, Edward—"
"I'm going to try to get us out of here then. I can't tell you how—I
don't know. But I'll watch a chance for us."
A step sounded behind us. My heart leaped. I half rose from my seat.
The woman Josefa was bending over us. At my movement she
hissed:
"Hush, you fool! Stop that!" Her glance went to the Indian in the
distant forward part of the cabin. "He'll hear you. Dios! Sit quiet."
"What do you want?"
"I tell you. Only a moment I have—Turber will be back."
"What? What do you want to tell me?"
"This. When we stop—night in the forest, you understand? I will
watch for a way to help you. It will be dark—I can get you out, you
and this girl." She paused breathlessly, then blazed. "Take her! Never
let Turber see her again!"
I could gladly agree to that. I whispered vehemently: "Yes, of course.
That's what I want. How will—"
"Later I find a way. Madre di Dios, he—"
She saw Turber down the corridor. She murmured swiftly: "You be
ready."
She turned and was gone. In the corridor I saw her pass Turber. He
seized her and kissed her; and this time she submitted.

Turber joined us. "Ah, so you are entertaining my little Nanette?" I

moved away at his command. He sat down. "We are only half a
million years before the Time of Christ now."
500,000 B.C.! A new land was here now. A shadowy, rolling area of
forests. Fertile jungles. Miasmic. Primeval tangles of rank vegetation.
Land reptiles were here. We could not see them—not even the
shadows of them. The great life-span of one of them, had it lain
motionless beneath us, would have been too swift and brief a
shadow for our sight. But I knew that they were here. Giant things.
Dinosaurs and monster birds. Land vertebrates.
And the mammals were here now as well. The end of ancient life was
come. The end of the great reptiles was at hand. Nature had made
an error, and was busy now in rectifying it. The giants, handicapped
by their huge size, unwieldy bulk and dull-witted brains, were sorely
pressed in the great struggle for existence. Creatures smaller were
evolving; creatures more agile of body; more quick-witted of brain.
They fought their environment better. They lived; they thrived.
Another few minutes while we sat at the cabin windows. The giant
reptiles went down into defeat. The archaic mammals flourished and
rose into the higher mammals. The lemurs were here. And then the
anthropoids. Apes of pseudo-human form skulking in these lush
jungles.
The stage was set for man.
I saw all life here driven away into defeat with a glacial sweep of ice
coming down. It enveloped the aero for an instant. We must have
been within it—glaciers over us with our phantom vehicle speeding
through them.
The ice age passed. The land and the sea sprang once more into
shadowy form. The gray phantom jungles were here again. The living
things, driven elsewhere, came back. The giant mammals like all the
giants were losing the battle. The smaller creatures were surviving.
The ice came again, and passed. And again. Vast climate changes.
Was the axis of the earth altering in its inclination? I think so.
The ice ages passed. The apelike man had been roaming Java for
nearly half a million years now. Roaming, and spreading.
Two hundred thousand years and, a little less apelike, the Heidelberg
man was wandering throughout Europe—and Asia perhaps. The
Piltdown men flourished and fell and left their record in England and
Europe. I wondered if here in this Space of New York City there could
have been men like apes in those ages. We did not stop; there is no
one to say.
The glaciers withdrew. The Neanderthal race gave way to higher
forms. The Cro-Magnons struggled with their primitive thinking.
Reason had come. Man—true mankind—was upon the earth at last.
His earth!
He held it now, rising against environment and against all the efforts
of the beast to hold him down!
The Indian at the dials said abruptly: "25,000 B.C."
"Ah," said Turber, "the age of civilization, little Nanette. We are
entering it now. It starts here—and when it reaches its peak, I will be
master of it. Ruling the world—with you."
His fingers touched her hair. Enigmatic, unfathomable scoundrel! I
sat, ignored by him, tensely regarding him. And I could have sworn
that he was wholly sincere. His fingers gently stroked her hair.
"Ruling the world, Nanette. I have selected its greatest Time—the
peak of civilization. I will be Master of it, and you its Mistress. A
wonderful destiny for you, child."
He waited, and she murmured awkwardly: "Why—yes—"
He frowned a little. "You do not love me yet. Oh, Nanette, don't you
understand? It is your love I want. Not you without your love."
"Yes," she said. "I understand."
A pang went through me. An impressive scoundrel this! He went on
earnestly:
"I think there will be a great battle, Nanette. But we will win. We will
conquer Great New York of 2445. And you'll live out your life five
hundred years in the future of that world in which you and I were
born."
He turned to the window. "This is a backward Space, Nanette.
Elsewhere on the earth man now in these eras before Christ is
leaving the impress of his struggle. But not here. It's all still empty—
no evidence of civilized man. But its outlines are familiar. Why, if you
could see it, Nanette, you'd recognize it now. The ocean is to the east
of us. The shores; the islands. This is Manhattan Island beneath us.
Slower, Bluntnose! Remember, we stop at that appointed night of
1664. Go slower! We want no shock to harm my little Nanette."
His voice went on.

We passed through the centuries with constantly decreasing speed,

and entered the Christian era. Then to 1000 A.D. The Mongols had
come from the Eastern world, come here and lived, cut off upon this
backward continent. Without contact, they remained backward.
Primitive savages. They were here now—the American Indian with his
wigwams set in the forests of these wooded slopes; his signal fires
rising above the trees; his bark canoes floating on these sheltered
waters. But his impress upon Nature was too slight for us to see.
Men, risen higher in civilization's scale, were in Europe now. Thinking.
Wondering. Soon they would be here, adventuring.
1500 A.D. Columbus had come into the west now. Seeking his
passage to China he had come, and returned disappointed in his
quest. We passed 1550. And 1600. 1609 A.D. was gone by in a
moment. Henry Hudson had been here now! The Half Moon had
come sailing up this placid river. A flash, those days, so brief to us
that we saw nothing. But with my mind's eye, I saw it. Quaint little
ship, adventuring here. Passing our island; navigating the river up
beyond where Albany was to be; seeking the passage to China,
running aground up there in the narrowing river and deciding with
complete correctness that here was no easy way to China; and
turning back and departing, disappointed.
Turber was saying: "Ah, here is man—at last—"
The standard of civilized man! Something enduring of man's
handiwork was visible off there through one of the windows.
Shadows—tiny blurs—of what might have been houses were
materializing on the marshes of the Jersey lowlands; a settlement. It
persisted, and grew. And now, another—here on our island near at
hand.
To the south—the lower tip of Manhattan Island—the outlines of a
fort had appeared; it endured; a fort with a stockade. In a breath,
like tiny chickens clustering about the mother hen, little buildings
were appearing. All within the stockade at first.

The Dutch were here! New Amsterdam existed here, now! The
humble, struggling beginning of the great city. But it persisted. It
grew. Tiny shadows of houses flowed into shadowy being as we
stared. All were down at the lower end of the island—and the
savages roamed up here.
The years went by. The hardy Dutchmen were thriving. On all the
distant shores we could see the small settlements appearing. All over
the busy scene the Dutch were imprinting evidence of their
hardihood. The peppery Peter Stuyvesant was stamping his wooden
leg about here now. I could imagine him upon his brash forays into
enemy country. Warring upon the savages; and upon greater game.
Voyaging with trenchant belligerence to attack the Swedes of the
Delaware.
We were nearly at our destination. The aero was going very slowly.
Soon there was almost color in the scene. Soundless flashes of what
seemed alternate light and darkness.
Turber stood up. "Just sit quiet, Nanette! Hold the arms of your chair;
don't be frightened."
He went over and stood by Bluntnose. "The exact night—don't
mistake it."
"No."
There was a long period of daylight. Long? It may have been a
second or two.
Then darkness. Then light again. My heart was pounding. Outside in
the corridor I saw the woman Josefa standing against the wall.
Darkness outside again. The cabin reeled. It lurched. The humming
vibration was gone. I heard Turber's voice: "Good enough! Not much
after sunset."
We hung in the air; poised over the river.
A quiet starlight night. Early evening. The aero's horizontal propellers
were whirling; I could hear their throb. We sank gently to the ground,
with the depths of the forest about us and the starlit river near by.
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