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Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies 234

Lakhmi C. Jain
Roumen Kountchev
Junsheng Shi Editors

3D Imaging Technologies—
Multi-dimensional Signal
Processing and Deep
Learning
Mathematical Approaches and
Applications, Volume 1

123
Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies

Volume 234

Series Editors
Robert J. Howlett, Bournemouth University and KES International,
Shoreham-by-Sea, UK
Lakhmi C. Jain, KES International, Shoreham-by-Sea, UK
The Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies book series encompasses the
topics of knowledge, intelligence, innovation and sustainability. The aim of the
series is to make available a platform for the publication of books on all aspects of
single and multi-disciplinary research on these themes in order to make the latest
results available in a readily-accessible form. Volumes on interdisciplinary research
combining two or more of these areas is particularly sought.
The series covers systems and paradigms that employ knowledge and intelligence
in a broad sense. Its scope is systems having embedded knowledge and intelligence,
which may be applied to the solution of world problems in industry, the environment
and the community. It also focusses on the knowledge-transfer methodologies and
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intelligent systems tools and a broad range of applications introduces a need for a
synergy of disciplines from science, technology, business and the humanities. The
series will include conference proceedings, edited collections, monographs, hand-
books, reference books, and other relevant types of book in areas of science and
technology where smart systems and technologies can offer innovative solutions.
High quality content is an essential feature for all book proposals accepted for the
series. It is expected that editors of all accepted volumes will ensure that
contributions are subjected to an appropriate level of reviewing process and adhere
to KES quality principles.
Indexed by SCOPUS, EI Compendex, INSPEC, WTI Frankfurt eG, zbMATH,
Japanese Science and Technology Agency (JST), SCImago, DBLP.
All books published in the series are submitted for consideration in Web of Science.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8767

Lakhmi C. Jain · Roumen Kountchev ·
Junsheng Shi
Editors

3D Imaging Technologies—
Multi-dimensional Signal
Processing and Deep
Learning
Mathematical Approaches and Applications,
Volume 1
Editors
Lakhmi C. Jain Roumen Kountchev
KES International Faculty of Telecommunications
Shoreham-by-Sea, UK Technical University of Sofia
Sofia, Bulgaria
Junsheng Shi
Department of Electro-Optical Engineering
Yunnan Normal University
Kunming, Yunnan, China

ISSN 2190-3018 ISSN 2190-3026 (electronic)

Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies
ISBN 978-981-16-3390-4 ISBN 978-981-16-3391-1 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3391-1

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature
Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether
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Preface

This book contains the papers presented at the 2nd International Conference on
3D Imaging Technologies—Multidimensional Signal Processing and Deep Learning
(3DIT-MSP&DL) which was carried out on December 11–13, 2020, at the Yunnan
Normal University, Kunming, China. The papers are aimed at the contemporary areas
of the 3D image representation, 3D image technology, 3D image and graphics, multi-
dimensional signal, image, and video processing and coding and the related math-
ematical approaches and applications. The advance of the contemporary computer
systems for processing, analysis, and recognition of patterns and situations opens
new abilities, beneficial to practice. As a result, a synergic combination of innovative
theoretical investigations, approaches, and applications is achieved.
The book, 3D Imaging Technologies—Multi-dimensional Signal Processing and
Deep Learning (3DIT-MSP&DL), comprises two volumes:
• Mathematical Approaches and Applications (Volume 1);
• Methods, Algorithms and Applications (Volume 2).
The main topics of the chapters in Volume 1 are:
Defect Detection of Injection Parts; Thresholding Method for the Sonar Image of
a Seabed Target; Noise Reduction in Sonar Images of Seabed Targets; Balance the
Robustness and Invisibility of Digital Watermarking; Progress of Electrical Resis-
tance Tomography; Low-Resolution Image Matching and Recognition Algorithm;
Realistic Representation Technology in Virtual Environment; Intelligent Customer
Service Operation Management System; Car Seat Comfort Evaluation System;
Building Extraction from High-Resolution Remote Sensing Image; Image Clas-
sification Algorithms; Improved Method of Non-local Means Denoising; Short-
Term Traffic Volume Prediction; Biological Particle Recognition; Low-Cost 6D
Controller with Smooth Tracking for Mobile AR; Clinical Decision-Making System
for COVID-19; License Plate Recognition System; Landscape Pattern Variation in
the Lower Tarim River; Implementation of Stereoscopic Visualization of Medical
Images; Optical Design of Human Blood Fluorescence Scanning System; Rendering
of 3D Models; Classification Method Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis; Road Defect
Recognition; Temperature Measurement of Human Head; Method for Unmanned

v
vi Preface

Aerial Vehicle Visual Apron; Unattended AI Inspection Collaborative Management

Platform; and Visual Autopilot Decision System.
The aim of the book is to present the latest achievements of the authors to a wide
range of readers: IT specialists, engineers, physicians, Ph.D. students, and other
specialists.

Shoreham-by-Sea, UK Lakhmi C. Jain

Sofia, Bulgaria Roumen Kountchev
Kunming, China Junsheng Shi
April 2021
Acknowledgments The book editors express their special thanks to book chapter reviewers for
their efforts and good will to help for the successful preparation of the book. Special thanks for
Prof. Lakhmi Jain (Honorary Chair), Prof. Dr. Srikanta Patnaik and Prof. Dr. Junsheng Shi (General
Chairs), and Dr. Yonghang Tai (Organizing Chair) of 3DIT-MSP&DL.
The editors express their warmest thanks to the excellent Springer team which made this book
possible.
Contents

A Study of Digital Camera Spectral Reconstruction Based on BP

Neural Networks and Polynomial Expansions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Dawen Wang, Jie Feng, Feng Zhang, Xinting Li, Wei Zhuo, and Xufeng Yu
Research Status of Motor Imagery EEG Signal Based on Deep
Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Fei Li, Yonghang Tai, Hongfei Yu, Hailing Zhou, and Liqiang Zhang
Image Recognition Based on Super-Resolution Wasserstein
Generative Adversarial Nets with Gradient Penalty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Jie Liu, Lijun Yun, Xuesong Jin, and Chunjie Zhang
Overview of SAR Image Change Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Jiayu Xuan, Zhihui Xin, Xiaoqiao Huang, Zhixu Wang, and Yu Sun
Overview of SAR Image Denoising Based on Transform Domain . . . . . . . 39
Yu Sun, Zhihui Xin, Xiaoqiao Huang, Zhixu Wang, and Jiayu Xuan
CRF-ERSVM: An Effective and Robust Support Vector Machine
Based on Complete Random Forest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Qinyi He, Shuyin Xia, Xiaoli Peng, Han Xia, and Zhou Hao
Overview of Speckle Noise Suppression Methods in SAR Image
Based on NLM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Wei Ma, Zhihui Xin, Xiaoqiao Huang, and Shuyi Zhang
Overview of SAR Image Feature Extraction and Target Recognition . . . 69
Zhixu Wang, Zhihui Xin, Xiaoqiao Huang, Yu Sun, and Jiayu Xuan
Art Design Pattern Generation Method Based on 3D Fractal . . . . . . . . . . 77
Jinyuan Zhao
Research on Cooperative Production Planning Method Based
on Factor Analysis and BP Neural Network Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Huali Zheng

vii
viii Contents

Appearance Defect Detection of Injection Parts Based on Deep

Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Daosen Yan, Yuan Sun, and San Jiang
Thresholding Method for the Sonar Image of a Seabed Target
Based on Two-Dimensional Renyi’s Entropy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Yu Liu and Haitao Guo
Noise Reduction in Sonar Images of Seabed Targets Based
on a Variational Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Yuanyuan Tian, Yibing Xue, and Haitao Guo
Sonar Image Segmentation of Seabed Targets Using a Variational
Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Yuanyuan Tian, Yibing Xue, and Haitao Guo
Balance the Robustness and Invisibility of Digital Watermarking
by Image Entropy in Multiple Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Yujian Zhuang, Xiaoyi Zhou, and Sheng Liu
Research Progress of Electrical Resistance Tomography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Yuhan Li, Hongwei Ren, Peng Zhao, and Lei Qin
Research on Low-Resolution Image Matching and Recognition
Algorithm Based on Unified Feature Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Wenhao Zhou and Huabing Zhou
Research on Realistic Representation Technology in Virtual
Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Hui Li, Xuewu Hui, and Chenxi Wang
Intelligent Customer Service Operation Management System
Solution Based on Intelligent Voice Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Jiangwen Su, Li Zhuang, and Lifei Yan
Research on Car Seat Comfort Evaluation System Based
on Chinese Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Changjiang Du, Yu Qiao, Yunpeng Cong, Zeyang Tian, and Song Wang
Research on Building Extraction from High-Resolution Remote
Sensing Image Based on Improved U-Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Shaohui Liang, Meile Wang, and Baoming Qiao
A Survey of Image Classification Algorithms Based on Graph
Neural Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Chan Liu and Feiyan Cheng
An Improved Method of Non-local Means Denoising Based
on Histogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Wei Ma, Zhihui Xin, Shuyi Zhang, Shangjin Lv, and Shuwu Sheng
Contents ix

Short-Term Traffic Volume Prediction Based on Gray Wolf

Optimization Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Junming Dai, Mei Sun, and Quan Shi
Biological Particle Recognition Based on BP Neural Network
Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Jianqiang Fan, Shaoquan Jiang, Chao Zhang, Zhikun Yang, and Tao Jiang
ImageCube: A Low-Cost 6D Controller with Smooth Tracking
for Mobile Augmented Reality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Hongkun Zhang, Qian Li, and Lifeng Zhu
A Clinical Decision-Making System for COVID-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Rui Zhou, Yonghang Tai, Hongfei Yu, Xuejuan Wang, and Liqiang Zhang
License Plate Recognition System Based on OpenCV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Chao Zhang, Yonghang Tai, Qiong Li, Tao Jiang, Weimin Mao,
and Hao Dong
LUCC and Landscape Pattern Variation in the Lower Tarim River
by Remote Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Shanshan WANG, Kefa ZHOU, Jinlin WANG, and Wei WANG
An Implementation of Stereoscopic Visualization of Medical
Images Based on VTK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Shisheng Yu, Zaiqing Chen, Yonghang Tai, and Yuan Meng
Optical Design of Human Blood Fluorescence Scanning System . . . . . . . . 271
Ziang Deng, Yuchao Jia, Yuanfangzhou Wang, and Chao Zhang
Rendering of 3D Models Based on BSSRDF: A Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Shaojun Liang, Zhibao Qin, Yonghang Tai, and Da Fang
Classification Method Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis with 3D
Texture Features from CT Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Jianxin Liu, Jianmin Dong, Aimin Duan, and Ying Wang
Road Defect Recognition Based on CNN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Yicheng Zhang, Jianbing Chen, and Zaiqing Chen
Study on Temperature Measurement of Human Head by Infrared
Thermal Imager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Xia Zhao, Zilong Zhao, Qufei Shi, Jian Wu, Fang Guo, and Xiwen Zhang
A Precise Landing Method for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Visual
Apron and Its Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Shikuang Liu, Wenlve Zhou, Ying Xu, Fansheng Li, Junliang Zhang,
Xueling Huang, Yanqing Lu, Yuanpeng Su, Yinpei Zhan, and Junwei Huang
x Contents

Unattended AI Inspection Collaborative Management Platform . . . . . . . 321

Junliang Zhang, Wenlve Zhou, Ying Xu, Xueling Huang,
Shikuang Liu, Yanqing Lu, Yuanpeng Su, Fansheng Li, Yingpei Zhan,
and Junwei Huang
Visual Autopilot Decision System Based on Deep Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Maoning Ge and Yuxiao Zhang
Research on Speech Enhancement Algorithm in Intelligent Speech
System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Dong Pei

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

About the Editors

Lakhmi C. Jain B.E. (Hons), M.E., Ph.D., Fellow (Engineers Australia), served as
Visiting Professor in Bournemouth University, UK, until July 2018 and presently
serving the University of Canberra, Australia and University of Technology Sydney,
Australia. Dr. Jain founded the KES International for providing a professional
community the opportunities for publications, knowledge exchange, cooperation
and teaming. Involving around 5000 researchers drawn from universities and compa-
nies worldwide, KES facilitates international cooperation and generates synergy in
teaching and research. KES regularly provides networking opportunities for profes-
sional community through one of the largest conferences of its kind in the area of
KES.

Prof. Roumen Kountchev Ph.D., D.Sc., Technical University of Sofia, Bulgaria.

His scientific areas of interest are digital signal and image processing, image compres-
sion, multimedia watermarking, video communications, pattern recognition and
neural networks. Professor Kountchev has 341 papers published in magazines and
conference proceedings (71 international); 15 books; 46 book chapters; 20 patents
(three international). He had been Principle Investigator of 38 research projects
(six international). He is Member of Euro Mediterranean Academy of Arts and
Sciences (EMAAS) and President of Bulgarian Association for Pattern Recognition
(Member of Intern. Association for Pattern Recognition); Editorial Board Member
of IJBST Journal Group; Member of International Research Institute for Economics
and Management (IRIEM), Member of Institute of Data Science and Artificial Intel-
ligence (IDSAI), Member of the Honorable Editorial Board of the nonprofit peer-
reviewed open access IJBST Journal Group. Editorial Board Member of Interna-
tional Journal of Reasoning-based Intelligent Systems; International Journal Broad
Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience; KES Focus Group on Intelligent
Decision Technologies; Egyptian Computer Science Journal; International Journal
of Bio-Medical Informatics and e-Health; and International Journal Intelligent
Decision Technologies.

xi
xii About the Editors

Prof. Junsheng Shi is Professor at the School of Physics and Electronic Informa-
tion, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China and also Member of China Illumi-
nating Engineering Society-Image Technology Specialized Committee. Since 2001,
he has completed his Ph.D. in School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of
Technology. He is In Charge of Yunnan Province key disciplines “Optical Engi-
neering” and Leader for Technology innovation team in color and optical imaging
technology of colleges and universities in Yunnan. He is Member of the Profes-
sional Committee of China Optical Technology Optical Society, Chinese Society
of Image and Graphics Technical Committee stereoscopic image, foreign journals
Optical Engineering, Journal of Display Technology and the present domestic main
disciplines journal Acta Optica Sinica, Chinese Optics Letters, Acta Photonica Sinica
and other reviewers. In 2004 and 2008, respectively, he got awards of scientific and
technological progress and natural science in Yunnan Province. Three projects of
the National Natural Science Fund and two projects of the Yunnan Natural Science
Fund have been completed. In past five years, the two major projects in Yunnan
Province Department of Education were presided over, more than 50 papers have
been published, 15 invention patents have been applied for, and authorized two. His
research interests include color appearance models, the color management systems,
characteristics of the human visual system and application for color imaging and
digital image processing.
A Study of Digital Camera Spectral
Reconstruction Based on BP Neural
Networks and Polynomial Expansions

Dawen Wang, Jie Feng, Feng Zhang, Xinting Li, Wei Zhuo, and Xufeng Yu

Abstract The application of multispectral imaging technology in color science is

becoming more and more extensive, and how to reconstruct high-precision spectral
reflectance information is a key issue currently facing. In order to solve the problem
of pixel shift between channels in the band-pass filter spectral imaging system and
reduce the complexity of multispectral image acquisition, a spectral reconstruction
algorithm based on camera response expansion combined with BP neural network is
proposed. Taking spectral root mean square error and CIEDE2000 color difference
as evaluation indicators, using SG140 color card as training sample and RC24 color
card as test sample, and comparing with several current PCA and BP-PCA-filter
methods with better reconstruction effect. The experimental results show that when
the number of response expansion items is 22, the average spectral root mean square
error and CIEDE2000 color difference are reduced to 0.029 and 1.432, respectively.
The spectral reconstruction accuracy of the improved method is obviously better than
that of PCA and BP-PCA-filter algorithms.

1 Introduction

At the end of the twentieth century, with the increasing requirements for image and
color reproduction, multispectral imaging technology was widely used in medical
images [1], museum digital art collections [2], high-precision color printing [3], and
computer graphics high-fidelity image reproduction areas such as image processing.
In order to accelerate the development of multispectral imaging technology, the Inter-
national Commission on Illumination has incorporated multispectral imaging tech-
nology into the development direction of the Color Imaging Technology Committee
in the early twenty-first century [4]. Aachen University of Technology in Germany
has established a set of multispectral imaging system based on digital images. This
system consists of a monochrome CCD camera and 16 narrow-band filters. However,
due to the limitations of narrow-band filters, the final image color is not even, and

D. Wang · J. Feng (B) · F. Zhang · X. Li · W. Zhuo · X. Yu

Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China

© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 1
L. C. Jain et al. (eds.), 3D Imaging Technologies—Multi-dimensional Signal
Processing and Deep Learning, Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies 234,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3391-1_1
2 D. Wang et al.

the collection time is too long [5]. The Hardeberg team from Vijök University in
Norway explored the best choice for calibration color cards and filters. The team
used two general digital cameras and installed the designed filter on the front of the
camera lens to form a simple 3D multispectral imaging system, which can obtain
six-channel multispectral images at one time [6]. This greatly improves the efficiency
of multispectral image acquisition. Multispectral imaging technology started late in
China. Zhejiang University collected multispectral images through the combination
of monochromatic CCD and tunable filters and achieved good results [7]. Beijing
Institute of Technology uses narrowband filters and CCD cameras to build a narrow-
band multispectral image acquisition system and has done a lot of research on the
imaging system [8]. Yunnan Normal University established a dual CMOS spectral
imaging system [9]. Using two CMOS cameras (black and white and color), filters
and spectroscopes can solve the problem of insufficient brightness information in the
color channel.
Multispectral image acquisition systems need to add and replace filters, resulting
in many problems such as long acquisition periods, cumbersome processes, and pixel
shift between channels. The main advantage of a spectral imaging system based
on optical bandpass filters is to increase the number of digital image acquisition
channels through filters, provide higher-dimensional input information for spectral
reconstruction, and improve the accuracy of spectral reconstruction. Inspired by this,
many scholars have carried out related research on the use of color digital camera
response value expansion method to achieve object surface reflectivity reconstruc-
tion [10]. Dupont [11] proposed the use of polynomial expansion and pseudo-inverse
method to solve the three-stimulus signal spectral reconstruction. Xiao [12] et al.
proposed a spectral reflectance reconstruction algorithm based on extended three-
channel response terms. The introduction of [rg2 rb2 gr 2 gb2 br 2 bg2 ] cubic root
term can improve the chromaticity accuracy and spectral accuracy of spectral recon-
struction reflectance. Liang [10] et al. proposed a spectral reconstruction method
based on camera response expansion and local inverse distance weighting optimiza-
tion, which explored the influence of the number of expansion polynomial terms on
spectral reconstruction.
In view of the above several polynomial extended spectral reconstruction methods,
this paper proposes a spectral reconstruction method based on BP neural network
combined with the extension of the response value of the digital camera. The neural
network is used to obtain the conversion matrix in the spectral reconstruction process,
and the response of the digital camera is specifically studied. The influence of the
number of items of value expansion on the accuracy of spectral reconstruction is
compared with the traditional method of adding filters.
 Another Random Document on
Scribd Without Any Related Topics
 Meanwhile the two Rackham characters were shifting uneasily
from one foot to the other, looking first at Craig and then at me,
without the faintest idea what the fuss was all about. Craig
reluctantly left it up to me. Not wanting to waste any more time, I told
the little fellows that everything was “in Ordnung” and bundled them
off to the waiting trucks.
Again our way led out to the east, the same road we had taken
two days before; and again I was perched up in the lead truck with
Double Roger. The country was more beautiful than ever in the
morning sunlight. We skirted the edge of Chiemsee and sped on
through Traunstein. The mountains loomed closer, their crests
gleaming with snow. Roger commented that it was “la neige
éternelle,” and I was struck by the unconscious poetry of the phrase.
To save time we ate our midday rations en route, pulling off to one
side of the Autobahn in the neighborhood of Bad Reichenhall.
Farther on we came to a fork in the highway. A sign to the right
pointed temptingly to Berchtesgaden, only thirty kilometers away. But
our road was the one to the left—to Salzburg. In another few minutes
we saw its picturesque fortress, outlined against the sky, high above
the town.
I had to make some inquiries in Salzburg. Not knowing the exact
location of the headquarters where I could obtain the information I
needed, I thought it prudent to park the convoy on the outskirts and
go on ahead with a single truck. It probably wasn’t going to be any
too easy, even with exact directions, to get all ten of them through
the narrow streets, across the river and out the other side. This was
where a jeep would have come in handy. I had been a fool not to
insist on having one for this trip.
Leclancher asked if he might go along with Roger and me. The
three of us drove off, leaving the other nine drivers and the two little
packers to take their ease in the warm meadow beside which we had
halted. It was about three miles into the center of town and the road
was full of confusing turns. But on the whole it was well marked with
Army signs. Before the end of the summer I became reasonably
proficient in translating the cabalistic symbols on these markers, but
at that time I was hopelessly untutored and neither of my
companions was any help. After driving through endless gray
archways and being soundly rebuked by the MPs for going the
wrong direction on several one-way streets, we found ourselves in a
broad square paved with cobblestones. It was the Mozartplatz.
The lieutenant colonel I was supposed to see had his office in one
of the dove-colored buildings facing the square. It was a big, high-
ceilinged room with graceful rococo decorations along the walls and
a delicate prism chandelier in the center. I asked the colonel for
clearance to proceed to Linz with my convoy. After I had explained
the purpose of my trip to Hohenfurth, he offered to expedite the
additional clearance I would need beyond Linz.
He rang up the headquarters of the 65th Infantry Division which
was stationed there. In a few minutes everything had been arranged.
The colonel at the other end of the line said that he would send one
of his officers to the outskirts of the city to conduct us to his
headquarters on our arrival. There would be no difficulty about
billets. He would also take care of our clearance across the
Czechoslovakian border the following day. I thanked the colonel and
hurried down to rejoin Leclancher and Roger.
Since the proposed Autobahn to Linz had never been finished, we
had to take a secondary highway east of Salzburg. Our road led
through gently rolling country with mountains in the distance. I was
grateful for the succession of villages along the way. They were a
relief after the monotony of the Autobahn and also served to control
the speed of the convoy. We wound through streets so narrow that
one could have reached out and touched the potted geraniums
which lined the balconies of the cottages on either side. Laughing,
towheaded children waved from the doorways as we passed by.
Roger, intent on his driving, didn’t respond to the exuberance of the
youngsters, and I wondered if he might be thinking of the villages of
his own country, where the invaders had left a bitter legacy of wan
faces.
It was after seven when we reached the battered outskirts of Linz,
the city of Hitler’s special adoration. He had lavished his attention on
the provincial old town, his mother’s birthplace, hoping to make it a
serious rival of Vienna as an art center. To this end, plans for a
magnificent museum had been drawn up, and already an impressive
collection of pictures had been assembled against the day when a
suitable building would be ready to receive them.
We approached the city from the west—its most damaged sector.
It was rough going, as the streets were full of chuckholes and
narrowed by piles of rubble heaped high on both sides. There was
no sign of an escort, so we drew up beside an information post at a
main intersection. Our cavalcade was too large to miss, as long as
we stayed in one place. We waited nearly an hour before a jeep
came along. A jaunty young lieutenant came over, introduced himself
as the colonel’s “emissary” and said that he had been combing the
town for us. The confusion of the debris-filled streets had caused us
to take a wrong turn and, consequently, we had missed the main
thoroughfare into town. The lieutenant, whose name was George
Anderson, led us by a devious route to a large, barrackslike building
with a forecourt which afforded ample parking space for the trucks.
Billets had already been arranged, as promised, but to get food at
such a late hour was another matter. However, by dint of coaxing in
the right quarter, Anderson even contrived to do that.
As we drove off in his jeep to the hotel where the officers were
billeted, he remarked with a laugh that he wouldn’t be able to do as
well by me but thought he could dig up something. The hotel was
called the “Weinzinger,” and Anderson said that Hitler had often
stayed there. Leaving me to get settled, he went off on a foraging
expedition. He returned shortly with an armful of rations, a bottle of
cognac and a small contraption that looked like a tin case for playing
cards. This ingenious little device, with a turn of the wrist, opened out
into a miniature stove. Fuel for it came in the form of white lozenges
that resembled moth balls. Two of these, lighted simultaneously,
produced a flame of such intensity that one could boil water in less
than a quarter of an hour. I got out my mess kit while Anderson
opened the rations, and in ten minutes we whipped up a hot supper
of lamb stew. With a generous slug of cognac for appetizer, the lack
of variety in the menu was completely forgotten.
 While we topped off with chocolate bars, I asked him about
conditions up the line in the direction of Hohenfurth.
“You won’t have any trouble once you reach Hohenfurth, because
it’s occupied by our troops,” he said, “but before swinging north into
Czechoslovakia you’ll have to pass through Russian-held Austrian
territory.”
This was bad news, for I had no clearance from the Russians. I
hadn’t foreseen the need of it. Captain Posey couldn’t have known
about it either because he was punctilious and would never have let
me start off without the necessary papers.
I had heard stories of the attitude of the Russians toward anyone
entering their territory without proper authorization. An officer in
Munich told me that his convoy had been stopped. He had been
subjected to a series of interrogations and not allowed to proceed for
a week.
“Could your colonel obtain clearance for me from the Russians?” I
asked.
“He could try, but it would probably take weeks,” Anderson said. “If
you’re in a hurry, your best bet is to take a chance and go on through
without clearance. You never can tell about the Russians. They
might stop you and again they might not.”
Then I mentioned my problem children—my German packers.
Anderson didn’t think the Russians would look on them with much
favor, if my trucks were stopped and inspected. I asked about
another road to Hohenfurth. Perhaps there was one to the west of
the Russian lines. He didn’t know about any other route but said that
we could take a look at the big map in the O.D.’s office on the next
floor.
To my great relief, it appeared that there was another road—one
which ran parallel with the main road, four or five miles to the west of
it. But Anderson tempered enthusiasm with the remark that it might
not be wide enough for my two-and-a-half-ton trucks. There was
nothing on the map to indicate whether it was much more than a cow
path and the duty officer didn’t know. One of the other officers might
be able to tell me. I could ask in the morning.
That night I worried a good deal about the hazards that seemed to
lie ahead, and woke up feeling depressed. Things, I reflected, had
been going too well. I should have guessed that there would be
rough spots here and there. After early breakfast I called to thank the
colonel, Anderson’s chief, for his kindness, and while in his office
had a chance to inquire about the alternate route.
“The back road is all right,” he said without hesitation. “Take it by
all means. You will cross the Czech frontier just north of Leonfelden.
A telephone call to our officer at the border control will fix that up.
You should be able to make Hohenfurth in about two hours. The
C.O. at Hohenfurth is Lieutenant Colonel Sheehan of the 263rd Field
Artillery Battalion.”
On my way through the outer office I stopped for a word with
Lieutenant Anderson, and while there the colonel gave instructions
about the call to the border control post. That done, Anderson said,
“If you’ve got a minute, there’s something I want to show you.” I
followed him down the stairs and through the back entrance of the
hotel to the broad esplanade beside the Danube. The river was
beautiful that morning. Its swiftly flowing waters were really blue.
We walked over to the river where a white yacht tugged at her
moorings. She was the Ungaria, presented by Hitler to Admiral
Horthy, the Hungarian Regent. Anderson took me aboard and we
made a tour of her luxurious cabins. She was about a hundred
twenty feet over all and her fittings were lavish to the last detail. The
vessel was now in the custody of the American authorities, but her
original crew was still aboard.
After this unexpected nautical adventure, Anderson took me to my
trucks and saw us off on the last lap of the journey. Beyond Urfahr,
the town across the Danube from Linz, we turned north. It was slow
going for the convoy because the road was steep and winding. Our
progress was further impeded by an endless line of horse-drawn
carts and wagons, all moving in the direction of Linz. Most of them
were filled with household furnishings. Presently the road
straightened out and we entered a region of rolling, upland meadows
and deep pine forests. After an hour and a half’s drive we reached
Leonfelden, a pretty village with a seventeenth century church
nestling in a shallow valley. Just beyond it was the frontier. We
identified ourselves to the two officers—one American, the other
Czech—and continued on our way. Our entry into Czechoslovakia
had been singularly undramatic. In another twenty minutes we pulled
into Hohenfurth.
It was not a particularly prepossessing village on first sight. Drab,
one-story houses lined the one main street. The headquarters of the
263rd Field Artillery Battalion occupied an unpretentious corner
building. Lieutenant Colonel John R. Sheehan, the C.O., was a big,
amiable fellow, with a Boston-Irish accent.
“If you’ve come for that stuff in the monastery,” he said, “just tell
me what you need and I’ll see that you get it. I’m anxious to get the
place cleared out because we’re not going to be here much longer.
When we leave, the Czechs are going to take over.” The colonel
called for Major Coleman W. Thacher, his “Exec,” a pleasant young
Bostonian, and told him to see that I was properly taken care of. The
major, in turn, instructed his sergeant to show me the way to the
monastery and to provide billets for my men.
It was after eleven, but the sergeant said we’d have time to take a
look at the monastery before chow. He suggested that we take the
trucks to the monastery, which was not more than three-quarters of a
mile from headquarters. We drove down a narrow side street to the
outskirts of town. The small villas on either side were being used for
officers’ billets. The street ended abruptly, and up ahead to the left,
on a slight eminence, I saw the cream-colored walls of the
monastery.
A curving dirt road wound around to the entrance on the west side.
The monastery consisted of a series of rambling buildings forming
two courtyards. In the center of the larger of these stood a chapel of
impressive proportions. An arched passageway, leading through one
of the buildings on the rim of the enclosure, provided the only means
of access to the main courtyard. It had plenty of “Old World charm”
but looked awfully small in comparison with our trucks.
Leclancher pooh-poohed my fears and said he’d take his truck
through. He did—that is, part way through. With a hideous scraping
sound the truck came to a sudden stop. The bows supporting the
tarpaulin had not cleared the sloping sides of the pointed arch. This
was a fine mess, for it was a good two hundred yards from the
entrance to the building, behind the chapel, in which the things were
stored. It would prolong the operation beyond all reason if we had to
carry them all that way to the trucks. And what if it rained? As if in
answer to my apprehension, it suddenly did rain, a hard drenching
downpour. I should have had more faith in the resourcefulness of my
Frenchmen; at that critical juncture Leclancher announced that he
had found the solution. The bows of the trucks could be forced down
just enough to clear the archway.
As soon as this had been done, nine of the trucks filed through
and lined up alongside the buttresses of the chapel. The tenth
remained outside to take the drivers and the two packers to chow.
After seeing to it that they were properly cared for, the sergeant
deposited me at the officers’ mess.
At lunch, Colonel Sheehan introduced me to the military
Government Officer of his outfit, Major Lewis W. Whittemore, a bluff
Irishman, who gave me considerable useful information about the
setup at the monastery.
“Mutter, an elderly Austrian, is in charge of the collections stored
there—a custodian appointed by the Nazis. He is a dependable
fellow so we’ve allowed him to stay on the job. You’ll find him
thoroughly co-operative,” said the major. “One of the buildings of the
monastery is being used as a hospital for German wounded.”
“Are there any monks about the place?” I asked.
“Hitler ran them all out, but a few have returned. When Hohenfurth
is turned over to the Czechs, it will make quite a change in this
Sudetenland community. Even the name is going to be changed—to
its Czech equivalent, Vysi Brod. All the signs in town will be printed
in Czech, too. It will be the official language. Except for a few
families, the entire population is German.”
“How will that work?” I asked.
The major apparently interpreted my question as an expression of
disapproval of the impending change-over, for he said rather
belligerently, “The Czechs in this region have had a mighty raw deal
from the Germans during the past few years.” I rallied weakly with
the pious observation that two wrongs had never made a right and
that I hoped some satisfactory solution to the knotty problem could
be reached.
By the time we had finished lunch the rain had dwindled to a light
drizzle. I started out on foot to the monastery, leaving word at the
colonel’s quarters for the sergeant to meet me in the courtyard of the
Kloster. He got there about the same time I did, and together we
started looking for Dr. Mutter, the Austrian custodian. We went first to
the library of the monastery—a beautiful baroque room lined with
sumptuous bookcases of burled walnut surmounted with elaborate
carved and gilded scroll-shaped decorations. The room was
beautifully proportioned, some seventy feet long and about forty feet
wide. Tall French windows looked out on the peaceful monastery
garden, which, for lack of care, was now overgrown with tangled
vines and brambles. Along the opposite side of the handsome room
stood a row of massive sixteenth century Italian refectory tables piled
high with miscellaneous bric-a-brac: Empire candelabra, Moorish
plates, Venetian glass, Della Robbia plaques and Persian ceramics.
Across one end, an assortment of Louis Quinze sofas and chairs
seemed equally out of place. What, I wondered, were these
incongruous objects doing in this religious establishment?
The explanation was soon forthcoming. The sergeant found Dr.
Mutter in a small room adjoining the library. He was a lanky, studious
individual with a shock of snow-white hair, prominent teeth and a
gentle manner which just missed being fawning. Hohenfurth’s Uriah
Heep, I thought unkindly. The moment he began to speak in halting
English, I revised my estimate of him. He was neither crafty nor
vicious. On the contrary, he was just a timid, and, at the moment,
frightened victim of circumstance. What German I know has an
Austrian flavor, and when I trotted this out he was so embarrassingly
happy that I wished I had kept my tongue in my head. But it served
to establish an entente cordiale which proved valuable during the
next few days. They were to be more hectic than I had even faintly
imagined.
After a little introductory palaver, I explained that I had come to
remove the collections which had been brought to the monastery by
the Germans, and that I would like to make a preliminary tour of
inspection. I suggested that we look first at the paintings.
“Paintings?” he asked doubtfully. “You mean the modern pictures?
They are not very good—just the work of some of the Nazi artists.
They were brought here—and quite a lot of sculpture too—when it
was announced that Hitler was coming to Hohenfurth to see the
really important things.”
Then I learned what he meant by the “really important things”—
room after room, corridor after corridor, all crammed with furniture
and sculpture, methodically looted from two fabulous collections, the
Rothschild of Vienna and the Mannheimer of Amsterdam. By
comparison, the Hearst collection at Gimbel’s was trifling. The things
I had seen in the library were only a small part of this mélange. In an
adjoining chamber—a vaulted gallery, fifty feet long—there were a
dozen pieces of French and Dutch marquetry. And stacked against
the walls were entire paneled rooms, coffered ceilings and
innumerable marble busts. Next to that was a room crowded with
more of the same sort of thing, except that the pieces were small
and more delicate. In one corner I saw an extraordinary table made
entirely of tortoise shell and mounted with exquisite ormolu.
It was an antique-hunter’s paradise, but for me quite the reverse.
How was I going to move all of this stuff? Dr. Mutter could see that I
was perplexed, and apologetically added that I had seen only a part
of the collections. Remembering that I had asked to see the pictures,
he took me to a corner room containing approximately a hundred
canvases. As he had said, they were a thoroughly dull lot—portraits
of Hitler, Hess and some of the other Nazi leaders, tiresome
allegorical scenes, a few battle subjects and a group of landscapes.
The labels pasted on the backs indicated that they had all been
shown at one time or another in exhibitions at the Haus der
Deutschen Kunst in Munich. While I was looking at them, Dr. Mutter
shyly confessed that he was a painter but that he didn’t admire this
kind of work.
On the floor below, there was a forest of contemporary German
sculpture—plaster casts, for the most part, all patinated to resemble
bronze. In addition there were a few portrait busts in bronze and one
or two pieces in glazed terra cotta. The terra-cotta pieces had some
merit. The sculpture occupied one entire side of a broad corridor
which ran around the four sides of a charming inner garden. The
corridor had originally been open but the archways were now
glassed in. Turning a corner, we came upon a jumble of architectural
fragments—carved Gothic pinnacles, sections of delicately chiseled
moldings, colonnettes, Florentine well-heads and wall fountains. At
one end was a pair of elaborate gilded wrought-iron doors and at
either side were handsome wall lanterns, also of wrought iron. These
too were Mannheimer, Dr. Mutter replied, when I hopefully asked if
they were not a part of the monastery fittings.
As final proof of the looters’ thorough methods, I was shown a
vaulted reception hall, into the walls of which had been set a large
and magnificent relief by Luca della Robbia, a smaller but also very
beautiful relief of the Madonna and Child by some Florentine sculptor
of the fifteenth century, and an enormous carved stone fireplace of
Renaissance workmanship. The hall was stacked with huge cases
as yet unpacked, and from the ceiling were suspended two
marvelous Venetian glass chandeliers—exotic accents against a
background of chaste plaster walls.
This partial tour of inspection ended with a smaller room across
from the reception hall where Dr. Mutter proudly exhibited what he
considered the finest thing of all—a life-sized, seated marble portrait
by Canova. It was indeed a distinguished piece of work. Hitler had
bought the statue in Vienna, so Dr. Mutter said, from the Princess
Windischgrätz. It had been destined for the Führer Museum at Linz.
 I learned afterward that the statue had belonged at one time to the
Austrian emperor, Franz Josef. Canova began the statue in 1812 as
a portrait of Maria-Elisa, Princess of Lucca—a sister of Napoleon.
The sculptor’s more celebrated portrait of Napoleon’s sister Pauline
had been carved a few years earlier. When Maria-Elisa lost her
throne and fortune, she was unable to pay for the portrait. But
Canova was resourceful: he changed the portrait into a statue of
Polyhymnia, the Muse of poetry and song. He accomplished this
metamorphosis by idealizing the head and adding the appropriate
attributes of the Muse. Later the statue was given to Franz Josef.
Eventually it passed into the collection of his granddaughter—the
daughter of Rudolf, who died at Mayerling—the Princess
Windischgrätz.
The statue was one of the most delicate and graceful examples of
the great neoclassic master’s style, and I marveled both at its cold
perfection and the fact that it had come through its travels completely
unscathed. For all her airy elegance, the Muse must weigh at least a
ton and a half, I calculated—suddenly coming down to earth with the
realization that I would be expected to take her back to Munich!
Over Dr. Mutter’s protest that I had not yet seen everything, I said
that I should get my men started. There was no time to be lost.
Colonel Sheehan provided eight men and, after cautioning them
about the value and fragility of the objects, I detailed Dr. Mutter to
supervise their work. The first job was to bring some of the furniture
down to the ground floor. As yet we had no packing materials, so we
could do no actual loading. The next step was to show the packers
what we were up against. At first they went from room to room
shaking their heads and muttering, but after I had explained that we
would only select certain things, they cheered up and set to work.
Luckily, some of the furniture had a fair amount of protective padding
—paper stuffed with excelsior—and that could be used until we were
able to get more. We had enough, they agreed, to figure on perhaps
two truckloads. Leaving them to mull over that, I went off to round up
a couple of the trucks. Here was another problem. Not only did the
furniture have to be brought down a long flight of stone stairs, but to
reach the stairs in the first place it had to be carried a distance of two
hundred yards. Once down the stairs it had to be carried another two
hundred yards down a long sloping ramp to the only doorway
opening onto the courtyard. I told Leclancher to bring one of the
trucks around to that doorway and then took off in search of paper,
excelsior, rope and blankets. In one of the near-by sheds I found
only a small supply of paper and some twine. We would need much
more.
Major Whittemore came to the rescue and drove me to a lumber
and paper mill several kilometers away. As we drove along he told
me that he had been having trouble with the German managers of
the mill, but they knew now that he meant business, so I was not to
ask for what I wanted, I was to tell them. At the mill I got a generous
supply of paper, excelsior and rope and, on my return to the
monastery, sent one of the trucks back to pick it up. But there wasn’t
a spare blanket to be had in all of Hohenfurth.
When I got back, it looked like moving day. The ramp was already
lined with tables, chairs and chests. Dr. Mutter was running back and
forth, cautioning one GI not to drop a delicate cabinet, helping
another with an overambitious armful of equal rarity and all the while
trying in vain to check the numbers marked on the pieces as they
flowed down the stairs in a steady stream. Meanwhile, my two
packers trudged up and down the ramp, lugging heavy chests and
monstrous panels which looked more than a match for men twice
their size.
In spite of their concerted efforts, we didn’t have anything like
enough help, so I appealed to Leclancher. With discouraging
independence, he indicated that his men were drivers, not furniture
movers, and that he couldn’t order them to help. But he would put it
up to them. After a serious conference with them, Leclancher
reported that they had agreed to join the work party. Now, with a
crew of twenty, things moved along at a faster pace. With a couple of
the GIs, the two packers and I set to work loading the first truck.
Here was where the little Rackhamites shone. In half an hour the first
truck was packed and ready to be driven back to its place beside the
chapel wall. The second truck was brought up and before long joined
its groaning companion, snugly parked against a buttress.
 Presently, the eight GIs trooped out into the courtyard. It was half
past five and time for chow. The Frenchmen knocked off too, leaving
Dr. Mutter, the two packers and me to take stock of the afternoon’s
accomplishment. While we were thus engaged, Leclancher came to
tell me that my driver, the one I called “Double Roger,” was feeling
sick and wanted to see a doctor. In the confusion of the afternoon’s
work I hadn’t noticed that he was not about. We found him curled up
in the back of the truck and feeling thoroughly miserable. I drove him
down to the Medical Office in the village and there Dr. Sverdlik, the
Battalion Surgeon, examined him. Roger’s complaint was a severe
pain in the midriff and the doctor suggested heat treatments. He said
that the German surgeon up at the monastery hospital had the
necessary equipment.
That seemed simple enough, since the drivers were billeted in
rooms adjoining the hospital wing. But I reckoned without Roger.
What? Be treated by a German doctor? He was terrified at the
prospect, and it required all my powers of persuasion to talk him into
it. Finally he agreed, but only after Dr. Sverdlik had telephoned to the
hospital doctor and given explicit instructions. I also had to promise
to stand by while the doctor ministered to him.
The German, Major Brecker, was methodical and thorough. He
found that Roger had a kidney infection and recommended that he
be taken to a hospital as soon as possible. I explained that we would
not be returning to Munich for at least two days and asked if the
delay would be dangerous. He said that he thought not. In the
meantime he would keep Roger under a “heat basket.” Roger eyed
this device with suspicion but truculently allowed it to be applied.
When I went off to my supper, twenty minutes later, he was sleeping
peacefully—but not alone. Three of his fellow drivers were sprawled
on cots near by, just in case that Boche had any intentions of playing
tricks on their comrade. Maybe not, but they were taking no chances!
What a lot of children they were, I thought, as I walked wearily down
to supper.
That evening I asked the colonel if I could get hold of some PWs
to help out with the work the following day. He said that there was a
large camp between Hohenfurth and Krummau and that I could have
as many as I wanted. So I put in a bid for sixteen. After arranging for
them to be at the monastery at eight the next morning, I went to my
own quarters which were in a house just across the way.

At the Rest House at Unterstein near Berchtesgaden, Major

Harry Anderson supervises the removal of the Göring Collection,
brought from Karinhall, near Berlin.

International News Photo

 One of the forty rooms in the Rest House in which the Göring
pictures, 1,100 in all, were exhibited before their removal to Munich
for subsequent restitution.

International News Photo

 The GI Work Party which assisted the Special Evacuation Team
(Lieutenants Howe, Moore and Kovalyak) pack the Göring
Collection for removal from Berchtesgaden to Munich.

Truck loaded with sculpture from the Göring Collection at

Berchtesgaden. Statues were packed upright in excelsior for
removal to the Central Collecting Point in Munich.

I had one little errand of mercy to take care of before I turned in.
There was a recreation room on the first floor and adjoining it a
makeshift bar. Most of the officers had gone to the movies, so I
managed to slip in unobserved and pilfer two bottles of beer. Tucking
them inside my blouse, I made off for the monastery. There, after
some difficulty in finding my way around the dark passageways, I
located the rooms occupied by my two little packers. They were
making ready for bed, but when they saw what I had for them, their
leathery old faces lighted up with ecstatic smiles. If I had been a
messenger from heaven, they couldn’t have been happier. Leaving
them clucking over their unexpected refreshments, I went back to my
own billet and fell into bed. I hadn’t had exactly what one would call a
restful day myself.
 That beer worked wonders I hadn’t anticipated. When I arrived at
the monastery a little before eight the next morning I found that my
two packers, together with Dr. Mutter, had been at work since seven.
As yet there was no sign of the Frenchmen, but I thought that they
would probably show up before long. At eight my gang of PWs
appeared and the sergeant who brought them explained that I
wouldn’t be having the crew of GIs who had helped out the day
before. When I protested that I needed them more urgently than
ever, he informed me that the combination of GI and PW labor
simply wouldn’t work out; that I certainly couldn’t expect to have
them both doing the same kind of work together. I said that I most
certainly could and did expect it. Well, my protest was completely
unavailing, and if I had to make a choice I was probably better off
with the sixteen PWs. Perhaps my two packers could get enough
work out of them to compensate for the loss of the GIs.
I had just finished assigning various jobs to the PWs when
Leclancher turned up. “May I have a word with you?” he asked. “It is
about Roger.”
“What about Roger? Is he any worse?” I asked.
“No, but he is not any better either,” he said. “Is it possible that we
shall be returning to Munich tomorrow morning?”
“Not the ghost of a chance,” I said. “We shan’t be through loading
before tomorrow night. We’re too shorthanded.”
“But if we all pitched in and worked, even after supper?” he asked.
“It would make a big difference,” I said. “But it’s entirely up to you.
It’s certainly worth a try if the drivers are willing.”
I’ll never forget that day. I never saw Frenchmen move with such
rapidity or with such singleness of purpose. When five o’clock came,
we had finished loading the fifth truck. Taking into account the two
from the preceding day, that left only three more trucks to fill.
Leclancher came to me again. The drivers wanted to work until it got
dark. That meant until nine o’clock. Knowing that the two packers
were equally eager to get back to Munich, I agreed. I hurried off to
call the sergeant about the PWs. Special arrangements would have
to be made to feed them if we were keeping on the job after supper.
Also, I had to make sure that someone at Battalion Headquarters
would be able to provide a vehicle to take them back to their camp.
While the drivers went off to chow and the PWs were being fed in
the hospital kitchen, I joined Dr. Mutter and the packers to discuss
these new developments. I felt sure that I would be returning to
Hohenfurth in another few days with additional trucks to complete
the evacuation. That being the case, some preliminary planning was
necessary. I instructed Dr. Mutter to call in a stonemason to remove
the Della Robbia relief and the other pieces which had been set into
the walls, so that they would be ready for packing when we came
back. I gave him a written order which would enable him to lay in a
supply of lumber for packing cases which would have to be built for
some of the more fragile pieces. Lastly, the four of us surveyed the
storage rooms and made an estimate of the number of trucks we
would need for the things still on hand.
To save time I had a couple of chocolate bars for my supper and
was ready to resume work when our combined forces reappeared.
The next two hours and a half went by like a whirlwind and by eight
o’clock we knotted down the tarpaulin on the last truck. Everybody
was content. Even the PWs seemed less glum than usual, but that
was probably because they had been so well fed in the hospital
kitchen.
If we were to make it through to Munich in the one day, we would
have to start off early the next morning. Accordingly I left word that
the trucks were to be lined up outside the monastery entrance at
seven-thirty sharp. Then I went down to the colonel’s quarters to see
about an armed escort for the convoy. I found Colonel Sheehan and
Major Thacher making preparations to “go out on the town.” They
looked very spruce in their pinks and were in high spirits.
“We missed you at supper,” said the colonel. “How’s the work
coming along?”
“My trucks are loaded and ready to roll first thing in the morning if I
can have an escort,” I said.
 “That calls for a celebration,” he said. “Pour yourself a drink. I’ll
make a bargain with you. You can have the escort on one condition
—that you join our party tonight.”
I didn’t protest. I thought it was a swell idea. A few minutes later,
the captain with whom I was billeted arrived and the four of us set
out for an evening of fun.
In the short space of two days I had grown very fond of these
three officers, although we had met only at mealtime. They were, in
fact, characteristic of all the officers I had encountered at Hohenfurth
—friendly, good-natured and ready to do anything they could to help.
That they were all going home soon may have had something to do
with their contented outlook on life, and they deserved their
contentment. As members of the 26th Division, the famous “Yankee
Division,” they had seen plenty of action, and as we drove along that
night in the colonel’s car, my three companions did a lot of
reminiscing.
While they exchanged stories, I had a chance to enjoy the
romantic countryside through which we were passing. We were, the
colonel had said, headed for Krummau, an old town about fifteen
miles away.
The road followed along the winding Moldau River, which had an
almost supernatural beauty in the glow of the late evening light. The
bright green banks were mirrored, crystal clear, on its unrippled
surface, as were the rose-gold colors of the evening clouds.
We crossed the river at Rosenberg, and as we went over the
bridge I noticed that it bore—as do all bridges in that region—the
figure of St. John Nepomuk, patron saint of Bohemia. The castle,
perched high above the river, was the ancestral seat of the Dukes of
Rosenberg who ruled this part of Bohemia for hundreds of years.
One of them murdered his wife and, according to the legend, she still
haunted the castle. Robed in white, she was said to walk the
battlements each night between eleven-thirty and twelve. Major
Thacher thought that we should test the legend by paying a visit to
the castle on our return from Krummau later that evening.
 When we arrived in Krummau it was too dark to see much of the
old town except the outline of the gray buildings which lined the
narrow streets. Our objective was a night club operated by members
of an underground movement which was said to have flourished
there throughout the years of Nazi oppression. There was nothing in
any way remarkable about the establishment, but it provided a little
variety for the officers stationed thereabouts. My companions were
popular patrons of the place. They were royally welcomed by the
proprietor, who found a good table for us, not too near the small
noisy orchestra. Two pretty Czech girls joined us and we all took
turns dancing. There were so many more men than girls that we had
to be content with one dance each. Then the girls moved on to
another table.
We whiled away a couple of hours at the club before the colonel
said that we should be starting back. I hoped that we would be in
time to pay our respects to the phantom duchess, but the clock in the
square was striking twelve when we rumbled through the empty
streets of Rosenberg. It had begun to rain again.
At six the next morning, I looked sleepily out the window. It was
still raining. We would have a slow trip unless the weather cleared,
and I thought apprehensively of the steep road leading into Linz.
Fresh eggs—instead of the usual French toast—and two cups of
black coffee brightened my outlook on the soggy morning and I was
further cheered to find the convoy smartly lined up like a row of
circus elephants when I reached the monastery at seven-thirty.
Leclancher had taken the lead truck and the ailing Roger was
bundled up in the cab of one of the others.
Dr. Mutter waved agitated farewells from beneath the ribs of a
tattered umbrella as we slid slowly down the monastery drive. At the
corner of the main street of the village we picked up our escort, two
armed jeeps. They conducted us to the border where we gathered in
two similar vehicles which would set the pace for us into Linz. The
bad weather was in one respect an advantage: there was practically
no traffic on the road.