Theoretical Questions

Question 1

Which property is used to change the background color ?

1. background-color
2. bgcolor
3. bg-color
4. color

Answer

background-color

Reason — The background-color property is used to change the background color of an element. For
example,
h1 {background-color : yellow; }

Question 2

Which property is used to increase and decrease the text size ?

1. font-width
2. font-size
3. text-width
4. text-size

Answer

font-size

Reason — font-size property is used to increase and decrease the text size in the following way:
h3 {font-size : 8pt; }

Question 3

What would this CSS rule do ?

p { color:red;
}

1. Make the background of all paragraphs red.

2. Make the fonts of all paragraphs red.
3. Make all text boxes red.
4. Make the border of all paragraphs red.

Answer
Make the fonts of all paragraphs red.

Reason — The breakup of the rule is as follows:

 p is a selector in CSS, which targets all <p> elements. In HTML, <p> elements represent
paragraphs.
 {} encloses the declaration block, which contains one or more property-value pairs.
 color:red; is a property-value pair within the declaration block. Here, the color property is
set to red, which means the text color of all <p> elements will be changed to red.

So, applying this CSS rule to an HTML page would result in all paragraphs being displayed with red
text color.

Question 4

What would this CSS rule do ?

h2 { font-size:2em;
}

1. Make fonts in a specific h2 tag double in size.

2. Make fonts in all h2 tags double in size.
3. Make fonts in all h2 tags double in size and italic.
4. Make all fonts that are size 2, empty.

Answer

Make fonts in all h2 tags double in size.

Reason — The breakup of the rule is as follows:

 h2 is a selector in CSS, which targets all <h2> elements. In HTML, <h2> represents a heading
level 2.
 {} encloses the declaration block, which contains one or more property-value pairs.
 font-size:2em; is a property-value pair within the declaration block. Here, the font-
size property is set to 2em. The value 2em means the font size will be twice the size of the
default font size.

So, applying this CSS rule to an HTML page would result in all heading level 2 elements (<h2>) being
displayed with a font size that is twice the default font size.

Question 5

How do you link an external stylesheet to a page.

1. <link href='somefile.css'>
2. <link rel='stylesheet' src='somefile.css'>
3. <script rel='stylesheet' href=' somefile.css'> </script>
4. <link rel='stylesheet' href='somefile.css'>
Answer
<link rel='stylesheet' href='somefile.css'>
Reason — The correct syntax is explained below:

 <link> is an HTML tag used to include external resources, such as stylesheets.

 rel='stylesheet' is an attribute that specifies the relationship between the current document
and the linked resource. In this case, it indicates that the linked resource is a stylesheet.
 href='somefile.css' is the attribute that specifies the location (URL or file path) of the
external CSS file. In this case, it points to a file named "somefile.css".

By using this <link> tag with the correct attributes, we can connect an external CSS file (such as
"somefile.css") to our HTML document, allowing the styles defined in the CSS file to be applied to the
web page.

Question 6

Which one of these name and value declarations would not work ?

1. margin:20px 0 0 30%;
2. margin;20px 30%:
3. margin:20px 30%;
4. margin:20px 23px 5% 30px;

Answer

margin;20px 30%:

Reason — In CSS, declarations follow the format of property: value;. The value is assigned to the
corresponding property, separated by a colon : and terminated by a semicolon ;.
The option margin;20px 30%: has an incorrect syntax. The semicolon ; should be a colon : before the
value and the colon : at the end should be a semicolon ;.

Question 7

Which of the following CSS types is defined in the header of a Web page and applies to the entire Web
page document ?

1. Inline
2. Embedded
3. Inbuilt
4. External

Answer

Embedded

Reason — Embedded or internal styles are defined in the header of a Web page using the <style> tag
and apply to the entire Web page document.
Question 8

Which of the following type of CSS is coded in the body of the Web page as an attribute of an HTML
tag and applies ONLY to the specific element that contains it as an attribute ?

1. Inline
2. Embedded
3. Inbuilt
4. External

Answer

Inline

Reason — Inline style of CSS is coded in the body of the Web page as an attribute of an HTML tag
and applies ONLY to the specific element that contains it as an attribute.

Question 9

Where in an HTML document is the correct place to refer to an external style sheet ?

1. In Body section
2. In Head section
3. In a paragraph
4. Top of the document

Answer

In Head section

Reason — A <LINK> tag is used in the head section of HTML document to link the HTML page to an
external CSS file.

Question 10

Use the CSS ............... property to configure the cellpadding of a table.

Answer

table { padding : 50px 20px 20px 20px ; }

Question 11

What is the utility of dynamic websites ?

Answer

The utility of dynamic websites are as follows:

1. Dynamic websites allow easy content updates.

2. They tailor content based on user preferences.
3. They enable feedback forms, comment sections, and social media integration.
 4. They can fetch and display real-time data from databases or APIs enabling live updates like
news feeds, stock market information, weather updates, etc.
5. They support online transactions and inventory management.
6. They handle large amounts of content and user traffic.
7. They streamline processes and save time.

Question 12

What are some features of dynamic websites ?

Answer

Some features of dynamic websites are as follows:

1. User registration and authentication can be done.

2. Content management system (CMS) provides for easy content updates.
3. Search functionality to find specific content.
4. Database integration for dynamic content generation.
5. Interactive forms for user engagement.
6. E-commerce capabilities for online transactions.
7. Social media integration for sharing and interaction.
8. Personalization based on user preferences.
9. Dynamic content delivery for customized user experiences.
10. Analytics and tracking to gather data for analysis and optimization.

Question 13

What do you understand by Stylesheets? How are these useful ?

Answer

A style sheet is a file containing formatting guidelines that define the overall look of a document.

Style sheets are useful in the following ways:

1. It helps to separate structure and presentation. The HTML file can include structure tags and
style sheet takes care of the presentation of content.
2. Web pages download much faster.
3. Developers have to type less code, and the web pages are shorter and neater.
4. The look of the site is kept consistent throughout all the pages that work off the same style
sheet.
5. Updating design and general site maintenance are made much easier.
6. Errors caused by editing multiple HTML pages occur less often.

Question 14

What is CSS style rule? How do you define it ?

Answer
A CSS rule is a single statement in a style sheet that identifies what should be styled (the selector) and
how those styles should be applied (the declaration).

We define a rule by writing the selector tag without angle brackets. The properties and their values are
written in the following syntax:

selector { propertyname : value ; propertyname : value ; ...}

For example, if we want <H3 tag to have font face Arial and red color then we define the style rule as
follows:
h3 { font.family : Arial ; color : red ; }

Question 15

What are three ways of creating style rules? Give examples of each.

Answer

The three ways of creating style rules are as follows:

1. Inline — Styles are embedded right within the HTML code they affect. For example,

<h3 style = "font.family = Arial ; color = red ">

2. Internal — Styles are placed within the header information of the web page and then affect all the
corresponding tags on the page. For example,

<HEAD>
<STYLE TYPE = "TEXT/CSS">
h3 { font.family : Arial ; color : red ; }
</STYLE>
</HEAD>

3. External — Styles are coded in a separate document, which is then referenced from within the
header of the actual web page. For example, let there be a CSS file named sample.css :

h3 { font.family : Arial ; color : red ; }

p { font.family : Times New Roman ; color : blue ; }

...and so on...

To link sample.css file to an HTML document, we use the <link tag in the following manner:
<HEAD>
<LINK REL = "STYLE SHEET" TYPE = "TEXT/CSS" HREF = "SAMPLE.CSS">
</HEAD>

Question 16

What is the Cascading order of different style types ?

Answer

The cascading order of different style types from higher precedence to lower precedence is :
 1. Inline
2. Internal
3. External

Question 17

Where do you place the code to associate a Web page with an external style sheet ?

Answer

To associate a Web page with an external style sheet, we place the code in the head tag in the following
manner :

<HEAD>
<LINK REL = "STYLE SHEET" TYPE = "TEXT/CSS" HREF = "SAMPLE.CSS">
</HEAD>

where, sample.css is the name of the CSS file.

Application Oriented Questions

Question 1

How do you add a background color for all <h1> elements?

Answer

We define a rule for <h1> tag and use the property background-color to set the background color for all
h1 elements.
For example, to set the background color of all <H1> elements to blue, we define the rule as follows:
h1 { background-color : blue ; }

Question 2

How do you display a border like this :

The top border = 10 pixels

The bottom border = 5 pixels
The left border = 20 pixels
The right border = 1pixel
Answer

To display the given border, we use the border-width property and write the values in the order — top,
right, bottom, left. Thus, the rule will be written as follows:

selector { border-width : 10px 1px 5px 20px ; }

Question 3

How do you make each word in a text start with a capital letter ?

Answer
To make each word in a text start with a capital letter we set the value of text-transform property to
capitalize.

For example, to make each word in all <H1> elements start with a capital letter, we define a rule as:
h1 { text-transform : capitalize ; }

Question 4

Perform as instructed below.

(a) Create an HTML file namely index.html file with following guidelines :

x Make sure there are at least 2 paragraphs (<p>) in your HTML file
x Use h1, h2 and h3 headings
x Use a numbered and a bulleted list
x Use a table
x At least 4 hyperlinks
(b) Link to an external style sheet namely personal.css from your index.html file.

(c) Create a CSS document called personal.css (Make sure you save as type .css) with rules for the
following :

x Have your h2 headings :

(a) Appear in a color of your choice
(b) Be centered on the page (text-align: center;)
(c) In the Serif font family of your choice
x Double the H1 headings size (relative font size)
x For paragraphs
(a) Specify a font family and font size.
(b) Give a background color with 5 px padding on each side
x For tables
(a) Specify a border of width 3px
(b) Table heading in bold
x Remove the underline in your links.
(d) View the html file in a browser

(e) Create another CSS file with different style rules for above mentioned elements and then link
index.html to this CSS file. Now view index.html and see the change.

Answer

index.html

<html>
<head>
<link rel = "stylesheet" type = "text/css" href = "personal.css">
<title>HTML Introduction</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Introduction to HTML</h1>
<h2> What is HTML ? </h2>
<p>
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the standard markup language used
for creating and structuring web pages. HTML uses a system of tags
and elements to define the different components and content of a web
page.
</p>
<p>
HTML forms the foundation of web development and is often combined
with CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and JavaScript to create
interactive and visually appealing websites.
</p>
<h3> Advantages of HTML </h3>
<ol>
<li>Universal support across web browsers.</li>
<li>Easy to learn and understand syntax.</li>
<li>Platform independence for broad device compatibility.</li>
<li>Seamless integration with CSS and JavaScript.</li>
</ol>
<h3>Limitations of HTML</h3>
<ul>
<li>Limited styling and layout control.</li>
<li>Lack of built-in interactivity.</li>
<li>Insufficient data handling capabilities.</li>
<li>Browser compatibility issues.</li>
</ul>
<table>
<caption>Some tags of HTML</caption>
<tr>
<th>Tag</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>B tag</td>
<td>Used to make text bold</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>I tag</td>
<td>Used to make text italic</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>Check out these links to learn more about HTML:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.w3schools.com">W3 Schools</a></li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML">HTML
Wikipedia</a></li>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML">HTML
MDN</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.html.com">HTML Code Tutorial</a></li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
personal.css

h2 {
color: red ;
text-align: center ;
font-family: Times New Roman ;
}

h1 {
font-size: 2em ;
}

p {
font-family: Arial ;
font-size: 10px ;
background-color: cyan ;
padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px ;
}

table {
border: 3px solid;
}

th {
border: 3px solid; font-weight: bold ;
}

td {
border: 3px solid;
}

a {
text-decoration: none ;
}

Output
new-personal.css

h2 {
color: blue ;
text-align: left ;
font-family: Verdana ;
}

h1 {
 font-size: 3em ;
}

p {
font-family: Georgia ;
font-size: 14px ;
background-color: green ;
padding: 3px 8px 3px 8px ;
}

table {
border: 1px dashed;
}

th {
border: 1px dashed; font-weight: normal ;
}

td {
border: 1px dashed;
}

a {
text-decoration: overline ;
}