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Java EE 8 Design Patterns and
Best Practices

Build enterprise-ready scalable applications with architectural

design patterns

Rhuan Rocha
João Purificação

BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI
Java EE 8 Design Patterns and Best
Practices
Copyright © 2018 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form
or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations
embedded in critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented.
However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the
authors, nor Packt Publishing or its dealers and distributors, will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to
have been caused directly or indirectly by this book.

Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products
mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy
of this information.

Commissioning Editor: Richa Tripathi

Acquisition Editor: Alok Dhuri
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First published: August 2018

Production reference: 1080818

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

Livery Place
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B3 2PB, UK.

ISBN 978-1-78883-062-1

www.packtpub.com
 To my Aunt, Vanessa Rocha, for teaching me to have a calm look and observe the facts more
clearly. To my mother, Ivonete Rocha, for her sacrifices and power.

- Rhuan Rocha

To my two daughters, Carolina and Beatriz, who give me the energy to walk even further; to my
father, João Lobato, for his great wisdom and intelligence; and to my mother, Dinah, for her love
and affection.

- João Purificação
mapt.io

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 Contributors

About the authors

Rhuan Rocha is from Brazil and has experience with development using the Java language
and Java EE. Currently, he works as senior Middleware consultant in a partnership
between Red Hat and FábricaDS, and he applies Red Hat solutions using Red Hat
Middlewares. Furthermore, he has 8 years, experience with Java development and Java EE
development, developing enterprise applications and government applications.

João Purificação is an electronic engineer from Brazil with a master's in systems

engineering. He started working with software development as a C and C ++ programmer.
He has worked on the analysis, development, and architecture of Java-based enterprise
applications. As a Java/JavaEE consultant, he has participated in the development and
architecture of applications for private and government companies. He currently works as a
senior architect at Resource IT, a company based in São Paulo.
About the reviewer
Kamalmeet Singh got his first taste of programming at the age of 15, and he immediately
fell in love with it. After spending over 14 years in the IT Industry, Kamal has matured into
an ace developer and a technical architect. He is also the coauthor of a book on Design
Patterns and Best Practices in Java. The technologies he works with range from cloud
computing, machine learning, augmented reality, serverless applications, to microservices
and so on.

Packt is searching for authors like you

If you're interested in becoming an author for Packt, please visit authors.packtpub.com
and apply today. We have worked with thousands of developers and tech professionals,
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 Table of Contents
Preface 1
Chapter 1: Introduction to Design Patterns 8
Explaining design patterns 9
Explaining the Gang of Four design patterns 9
The catalog of Gang of Four design patterns 11
Understanding the advantages of design patterns 13
Understanding the basic design patterns of the Java world 14
Explaining Singleton 14
Explaining Abstract Factory 15
Explaining Facade 17
Explaining Iterator 17
Explaining Proxy 18
Explaining enterprise patterns 19
Defining the difference between design patterns and enterprise
patterns 20
Summary 21
Chapter 2: Presentation Patterns 22
Explaining the presentation tier 22
Explaining intercepting filter pattern 24
Implementing the intercepting filter pattern using Java EE 8 25
Implementing LogAccessFilter 25
Implementing LogBrowserFilter 27
Deciding filter mapping 29
Explaining the FrontController pattern 30
Implementing FrontController 31
Implementing the commands 33
The application controller pattern 33
Implementing DownloadFrontController 34
Implementing DownloadApplicationController 36
Implementing commands 39
The difference between the application controller and front controller
patterns 42
Summary 42
Chapter 3: Business Patterns 43
Understanding the business tier 43
Explaining the Business Delegate pattern 45
Client tier, presentation tier, and business tier 45
Table of Contents

Layers 45
Tiers 47
The classic Business Delegate pattern scenario 48
The benefits of the Business Delegate pattern 51
Business Delegate – obsolete or not 52
Explaining the Session Façade pattern 53
Benefits of Session Façade 54
Implementing the Session Façade pattern in JEE 55
The classic Session Façade pattern scenario 55
Implementing the Session Façade pattern 58
Explaining the business-object pattern 70
Applications with complex business rules 71
Motivation for using the business-object pattern 73
Benefits of business-object pattern usage 73
Implementing the business-object pattern 75
Summary 78
Chapter 4: Integration Patterns 80
Explaining the concept of the integration tier 80
Explaining the concept of the data-access object pattern 81
Implementing the data-access object pattern 82
Implementing the entity with JPA 83
Implementing DAO 85
Explaining the concept of the domain-store pattern 88
Implementing the domain-store pattern 90
Implementing the PersistenceManagerFactory class 91
Implementing the PersistenceManager class 92
Implementing the EmployeeStoreManager class 95
Implementing the StageManager interface 96
Implementing the TransactionFactory class 98
Implementing the Transaction class 99
Implementing the EmployeeBusiness class 100
Explaining the concept of the service-activator pattern 101
Java Message Service (JMS) 102
EJB asynchronous methods 104
Asynchronous events – producers and observers 104
Implementing the service-activator pattern 106
Implementing sending and receiving messages with JMS 106
Implementing the EJB asynchronous methods 107
Implementing asynchronous events – producers and observers 108
Summary 109
Chapter 5: Aspect-Oriented Programming and Design Patterns 110
Aspect-oriented programming 111
Compile-time versus run-time AOP 111
AOP in JEE scenario – the interceptor 112

[ ii ]
Table of Contents

A brief word about CDI and beans 113

The bean 113
Managed beans in CDI 114
Loose coupling 114
Interceptors in the JEE platform 115
EJB interceptor implementation 117
Intercepting method invocation 120
Interceptor class and multiple method interceptors 121
Intercepting life cycle callback events 122
CDI interceptor implementation 125
Decorator 128
The decorator pattern 128
The decorator in a JEE scenario 130
Decorator implementation 131
Summary 134
Chapter 6: Reactive Patterns 135
Explaining the concept of an event in CDI 137
Implementing an event in CDI 138
Implementing the FileUploadResource class 138
Bean sent on the event 139
Qualifier to select the JpgHandler observer to react to an event 139
Qualifier to select the PdfHandler observer to react to an event 140
Qualifier to select the ZipHandler observer to react to an event 140
The FIleUploadResource class 141
Implementing observers 143
Explaining the concept of an asynchronous EJB method 146
Difference between an asynchronous EJB method and an event in CDI 146
Implementing an asynchronous EJB method 147
Implementing EJBs 147
Implementing the FileUploadResource class 150
Calling an asynchronous EJB method to save a PDF 151
Calling an asynchronous EJB method to save a JPG 152
Calling an asynchronous EJB method to save a ZIP 152
Explaining the concept of an asynchronous REST service 152
Implementing an asynchronous REST service 153
Implementing the EJBs 153
Implementing the FileUploadResource class 155
Implementing the client API 159
Summary 160
Chapter 7: Microservice Patterns 162
Explaining microservices patterns 162
Inside a monolithic application 164
Difficulty in implementing new features and fixing bugs 166
Long application startup time 166
Inefficient continuous deployment 166
Low reliability 167

[ iii ]
Table of Contents

Difficulty using new frameworks and technologies 167

The scale cube 167
What microservices actually are 168
Microservices are not a silver bullet 168
Explaining how microservices architecture works 169
The application is decomposed into smaller components 170
Multitask teams 174
Product focus 175
Simpler and smarter processing 176
Decentralized governance of libraries and APIs 176
Single responsibility principle 176
Fault tolerance 177
Evolutionary systems 177
Decentralized data 178
Explaining when to use microservices architecture 178
How to decompose an application into microservices 179
Identifying microservices 179
Taking care of the process of extracting application modules that are
candidates for microservices 180
Establishing a hexagonal model for the application 182
Advantages and drawbacks of a microservices-based application 183
Microservices architecture patterns 184
Aggregator pattern 185
Proxy pattern 185
Chained pattern 186
Branch pattern 187
Asynchronous pattern 188
Implementing microservices 189
Summary 192
Chapter 8: Cloud-Native Application Patterns 194
Explaining the concept of cloud-native applications 194
Explaining the goals of the cloud-native application 195
Explaining the cloud design patterns 197
Composite application (microservices) 197
Abstraction 197
Twelve-factor 197
Codebase 198
Dependencies 199
Config 199
Backing services 201
Build, release, run 202
Processes 202
Port-binding 203
Concurrency 203
Disposability 203
Dev/prod parity 204

[ iv ]
Table of Contents

Logs 204
Admin processes 204
The API Gateway 205
The service-registry pattern 206
Config server 207
The circuit-breaker pattern 208
The circuit-breaker mechanism 209
Summary 210
Chapter 9: Security Patterns 211
Explaining the concept of security patterns 211
Explaining the concept of the single-sign-on pattern 212
Implementing the single-sign-on pattern 214
Implementing the AuthenticationResource class 215
Implementing the App1 and App2 classes 221
Explaining the authentication mechanism 225
Explaining basic authentication 226
Explaining form authentication 226
Explaining digest authentication 227
Explaining client authentication 227
Explaining mutual authentication 227
When to use the deployment descriptor, annotation, or programmatic
configuration 230
Implementing the authentication mechanism 230
Implementing the web.xml file 231
Implementing the HelloWorld class 232
Implementing the HelloWordServlet class 234
Explaining the authentication interceptor 235
Implementing the authentication interceptor 235
Implementing the CDI interceptor 236
Implementing the JAX-RS resource 242
Summary 243
Chapter 10: Deployment Patterns 244
Explaining the concept of deployment patterns 244
Explaining the concept of canary deployment 247
Defining the canary servers 248
Deploying the application to canary servers 249
Testing the application and verifying whether it satisfies our criteria 249
Deploying the application to remaining servers 250
Explaining the concept of blue/green deployment 250
Defining the group of servers to receive the first deployment 250
Deploying the application to a group of servers 251
Deploying the application to the remaining server 252
Explaining the concept of A/B testing 253
Defining a group of end users 254

[v]
Table of Contents

Defining the servers to receive a new version 254

Deploying the new version 254
Evaluating the impact of a new version 255
Explaining the concept of continuous deployment 255
Summary 256
Chapter 11: Operational Patterns 258
Explaining the concept of operational patterns 258
Explaining the concept of performance and scalability patterns 259
The cache-aside pattern 260
When to use the cache-aside pattern 261
The lifetime of cached data 261
Evicting data 262
Priming the cache 262
Consistency 262
Local (in-memory) caching 263
The CQRS pattern 263
When to use the CQRS pattern 263
The event sourcing pattern 264
Understanding the event of event sourcing 264
Promoting performance 264
Promoting decoupling 265
Promoting scalability 265
Promoting auditing 265
Explaining the index table pattern 265
The materialized view pattern 267
Rebuilding the materialized view 268
When to use the materialized view pattern 268
Explaining the sharding pattern 269
When to use the sharding pattern 269
Explaining the concept of management and monitoring patterns 270
The ambassador pattern 270
When to use the ambassador pattern 271
Explaining the health endpoint monitoring pattern 271
When to use the health endpoint monitoring pattern 272
Explaining the external configuration store pattern 273
When to use the external configuration store pattern 274
Summary 274
Chapter 12: MicroProfile 275
Explaining the Eclipse MicroProfile project approach 275
Eclipse MicroProfile Config 1.3 276
Eclipse MicroProfile Fault Tolerance 1.1 276
Eclipse MicroProfile Health Check 1.0 277
Eclipse MicroProfile JWT authentication 1.1 277
Eclipse MicroProfile Metrics 1.1 277
Eclipse MicroProfile OpenAPI 1.0 277

[ vi ]
Table of Contents

Eclipse MicroProfile OpenTracing 1.1 278

Eclipse MicroProfile REST Client 1.1 278
CDI 2.0 278
Common annotations 1.3 278
JAX-RS 2.1 279
JSON-B 1.0 279
JSON-P 1.1 279
Why should we use the MicroProfile project? 279
Community 280
Future work 280
Summary 280
Other Books You May Enjoy 281
Index 284

[ vii ]
 Preface
Over time, the world of enterprise has invested more and more in technologies and
applications that optimize processes and help businesses increase their profits and improve
services or products. The enterprise environment has challenges that need to be faced to
implement good solutions, such as the high availability of services, the capacity to change
when needed, the capacity to scale services, and the capacity to process a large amount of
data. With this, new applications have been created to optimize processes and increase
profits. The Java language and Java EE are great tools for creating an application for the
enterprise environment, because, Java language is multiplatform, open source, widely
tested, and has a strong community and a strong ecosystem. Furthermore, the Java
language has Java EE, which is, an umbrella of specifications that permit us developer
enterprise application without depending on vendors. The development of enterprise
application has some well-known problems that occur over and over. These problems
involve the integration of services, the high availability of applications, and resilience.

This book will explain the concepts of Java EE 8, what its tiers are, and how to develop
enterprise applications using Java EE 8 best practices. Furthermore, this book will
demonstrate how we can use design patterns and enterprise patterns with Java EE 8, and
how we can optimize our solutions using aspect-oriented programming, reactive
programming, and microservices with Java EE 8. Throughout this book, we learn about
integration patterns, reactive patterns, security patterns, deployment patterns, and
operational patterns. At the end of this book, we will have an overview of MicroProfile and
how it can help us develop applications using microservices architecture.

Who this book is for

This book is for Java developers who want to learn to develop and deliver enterprise
applications using design patterns, enterprise patterns, and Java best practices. The reader
needs to know the Java language and the basic Java EE concepts.

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Introduction to Design Patterns, introduces design patterns, looking at the reasons
to use them, how they differ from enterprise patterns, and how they behave in the real
world.
Random documents with unrelated
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 decay during the anarchy, ii. 438;
new school of, under Henry II., 439–445;
romantic school, 445, 449
Hoel, duke of Britanny, i. 222
Hoel I., count of Nantes, i. 117, 121
Hoel II., count of Nantes, i. 212
Hoel of Rennes, count of Nantes, i. 449
Holy Land, see Jerusalem
Hommet, see Richard
Hospitaliers, i. 357
Hospitals founded in Stephen’s reign, i. 357;
Henry II., ii. 198, 199
Houses, English, in twelfth century, i. 54, 55
Howden, see Roger
Hrolf the Ganger, i. 111, 124, 203
Hubert Walter, dean of York, ii. 278;
bishop of Salisbury, ib., 333;
elected to Canterbury, 326;
justiciar, ib.;
suppresses revolt, 327;
early life, 332, 333;
rivals, 334–336;
legate, 336;
his policy, ib.;
administration, 337–341, 348, 352–354;
fires Bow church and hangs William Fitz-Osbert, 347;
defeated in council at Oxford, 349, 350;
expedition to Wales, 351;
resigns the justiciarship, ib., 354, 355;
negotiates with Philip, 374;
regent for John, 390, 391;
crowns him, 392;
chancellor, ib.;
persuades John to dismiss the host, 427;
dies, 428;
his proposed college, 437
Hubert de Burgh, ii. 400, 407, 408, 426
Hugh, S., bishop of Lincoln, excommunicates the De Clères, ii.
306;
withstands Hubert Walter, 349;
buries Richard, 386;
dies, 399
Hugh of Nonant, bishop of Chester or Coventry, ii. 280, 293,
306, 310, 329;
his scheme of “new foundation,” 436
Hugh of Puiset, treasurer of York, excommunicated, i. 367;
absolved, 382;
bishop of Durham, 399, 400;
rebels, ii. 140, 141;
makes a truce with the Scots, 151;
fortifies Northallerton, 152;
calls in the Flemings, 162;
submits, 163;
takes the cross, 248;
justiciar, 279;
earl of Northumberland, 280;
character and antecedents, 283–285;
quarrels with the chancellor, 288, 291, 292;
relations with York, 303, 304;
quarrel with Geoffrey, 313, 316;
mission to France, 316;
besieges Tickhill, 323, 327, 328;
resigns Northumberland, 330;
tries to regain it, 335;
dies, 336;
his Boldon Buke, 478–480
Hugh, duke of Burgundy, i. 103, 104
Hugh the Great, duke of the French, i. 112, 123, 124, 204
Hugh Capet, duke of the French, i. 120, 124, 141, 142;
king, 125
Hugh I. count of Maine, i. 124;
subdued by Fulk the Black, 159;
dies, 156
Hugh II. count of Maine, set aside by Herbert Bacco, i. 204;
 restored, 205;
marriage and death, 206
Hugh of Este, count of Maine, i. 221, 224
Hugh the Poor, earl of Bedford, i. 320
Hugh Bigod, i. 278;
revolts against Stephen, 284;
earl of Norfolk, 430;
revolts against Henry, ii. 139;
takes Norwich, 155;
submits, 163;
his punishment, 167
Hugh, earl of Chester, rebels against Henry II., ii. 138;
taken prisoner, 148;
restored, 167
Hugh Bardulf, ii. 283, 330, 335
Hugh of Beauvais, seneschal of France, i. 155
Hugh of Gournay, ii. 146, 403
Hugh de Lacy, ii. 113, 116;
governor in Ireland, 117;
with Henry in Normandy, 145, 147;
viceroy again, 185;
slain, 242, 243
Hugh IX., the Brown, of Lusignan, ii. 398
Hugh X. of Lusignan, ii. 398, 405
Hugh of Ste.-Maure, ii. 129, 136
Hugh of Mortemer, i. 429, 430
Hugh de Morville, ii. 78
Hugh of Sillé, ii. 137
Huitdeniers, see Osbern
Humbert, count of Maurienne, ii. 132, 133, 134
Humfrey de Bohun, constable, ii. 113, 145, 149
Hungary, see Bela
Huntingdon, siege of, ii. 154, 156;
surrenders, 163;
earldom of, i. 282, ii. 154;
weavers at, i. 30, 52.
See Henry, Simon
Hyde abbey, i. 31

Ilchester, see Richard

Ingebiorg of Denmark, second wife of Philip Augustus, ii. 395
Ingelger, son of Tortulf, i. 105, 114, 128–131, 182
Ingelger, son of Fulk the Red, i. 112
Inispatrick, synod at, ii. 94
Innocent II., Pope, i. 299, 351, 355; ii. 93
Innocent III., Pope, ii. 351
Inquest, see Jury
Investitures, i. 15–18
Ireland, English trade with, i. 32, 35, ii. 87;
northmen in, ii. 82–86;
civil wars in, 89–91;
Henry II.’s proposal to conquer, 95, 431;
plans of Eugene III. and S. Bernard for, 95;
bull for its conquest, i. 431, 486, ii. 96;
Henry II. in, ii. 113–118;
condition in his later years, 181–185;
John made governor of, 234;
John in, 242;
Gerald’s treatises on, 457, 458.
See Brian, Dermot, Donell, Malachi, Murtogh, Niall, Roderic,
Terence.
See also Church
Isaac, king of Cyprus, ii. 317, 319
Isabel of Angoulême, ii. 398;
married to John, 399
Isabel de Clare, wife of William the Marshal, ii. 274
Isabel de Warren, ii. 29
Issoudun, ii. 361.
See Ralf
Ivo of Grandmesnil, i. 10

Jane, third daughter of Henry II., betrothed to William II. of Sicily,

ii. 60;
marries him, 189, 190;
 marries Raymond VI. of Toulouse, 371;
dies, 397
Jane of Montferrat, wife of William the Clito, i. 243
Jerusalem, kingdom of, condition under the Angevin kings, ii.
239;
taken by Saladin, 247.
See Baldwin, Fulk, Guy, Henry, Melisenda, Sibyl
Jews in England, i. 27, 46, 53;
under Henry II., ii. 486;
burial-grounds granted to, ib.;
massacres of, 289, 290;
relations with the Christians, 487, 488;
ordinance for their bonds, 488, 489
Joceas of Dinan, i. 301
Jocelyn, bishop of Salisbury, ii. 37, 67, 76
Jocelyn de Balliol, ii. 66
John “Lackland,” son of Henry II. and Eleanor, born, ii. 130;
betrothed to Alice of Maurienne, 132–134;
to Avice of Gloucester, 184;
appointed king of Ireland, ib.;
proposal to give him Aquitaine, 233;
knighted and sent to Ireland, 234;
his misconduct in Ireland, 242;
recalled, ib.;
proposal to crown him, ib., 244;
his treason discovered, 267;
reconciled to Richard, 274;
treats with Rees, 280;
his lands in England, 282;
marries Avice, ib.;
his power in England, 293;
quarrels with the chancellor, 297–301;
calls up the barons against him, 307;
enters London, 309;
appointed regent, 310;
alliance with Philip, 314, 323;
its terms, 363;
acknowledged heir by the English barons, 314;
negotiates with the chancellor, 315;
struggle with the justiciars, 323;
truce, 324;
charged with treason, 329;
reconciled to Richard, 334;
helps him against Philip, 369;
acknowledged in Anjou, 388;
invested as duke of Normandy, ib., 389;
burns Le Mans, 390;
goes to England, 391;
crowned, 391–393;
administrative arrangements, 393;
quarrel with Philip, 394;
treaty, 395, 397;
visits England, 396;
receives Arthur’s homage, 397;
Raymond’s, ib.;
does homage to Philip, ib.;
divorces Avice, 398;
marries Isabel, 398, 399;
crowned with her, 399;
meets the Scot king at Lincoln, ib.;
founds Beaulieu abbey, 400;
crowned at Canterbury, ib.;
summons the barons to Portsmouth, ib.;
goes to Paris, 401;
seizes Driencourt, ib.;
charges the Poitevin barons with treason, ib., 402;
cited to the French king’s court, 402;
condemned to forfeiture, 403;
sends troops into Britanny, 404;
relieves Mirebeau and captures Arthur, 406;
destroys Tours, 407;
quarrels with Otto, ib.;
cited by Philip for murder, 408;
condemned, ib.;
 his apathy, 410;
plan for relief of Les Andelys, 413, 414;
letter to garrison of Château-Gaillard, 419;
goes to England, ib., 420;
sends ambassadors to Philip, 424;
summons the host and dismisses it, 427;
sails to La Rochelle, 428;
takes Angers, ib.;
flies back to England, ib.;
comment on Hubert Walter’s death, 428, 429;
charter to London, 471, 472
John of Anagni, legate, ii. 257, 258
John of Canterbury, i, 354;
treasurer of York, 477; ii. 19;
bishop of Poitiers, ii. 30, 209
John de Courcy, ii. 184, 242
John of La Flèche, i. 222
John of Marmoutier, i. 126, 127
John the Marshal, ii. 32, 33, 260
John Oldman, ii. 157
John of Oxford excommunicated, ii. 66;
negotiations at Rome, 68;
escorts Thomas to England, 75, 77;
bishop of Norwich, 176
John Paparo, cardinal, legate to Ireland, i. 380; ii. 94
John of Salisbury, his studies and early life, i. 480–483;
enters Abp. Theobald’s household, 483;
becomes his secretary, 484;
character, 484, 485;
relations with Adrian IV., 485, 486;
with Theobald, 486, 504;
Polycraticus, 486–191;
Metalogicus, 504;
exiled, ii. 30;
brings bull “Laudabiliter,” 96
John Scotus, i. 86, 87
John, count of Vendôme, ii. 137, 151
John the Wode, ii. 106
John, S., knights of, see Hospitaliers
Jouin-de-Marne, S., battle of, i. 174
Judges, see Justices
Judicaël, bishop and count of Nantes, i. 148
Juhel Berenger, count of Rennes, i. 116
Julian, S., of Le Mans, i. 202
Juliomagus, see Angers
Jury, the grand, ii. 338
Jury-inquest, ii. 122, 123, 353, 354
Justices itinerant under Henry I., i. 26;
under Henry II., 433, 434; ii. 124, 125, 173–177;
commission of 1194, 337;
circuit of 1198, 356
Justiciar, the, his office, i. 21.
See Hubert, Hugh, Ralf, Richard, Robert, Roger, Walter,
William

Kavanagh, see Donell

Kells, synod at, ii. 94
Ketel of S. Edmund’s, ii. 472
Kinardferry, ii. 152, 155
King’s Court, the, i. 20, 21;
its judicial work, 25;
Henry II.’s changes in, ii. 174, 175
Kinsellagh, ii. 100
Kirkham priory, i. 67

Lacy, see Hugh, Roger

L’Aigle, see Richer
Lakenheath, dispute about market at, ii. 482, 483
Lambert, count of the Angevin march, i. 101, 130
Lambert, count of Autun, i. 121, 134, 135
Lambeth, college at, ii. 437
Landry of Châteaudun, i. 156, 193, 194
Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury, consecrates Patrick to
Dublin, ii. 89
Langley, see Nicolas
Laon, canons of, their journey in England, i. 30–35
Laurence, archbishop of Dublin, ii. 105, 108, 110
Law, canon, introduced into England, i. 378;
Roman civil, 379;
study of, in the schools, ii. 466
Layamon, ii. 491, 492
Leather-sellers’ gild at Oxford, i. 30
Legates in England, i. 350.
See Alberic, Gilbert, Henry, Hicmar, John, Malachi, Peter,
Theobald, Thomas, William
Leia, see Peter
Leicester, siege of, ii. 146, 147.
See Robert, Petronilla
Leinster, see Dermot
Leopold, duke of Austria, ii. 319, 371
Lespec, see Walter
Levée, the, on the Loire, ii. 200
Liber Niger Scaccarii, ii. 125
Liber Niger, see Peterborough
Lichfield, i. 40
Lidford, gild at, ii. 469
Lidorius, S., bishop of Tours, i. 179
Limerick, ii. 83.
See Donell, Gilbert
Limoges besieged by Henry II., ii. 225;
plundered by the young king, 226;
surrenders, 230.
See Ademar, Guy
Lincoln, i. 38–40;
weavers at, 30, 52;
merchant gild, 40;
castle seized by Ralf of Chester, 315;
besieged by Stephen, ib.;
battle of, 316–320, 344–346;
sacked by Earl Robert, 320;
castle again seized by Ralf, 334;
 given up to Stephen, 336;
Stephen at, 337;
Henry II. at, 438;
castle besieged by William of Longchamp, ii. 299;
John at, 399;
minster-library, 464, 465;
Richard’s charter to, 470.
See Aaron, Alexander, Geoffrey, Hugh, Remigius, Robert,
William
Lions, see Hervey
Lisbon won by English crusaders, i. 363
Lisieux, council at, i. 392.
See Arnulf
Lisoy of Bazogers, commandant of Amboise and Loches, i. 157,
184, 185;
advice to Geoffrey Martel, 185;
captures Theobald, 186
Literature, revival of, under Henry I., i. 80–95;
under the Angevins, ii. 439–460, 491–492
Loches, i. 110, 153;
treaty of, 187;
pledged to Philip, ii. 364;
taken by Richard, 366;
taken by Philip, 426.
See Lisoy, Thomas
Lodden, conferences at the, ii. 307, 308
Lombard, see Peter
London, its growing importance, i. 31;
walls and castles, 44;
cathedral, folkmoot, portreeve, sheriffs, 45;
fires, ib., 55;
weavers, 30, 52, ii. 481;
constitution under William I., i. 45;
under Henry I., ib., 46;
Jews in, 46;
suburbs, ib., 47;
schools, 47;
 character of its citizens, 47, 48;
Normans in, 48, 49;
trade, 49;
claim of its citizens to elect the king, 277;
loyal to Stephen, 313;
submits to the Empress, 323;
expels her, 324;
citizens at siege of Winchester, 326;
hospitals in, 357;
councils at, 381, 390, 429; ii. 314;
tumults in (1173), ii. 156–157;
meeting of barons at, 309, 310, 311;
the commune, 309, 310, 344;
rising under William Fitz-Osbert, 345–347;
gilds in, 469;
constitution under Henry II., Richard and John, 471, 472;
foreign commerce, 485;
gildhall of German merchants, ib.;
stone bridge, ib., 486.
See Andrew, Gilbert, Henry, Richard, Serlo, Thomas,
Westminster
Longchamp, see William
Lorraine, i. 120
Lothar, king of West-Frankland, i. 119, 120, 122
Lothar, see Innocent III.
Lotharingia, i. 120
Loudun, i. 123, 124, 139, 394, 444
Louis the Gentle, Emperor, partition of his realms, i. 98, 99
Louis From-beyond-sea, King of West Frankland, i. 112, 113;
Fulk’s letter to, 114;
dies, 119
Louis the Lazy (Fainéant), King of West Frankland, i. 123;
marriage, 191;
death, 125
Louis VI., King of France, his policy, i. 230;
supports William Clito, 235;
defeated at Brenneville, 237;
 treaty with Henry, 238;
marches against the Emperor, 241;
grants Flanders to Clito, 243
Louis VII., King of France, his quarrel with Blois and alliance
with Anjou, i. 342;
helps Geoffrey to conquer Normandy, ib.;
grants him its investiture, 343;
takes the cross, 361;
marries Eleanor, 383;
strife with Blois, 384;
attacks Normandy, 385;
dealings with Geoffrey and Eustace, 386, 387;
grants Normandy etc. to Henry, 388, 389;
divorces Eleanor, 392;
cites Henry to his court, 393;
war in Normandy, 395;
receives Henry’s homage, 443;
marries Constance, 446;
makes Henry seneschal, 450;
proposed crusade in Spain, 453, 497;
claims on Toulouse, 457;
throws himself into Toulouse, 464;
attacks Normandy, 466;
treaty, 467;
marries Adela, 468;
alliance with Blois, 469, 471;
driven from Chaumont, 471;
acknowledges Alexander III. as Pope, 502;
meets Alexander and Henry at Chouzy, ii. 13;
threatens war in Auvergne, 31;
welcomes Thomas, 42;
his view of the Becket quarrel, 53, 54;
receives homage of the two Henrys and grants Aquitaine to
Richard, 62;
meets Henry at Montmartre, 71;
Fréteval, 73;
supports young Henry’s revolt, 135, 136;
 attacks Normandy, 143;
burns Verneuil, 147;
meets Henry II. at Gisors, 148;
besieges Rouen, 164;
truce, 165;
renewed quarrel, 212;
treaty, 213;
pilgrimage to Canterbury, 216;
dies, 219
Louis, son of Philip Augustus, ii. 395, 397
Lucius II., Pope, i. 356, 360
Lucy, see Richard
Ludlow, i. 301
Lupicar, ii. 413
Lusignan, see Geoffrey, Guy, Hugh

Mabel of Glamorgan, wife of Robert, earl of Gloucester, i. 294,

328
MacCarthy, see Dermot
MacMurrough, see Dermot, Eva, Murtogh
Madoc Ap-Meredith, prince of Powys, i. 436, 437
Maidulf, founder of Malmesbury, i. 83
Maine (Cenomannia), duchy of, i. 203;
county, 106, 107;
its defiance of the house of France, 109;
claims of Normandy and France upon, 124, 203, 204;
granted to Geoffrey Greygown, 124, 140–142;
subject to Geoffrey Martel, 206;
relations with Normandy and Anjou, 216, 217, 222, 223;
conquered by William, 218;
revolts, 221, 222;
revolts against Robert, 223, 224;
condition under Elias, 224, 225;
won back by William Rufus, 3, 226;
Henry I. overlord of, 227, 233, 234;
united with Anjou, 233;
settled on William and Matilda, 236, 238;
 on Sibyl and Clito, 240;
pedigree of the counts, 253–256;
rebels in (1173), ii. 137.
See Aremburg, Biota, David, Elias, Gersendis, Herbert,
Hugh, Margaret, Paula, Roland
Maine, river, see Mayenne
Malachi, S., ii. 93, 94
Malachi II., king of Ireland, ii. 85
Malchus, bishop of Waterford, ii. 89
Malcolm IV., king of Scots, his claims on Northumberland etc., i.
435;
submits to Henry II., 438;
at war of Toulouse, 462;
homage to young Henry, ii. 14, 15
Malmesbury abbey, i. 83–87;
castle surrendered to Stephen, 304;
taken by Henry, 397.
See Ealdhelm, Godfrey, Maidulf, Turold, Warin, William
Maminot, see Walkelyn
Mandeville, see Geoffrey, William
Manorbeer, ii. 452
Mans, Le, (Vindinum), its early history, i. 201–203;
cathedral, 202, 238;
bishop, people and count, 202, 204;
advocacy of the see granted to Geoffrey Martel, 205;
taken by William, 218;
“commune” of, 222;
surrendered to Elias, 227;
marriage of Geoffrey and Matilda at, 244;
Henry Fitz-Empress born at, 268;
Geoffrey buried at, 390;
the young king buried at, ii. 230;
Henry II. at, 257, 258;
taken by Philip, 259, 263;
submits to Arthur, 389;
burnt by John, 390;
given up to John, 394;
 hospital, 198.
See Avesgaud, Gervase, Julian, Sainfred
Mantes, see Gaubert, Walter
Map, see Walter
March, Spanish, see Barcelona
Marche, La, bought by Henry II., ii. 214
Margaret of France, daughter of Louis VII. and Constance, i.
446;
betrothed to young Henry, 448;
intrusted to Henry II., 451;
Vexin settled upon her, 467;
married, 470;
crowned, ii. 81;
quarrels over her dowry, 232, 236;
marries Bela of Hungary, 235
Margaret of Maine, i. 216, 254
Marmion, see Robert
Marmoutier, abbey of, i. 181
Marshal, see John, William
Marson, i. 125
Martel, ii. 227
Martin, S., bishop of Tours, his life, i. 179–181;
appearance to Fulk the Good, 118;
“reversion,” 128, 131, 182;
“subvention,” 182, 187;
abbey, see Tours
Martin-le-Beau, S., i. 187
Mary of Boulogne, daughter of Stephen and Matilda, i. 469
Mary of France, daughter of Louis VII. and Eleanor, i. 445
Massey, see Hamo
Matilda (Eadgyth) of Scotland, first wife of Henry I., i. 9, 17, 93,
94;
called “good queen Maude,” 66
Matilda, daughter of Henry I. of England, widow of Emperor
Henry V., i. 242;
acknowledged as Henry’s heiress, 243, 268, 269, 274;
marries Geoffrey, 243, 244, 258–260;
 leaves him, 266;
goes to England, 268;
returns, ib.;
quarrels with Henry, 270;
qualifications for the throne, 274, 275;
enters Normandy, 276;
lands at Arundel, 309;
goes to Bristol and Gloucester, 310;
negotiates with the legate, 321;
in London, 323, 324;
besieges the legate at Winchester, 325, 326;
blockaded by the queen, 326;
escapes, 327, 328;
goes to Oxford, 329;
sends for Geoffrey, 330;
besieged at Oxford, 332;
escapes, 333;
returns to Gaul, 344;
trial of her claims at Rome, 370;
later years, 442, 443;
death, ii. 61
Matilda of Boulogne marries Stephen, i. 273;
crowned, 283;
blockades Dover, 299;
mediates between Stephen and David, 300;
drives the Empress from London, 324;
wins over the legate, ib.;
besieges Winchester, 326;
negotiates for Stephen’s release, 328;
founds S. Katharine’s Hospital, 357;
tries to reconcile Stephen and Theobald, 369;
dies, 399
Matilda, eldest daughter of Henry II. and Eleanor, born, i. 445;
betrothed to Henry the Lion, ii. 55;
married, 59–60, 189;
aid for her marriage, 125;
death, ii. 257 note 2{1241}
Matilda of Anjou, daughter of Fulk V., betrothed to William the
Ætheling, i. 234;
married, 236;
quarrel over her dowry, 240;
nun at Fontevraud, 248
Matilda of Angoulême, wife of Hugh IX. of Lusignan, ii. 398
Matilda of Saxony, daughter of Henry the Lion, her suitors, ii.
237;
marriage, 274
Matilda of Ramsbury, i. 304
Matthew, son of Theodoric count of Flanders, marries Mary of
Boulogne, i. 469;
dies, ii. 147
Matthew, tutor to Henry Fitz-Empress, i. 375;
chancellor, 376
Maude, “Good Queen,” i. 66.
See Matilda
Mauléon, see Savaric
Maurice, son of Geoffrey Greygown, i. 134, 135;
regent of Anjou, 153, 156, 194
Maurice Fitz-Gerald, ii. 100, 102
Maurice de Prendergast, ii. 102, 110, 111
Maurienne, ii. 131, 132.
See Alice, Humbert
Mayenne or Maine, river, i. 97
Mayenne, see Geoffrey
Measures, Assize of, ii. 348
Meiler Fitz-Henry, ii. 101
Melgueil, i. 463
Melisenda, queen of Jerusalem, i. 246, 361
Melun, i. 149, 189, 190
Merania, see Agnes
Mercadier, ii. 383, 390
Merlin’s prophecy, its fulfilment, ii. 429
Merton priory, i. 51, 67
Messina, Richard at, ii. 294–296;
treaty of, 368, 369
Metalogicus, i. 504
Metz, see Chrodegang
Metz (in Gâtinais?), i. 168
Meulan, see Robert, Waleran
Middle Kingdom, i. 99, 120
Middlesex, sheriffs of, i. 46
Miles Beauchamp, i. 320
Miles Cogan, ii. 105, 106, 184
Miles Fitz-David, ii. 101
Miles of Gloucester defies Stephen, i. 295;
joins the Empress at Oxford, 324;
earl of Hereford, 327;
slain, 334
Mirebeau, castle built by Fulk Nerra, i. 139, 151;
siege of, by Geoffrey Plantagenet, 267;
bequeathed to Geoffrey Plantagenet II., 394, 444;
Eleanor besieged in, ii. 406;
Arthur captured at, ib.
Mohun, see William
Molêmes, abbey of, i. 69, 70
Monmouth, see Geoffrey
Montbazon, i. 151, 163
Montboyau, i. 161, 163
Montcontour or St. Jouin-de-Marne, battle of, i. 174
Montferrat, see Conrad, Jane, William
Montfichet’s Castle, i. 44
Montfort, see Almeric, Bertrada, Robert, Simon
Montlouis, battle of, i. 186
Montmartre, conference at, ii. 71
Montmirail, conference at, ii. 61, 62, 69;
razed, 365
Montpellier, see William
Montrésor, i. 151
Montreuil-Bellay, siege of, i. 384–387.
See Gerald, Grecia
Montrichard, i. 151
Mont-St.-Michel, siege of, i. 5.
 See Robert
Moorfields, i. 47
Mort d’ancester, ii. 172
Mortain, see John, Stephen, William
Mortemer, see Hugh, Roger
Morville, see Hugh, Richard
Mountmorris, see Hervey
Mowbray, see Robert, Roger
Munster conquered by the Geraldines, ii. 183.
See Brian, Donell, Murtogh, Terence
Murdac, see Henry
Murtogh Mac-Murrough, ii. 109, 111
Murtogh O’Brien, king of Munster, ii. 89, 90
Murtogh O’Lochlainn, king of Aileach, ii. 90, 97, 98

Nantes, i. 101;
ceded to the Bretons, 102;
Angevin claims on, 116, 117;
attacked by Normans, 117;
counts and bishops, 121, 122;
seized by Conan, 146;
won by Fulk, 148;
Geoffrey Martel’s dealings with, 212;
union with Rennes, 449;
again independent, ib.;
seized by Conan IV. and claimed by Henry II., 450;
surrendered to Henry, 451;
significance of its acquisition, 452, 453;
Henry and Geoffrey at, ii. 58.
See Alan, Drogo, Geoffrey, Guerech, Hoel, Judicaël
Nest, daughter of Rees Ap-Tewdor, ii. 100, 453
Neubourg, i. 282, 470
Neufmarché, council at, i. 502
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, i. 37
Newark, i. 304
Niall of the Nine Hostages, ii. 84
Nicolas Breakspear or of Langley, i. 475, 476, 481.
 See Adrian
Nigel, bishop of Ely and treasurer, i. 302;
defends Devizes, 304;
chancellor, 418;
treasurer again, ib.
Nomenoë, king of Britanny, i. 101
Nonancourt, treaty at, ii. 213
Nonant, see Hugh
Norfolk, see Hugh Bigod
Normandy, duchy of, i. 111;
confusion under Robert Curthose, 11;
campaigns of Henry I. in, 11–13;
relations with England, 13, 23, 24;
with France, 24;
invaded by Henry of France, 210, 213;
claimed by Matilda, 276;
invaded by Geoffrey, 281, 306–308;
offered to Theobald of Blois, 282, 337;
Stephen in, 286;
granted to his son, ib.;
conquered by Geoffrey, 338–342;
ceded to Henry Fitz-Empress, 369, 377;
attacked by Louis VII. and Eustace, 385, 386, 394;
inquest on ducal demesnes, ii. 128;
rebels in (1173), 138, 139;
attacked by Louis etc., 143;
loyal barons in (1173), 146;
Henry’s administration in, 192–194;
laid under interdict, 315, 380;
submits to Philip, 424, 425;
dukes of, their claims upon Maine, i. 124, 203, 216.
See Geoffrey, Henry, Hrolf, John, Richard, Robert, William
Normans destroy Fleury, i. 112;
attack Nantes, 117;
fusion of Normans and English, 24, 48, 49; ii. 489, 490
“Normans” and “English,” different meanings of, i. 23, 24
Northallerton, i. 289