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6 Preface
Part I: Fundamentals of Part II: Object-Oriented Part III: GUI Programming
Programming Programming
Chapter 1 Introduction to Chapter 9 Objects and Classes Chapter 14 JavaFX Basics
Computers, Programs, and
Java
Chapter 10 Thinking in Objects Chapter 15 Event-Driven
Programming and
Chapter 2 Elementary Animations
Chapter 11 Inheritance and
Programming
Polymorphism
Chapter 16 JavaFX Controls
Chapter 3 Selections and Multimedia
Chapter 12 Exception
Handling and Text I/O
Chapter 4 Mathematical
Functions, Characters, Chapter 13 Abstract Classes
and Strings and Interfaces
Chapter 6 Methods
Chapter 7 Single-Dimensional
Arrays
Chapter 8 Multidimensional
Arrays
Chapter 18 Recursion
Appendixes
This part of the book covers a mixed bag of topics. Appendix A lists Java keywords.
Appendix B gives tables of ASCII characters and their associated codes in decimal and in
hex. Appendix C shows the operator precedence. Appendix D summarizes Java modifiers and
their usage. Appendix E discusses special floating-point values. Appendix F introduces num-
ber systems and conversions among binary, decimal, and hex numbers. Finally, Appendix G
introduces bitwise operations. Appendix H introduces regular expressions. Appendix I covers
enumerated types.
Student Resources
The Companion Website (www.pearsonglobaleditions.com/Liang) contains the following
resources:
■■ Answers to CheckPoint questions
■■ Solutions to majority of even-numbered programming exercises
■■ Source code for the examples in the book
■■ Interactive quiz (organized by sections for each chapter)
■■ Supplements
■■ Debugging tips
■■ Video notes
■■ Algorithm animations
8 Preface
Supplements
The text covers the essential subjects. The supplements extend the text to introduce additional
topics that might be of interest to readers. The supplements are available from the Companion
Website.
Instructor Resources
The Companion Website, accessible from www.pearsonglobaleditions.com/Liang, c ontains the
following resources:
■■ Microsoft PowerPoint slides with interactive buttons to view full-color, syntax-highlighted
source code and to run programs without leaving the slides.
■■ Solutions to a majority of odd-numbered programming exercises.
■■ More than 200 additional programming exercises and 300 quizzes organized by chapters.
These exercises and quizzes are available only to the instructors. Solutions to these
exercises and quizzes are provided.
■■ Web-based quiz generator. (Instructors can choose chapters to generate quizzes from a
large database of more than two thousand questions.)
■■ Sample exams. Most exams have four parts:
■■ Multiple-choice questions or short-answer questions
■■ Correct programming errors
■■ Trace programs
■■ Write programs
■■ Sample exams with ABET course assessment.
■■ Projects. In general, each project gives a description and asks students to analyze, design,
and implement the project.
Some readers have requested the materials from the Instructor Resource Center. Please
understand that these are for instructors only. Such requests will not be answered.
Video Notes
We are excited about the new Video Notes feature that is found in this new edition. These VideoNote
videos provide additional help by presenting examples of key topics and showing how
to solve problems completely, from design through coding. Video Notes are available from
www.pearsonglobaleditions.com/Liang.
Algorithm Animations
We have provided numerous animations for algorithms. These are valuable pedagogical tools Animation
to demonstrate how algorithms work. Algorithm animations can be accessed from the Com-
panion Website.
10 Preface
Acknowledgments
I would like to thank Armstrong State University for enabling me to teach what I write and for
supporting me in writing what I teach. Teaching is the source of inspiration for continuing to
improve the book. I am grateful to the instructors and students who have offered comments,
suggestions, bug reports, and praise.
This book has been greatly enhanced thanks to outstanding reviews for this and previous
editions. The reviewers are: Elizabeth Adams (James Madison University), Syed Ahmed (North
Georgia College and State University), Omar Aldawud (Illinois Institute of Technology), Stefan
Andrei (Lamar University), Yang Ang (University of Wollongong, Australia), Kevin Bierre
(Rochester Institute of Technology), Aaron Braskin (Mira Costa High School), David Champion
(DeVry Institute), James Chegwidden (Tarrant County College), Anup Dargar (University of
North Dakota), Daryl Detrick (Warren Hills Regional High School), Charles Dierbach (Towson
University), Frank Ducrest (University of Louisiana at Lafayette), Erica Eddy (University of
Wisconsin at Parkside), Summer Ehresman (Center Grove High School), Deena Engel (New
York University), Henry A. Etlinger (Rochester Institute of Technology), James Ten Eyck
(Marist College), Myers Foreman (Lamar University), Olac Fuentes (University of Texas at
El Paso), Edward F. Gehringer (North Carolina State University), Harold Grossman (Clemson
University), Barbara Guillot (Louisiana State University), Stuart Hansen (University of Wis-
consin, Parkside), Dan Harvey (Southern Oregon University), Ron Hofman (Red River College,
Canada), Stephen Hughes (Roanoke College), Vladan Jovanovic (Georgia Southern University),
Deborah Kabura Kariuki (Stony Point High School), Edwin Kay (Lehigh University), Larry
King (University of Texas at Dallas), Nana Kofi (Langara College, Canada), George Koutsogi-
annakis (Illinois Institute of Technology), Roger Kraft (Purdue University at Calumet), Norman
Krumpe (Miami University), Hong Lin (DeVry Institute), Dan Lipsa (Armstrong State Univer-
sity), James Madison (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), Frank Malinowski (Darton College),
Tim Margush (University of Akron), Debbie Masada (Sun Microsystems), Blayne Mayfield
(Oklahoma State University), John McGrath (J.P. McGrath Consulting), Hugh McGuire (Grand
Valley State), Shyamal Mitra (University of Texas at Austin), Michel Mitri (James Madison
University), Kenrick Mock (University of Alaska Anchorage), Frank Murgolo (California State
University, Long Beach), Jun Ni (University of Iowa), Benjamin Nystuen (University of Colo-
rado at Colorado Springs), Maureen Opkins (CA State University, Long Beach), Gavin Osborne
(University of Saskatchewan), Kevin Parker (Idaho State University), Dale Parson (Kutztown
University), Mark Pendergast (Florida Gulf Coast University), Richard Povinelli (Marquette
University), Roger Priebe (University of Texas at Austin), Mary Ann Pumphrey (De Anza Junior
College), Pat Roth (Southern Polytechnic State University), Amr Sabry (Indiana University),
Ben Setzer (Kennesaw State University), Carolyn Schauble (Colorado State University), David
Scuse (University of Manitoba), Ashraf Shirani (San Jose State University), Daniel Spiegel
(Kutztown University), Joslyn A. Smith (Florida Atlantic University), Lixin Tao (Pace Uni-
versity), Ronald F. Taylor (Wright State University), Russ Tront (Simon Fraser University),
Deborah Trytten (University of Oklahoma), Michael Verdicchio (Citadel), Kent Vidrine (George
Washington University), and Bahram Zartoshty (California State University at Northridge).
It is a great pleasure, honor, and privilege to work with Pearson. I would like to thank Tracy
Johnson and her colleagues Marcia Horton, Demetrius Hall, Yvonne Vannatta, Kristy Alaura,
Carole Snyder, Scott Disanno, Bob Engelhardt, Shylaja Gattupalli, and their colleagues for
organizing, producing, and promoting this project.
As always, I am indebted to my wife, Samantha, for her love, support, and encouragement.
Preface 11
Chapter 3 Selections 97
3.1 Introduction 98
3.2 boolean Data Type 98
3.3 if Statements 100
3.4 Two-Way if-else Statements 102
3.5 Nested if and Multi-Way if-else Statements 103
3.6 Common Errors and Pitfalls 105
3.7 Generating Random Numbers 109
3.8 Case Study: Computing Body Mass Index 111
3.9 Case Study: Computing Taxes 112
3.10 Logical Operators 115
3.11 Case Study: Determining Leap Year 119
3.12 Case Study: Lottery 120
3.13 switch Statements 122
12
Contents 13
3.14 Conditional Operators 125
3.15 Operator Precedence and Associativity 126
3.16 Debugging 128
Appendixes 773
Appendix A Java Keywords 775
Appendix B The ASCII Character Set 776
Contents 17
19
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with Unrelated Content
SERMON VI.
THE RIGHTEOUSNESS OF
FAITH.
ROM. x. 5, 6, 7, 8.
T
1. HE apostle does not here oppose the covenant given by
Moses, to the covenant given by Christ. If we ever imagined
this, it was for want of observing, that the latter, as well as
the former part of these words, were spoken by Moses himself, to
the people of Israel, and that, concerning the covenant which then
was. (Deut. xxx. 11, 12, 14.) But it is the covenant of grace, which
God through Christ hath established with men in all ages, (as well
before, and under the Jewish dispensation, as since God was
manifest in the flesh) which St. Paul here opposes to the covenant of
works, made with Adam while in paradise; but commonly supposed
to be the only covenant which God had made with man, particularly
by those Jews of whom the apostle writes.
3. They were ignorant, that Christ is the end of the law for
righteousness to every one that believeth, that by the oblation of
himself once offered, he had put an end to the first law or covenant
(which indeed was not given by God to Moses, but to Adam in his
state of innocence) the strict tenor whereof, without any abatement
was, “Do this and live:” And at the same time purchased for us that
better covenant, “Believe and live;” believe and thou shalt be saved;
now saved both from the guilt and power of sin, and, of
consequence, from the wages of it.
4. And how many are equally ignorant now, even among those
who are called by the name of Christ? How many who have now a
zeal for God, yet have it not according to knowledge: but are still
seeking to establish their own righteousness, as the ground of their
pardon and acceptance; and therefore vehemently refuse, to submit
themselves unto the righteousness of God? Surely my heart’s desire,
and prayer to God for you, brethren, is, that ye may be saved. And
in order to remove this grand stumbling-block out of your way, I will
endeavour to shew, first, What the righteousness is, which is of the
law, and what the righteousness which is of faith; Secondly, The
folly of trusting in the righteousness of the law, and the wisdom of
submitting to that which is of faith.
13. * Yet again: the covenant of works required of Adam and all
his children, to pay the price themselves, in consideration of which,
they were to receive all the future blessings of God. But in the
covenant of grace, seeing we have nothing to pay, God frankly
forgives us all: provided only, that we believe in him, who hath paid
the price for us; who hath given himself a propitiation for our sins,
for the sins of the whole world.
14. Thus the first covenant required what is now afar off from all
the children of men; namely, unsinning obedience, which is far from
those who are conceived and born in sin. Whereas the second
requires what is nigh at hand; as tho’ it should say, Thou art sin:
God is love. Thou by sin art fallen short of the glory of God; yet
there is mercy with him. Bring then all thy sins to the pardoning
God, and they shall vanish away as a cloud. If thou wert not
ungodly, there would be no room for him to justify thee as ungodly.
But now draw near, in full assurance of faith. He speaketh, and it is
done. Fear not, only believe; for even the just God justifieth all that
believe in Jesus.
Look steddily upon him, till he looks on thee, and breaks thy hard
heart. Then shall thy head be waters, and thy eyes fountains of
tears.
5. And to what end wouldst thou wait for more sincerity, before
thy sins are blotted out? To make thee more worthy of the grace of
God? Alas, thou art still establishing thy own righteousness. He will
have mercy, not because thou art worthy of it, but because his
compassions fail not: not because thou art righteous; but because
Jesus Christ hath atoned for thy sins.
Above all, how long wilt thou forget, that whatsoever thou dost,
or whatsoever thou hast, before thy sins are forgiven thee, it avails
nothing with God, toward the procuring of thy forgiveness? Yea, and
that it must all be cast behind thy back, trampled under foot, made
no account of, or thou wilt never find favour in God’s sight: because
until then thou canst not ask it, as a mere sinner, guilty, lost,
undone, having nothing to plead, nothing to offer to God, but only
the merits of his well-beloved Son, who loved thee, and gave himself
for thee.
T
HESE words naturally lead us to consider, first, The nature of
true religion, here termed by our Lord, The kingdom of God,
which, saith he, is at hand: and secondly, The way thereto,
which he points out in those words, Repent ye, and believe the
gospel.
9. Now is not this love the fulfilling of the law? The sum of all
Christian righteousness? Of all inward righteousness; for it
necessarily implies bowels of mercies, humbleness of mind (seeing
love is not puffed up) gentleness, meekness, long-suffering, (for love
is not provoked but believeth, hopeth, endureth all things) and of all
outward righteousness; for love worketh no evil to his neighbour,
either by word or deed. It cannot willingly either hurt or grieve any
one. And it is zealous of good works. Every lover of mankind, as he
hath opportunity, doth good unto all men; being (without partiality
and without hypocrisy) full of mercy and good fruits.
10. But true religion, or a heart right toward God and man,
implies happiness as well as holiness. For it is not only
righteousness, but also peace and joy in the Holy Ghost. What
peace? The peace of God, which God only can give and the world
cannot take away: the peace which passeth all understanding, all
(barely) rational conception; being a supernatural sensation, a divine
taste of the powers of the world to come: such as the natural man
knoweth not, how wise soever in the things of this world: nor indeed
can he know it, in his present state, because it is spiritually
discerned. It is a peace that banishes all doubt, all painful
uncertainty; the Spirit of God bearing witness with the spirit of a
Christian, that he is a child of God. And it banishes fear, all such fear
as hath torment; the fear of the wrath of God, the fear of hell, the
fear of the devil, and in particular, the fear of death: he that hath the
peace of God, desiring (if it were the will of God) to depart and to be
with Christ.
11. With this peace of God, wherever it is fix’d in the soul, there
is also joy in the Holy Ghost: joy wrought in the heart by the Holy
Ghost, by the ever blessed Spirit of God. He it is that worketh in us
that calm, humble rejoicing in God, through Christ Jesus, by whom
we have now received the atonement, καταλλαγὴν, the reconciliation
with God; and that enables us boldly to confirm the truth of the
royal Psalmist’s declaration, Blessed is the man (or rather happy)
whose unrighteousness is forgiven, and whose sin is covered. He it
is that inspires the Christian soul, with that even, solid joy, which
arises from the testimony of the Spirit, that he is a child of God; and
that gives him to rejoice with joy unspeakable, in hope of the glory
of God: Hope, both of the glorious image of God, which is in part
and shall be fully revealed in him; and of that crown of glory, which
fadeth not away, reserved in heaven for him.
II. 1. This is the way. Walk ye in it. And first, repent, that is,
know yourselves. This is the first repentance, previous to faith; even
conviction, or self-knowledge. Awake then thou that sleepest. Know
thyself to be a sinner, and what manner of sinner thou art. Know
that corruption of thy inmost nature, whereby thou art very far gone
from original righteousness, whereby the flesh lusteth always
contrary to the spirit, through that carnal mind which is enmity
against God, which is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed
can be. Know that thou art corrupted in every power, in every faculty
of thy soul; that thou art totally corrupted in every one of these, all
the foundations being out of course. The eyes of thine
understanding are darkned, so that they cannot discern God or the
things of God. The clouds of ignorance and error rest upon thee, and
cover thee with the shadow of death. Thou knowest nothing yet, as
thou oughtest to know, neither God, nor the world, nor thyself. Thy
will is no longer the will of God, but is utterly perverse and distorted,
averse from all good, from all which God loves, and prone to all evil,
to every abomination which God hateth. Thy affections are alienated
from God, and scattered abroad over all the earth. All thy passions,
both thy desires and aversions, thy joys and sorrows, thy hopes and
fears, are out of frame, are either undue in their degree, or placed
on undue objects. So that there is no soundness in thy soul; but
from the crown of the head to the sole of the foot (to use the strong
expression of the prophet) there are only wounds and bruises and
putrifying sores.
4. And knowest thou not, that the wages of sin is death? Death
not only temporal, but eternal. The soul that sinneth it shall die: for
the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it. It shall die the second death.
This is the sentence, to be punished with never-ending death, with
everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord, and from the
glory of his power. Knowest thou not that every sinner, ἔνοχος ἐστι
τῆ γεέννῃ τοῦ πυρός; not properly is in danger of hell-fire, that
expression is far too weak: but rather, is under the sentence of hell-
fire, doom’d already, just dragging to execution. Thou art guilty of
everlasting death. It is the just reward of thy inward and outward
wickedness. It is just, that the sentence should now take place. Dost
thou see, dost thou feel this? Art thou throughly convinced, that
thou deservest God’s wrath and everlasting damnation? Would God
do thee no wrong, if he now commanded the earth to open and
swallow thee up? If thou wert now to go down quick into the pit,
into the fire that never shall be quenched? If God hath given thee
truly to repent, thou hast a deep sense that these things are so; and
that it is of his mere mercy thou art not consumed, swept away from
the face of the earth.
10. Only beware thou do not deceive thy own soul, with regard
to the nature of this faith. It is not (as some have fondly conceived)
a bare assent to the truth of the bible, of the articles of our creed, or
of all that is contained in the old and new testament. The devils
believe this, as well as I or thou, and yet they are devils still. But it
is, over and above this, a sure trust in the mercy of God through
Christ Jesus. It is a confidence in a pardoning God. It is a divine
evidence or conviction, that God was in Christ reconciling the world
to himself, not imputing to them their former trespasses: and in
particular, that the Son of God hath loved me and given himself for
me: and that I, even I, am now reconciled to God by the blood of
the cross.
11. Dost thou thus believe? Then the peace of God is in thy
heart, and sorrow and sighing flee away. Thou art no longer in doubt
of the love of God: it is clear as the noon-day sun. Thou cryest out,
My song shall be always of the loving kindness of the Lord: with my
mouth will I ever be telling of thy truth, from one generation to
another. Thou art no longer afraid of hell, or death, or him that had
once the power of death, the devil: no, nor painfully afraid of God
himself; only thou hast a tender, filial fear of offending him. Dost
thou believe? Then thy soul doth magnify the Lord, and thy spirit
rejoiceth in God thy Saviour. Thou rejoicest in that thou hast
redemption thro’ his blood, even the forgiveness of sins. Thou
rejoicest in that Spirit of adoption, which crieth in thy heart, Abba,
Father! Thou rejoicest in a hope full of immortality, in reaching forth
unto the mark of the prize of thy high calling; in an earnest
expectation of all the good things which God hath prepared for them
that love him.
12. Dost thou now believe? Then the love of God is now shed
abroad in thy heart. Thou lovest him, because he first loved us. And
because thou lovest God, thou lovest thy brother also. And being
filled with love, peace, joy, thou art also filled with long-suffering,
gentleness, fidelity, goodness, meekness, temperance, and all the
other fruits of the same Spirit: in a word, with whatever dispositions
are holy, are heavenly or divine. For while thou beholdest with open,
uncovered face, (the veil now being taken away) the glory of the
Lord, his glorious love, and the glorious image wherein thou wast
created, thou art changed into the same image, from glory to glory,
by the Spirit of the Lord.
13. This repentance, this faith, this peace, joy, love; this change
from glory to glory, is what the wisdom of the world has voted to be
madness, mere enthusiasm, utter distraction. But thou, O man of
God, regard them not: be thou moved by none of these things. Thou
knowest in whom thou hast believed. See that no man take thy
crown. Whereunto thou hast already attained hold fast; and follow,
till thou attain all the great and precious promises. And thou who
hast not yet known him, let not vain men make thee ashamed of the
gospel of Christ. Be thou in nothing terrified by those who speak evil
of the things which they know not. God will soon turn thy heaviness
into joy. O let not thy hands hang down. Yet a little longer, and he
will take away thy fears, and give thee the spirit of a sound mind. He
is nigh that justifieth: who is he that condemneth? It is Christ that
died; yea rather that rose again; who is even now at the right-hand
of God, making intercession for thee. Now cast thyself on the Lamb
of God, with all thy sins, how many soever they be; and an entrance
shall now be ministred unto thee, into the kingdom of our Lord and
Saviour Jesus Christ!
SERMON VIII.
THE FIRST-FRUITS OF THE
SPIRIT.
ROM. viii. 1.
B
1. Y them which are in Christ Jesus, St. Paul evidently means,
those who truly believe in him: those who being justified by
faith, have peace with God, through our Lord Jesus Christ.
They who thus believe do no longer walk after the flesh, no longer
follow the motions of corrupt nature: but after the Spirit: both their
thoughts, words and works, are under the direction of the blessed
Spirit of God.