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1. The decimal system uses the number 9 as its base.

FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.01 Decimal System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

2. All digital computing devices perform operations in binary.

TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.02 Binary System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Units: Imperial

3. The base of a number system determines the total number of unique symbols used by that system.

TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.01 Decimal System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-1
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
4. In any number system, the position of a digit that represents part of the number has a weighted value associated with
it.

TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.01 Decimal System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

5. Usually a group of 8 bits is a byte, and a group of one or more bytes is a word.

TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.02 Binary System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

6. To express a number in binary requires fewer digits than in the decimal system.

FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.02 Binary System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-2
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
7. The octal number system consists of digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. There are no 8s or 9s.

TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.04 Octal System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

8.
8. The hexadecimal number system consists of 16 digits including the numbers 0 through 9 and letters A through F.

TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

9. In the Gray code there is a maximum of one bit change between two consecutive numbers.

TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.07 Gray Code
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-3
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
10. The radix of a number system is the same as the base.

TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.01 Decimal System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

11. Binary number systems use positive and negative symbols to represent the polarity of a number.

FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.03 Negative Numbers
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-4
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
12. The decimal system has as its base:

A.
2.

B.
5.

C.
8.

D.
10.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.01 Decimal System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

13. Which of the following number systems has a base of 16?

A.
Hexadecimal

B.
Octal

C.
Binary-coded decimal

D.
Gray code

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.05 Hexadecimal System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-5
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
14. In any number system, the position of a digit that represents part of the number has a "weight" associated with its
value. The place weights for binary:

A.
start with 1 and are successive powers of 2.

B.
increase by adding 2 for each place, starting with 0.

C.
increase by adding 2 for each place, starting with 2.

D.
start with 2 and double for each successive place.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.01 Decimal System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

15. The number 12 is:

A.
12 in any number system.

B.
12 in decimal.

C.
12 in binary.

D.
All of these choices are correct

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.01 Decimal System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-6
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
16. The decimal number 15 would be written in binary as:

A.
1111.

B.
1000.

C.
4C.

D.
00011001.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 3. Procedural
Bloom's: Verb 3. Apply
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Convert from one numbering or coding system to another
Subtopic: Number Conversions
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

17. The binary number 101 has the decimal equivalent of:

A.
3.

B.
101.

C.
41.

D.
5.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 3. Procedural
Bloom's: Verb 3. Apply
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Convert from one numbering or coding system to another
Section: 03.02 Binary System
Subtopic: Number Conversions
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-7
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
18. The number 127 could not be:

A.
decimal.

B.
hexadecimal.

C.
octal.

D.
binary.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 3. Procedural
Bloom's: Verb 3. Apply
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Convert from one numbering or coding system to another
Section: 03.02 Binary System
Subtopic: Number Conversions
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

19. The octal number 153 would be written in binary as:

A.
011 101 001.

B.
001 101 011.

C.
011 111 101.

D.
010 100 011.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 3. Procedural
Bloom's: Verb 3. Apply
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Convert from one numbering or coding system to another
Section: 03.04 Octal System
Subtopic: Number Conversions
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-8
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
20. The binary number 101101 would be written in decimal as:

A.
21.

B.
36.

C.
45.

D.
62.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 3. Procedural
Bloom's: Verb 3. Apply
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Convert from one numbering or coding system to another
Section: 03.02 Binary System
Subtopic: Number Conversions
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

21. The decimal number 28 would be written in binary as:

A.
11100.

B.
00111.

C.
10110.

D.
01011.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 3. Procedural
Bloom's: Verb 3. Apply
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Convert from one numbering or coding system to another
Section: 03.02 Binary System
Subtopic: Number Conversions
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-9
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
22. The octal number 62 would be written in decimal as:

A.
A12.

B.
F35.

C.
50.

D.
98.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 3. Procedural
Bloom's: Verb 3. Apply
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Convert from one numbering or coding system to another
Section: 03.02 Binary System
Section: 03.04 Octal System
Subtopic: Number Conversions
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

23. The hexadecimal number C4 would be written in decimal as:

A.
21.

B.
48.

C.
182.

D.
196.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 3. Procedural
Bloom's: Verb 3. Apply
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Convert from one numbering or coding system to another
Section: 03.04 Octal System
Subtopic: Number Conversions
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-10
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
24. The hexadecimal number 2D9 would be written in binary as:

A.
0010 1101 1001.

B.
1001 1011 0010.

C.
1100 1111 0010.

D.
0010 1011 1001.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 3. Procedural
Bloom's: Verb 3. Apply
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Convert from one numbering or coding system to another
Section: 03.04 Octal System
Subtopic: Number Conversions
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

25. The decimal number 213 would be written in BCD as:

A.
0010 0001 0011.

B.
1101 1000 1100.

C.
0111 1001 0011.

D.
1011 1101 0101.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 3. Procedural
Bloom's: Verb 3. Apply
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Convert from one numbering or coding system to another
Section: 03.06 Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) System
Subtopic: Number Conversions
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-11
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
26. One byte of the data shown is represented by:

A.
No. 1.

B.
No. 2.

C.
No. 3.

D.
No. 4.

Bloom's: Object 1. Factual

Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.02 Binary System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-12
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
27. The MSB of the data shown in Figure 3-1 is represented by

A.
No. 1.

B.
No. 2.

C.
No. 3.

D.
No. 4.

Bloom's: Object 1. Factual

Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.02 Binary System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-13
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
28. The memory size represented is:

A.
1023 K.

B.
1000 K.

C.
500 K.

D.
1 K.

Bloom's: Object 1. Factual

Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.02 Binary System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-14
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
29. The main advantage of using the Gray code is:

A.
only one digit changes as the number increases.

B.
it can be easily converted to decimal numbers.

C.
large decimal numbers can be written using fewer digits.

D.
it uses the number 2 as its base.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 2. Conceptual
Bloom's: Verb 2. Understand
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.07 Gray Code
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

30. The acronym BCD stands for:

A.
binary-coded decimal.

B.
binary code decoder.

C.
base code decoder.

D.
base-coded decimal.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.06 Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-15
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
31. For a base 8 number system, the weight value associated with the third digit would be:

A.
16.

B.
32.

C.
64.

D.
512.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.04 Octal System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

32. All digital computing devices operate using the binary number system because:

A.
most people are familiar with it.

B.
large decimal numbers can be represented in a shorter form.

C.
digital circuits can be easily distinguished between two voltage levels.

D.
All of these choices are correct

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.02 Binary System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-16
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
33. If a given memory unit consists of 1250 16-bit words, the memory capacity would be rated:

A.
1250 bits.

B.
20,000 bits.

C.
3260 bits.

D.
156 bits.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.02 Binary System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

34. In the sign bit position, a 1 indicates a(n):

A.
negative number.

B.
positive number.

C.
octal code.

D.
hexadecimal code.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.03 Negative Numbers
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-17
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
35. The 2's complement form of a binary number is the binary number that results when:

A.
all the 1s are changed to 0s.

B.
all the 0s are changed to 1s.

C.
1 is added to 1s complement.

D.
both all the 1s are changed to 0s and all the 0s are changed to 1s.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.03 Negative Numbers
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

36. The ASCII code:

A.
is used with absolute encoders.

B.
is considered to be an error-minimizing code.

C.
includes letters as well as numbers.

D.
All of these choices are correct

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.08 ASCII Code
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-18
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
37. A(n) bit is used to detect errors that may occur while a word is moved.

A.
parity

B.
negative

C.
positive

D.
overflow

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.09 Parity Bit
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

38. All number systems use position weighting to represent the significance of an individual digit in a group of
numbers.

TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.01 Decimal System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-19
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
39. The base of a number system is the total number of individual symbols in that system.

TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.01 Decimal System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

40. The binary number system is based on two bytes.

FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.02 Binary System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

41. The digit of a binary number that has the lowest weight is called the Least Significant Bit.

TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.02 Binary System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-20
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
42. A negative number in a digital system can be expressed by using the complement of a binary number.

TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.03 Negative Numbers
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

43. PLCs use the 1's complement method for performing subtraction.

FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Object 3. Procedural
Bloom's: Verb 3. Apply
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Add, subtract, multiply, and divide binary numbers
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

44. Decimal values entered into a digital machine must be converted into binary form.

TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Easy
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.02 Binary System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-21
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
45. 1011 is a legitimate BCD number.

FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.06 Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) System
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

46. Even parity is a method of adding a binary digit to a word to make the total number of 1s in the word even.

TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Know the characteristics of the numbering system codes
Section: 03.09 Parity Bit
Subtopic: Number System Characteristics
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

47. Decimal floating-point numbers usually take the form of scientific notation.

TRUE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Add, subtract, multiply, and divide binary numbers
Section: 03.11 Floating Point Arithmetic
Subtopic: Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication and Division of Binary Numbers
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-22
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
48. Double precision of floating point numbers requires 32-bits.

FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Object 1. Factual
Bloom's: Verb 1. Remember
Chapter: 03 Number Systems and Codes
Difficulty: Medium
Gradable: automatic
Learning Objective: Add, subtract, multiply, and divide binary numbers
Section: 03.11 Floating Point Arithmetic
Subtopic: Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication and Division of Binary Numbers
Topic: Number Systems and Codes
Units: Imperial

3-23
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McGraw-Hill Education.
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great Cabbin, and beinge at diner, we harde the crye of a
mearmaide, like as yf one had hailed our shipe; but our bootswane
forbid any man to make answeare or to louke oute.
The second daye the wynde came faire; the thirde day the wynde
being bade, we came to an anker at Firma[163] Teara, wheare our
botes wente a shore for freshe water and stores, not inhabeted, but
with bannished men thare. Neare unto a watche tower we founde a
man lyinge deade withoute a heade, for it had bene cut of by som
Turks as we supposed. This Iland is verrie neare a place or towne in
Spaine caled Iverse.[164] Our ship did rid but a litle from the toune
and Castle, which Castell is verrie stronge. The 6 daye, beinge
Sondaye, in the morninge, as we weare wayinge anker, Thare came
a boate from that toune, and broughte our marchantes for a
presente tow gootes, oringis, Lemons, leekes, and Chibbals,[165] and
grene beans, indeco, lettes, and other earbs. The 7th daye we sailed
by Caldaroune[166] and by Alligante, which is an hondrethe Leagues
within the straites mouthe; thare we mett with tow Flemishe sale
that came from Talloune.[167] The 8 daye we weare becalmed before
Alligante. The 9 daye we paste by Cape Pale,[168] in the nyghte
folloinge by Cape Degate[169]; in the morninge we weare becalmed
before Alama,[170] a fair toune in Spaine, as it is said, not moche
inferrier to London. We weare in a maner becalmed all that daye and
the nyghte followinge.
This day we saw greate store of the spane (spawn) of whales,
whearof they make spermacetie; it did swym upon the water as the
whale lefte it: upon the water it showed reed; but when we touke
upe som of it in a buckete, it was whyte, and like grease.
Also this daye, beinge a verrie smale gale of wynde, a great fishe
caled a storke (shark?), of a marvalus length, did follow our ship, sid
by sid, with his eyes a bove water waytinge for a praye; for if a man
had come withe in his lengthe of the water, he would hardly have
escaped him.
 Our Mr. goner made reddie his harpinge iron, and, when the sutle
fishe se him reddie to pitche it at him, he staied and fell behinde the
ship, and came up on the other side, and sarved him so 2 or 3
times; but at laste he hitt him a litle behinde the heade with a full
blowe, but his skine was so harde that the iron turned duble and
would not enter anythinge at all, only we myghte se a litle whyte
spott wheare it lighte. Nether did the fishe make any show of felinge
it, but turned him a boute, and wente awaye direcktly from the ship.
The 11th daye, the wynde beinge muche againste us, as we
weare turninge to gitt somthinge of the wynde, we came neare unto
the Castell Defeare[171] in Spaine, and verrie neare unto the shore,
we loukinge still when the Castell would shoute at us, but they
would not. Than, beinge com less than a league from the shore, we
had no wynde at all, and so it contenued all the nexte daye. By this
meanes our fleete weare scattered one a league from another, so
that yf the Spainishe gallis had come forthe they myghte have taken
us one after another.
That daye it was strainge to se how the porposis did rune in
greate fleetes or scoles (shoals), in what maner it is credable to
reporte, and the noyes that they made.
The 13th we mett with a ship of Yarmouthe. The 15th we came
neare to Gibletore,[172] wheare we mett with 3 Inglishe men (or
ships) and one Flemin, which made our fleete 14 saile; but the
wynde was so contrarie that we coulde not com neare the narrow
gutt of the straite’s mouthe, but laye becalmed unto Budgrow,[173]
also to Marvels,[174] and Grande Malligan.
The 16th we weare becalmede. The nexte morninge we saw 2
greate whalis, which wear so huge that we thoughte them to be tow
gallis or frigates: ite was an extreame hoote day.
The 17th, at 10 a clocke, the wynde came faire at northe-easte, so
that aboute a 11 of the clocke at nyght we entred into the narrow
gutt, which is 4 leagues in lengthe. At the son risinge we paste bye
Cape Sprott,[175] which is 10 leages withoute the straite’s mouthe,
at which time we had in our sighte 21 saile of ships.
The same daye, towardes nyghte, one shipe in our Companye,
caled the Rebecka, the which at that time was the moste speedie of
saile, touke her leve of us, with an intente to bringe the firste newes
into Ingland of our safe cominge homwardes.
The nexte morninge, beinge the 19th, we descried Mount Chegos,
[176] a hie lande in Spaine, 7 leagues from the Southe Cape.

The 20th, in the morninge, beinge Sundaye, verrie arlye, one in

our mayntope saw a saille Cominge towardes us direckly; and when
we myghte well desarne the hull of her, we did know her to be the
Rebecka, the same shipe that touke her leve of us tow dayes before
to carrie newes of our safe cominge homwards. The Cause of the
returne of that ship was for that tow galliouns of Spaine did give
Chace unto her, yeate nothinge so good of saile as she; but the Mr.
of the Rebecka thoughte them to be Carreks[177] Cominge from the
Indies loden with greate welthe, whearin he was muche desaved, for
theye weare tow men-of-warr that did ly in wayte for our ship, as
afterwardes theie confesed. When they weare come neare unto us,
we did also thinke them to be but than cominge from the Indies.
One of them was a shipe of one thousande tow hundrethe tone, the
other 8 hundrethe. Our Mr. was verrie unwillinge to feighte with
them, but our saylors was verrie desierus; so we presently wente to
prayers, and than our gonors made reddie their ordinance,
feightes[178] oute, and everie man his place appointed, and all
thinges in reddines, we havinge the wynde of the Spanishe ships.
Our ship, caled the Heckter, laye sid by sid to the greate gallioune,
and an other Inglishe shipp Called the Greate Susan laye close by
the other, ever expectinge who would give the firste shoute. All the
other ships that weare before in our Companye weare gone a league
and more of from us, without dainger of any shott. Thare was great
odes betwixte our shipp, that ship was caled the Great Suzana
[Here some pages are missing.][179]
unto him, and desiered him to give me and my mate Harve leve to
go a shore thare, and we would take poste horse, and make what
speed we Could to London; so at laste he granted me and 3 more
leve to goo, upon Condition that we would take the Spainishe
Captaine with us, and bringe him safe unto the marchantes, the
which we promesed to doo.
Than we wente a shore at Dover, and our trompetes soundinge all
the waye before us into the towne, wheare we made our selves as
merrie as Could, beinge verrie glad that we weare once againe upon
Inglishe ground. After diner, thar Came into the toune a Franche
imbasseter, beinge accompened with divers knightes and jentlmen of
Kente; so, at tow of the Clocke, we touke poste horse to
Canterburrie, and from thenc to Rochester that nyghte, and the
nexte day to London.
 PART II.
DR. COVEL’S DIARY.

DR. COVEL’S DIARY.

Cap. 2.—Our Leaving the Downs, and Passage through the Channel
to Sea.

ept. 21. In the morning we had a fresh gale

at N.N.E., and it so continued between N.
and E. a fair wind for us. About half-an-hour
after eleven we set sail out of the Downes,
being seven general ships, for the Levant;
Captain Partridge in the Turkey Merchant, for
Scanderoon.

Capt. Joh. Hill, in the London Merchant, } for Smyrna and

Capt. Pain, in the Speedwell, } Constantinople.
Capt. Dier Roles, in the Mary and Martha, } for Smyrna.
Capt. Kerington, in the Levant Merchant, }
Capt. Stoey, in the Pearl, }
Capt. Bromwell, in the Tho. and Frances, } for Smyrna and
Scanderoon.

Our convoy were, Capt. Robinson, in the Greenwich,[180] as

Admiral (who was to leave us at the next end of Candia, and go on
to Scanderoon with the Turkey Merchant), and Capt. Wild, in the
Assurance, as Vice-Admiral, who was to go with all the rest of us as
far as Smyrna, with Virginia men, and some coasters and
streightsmen.[181] We made up in all about 100 sail going out of the
Channel. I took my passage upon the London Merchant, with that
very able and long-experienced Seaman, a most carefull and
understanding commander, Capt. John Hill, whose honest, sober,
and discreet management of all his affaires I can never sufficiently
commend, as I must never forget his singular respect and kindnesse
to myself.

Cap. 3.—Our Passage from the Land’s End to the Streightsmouth.

Saturday, Sept. 24. About ½ an hour past two, afternoon, we

weigh’d anchor, and stood of with an easy sail. Next morning, by
eight o’clock, we were clear of the Land’s End, leaving it N. 6 W.
about nine leagues, and we told 75 sail in company.
Sept. 26. The wind came up at South. It blew hard, and brought
much rain. We made several tacks, and our Freshmen passengers
were all in a miserable, squeamish, and puking condition. I had held
up perfectly well till that morning, when I began (as well as the rest)
to find some odde wamblings in my stomack. Wherefore, counting it
very healthfull, at first coming to sea, to evacuate what humours
might overflow, I went and sat down in the Captaine’s Round-
house[182] on purpose to provide that designe; for the higher any
one sit within the ship, the motion of it affects him the more, and
cause his giddinesse and mawkishnesse to be the greater. After I
had sat there till I was sufficiently squeamish, I went down to the
Cook and got at least thre pints of warme small beer into my belly,
and then returned up to the Round-house again, where the reeling
of the Ship had its desired effect. I then went down and took a
second dose of warme beer, and so came up to the Round-house
again; and after somewhat a longer pause then before, I fell to my
former exercise. This I repeated several times, till at last, when I
cam down to the wast[183] of the ship, and took a turn or two there,
I found my stomack begin to settle. I immediately drank a spoonful
of Purle[184] royall (as they call it), that is, sack and wormwood, and
a little while after I took as much more. Thus for a while supping not
above one spoonfull at a time (sometimes of old Hock, sometimes of
sack, with wormwood), I afterwards continued walking gently and
santering up and down the Ship, till by noon I could have eaten and
drunk as well as any one. But I dined onely with a little fresh broth,
and as much Cremor tartari in it as made it palatable; and with a
cautious and moderate diet, I was very well in lesse than 24 houres,
and I thank God I never was in the least sea-sick after in any
weather whatever.
Sept. 29. The Admiral called all the Turkish commanders on board.
He told them that the Dutch and we had chased six Algier men of
War on shoar at Cape Spartel (which is the most northern Cape of
Africk, just at the Streight’s mouth) not far from Tangier, and that
we had sunk, and fired, and destroy’d them all, and released many
English and Dutch prisoners. He had received the news by some
Dutch Merchant ship, which that day past by us; for all ships, if
friends, when they meet upon the sea, share up to one another, and
sometimes lay by their sails, or send of their boats, mutually to hear
and relate what newes they have.
Saturday, October 1st. The Admiral and Vice-Admiral, and several
Commanders, came on board us, and dined with us; and on the 3rd
we all dined on board the Turkey Merchant. When we thus treat one
another, if the weather be fair and will permit it, we seldome fail of
some merry fellows in every ship’s crew, who will entertain us with
several diversions, as divers sorts of odde Sports and Gambols;
sometimes with their homely drolls and Farses, which in their corrupt
language they nickname Interlutes; sometimes they dance about the
mainmast instead of a may-pole, and they have variety of forecastle
songs, ridiculous enough.
Oct. 5. The wind blew hard all night, and with the labouring of the
Ship the table and chaires in the great Cabin brok loose from the
cords with which they were lash’t, and hurt our surgeon and some of
the gentlemen that were up there.
Oct. 7. At 6 o’clock at night we saw to S.E. 25 sail going
southward, and we saw them again, next morning, about 6 o’clock.
We took them for Newfoundland men going for Lisbon and the
Streights.
Oct. 8. About 10 o’clock the Burlinges appear’d S. from us (which
are rocks lying of from the nethermost Cape of the last stretch
before you go into Lisbon). We were in 39° 55´ of latitude, and
observ’d a current on those coasts setting Southwards. That night
we lay by. Next morning we reckon’d 26 sail between us and the
Rock of Lisbon. They were Flemings, and we supposed them to be
the same which we had seen the day before standing to the
Southwards.
Oct. 9. Sunday, about 2 afternoon, some Hollanders came into our
Company. It blew a violent gust of wind; we lay by with our head to
the westward all night till next morning.
Oct. 11. At 4 afternoon the ships from Cadiz or Cales went in. We
saw there in the Harbour a great ship at Anchor, with the English
Flag at the main top mast head, which we concluded to be Sir Thos.
Allen.[185]
Oct. 12. At noon we were in 18 fathom water northwards of from
Tangier. The Admiral’s boat went ashoar to carry letters and newes,
but stay’d not long, so that in 18 dayes we went from Plymouth
Sound to the Streight’s mouth.

Capt. 4.—From the Streight’s Mouth to Tunis.

 * * * * *

The seamen have a custome to demand passage-money of every

one that never past the streights before. Those that refuse to pay,
they seise them and duck them down from main yard end into the
Sea. There were several that chose rather to be plunged than to part
with their money; for many that could swim would in calm weather,
for a smal reward, leap from the main yard and into the Sea, but
they alwayes took care to fall streight up (end wayes) upon their
feet, with their legs close, into the Sea; for to fall otherwise so high
on the water (especially upon the belly) would bruise or spoil a man.
Our seamen told us that they had the very same custome
whenever they past between the Burlenges and the main land of
Portugal, in their voyages to Lisbon; and a French sailor who was on
board us told us of a mad ceremonious fashion they had of dousing
every freshwaterman (with a pail of sea-water), which they
nicknamed his Baptism, if he never before had past between Les
Scenes and the firme land at Bretaigne.
Having run a convenient while on the Barbary coast, we shar’d of
toward Gibraltar, and Oct. 12, at 4 o’clock, we were within lesse
than a league of it, having it N. b. W. We saw two Flag Ships in the
Bay. The mountain that overlooks the Town of old was called Calpe.
It seem’d, indeed, very high—much higher than Abila, especially
when we were near it.[186] The side to the south shows reddish, and
hollow’d in, as if it had been battered down or mouldred away. The
top is little and flat, and this, perhaps, might make some of the
Antients to compare it to half of a broken pitcher inverted, or turn’d
with the bottom upwards. It shew’d very steep towards the E., but in
all its shapes as we past bye I could by no means fancy either it or
Abila in the least.
At six o’clock we met with two of our men of war going out of the
Streights. About 12 o’clock that night, or something after, The Pearl
fell foul upon our Ship, and rent of the Gallery on the Larboard side.
Some of the passengers (who lay in the G. Cabin) were up, and one
of them had just been in that very gallery, but feeling it somewhat
cold, he did not stay, but stept into the G. cabin, and in that very
moment this damage happened. The crash of the gallery alarmed us
all, but we soon recovered ourselves when we understood the whole
matter. However, we had all, indeed (especially that Gentleman) a
great deliverance, for had the wind or waves become so high as to
have rowl’d the Pearl upon us with greater violence, we might have
(one or both) gone to the bottome. S. D. G.
Oct. 13. About 11 o’clock the whole fleet was becalm’d on a
sodain under C. Malaga; yet, by 6 that evening, we had a stiff gale
for half-an-hour. At 8 we came to anchor before Malaga, in 14
fathom water. Next morning, about ten, we went on shore and
hosted with Signor Carlos, an Irishman.
The first thing we went to see was the Major Domo, or great
Church. It is, to the best of my remembrance, in a manner, round,
Scalop’t, as it were, on the sides into 6 or 7 hollow moldings, like
vast great niches; and in every one was an Altar for private Masse.
[187] The Cupola is hang’d upon rows of pillars, set in a round
likwise, so as we may walk conveniently between them and the
Entrance into those round Isles or niches. We were there in the time
of high masse, yet, so long as we were bare-headed, and behaved
ourselves gravely and civilly, we might walk up and down and se
every thing without the least molestation. One of our company (a
young man who had had the misfortune of too precise an
Education), seing we design’d to go into the Domo, came to me and
my brethren (the other two Chaplaines going for Smyrna and
Aleppo), and askt us whether we were not afraid, and touch’t in
conscience, to go into an Idol Temple, as he cal’d it. I told him I was
of St. Paul’s mind, To me an Idol is nothing. I could myself freely go
into it, if it was an Idol Temple, for God, the searcher of hearts,
knowes that I do not do it to joyn in their way of worship, but onely
to se it and be the better able to discourse of it as an eye witnesse,
and confute what was really unlawfull in it. But I bad him have a
care; if he had any scruple, I advised him to go home, which he did.
I mention this passage here, because this young man that was so
extremely scrupulous, fell into great debaucheries afterwards at
Smyrna, and at last turn’d Turk. Let the greatest Saint that thinketh
he standeth, take heed lest he fall.
We thence went to see Sta. Victoria, which is a convent of
Augustines. In their Church are (ἀναθήματα) offerings hang’d up
without number, in memory of deliverances and miracles wrought by
that Saint, which they there call virgo miraculosissima. Amongst the
rest is a small boat of reeds, cover’d over with a kind of Tarpaulin,
about 4 or 5 yards long, in which 7 Christians (after their prayers, I
suppose, to this Saint) escaped from captivity at Algiers to this port.
There hangs up the effigies of a child that was raised from the dead,
and a serpent of great length (I guest it 4 or 5 yards), which had
been destroy’d by Christians in Africa, and sent hither. There is
within (as in most convents) a fair square court, cloyster’d above
and beneath; in the upper cloyster are the Brethren’s cells, in the
lower the walls are hang’d with pictures, most of them representing
miracles wrought by their saints. One was how a dish of fry’d fish,
by a crosse of the Saint’s finger (I think it was the founder of their
Order), revived, and leapt down out of the dish as quick as ever they
were. Another was how he supported a stone of 100 tons weight
(that was falling upon him and his attendants) only with his stick, or,
rather, with a bullrush in his hand. My brother Huntingdon[188] and I
convers’t with the good Fathers that went about with us in the
Latine, and as any very remarkable thing occurr’d we interpreted the
story in English to our company. Now it happen’d that one Paulo, a
Greek (who had been in England some time to learn our language,
in order to be a Turgeman[189] to our nation at Smyrna), being by,
and hearing us recount these miracles, very indiscreetly broke out
into a loud laughter. The Fathers were very highly and very justly
incensed at it, and we had much adoe to pacify them, and excuse
the folly of the fact. It hath been a warning to me to make better
choyce of my company in such places ever since, least I might suffer
for the men’s rudeness and childish indiscretion.
 Therefore that evening, with more wary friends, we went and saw
(San Domingo) the Convent of the Dominicians. It was a very fine
and sweet place, built much after the fashion of the former, but
much more beautifull and stately. In the middle of the court was a
little garden, enclosed with a hedge of oranges and lemons, like our
codling[190] hedges; in the quarters stood small orange and lemon
trees, and pots of several very pleasant greens. Santering up and
down, we walk’t into the Upper Cloyster; and seeing a door and
entry open into a fair room, where somebody was talking, one of our
company, who spoke Spanish, ventur’d boldly in, but sodainly made
a profer to retire, as being mistaken. It happen’d to be a very
Reverend Father’s lodging, who presently stept out to us and
accepted our apologyes as being strangers, and not knowing our
way out. He earnestly invited us in and gave us a noble treat of
sweetmeats and fruits, and several sorts of wine. He afterwards
caryed us down into a large garden, and bad us gather what
oranges and lemons, and what fruits and flowers we pleased, and at
last brought us out to the gate, where, with all decent respect, and
many thanks for his extraordinary courtesy and civility, we took our
leave. He had in his chamber very many excellent pictures; one was
of Christ taken from the Crosse, which he valued at 3,000 dollars;
besides the admirable painting, I took especiall notice of the
unusuall manner of the head, the face being roundish, the hair being
flaxen, or inclined to yellow, and the beard short and curl’d round
about the chin.
Next morning, Oct. 15, an ingenious Gaille man[191] (one Mr. Jolly)
and I, by chance were standing by one of the gates of the City
towards the Sea, and talking of the strength of the Town. I happen’d
to say that gate seem’d so decay’d and crazy, as surely it could not
well be moved without falling to pieces. There stood a man just by
us in mean habit (but dressed in all things like a Spaniard) who, in
as good English as we could speak, said, Yes, Sir, I assure you it is
shut every night and opened every morning, as you may guesse by
the Hinges; which were then almost worn away. We were not a little
surprised, and we made this reflection in ourselves upon it, that
Strangers ought to be very carefull what they talk in their own
language in other Countryes before them whome they know not, for
they may be better understood then they think for, and easily
entrapt or involved in difficultyes beyond what they intended or
imagin’d. However, it happen’d otherwise with us now, for, talking
farther with him, he proved an high man who was maryed and lived
in Town; he was extreamly civil to us, and offer’d to show us what
we had not yet seen of the City. We accepted the favour, and with
him we went to several Nunneryes, where, instead of dull, mopish,
vapour’d women, or grave precise matrons, as we expected, we
found as pleasant, bright, and airy ladyes as ever I met with all
elsewhere in all my life. Their particular chat is not worth the
recounting, but it was extreamely gentile, merry, and diverting. We
past for Captaines (I suppose our Interpreter had named us so), and
they beg’d of us every where for some cheese, or butter, or Holland,
or thin stuffs. We always stick to one answer, assuring them that we
had no provisions to spare, for we put into that port on purpose to
buy some; we were laden only with Tin and Lead for Turkey, and
some cloth which was not our own. They offer’d us many fine works
and several sorts of sweetmeats to sale; we bought some which
were very admirably well done. My Lord Baltimore[192] had then a
daughter in one of these Nunneryes which we saw (I think it was at
San Bernado); she was but a girl, and placed there onely for
education, and undoubtedly (setting religion aside) it is a way of
breeding infinitely beyond all our English Schools. A very lovely sister
there beg’d a silver pick-tooth and case of me, and return’d me for it
a pretty little picture of the V. M., curiously wrought, all with
coloured straw. Platonic love is here very much esteem’d and
practised, and really I have that charity and Justice to believe it may
be done with perfect innocence. In one place we found a jolly Friar
talking at the grate with the Sisters, who, with great civility, retired
so soon as we came in. Once, as we were sitting by them, in came a
surly, stately Don, very richly attired; and after a profound reverence
towards the Ladys, and a kind of a scornfull nod to us, he lean’d his
head to the wall by the side of the grate, and with his armes and
leggs acrosse, and his eyes fixt upon one of them (which was very
ingenious, but not handsome), he stood thare in such a fixed
posture as, had it not been sometimes for a sneaking silly sigh (true
or feign’d, I know not), you would have thought he rather saw
Medusa’s head then his dear Dulcinea’s face. He spoil’d all our mirth;
all was hush’d, and after a decent pause we left him to his
Devotions. He askt our Interpreter whether we were Catholics; he
answered Yes, and all past very well.
One of our English Merchants there (of good repute, though I
shall not vouch the truth of his story), hearing me recount this
adventure, told us that about 7 or 8 years before, soon after his first
coming to Malaga, he had got acquainted with a young Sister, and
often waited upon her, as well to divert himself as to perfect his
Spanish Tounge; for there at the grate you have all the newes that is
stirring, and the best and most refined language. He by degrees was
wheedled into such fondnesse, as the presents which he had at
several times made her came in a short time to about 40 lb. He
found (being but a young beginner) that his trade would not bear so
expensive a diversion, where upon his visits were more seldome,
and his presents very few and meane, and at last he came no more
at her at all, nor answer’d one line, though he received many most
passionate ones from her, and there had past many such (as the
manner is) betwixt them before. Not long after, he was one evening
set upon by a Rogue (which she had hired), and was desperately
wounded, and narrowly escaped with his life. The Rufian soon after
confest it, being himself mortally wounded and taken in such
another enterprise. And here I cannot omit another story of our
worthy Captain. About 8 or 10 yeares since, he had great concernes
with a wealthy Spaniard, a merchant of this City, and very much
kindnesse past between them, insomuch as they call’d brothers, and
Captain Hill lay on shoar at his house and was freely treated there,
sometimes for many dayes together. It happen’d that another
Spaniard (a neighbour who often came thither, and was of both their
familiar acquaintance), being a great Bigot, and very zealous for the
Roman way of worship, often made attempts upon our Captain to
make him a Prosolyte; and there being once some great Festivall
and a solemne procession to be made, he desired our Friend to be
there, adding that he doubted not in the least that he would then
yield and be convinced of all his errors. The Captain, having
appointed either some business or some other recreation, civilly
excused himself, and thank’t him for his kindnesse and good wishes.
It so fell out in the procession that, as they were carrying the Image
of the V. M. on men’s shoulders in Triumph (as their manner is on
such occasions), either by the stumbling of the bearers or some
other miscarriage, over she tumbled, and fell down directly on her
face upon the stones. At night all three met to sup at the merchant’s
house, and immediately this zealot accosted the captain: “O, Sir, had
you been here to-day at the procession to have seen the many
miracles which were wrought, I am sure you could no longer have
resisted the truth; such a blind man received his sight, and such a
deaf woman recover’d her hearing, and a poor neighbour of ours,
that hath gon with crutches to my knowledge these many yeares,
threw them away, and leap’t and walk’t as well as I can do.” Our
Captaine, who had heard of the Ladye’s misfortune, reply’d: “Surely,
Sir, it is a wonder indeed that the B. V. cured the Deaf and the Lame
and the Blind; I heard she fell down and broke her own Nose. I pray,
can you tell whether she cured that or no?” The Bigot, at this gibe,
fell into such a rage, as nothing at first would serve turne but the
poor Heretique must go into the Inquisition; and neither former
friendship nor Interest nor persuasion could prevayl of a good while
to pacyfy him. The good Merchant himself (the common friend),
being not a little offended, though it was spoken onely in merriment,
and under (the Rose, as we say) the freedome and protection of his
own house. So nice a thing it is in some countrys to jest or meddle
with the publick Religion.
There is a Nunnery here (as I remember, it is call’d San Joseph)
where young infants are received and brought up: Poor people that
are not well able to provide for their children, or others who have
Bastards, secretly bring them in the night, and, pulling a bell to give
notice, they lay them in a moving kind of hollow Roller placed in the
wall on purpose, and so turn them in, themselves who bring them
being unseen and undiscovered. If the child be baptised, the name
is noted or written upon the breast, and oftentimes mention is made
of some peculiar mark made by nature or Art somewhere on the
body, by which they may be known again; and there is also a
register kept in the convent of all that are so brought in. In my
opinion it is a very great peice of charity to allow such places,
though at first thought they may indeed seem a kind of
encouragement for lew’d persons more securely to commit
wickednesse; yet, undoubtedly, they save the lives of many poor
innocent Babes. I have met with those who have ventur’d to say,
that if a poor Votaresse there, or any where else in Town, should by
chance steal a taste of forbidden pleasure, the Fruits of her frailty
and the honour of the Society are this way secured; but I always
look’t upon this as a satyrical conjecture rather then a known truth.
The Spaniard’s common diet in Malaga, such as it is, is
extraordinarily cheap. We took my landlord’s dinner the first day,
which was a large ensalada or sallet, a pottage of onyons, gourds,
and herbs; a little fry’d fish, dryed and cold, with oyl; mala infana
(which they call here Melongenas), a sort of gourd, pear-fashioned,
some as big as my fist (I think Gerard calls them in English mad-
apples[193]), split and fil’d with a little pepper, oil, and salt, and then
broil’d or stew’d: these, thus drest, they count rich food, and they
slice them also into their pottage. Of these and such stuff eight of us
eat what we could, and paid but a Real (about 6d.) for all, besides
bread and wine; but at night, for 4 fowles and a neck of mutton
stew’d, six of us paid a dollar and half apiece, besides wine, which is
near 50 Shillings of our money; and next day, at dinner, for one
joynt of mutton and a little forequarter of Lamb and two foules, 12
of us paid a dollar a piece, besides wine, which is about 3 lb.
English.
We staid one night with mine Host on shoar, and we had a proud
fellow which entertain’d us a while with a song or two to a Guitarra.
He first lay’d by his old threadbare cloak with great deliberation and
wonderfull gravity; then, with his dagger behind and his hat cock’t,
his eyes staring, his browes bent, and his Mostachos new brush’t, he
yell’d and acted with that strange state and fiercenesse, as if he had
been swaggering at some desperate criminals and threatening to
hang them; but, with a Real or two we came off well enough. After
supper and a little chat we thought of our lodgings. All that lay on
twills and bedsteads were sorely bitten with little bugs, which left
hard knobs and pimples wherever they seised. I, with one or two
more, had the fortune to putt our twills for coolnesse into the middle
of the floor, which (as all above stairs as well as those below are)
was laid with brick, and we escaped all these pestilent companions.
These insects, so well known in all hot countryes (but to us never
seen before), are here called chismes and chinches, and in Italian
cimici, from the Latin cimex, in French punaises; they are shaped
much like a spider, but far lesse, with six legges and a bottled[194]
breech, the back being often reddish. They are truly cal’d by
Pliny[195] most nasty animals, for besides their venomous bite they
have (especially if they are bruised) a most intolerable filthy smel.
One of our comrades, catching one in the night as it was preying
upon him, and thinking it had been a flea (after a slovingly custome
which he had got), bit it with his teeth, thinking so to kill it; but the
abominable stink set him on vomiting in such a manner as he verily
thought he had been poyson’d; which make me amazed how they
came to be prescribed inwardly by the antients as a medicine
against feavers,[196] unlesse it was that (after the Italian proverbe,
Un Diavolo scaccia il altro) one devil drives out another; but,
perhaps, being drunk in wine, they may go down whole, and not
prove so nauseous. We started a controversy, whether these
chinches and fleas, and gnats (and flyes) have any smeling or no,
and we concluded clearly in the affirmative, not only because these
never stir out of their holes and lurking-places till the steam and
perspiration of your bodyes invite them, but because all strong smels
drive them away, as the savour of wormwood, Lavender, Rue, Hemp,
Hops, Russia Leather, and the like, and the smoke of these and such
other strong smelling herbs doth the same. And we were told here
that many use the Squilla or Sea Onyon, cut into pieces, and thrust
into the joynts and crevices of their bedsteads, or strew’d on their
mats; as likewise they presse out the juyce of them, and use it in
like manner. It is manifest that the fierce effluviums of these things
very grievously affect these vermin, and seeing they all have eyes,
why may they not as well have organs of smelling, or something
Analogous to it?
Malaga is prettily well fortifyed for fear of surprise from the Moors;
it hath two Castles—one upon the side of a hill, and the other at the
bottom of it on the East side of the Town; and there is a
communication between them both, made by two walls reaching
from one to the other; but there appears a higher place, which, if it
was possest and planted with canon, could command them both.
There is also an Arsenal, but what store of armes and warlike
provisions were in either this or them I know not, for we were told
we should not be permitted to se them, and therefore never
attempted it. It is a part where most vessels going to or coming
from the Levant put in. There is a great trade driven there; it is
famous for Almonds, Raisins, Oile, great olives, and rich Sack. The
grapes which make the Raisin are very fat and fleshy, affording
nothing near so much juyce as those that make the Sack, and
therefore they are the sooner dry’d by the Sun. We tasted their old
wines in many places, and to my palate they seem’d all much more
fulsome and sweet than our old Malagas in England, which have had
the advantage of the Sea to refine and harden them. We brought
good store of the best we could find on board, with plenty of all
sorts of fruits and fresh provisions.
That night, Saturday, Oct. 15, about 11 o’clock, we weigh’d
Anchor, and Capt. Pool, in another man of warre, came out of port
with us. I think he was in the Guernsey frigot. Next day the Admiral,
Vice-Admiral, and several Commanders came on board and din’d
with us.
Oct. 27 we dined on board the Martin, and our Admiral gave us
new orders in case we should be engaged to fight with any Enemies,
and that evening we discouered thre ships with white ensigns, which
proved French, of Monsieur Martells Squadron, lying about Tunis and
Tripoly. The French Admiral himself was in one.
Oct. 29, Saturday, we lay on the South end of Sardinia, with
Epulo[197] N.E. b. N., 10 or 12 miles distant from us. The Admiral
that Evening call’d a Council of all our Commanders, and told them
he had orders from the Duke of York to go to Tunis and stay some
time there; That he had a letter for the King of Tunis from our King
about continuing our league and peace with him, For at that time we
had peace with Tunis, but war with Argieres; the French on the
contrary had peace with Argieres and war with Tunis, and we had a
current report that Sir Tho. Allen and Monsieur Martel, the French
Admiral, had agreed to let English ships of Merchandize go freely
into Tunis, and French Merchant Ships into Argieres, provided they
caryed no provisions, or ammunition, or stores for war. We had met
thre French men of war, and we understood two more lay near Tunis
to block up that Port. From all this arose a grand dispute amongst
the commanders, whether it was safe for us to go into Tunis or not.
Whether we should hazard such a prize as all our Merchant ships
were. It was urged that there might be more French ships there
than we knew of, and it was uncertain what they might do with us.
That the Tunesas might break with us upon such an opportunity as
this, and seize our ships and Merchandize. Some dowbted that the
Admiral had no such order, and it was thought when we dined on
board the Martin (who was bound for Tunis) that the Captain of her
contracted with our Admiral to se him safe in, and so all was mere
pretence and fiction. Some question’d whether the Admiral could
command us to attend him; others, whether by their Charter party
with the Turkey company they were not obliged to ply their voyage
and accompany the convoy no farther than it consisted with their
safety. It was asked who could justify the agreement between Sir
Tho. Allen and Monsieur Martel? and many such quæres and
difficulties were banded to and fro; but at last the Admiral positively
resolved to stand by his order, and our Capt. and all the
Commanders of our Turkey ships agreed to go in with him except
Capt. Partridge, who was as stifly set against it; and, returning on
board his own ship, he divulged the whole businesse amongst his
passengers, adding all the aggravations of our danger, and
suggesting all the arguments of Fear he could to them. Presently
came many on board us sorely frighted, and zealously opposed our
going in, insomuch as the two new Treasurers of the Turkey
Company (then going out, one to Smyrna, and the other to Aleppo)
threatened to enter into a protestation with Capt. Partridge against
the Admiral’s proceedings, and courted us to joyn with them. We
civilly denyed it, telling them that we trusted in the known prudence
and careful conduct of our own Captain, and should cheerfully go
along with him wherever he caryed us. However, all this while these
disputes were kept, as much as possible, from the common seamen,
for fear there should have arose a Faction among them likewise; yet
secretly all commanders were thinking of some preparation against
the worst, and that night we shaped our course for Tunis, steering
S.E. ½ S. Next morning, Oct. 30, about nine o’clock, we spied the
two Frenchmen of war, just upon the Coast of Africk, as we thought,
setting out of Porto Farina; they stood towards us a little, then went
westerly, and never came near us by 7 or 8 leagues. We bore away
directly for Tunis, and upon this all the rest of our ships in company
went along with us; and that afternoon at 2 o’clock we got under
Cape Carthage, where all the Commanders went on board the
Admiral, and soon were agreed and well pleased; and at 3 we came
all to anchor before Tunis castle, in 4 and 5 fathom water, the Cape
lying N.N.E., the Castle W. b. S.

Capt. 5.—Our Stay at Tunis and Carthage.

That night we went on shoar for water, but were not then
permitted to have any; yet we might freely ramble upon the shoare.
The Castle seems very strong to the Sea. We were not suffer’d to
view the other side to the Land. By the Castle they have several
pools or ponds of standing water, one of which (as we were told)
can, at pleasure, have communication with the sea. These are full of
fish. We bought good store of Mullet, and there we had one true
Bream, large and very fat. We had them very cheap, as we thought,
but our Interpreter counted them dear. There were several sorts of
fruit brought to us—excellent melons, Pomegranates, Limes, and
salating herbes, with which we stock’t ourselves, and so came again
on board. Next morning (Oct. 31) we went on shoar at the watering-
place, where were come down many country people with Eggs,
Hens, Sheep, Goats, Bullocks, milk, Pompions, Fish, Pigeons, citrons,
Dates, Oranges, Lemons, and Limes (which are a sort of hedge or
crab Lemmons), with whose juice our Seamen make their punch.
There was also store of bread to be bought. They make some of it of
pure good wheat, most of it of millet, some of what we call Turkish
wheat (maize), much of barley flour, and lighten it with leaven of salt
and sower’d honey and oil, which give it a brackish taste, yet it is
not unpleasant whilst it is new. They bake it flat, with a rising in the
middle like a coppled[198] cake. Every ship stored themselves from
hence with what they wanted of sea provisions. Our Capt. caried a
net on shoar, which by all our Seamen was called a Sain (I suppose
from σαγλιόν, Sagena, Math. xiii, 47). It was a sort of drag net.
Having obtained leave, we turned it twice or thrice in the sea, but
we catch’t few fish, and those very small ones. They wer Mullet,
Barboni, and our common plaice, and a little sort of what we call
Maids. I hang’d a little Barboni up in my cabin, and it gave forth a
little thin light, like that of rotten wood, for many nights together;
and by degrees, as it grew dryer, it at last vanish’t. I did not then
take notice of the change of colour in them (whilst they are dying)
which Pliny[199] mentions, and for admiring of which Seneca[200]
rebukes and flouts at some Romish gluttons.
Some of our Captaines and Passengers with me hired a couple of
their Janisaryes, or rather souldjers, to be our Guides, and away we
went together to see the Ruines of Carthage, which reach quite from
the watering-place near the Castle up beyond Cape Carthage,
agreable to what we read in Polybius,[201] near upon ten miles as
we guest, but the guides said it was fifteen, which may seem