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Arduino and Raspberry Pi Sensor
Projectsfor the Evil Genius™
Arduino and Raspberry Pi Sensor
Projects for the Evil Genius™

Robert Chin

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Library of Congress Control Number: 201794884

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Arduino and Raspberry Pi Sensor Projects for the Evil Genius™

Copyright © 2018 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America.
Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be
reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without
the prior written permission of the publisher.

McGraw-Hill Education, the McGraw-Hill Education logo, Evil Genius and TAB, and related trade dress
are trademarks or registered trademarks of McGraw-Hill Education and/or its affiliates in the United States
and other countries and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property
of their respective owners. McGraw-Hill Education is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned
in this book.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DSS 22 21 20 19 18 17

ISBN 978-1-260-01089-3
MHID 1-260-01089-9

e-ISBN 978-1-260-01090-9
e-MHID 1-260-01090-2

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Sponsoring Editor
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Acquisitions Coordinator
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Project Manager
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Information contained in this work has been obtained by McGraw-Hill Education from sources believed to
be reliable. However, neither McGraw-Hill Education nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or
completeness of any information published herein, and neither McGraw-Hill Education nor its authors shall
be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information.
About the Author

Robert Chin has a Bachelor of Science degree in computer engineering and is

experienced in developing projects on the TI CC3200 SimpleLink, Android,
Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and PC Windows platforms using C/C++, Java, Python,
Unreal Script, DirectX, OpenGL, and OpenGL ES 2.0. He is the author of Home
Security System DIY PRO Using Android and TI CC3200 SimpleLink, Home
Security Systems DIY Using Android and Arduino, and Beginning Arduino
ov7670 Camera Development. He is also the author of Beginning Android 3d
Game Development and Beginning IOS 3d Unreal Games Development, both
published by Apress, and was the technical reviewer for UDK Game
Development, published by Course Technology CENGAGE Learning. Beginning
Android 3d Game Development was licensed to Tsinghua University through
Tsinghua University Press.
 Contents

1 Introducing the Arduino and Raspberry Pi

What Is an Arduino?
Arduino Uno
Arduino Uno Specifications
Arduino Uno Components
Arduino Development System Requirements
Arduino IDE Software
Hands-on Example:
A Simple Arduino “Hello World” Program with a LED
Playing Around with the Code
What Is Raspberry Pi?
Raspberry Pi 3 Hardware Overview
Raspberry Pi System Setup
Python IDLE Development Environment
Hands-on Example:
A Simple Raspberry Pi “Hello World” Program with a LED
Summary

2 Arduino and Raspberry Pi Programming Language Basics

Overview of the C/C++ Language for the Arduino
Object-Oriented Programming
Overview of Python for Raspberry Pi
Python Functions
Python Modules
 Python Class Overview
Python Class Inheritance
Summary

3 Basic Electrical Components

Electronics Basics
Resistor
LEDs
Piezo Buzzer
Potentiometer
Push Buttons
Breadboards
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Serial Monitor and LED Indicator
Hands-on Example:
Arduino RGB LED
Hands-on Example:
Arduino LED Buzzer Siren
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Random RGB LED Colors Using a Potentiometer
Hands-on Example:
Arduino RGB Light Switch
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi LED Blinker Counter
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi LED Fading
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi RGB LED Color Selector
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi LED Fading Up and Down Using a Button
Summary

4 Touch Sensor Projects

Analog Joystick
 Hands-on Example:
Arduino Joystick Test
Hands-on Example:
Arduino “Simon Says” Game
Running the Program
Rotary Encoder Controller (KY-040)
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Rotary Encoder Test
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Rotary Encoder Controlling an RGB LED
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi Rotary Encoder Test
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi Rotary Encoder LED Blinker
Summary

5 Environmental Sensor Projects I

Reed Switch Magnetic Field Sensor
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Reed Switch Test
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Door Buzzer Alarm
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi Reed Switch Test
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi Reed Switch Door Alarm
TMP36 Temperature Sensor
Hands-on Example:
Arduino TMP36 Temperature Sensor Test
Flame Sensor
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Flame Sensor Test
Hands-on Example:
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 Arduino Fire Alarm
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi Flame Sensor Test
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi Fire Alarm
Infrared Proximity/Collision Sensor
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Infrared Proximity/Collision Detector
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi Infrared Collision/Proximity Sensor Alarm
Temperature and Humidity Sensor (DHT11)
Hands-on Example:
Arduino DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor Test
Summary

6 Environmental Sensor Projects II

Water Detector/Soil Moisture Sensor
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Water Detector Alarm
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Soil Moisture Detector
Light Detector (Photo Resistor)
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Rooster Alarm
Sound Detector
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Light Clapper
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi “Out of Breath” Game
Summary

7 Human Sensor Projects

Hands-on Example:
Arduino Glass Break Alarm
 Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi Glass Break Alarm
HC-SR501 Infrared Motion Detector
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Infrared Motion Detector Alarm
Hands-on Example:
Raspberry Pi Infrared Motion Detection Alarm
HC-SR04 Distance Sensor
Hands-on Example:
Arduino HC-SR04 Distance Sensor Intruder Alarm
Hands-on Example:
Arduino Collision Alarm
Summary

8 Arduino TFT LCD Display and Image Sensor Projects

Arduino TFT LCD Color Display Screen with SD Card Reader/Writer
Hands-on Example:
Arduino TFT Display and SD Card Reader/Writer Test
Hands-on Example:
Arduino TFT Display Door Entry Alarm with SD Card Logging
Arduino Cameras
Hands-on Example:
Arduino ArduCAM OV2640 Mini Portable Programmable Digital Camera
System
Summary
Index
 CHAPTER 1
Introducing the Arduino and Raspberry Pi

THIS CHAPTER WILL INTRODUCE YOU to the Arduino and the Raspberry Pi. First, I
give a brief explanation of what the Arduino is. Then I specifically address the
Arduino Uno, discussing its general features, including its capabilities and key
functional components. This is followed by a discussion of the Arduino
Integrated Development Environment (IDE) software, which is needed to
develop programs for the Arduino. Each key function of the Arduino IDE is
reviewed, followed by a hands-on example giving detailed step-by-step
instructions on how to set up the Arduino for development and how to run and
modify an example program using the Arduino IDE. Next comes the Raspberry
Pi. I discuss what the Raspberry Pi is and the specifications for the Raspberry Pi
3. This section tells you how to set up the Raspberry Pi before using it for the
first time. Raspberry Pi hardware features are addressed, including the general
purpose input-output (GPiO) pin specifications. The final section includes a
hands-on example of how to control a light-emitting diode (LED) using the
Raspberry Pi.

What Is an Arduino?
The Arduino is an open-source microcontroller that uses the C and C++
languages to control digital and analog outputs to devices and electronic
components and to read in digital and analog inputs from other devices and
electronic components for processing. For example, an Arduino can read a signal
from a sensor in a home security system that detects the heat that a human being
emits. The sensor sends a signal to the Arduino indicating that a person is in the
home. After receiving this information, the Arduino can send commands to a
camera such as the ArduCAM Mini digital camera to start taking pictures of the
intruder. There are many different Arduino models out there. However, to create
the examples in this book, you will need an Arduino model with enough pins to
connect the components you desire, such as a camera, Bluetooth adapter, and/or
motion sensor. Figure 1-1 shows the official Arduino logo.

Figure 1-1 Official Arduino logo.

Note: The official website of the Arduino is www.arduino.cc.

Arduino Uno
There are a great many Arduino products out there, ranging from models that are
small and can actually be worn by the user to models with many digital and
analog input-output pins. For the projects in this book, I recommend the Arduino
Uno, which is an open-source microcontroller that has enough digital ports to
accommodate a camera, a Secure Digital (SD) card reader/writer with enough
digital and analog ports for other devices, sensors, lights, and any other gadgets
that you may require for your own custom projects. The official Arduino Uno
board is made by a company called Arduino SRL, formerly Smart Projects,
formed by one of the founders of the Arduino (Figure 1-2). The newer official
Arduino Uno boards are slightly different in that they are more blue-green
instead of blue in color and contain the Genuino logo under the main Arduino
logo. The Genuino trademark is used outside the United States as a result of the
split between Arduino founders.
Figure 1-2 The official Arduino Uno.

There are also unofficial Arduino Uno boards made by other companies. A
good way to tell whether a board is official or unofficial is by the color of a
component that is located near the Arduino’s USB port. This component on an
official Arduino board is a metallic gold color. The component on an unofficial
board is green. The writing on the components also differs (Figure 1-3).
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content Scribd suggests to you:
 CHAPTER 20
Quox Quietly Quits
WHEN the chief nomes assembled before their new King they
joyfully saluted him and promised to obey his commands. But, when
Kaliko questioned them, none knew the way to the Metal Forest,
although all had assisted in its making. So the King instructed them
to search carefully for one of the passages and to bring him the
news as soon as they had found it.
Meantime Quox had managed to back out of the rocky corridor
and so regain the open air and his old station on the mountain-side,
and there he lay upon the rocks, sound asleep, until the next day.
The others of the party were all given as good rooms as the caverns
of the nomes afforded, for King Kaliko felt that he was indebted to
them for his promotion and was anxious to be as hospitable as he
could.
Much wonderment had been caused by the absolute
disappearance of the sixteen officers of Oogaboo and their Queen.
Not a nome had seen them, nor were they discovered during the
search for the passages leading to the Metal Forest. Perhaps no one
was unhappy over their loss, but all were curious to know what had
become of them.
On the next day, when our friends went to visit the dragon, Quox
said to them: “I must now bid you good-bye, for my mission here is
finished and I must depart for the other side of the world, where I
belong.”
“Will you go through the Tube again?” asked Betsy.
“To be sure. But it will be a lonely trip this time, with no one to
talk to, and I cannot invite any of you to go with me. Therefore, as
soon as I slide into the hole I shall go to sleep, and when I pop out
at the other end I will wake up at home.”
They thanked the dragon for befriending them and wished him a
pleasant journey. Also they sent their thanks to the great Jinjin,
whose just condemnation of Ruggedo had served their interests so
well. Then Quox yawned and stretched himself and ambled over to
the Tube, into which he slid headforemost and disappeared.
They really felt as if they had lost a friend, for the dragon had
been both kind and sociable during their brief acquaintance with
him; but they knew it was his duty to return to his own country. So
they went back to the caverns to renew the search for the hidden
passages that led to the forest, but for three days all efforts to find
them proved in vain.
It was Polychrome’s custom to go every day to the mountain and
watch for her father, the Rainbow, for she was growing tired with
wandering upon the earth and longed to rejoin her sisters in their
sky palaces. And on the third day, while she sat motionless upon a
point of rock, whom should she see slyly creeping up the mountain
but Ruggedo!
The former King looked very forlorn. His clothes were soiled and
torn and he had no sandals upon his feet or hat upon his head.
Having left his crown and sceptre behind when he fled, the old nome
no longer seemed kingly, but more like a beggarman.
Several times had Ruggedo crept up to the mouth of the caverns,
only to find the six eggs still on guard. He knew quite well that he
must accept his fate and become a homeless wanderer, but his chief
regret now was that he had neglected to fill his pockets with gold
and jewels. He was aware that a wanderer with wealth at his
command would fare much better than one who was a pauper, so he
still loitered around the caverns wherein he knew so much treasure
was stored, hoping for a chance to fill his pockets.
That was how he came to recollect the Metal Forest.
 “Aha!” said he to himself, “I alone know the way to that Forest,
and once there I can fill my pockets with the finest jewels in all the
world.”
He glanced at his pockets and was grieved to find them so small.
Perhaps they might be enlarged, so that they would hold more. He
knew of a poor woman who lived in a cottage at the foot of the
mountain, so he went to her and begged her to sew pockets all over
his robe, paying her with the gift of a diamond ring which he had
worn upon his finger. The woman was delighted to possess so
valuable a ring and she sewed as many pockets on Ruggedo’s robe
as she possibly could.
Then he returned up the mountain and, after gazing cautiously
around to make sure he was not observed, he touched a spring in a
rock and it swung slowly backward, disclosing a broad passageway.
This he entered, swinging the rock in place behind him.
However, Ruggedo had failed to look as carefully as he might
have done, for Polychrome was seated only a little distance off and
her clear eyes marked exactly the manner in which Ruggedo had
released the hidden spring. So she rose and hurried into the cavern,
where she told Kaliko and her friends of her discovery.
“I’ve no doubt that that is a way to the Metal Forest,” exclaimed
Shaggy. “Come, let us follow Ruggedo at once and rescue my poor
brother!”
They agreed to this and King Kaliko called together a band of
nomes to assist them by carrying torches to light their way.
“The Metal Forest has a brilliant light of its own,” said he, “but
the passage across the valley is likely to be dark.”
Polychrome easily found the rock and touched the spring, so in
less than an hour after Ruggedo had entered they were all in the
passage and following swiftly after the former King.
 “He means to rob the Forest, I’m sure,” said Kaliko; “but he will
find he is no longer of any account in this Kingdom and I will have
my nomes throw him out.”
“Then please throw him as hard as you can,” said Betsy, “for he
deserves it. I don’t mind an honest, out-an'-out enemy, who fights
square; but changing girls into fiddles and ordering 'em put into
Slimy Caves is mean and tricky, and Ruggedo doesn’t deserve any
sympathy. But you’ll have to let him take as much treasure as he can
get in his pockets, Kaliko.”
“Yes, the Jinjin said so; but we won’t miss it much. There is more
treasure in the Metal Forest than a million nomes could carry in their
pockets.”
It was not difficult to walk through this passage, especially when
the torches lighted the way, so they made good progress. But it
proved to be a long distance and Betsy had tired herself with
walking and was seated upon the back of the mule when the
passage made a sharp turn and a wonderful and glorious light burst
upon them. The next moment they were all standing upon the edge
of the marvelous Metal Forest.
It lay under another mountain and occupied a great domed
cavern, the roof of which was higher than a church steeple. In this
space the industrious nomes had built, during many years of labor,
the most beautiful forest in the world. The trees—trunks, branches
and leaves—were all of solid gold, while the bushes and underbrush
were formed of filigree silver, virgin pure. The trees towered as high
as natural live oaks do and were of exquisite workmanship.
On the ground were thickly strewn precious gems of every hue
and size, while here and there among the trees were paths pebbled
with cut diamonds of the clearest water. Taken all together, more
treasure was gathered in this Metal Forest than is contained in all
the rest of the world—if we except the land of Oz, where perhaps its
value is equalled in the famous Emerald City.
 Our friends were so amazed at the sight that for a while they
stood gazing in silent wonder. Then Shaggy exclaimed:
“My brother! My dear lost brother! Is he indeed a prisoner in this
place?”

“Yes,” replied Kaliko. “The Ugly One has been here for two or
three years, to my positive knowledge.”
“But what could he find to eat?” inquired Betsy. “It’s an awfully
swell place to live in, but one can’t breakfast on rubies and
di’monds, or even gold.”
 “One doesn’t need to, my dear,” Kaliko assured her. “The Metal
Forest does not fill all of this great cavern, by any means. Beyond
these gold and silver trees are other trees of the real sort, which
bear foods very nice to eat. Let us walk in that direction, for I am
quite sure we will find Shaggy’s brother in that part of the cavern,
rather than in this.”
So they began to tramp over the diamond-pebbled paths, and at
every step they were more and more bewildered by the wondrous
beauty of the golden trees with their glittering foliage.
Suddenly they heard a scream. Jewels scattered in every
direction as some one hidden among the bushes scampered away
before them. Then a loud voice cried: “Halt!” and there was the
sound of a struggle.
 CHAPTER 21
A Bashful Brother
WITH fast beating hearts they all rushed forward and, beyond a
group of stately metal trees, came full upon a most astonishing
scene.
There was Ruggedo in the hands of the officers of Oogaboo, a
dozen of whom were clinging to the old nome and holding him fast
in spite of his efforts to escape. There also was Queen Ann, looking
grimly upon the scene of strife; but when she observed her former
companions approaching she turned away in a shamefaced manner.
For Ann and her officers were indeed a sight to behold. Her
Majesty’s clothing, once so rich and gorgeous, was now worn and
torn into shreds by her long crawl through the tunnel, which, by the
way, had led her directly into the Metal Forest. It was, indeed, one of
the three secret passages, and by far the most difficult of the three.
Ann had not only torn her pretty skirt and jacket, but her crown had
become bent and battered and even her shoes were so cut and
slashed that they were ready to fall from her feet.
The officers had fared somewhat worse than their leader, for
holes were worn in the knees of their trousers, while sharp points of
rock in the roof and sides of the tunnel had made rags of every inch
of their once brilliant uniforms. A more tattered and woeful army
never came out of a battle, than these harmless victims of the rocky
passage. But it had seemed their only means of escape from the
cruel Nome King; so they had crawled on, regardless of their
sufferings.
When they reached the Metal Forest their eyes beheld more
plunder than they had ever dreamed of; yet they were prisoners in
this huge dome and could not escape with the riches heaped about
them. Perhaps a more unhappy and homesick lot of “conquerors”
never existed than this band from Oogaboo.
After several days of wandering in their marvelous prison they
were frightened by the discovery that Ruggedo had come among
them. Rendered desperate by their sad condition, the officers
exhibited courage for the first time since they left home and,
ignorant of the fact that Ruggedo was no longer King of the nomes,
they threw themselves upon him and had just succeeded in
capturing him when their fellow adventurers reached the spot.
“Goodness gracious!” cried Betsy. “What has happened to you
all?”
Ann came forward to greet them, sorrowful and indignant.
“We were obliged to escape from the pit through a small tunnel,
which was lined with sharp and jagged rocks,” said she, “and not
only was our clothing torn to rags but our flesh is so bruised and
sore that we are stiff and lame in every joint. To add to our troubles
we find we are still prisoners; but now that we have succeeded in
capturing the wicked Metal Monarch we shall force him to grant us
our liberty.”
“Ruggedo is no longer Metal Monarch, or King of the nomes,”
Files informed her. “He has been deposed and cast out of his
kingdom by Quox; but here is the new King, whose name is Kaliko,
and I am pleased to assure Your Majesty that he is our friend.”
“Glad to meet Your Majesty, I’m sure,” said Kaliko, bowing as
courteously as if the Queen still wore splendid raiment.
The officers, having heard this explanation, now set Ruggedo
free; but, as he had no place to go, he stood by and faced his
former servant, who was now King in his place, in a humble and
pleading manner.
“What are you doing here?” asked Kaliko sternly.
 “Why, I was promised as much treasure as I could carry in my
pockets,” replied Ruggedo; “so I came here to get it, not wishing to
disturb Your Majesty.”
“You were commanded to leave the country of the nomes
forever!” declared Kaliko.
“I know; and I’ll go as soon as I have filled my pockets,” said
Ruggedo, meekly.
“Then fill them, and be gone,” returned the new King.
Ruggedo obeyed. Stooping down, he began gathering up jewels
by the handful and stuffing them into his many pockets. They were
heavy things, these diamonds and rubies and emeralds and
amethysts and the like, so before long Ruggedo was staggering with
the weight he bore, while the pockets were not yet filled. When he
could no longer stoop over without falling, Betsy and Polychrome
and the Rose Princess came to his assistance, picking up the finest
gems and tucking them into his pockets.
At last these were all filled and Ruggedo presented a comical
sight, for surely no man ever before had so many pockets, or any at
all filled with such a choice collection of precious stones. He
neglected to thank the young ladies for their kindness, but gave
them a surly nod of farewell and staggered down the path by the
way he had come. They let him depart in silence, for with all he had
taken, the masses of jewels upon the ground seemed scarcely to
have been disturbed, so numerous were they. Also they hoped they
had seen the last of the degraded King.
 “I’m awful glad he’s gone,” said Betsy, sighing deeply. “If he
doesn’t get reckless and spend his wealth foolishly, he’s got enough
to start a bank when he gets to Oklahoma.”
“But my brother—my dear brother! Where is he?” inquired
Shaggy anxiously. “Have you seen him, Queen Ann?”
“What does your brother look like?” asked the Queen.
Shaggy hesitated to reply, but Betsy said: “He’s called the Ugly
One. Perhaps you’ll know him by that.”
 “The only person we have seen in this cavern,” said Ann, “has
run away from us whenever we approached him. He hides over
yonder, among the trees that are not gold, and we have never been
able to catch sight of his face. So I cannot tell whether he is ugly or
not.”
“That must be my dear brother!” exclaimed Shaggy.
“Yes, it must be,” assented Kaliko. “No one else inhabits this
splendid dome, so there can be no mistake.”
“But why does he hide among those green trees, instead of
enjoying all these glittery golden ones?” asked Betsy.
“Because he finds food among the natural trees,” replied Kaliko,
"and I remember that he has built a little house there, to sleep in. As
for these glittery golden trees, I will admit they are very pretty at
first sight. One cannot fail to admire them, as well as the rich jewels
scattered beneath them; but if one has to look at them always, they
become pretty tame."
“I believe that is true,” declared Shaggy. “My dear brother is very
wise to prefer real trees to the imitation ones. But come; let us go
there and find him.”
Shaggy started for the green grove at once, and the others
followed him, being curious to witness the final rescue of his long-
sought, long-lost brother.
Not far from the edge of the grove they came upon a small hut,
cleverly made of twigs and golden branches woven together. As they
approached the place they caught a glimpse of a form that darted
into the hut and slammed the door tight shut after him.
Shaggy Man ran to the door and cried aloud:
“Brother! Brother!”
“Who calls,” demanded a sad, hollow voice from within.
 “It is Shaggy—your own loving brother—who has been searching
for you a long time and has now come to rescue you.”
“Too late!” replied the gloomy voice. “No one can rescue me
now.”
“Oh, but you are mistaken about that,” said Shaggy. “There is a
new King of the nomes, named Kaliko, in Ruggedo’s place, and he
has promised you shall go free.”
“Free! I dare not go free!” said the Ugly One, in a voice of
despair.
“Why not, Brother?” asked Shaggy, anxiously.
“Do you know what they have done to me?” came the answer
through the closed door.
“No. Tell me, Brother, what have they done?”
“When Ruggedo first captured me I was very handsome. Don’t
you remember, Shaggy?”
“Not very well, Brother; you were so young when I left home.
But I remember that mother thought you were beautiful.”
“She was right! I am sure she was right,” wailed the prisoner.
“But Ruggedo wanted to injure me—to make me ugly in the eyes of
all the world—so he performed a wicked enchantment. I went to bed
beautiful—or you might say handsome—to be very modest I will
merely claim that I was good-looking—and I wakened the next
morning the homeliest man in all the world! I am so repulsive that
when I look in a mirror I frighten myself.”
“Poor Brother!” said Shaggy softly, and all the others were silent
from sympathy.
“I was so ashamed of my looks,” continued the voice of Shaggy’s
brother, "that I tried to hide; but the cruel King Ruggedo forced me
to appear before all the legion of nomes, to whom he said: ‘Behold
the Ugly One!’ But when the nomes saw my face they all fell to
laughing and jeering, which prevented them from working at their
tasks. Seeing this, Ruggedo became angry and pushed me into a
tunnel, closing the rock entrance so that I could not get out. I
followed the length of the tunnel until I reached this huge dome,
where the marvelous Metal Forest stands, and here I have remained
ever since."
“Poor Brother!” repeated Shaggy. “But I beg you now to come
forth and face us, who are your friends. None here will laugh or jeer,
however unhandsome you may be.”
“No, indeed,” they all added pleadingly.
But the Ugly One refused the invitation.
“I cannot,” said he; “indeed, I cannot face strangers, ugly as I
am.”
Shaggy Man turned to the group surrounding him.
“What shall I do?” he asked in sorrowful tones. “I cannot leave
my dear brother here, and he refuses to come out of that house and
face us.”
“I’ll tell you,” replied Betsy. “Let him put on a mask.”
“The very idea I was seeking!” exclaimed Shaggy joyfully; and
then he called out: “Brother, put a mask over your face, and then
none of us can see what your features are like.”
“I have no mask,” answered the Ugly One.
“Look here,” said Betsy; “he can use my handkerchief.” Shaggy
looked at the little square of cloth and shook his head.
“It isn’t big enough,” he objected; “I’m sure it isn’t big enough to
hide a man’s face. But he can use mine.”
 Saying this he took from his pocket his own handkerchief and
went to the door of the hut.
“Here, my Brother,” he called, “take this handkerchief and make a
mask of it. I will also pass you my knife, so that you may cut holes
for the eyes, and then you must tie it over your face.”
The door slowly opened, just far enough for the Ugly One to
thrust out his hand and take the handkerchief and the knife. Then it
closed again.
“Don’t forget a hole for your nose,” cried Betsy. “You must
breathe, you know.”
For a time there was silence. Queen Ann and her army sat down
upon the ground to rest. Betsy sat on Hank’s back. Polychrome
danced lightly up and down the jeweled paths while Files and the
Princess wandered through the groves arm in arm. Tik-Tok, who
never tired, stood motionless.
By and by a noise sounded from within the hut.
“Are you ready?” asked Shaggy.
“Yes, Brother,” came the reply, and the door was thrown open to
allow the Ugly One to step forth.
Betsy might have laughed aloud had she not remembered how
sensitive to ridicule Shaggy’s brother was, for the handkerchief with
which he had masked his features was a red one covered with big
white polka dots. In this two holes had been cut—in front of the
eyes—while two smaller ones before the nostrils allowed the man to
breathe freely. The cloth was then tightly drawn over the Ugly One’s
face and knotted at the back of his neck.
He was dressed in clothes that had once been good, but now
were sadly worn and frayed. His silk stockings had holes in them,
and his shoes were stub-toed and needed blackening. “But what can
you expect,” whispered Betsy, “when the poor man has been a
prisoner for so many years?”
Shaggy had darted forward, and embraced his newly found
brother with both his arms. The brother also embraced Shaggy, who
then led him forward and introduced him to all the assembled
company.
“This is the new Nome King,” he said when he came to Kaliko.
“He is our friend, and has granted you your freedom.”
“That is a kindly deed,” replied Ugly in a sad voice, “but I dread
to go back to the world in this direful condition. Unless I remain
forever masked, my dreadful face would curdle all the milk and stop
all the clocks.”
“Can’t the enchantment be broken in some way?” inquired Betsy.
Shaggy looked anxiously at Kaliko, who shook his head.
“I am sure I can’t break the enchantment,” he said. “Ruggedo
was fond of magic, and learned a good many enchantments that we
nomes know nothing of.”
“Perhaps Ruggedo himself might break his own enchantment,”
suggested Ann; “but unfortunately we have allowed the old King to
escape.”
“Never mind, my dear Brother,” said Shaggy consolingly; “I am
very happy to have found you again, although I may never see your
face. So let us make the most of this joyful reunion.”
The Ugly One was affected to tears by this tender speech, and
the tears began to wet the red handkerchief; so Shaggy gently
wiped them away with his coat sleeve.
 CHAPTER 22
Kindly Kisses
“WON’T you be dreadful sorry to leave this lovely place?” Betsy
asked the Ugly One.
“No, indeed,” said he. “Jewels and gold are cold and heartless
things, and I am sure I would presently have died of loneliness had I
not found this natural forest at the edge of the artificial one.
Anyhow, without these real trees I should soon have starved to
death.”
Betsy looked around at the quaint trees.
“I don’t just understand that,” she admitted. “What could you
find to eat here?”
“The best food in the world,” Ugly answered. “Do you see that
grove at your left?” he added, pointing it out; "well, such trees as
those do not grow in your country, or in any other place but this
cavern. I have named them ‘Hotel Trees,’ because they bear a
certain kind of table d’hote fruit called 'Three-Course Nuts.'"
“That’s funny!” said Betsy. “What are the ‘Three-Course Nuts’
like?”
“Something like cocoanuts, to look at,” explained the Ugly One.
“All you have to do is to pick one of them and then sit down and eat
your dinner. You first unscrew the top part and find a cupfull of good
soup. After you’ve eaten that, you unscrew the middle part and find
a hollow filled with meat and potatoes, vegetables and a fine salad.
Eat that, and unscrew the next section, and you come to the dessert
in the bottom of the nut. That is pie and cake, cheese and crackers,
and nuts and raisins. The Three-Course Nuts are not all exactly alike
in flavor or in contents, but they are all good and in each one may
be found a complete three-course dinner.”
“But how about breakfasts?” inquired Betsy.
"Why, there are Breakfast Trees for that, which grow over there
at the right. They bear nuts, like the others, only the nuts contain
coffee or chocolate, instead of soup; oatmeal instead of meat-and-
potatoes, and fruits instead of dessert. Sad as has been my life in
this wonderful prison, I must admit that no one could live more
luxuriously in the best hotel in the world than I have lived here; but
I will be glad to get into the open air again and see the good old sun
and the silvery moon and the soft green grass and the flowers that
are kissed by the morning dew. Ah, how much more lovely are those
blessed things than the glitter of gems or the cold gleam of gold!"
“Of course,” said Betsy. “I once knew a little boy who wanted to
catch the measles, because all the little boys in his neighborhood but
him had had 'em, and he was really unhappy 'cause he couldn’t
catch 'em, try as he would. So I’m pretty certain that the things we
want, and can’t have, are not good for us. Isn’t that true, Shaggy?”
“Not always, my dear,” he gravely replied. “If we didn’t want
anything, we would never get anything, good or bad. I think our
longings are natural, and if we act as nature prompts us we can’t go
far wrong.”
“For my part,” said Queen Ann, “I think the world would be a
dreary place without the gold and jewels.”
“All things are good in their way,” said Shaggy; “but we may have
too much of any good thing. And I have noticed that the value of
anything depends upon how scarce it is, and how difficult it is to
obtain.”
“Pardon me for interrupting you,” said King Kaliko, coming to
their side, "but now that we have rescued Shaggy’s brother I would
like to return to my royal cavern. Being the King of the Nomes, it is
my duty to look after my restless subjects and see that they behave
themselves."
So they all turned and began walking through the Metal Forest to
the other side of the great domed cave, where they had first entered
it. Shaggy and his brother walked side by side and both seemed
rejoiced that they were together after their long separation. Betsy
didn’t dare look at the polka-dot handkerchief, for fear she would
laugh aloud; so she walked behind the two brothers and led Hank by
holding fast to his left ear.
When at last they reached the place where the passage led to
the outer world, Queen Ann said, in a hesitating way that was
unusual with her:
“I have not conquered this Nome Country, nor do I expect to do
so; but I would like to gather a few of these pretty jewels before I
leave this place.”
“Help yourself, ma’am,” said King Kaliko, and at once the officers
of the Army took advantage of his royal permission and began filling
their pockets, while Ann tied a lot of diamonds in a big handkerchief.
This accomplished, they all entered the passage, the nomes
going first to light the way with their torches. They had not
proceeded far when Betsy exclaimed:
“Why, there are jewels here, too!”
All eyes were turned upon the ground and they found a regular
trail of jewels strewn along the rock floor.
“This is queer!” said Kaliko, much surprised. “I must send some
of my nomes to gather up these gems and replace them in the Metal
Forest, where they belong. I wonder how they came to be here?”
All the way along the passage they found this trail of jewels, but
when they neared the end the mystery was explained. For there,
squatted upon the floor with his back to the rock wall, sat old
Ruggedo, puffing and blowing as if he was all tired out. Then they
realized it was he who had scattered the jewels, from his many
pockets, which one by one had burst with the weight of their
contents as he had stumbled along the passage.
“But I don’t mind,” said Ruggedo, with a deep sigh. “I now
realize that I could not have carried such a weighty load very far,
even had I managed to escape from this passage with it. The
woman who sewed the pockets on my robe used poor thread, for
which I shall thank her.”
“Have you any jewels left?” inquired Betsy.
He glanced into some of the remaining pockets.
“A few,” said he, “but they will be sufficient to supply my wants,
and I no longer have any desire to be rich. If some of you will kindly
help me to rise, I’ll get out of here and leave you, for I know you all
despise me and prefer my room to my company.”
Shaggy and Kaliko raised the old King to his feet, when he was
confronted by Shaggy’s brother, whom he now noticed for the first
time. The queer and unexpected appearance of the Ugly One so
startled Ruggedo that he gave a wild cry and began to tremble, as if
he had seen a ghost.
“Wh—wh—who is this?” he faltered.
“I am that helpless prisoner whom your cruel magic transformed
from a handsome man into an ugly one!” answered Shaggy’s
brother, in a voice of stern reproach.
“Really, Ruggedo,” said Betsy, “you ought to be ashamed of that
mean trick.”
“I am, my dear,” admitted Ruggedo, who was now as meek and
humble as formerly he had been cruel and vindictive.
 “Then,” returned the girl, “you’d better do some more magic and
give the poor man his own face again.”
“I wish I could,” answered the old King; “but you must remember
that Tititi-Hoochoo has deprived me of all my magic powers.
However, I never took the trouble to learn just how to break the
charm I cast over Shaggy’s brother, for I intended he should always
remain ugly.”
“Every charm,” remarked pretty Polychrome, “has its antidote;
and, if you knew this charm of ugliness, Ruggedo, you must have
known how to dispel it.”
He shook his head.
 “If I did, I—I’ve forgotten,” he stammered regretfully.
“Try to think!” pleaded Shaggy, anxiously. “Please try to think!”
Ruggedo ruffled his hair with both hands, sighed, slapped his
chest, rubbed his ear, and stared stupidly around the group.
“I’ve a faint recollection that there was one thing that would
break the charm,” said he; “but misfortune has so addled my brain
that I can’t remember what it was.”
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