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Ruby On Rails 3 Tutorial 1st Edition Michael Hartl
Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Michael Hartl
ISBN(s): 9780321743121, 0321743121
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 8.86 MB
Year: 2010
Language: english
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Praise for Ruby on Rails™ 3
Tutorial
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gradually introducing more complex topics while at the same time giving the reader the
instant gratification and a sense of accomplishment with working examples really works
for me. I also like the tips and suggestions that give me a sense of learning from a real
Rails insider. Your e-mail response to a problem I ran into is an example of your generous
sharing of your experience.
—Ron Bingham, CEO, SounDBuytz
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RUBY ON RAILS™ 3 TUTORIAL
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A d d ison-W e sl e y
Prof e ssion a l Ru b y S eri e s
O bie F ern a n d e z , S erie s E ditor
Visit informit.com /ruby for a c om plete list of availa ble pro du cts.
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RUBY ON RAILS™ 3 TUTORIAL
Learn Rails™ by Example
Michael Hartl
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Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed Editor-in-Chief
Mark Taub
as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a
trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Executive Acquisitions Editor
Debra Williams Cauley
The author and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or
implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is Managing Editor
assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the John Fuller
information or programs contained herein. Project Editor
Elizabeth Ryan
The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or
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Visit us on the Web: informit.com/aw
Compositor
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Glyph International
Hartl, Michael.
Ruby on rails 3 tutorial : learn Rails by example / Michael Hartl.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN-10: 0-321-74312-1 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN-13: 978-0-321-74312-1 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Ruby on rails (Electronic resource) 2. Web site development. 3. Ruby
(Computer program language) I. Title.
TK5105.8885.R83H37 2011
005.1 17–dc22 2010039450
Copyright © 2011 Michael Hartl
All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by
copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction,
storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to:
Pearson Education, Inc.
Rights and Contracts Department
501 Boylston Street, Suite 900
Boston, MA 02116
Fax: (617) 671-3447
The source code in Ruby on Rails ™ 3 Tutorial is released under the MIT License.
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Contents
vii
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viii Contents
1.4 Deploying 35
1.4.1 Heroku Setup 36
1.4.2 Heroku Deployment, Step One 37
1.4.3 Heroku Deployment, Step Two 37
1.4.4 Heroku Commands 39
1.5 Conclusion 40
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Contents ix
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x Contents
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Contents xi
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xii Contents
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Contents xiii
Index 527
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Foreword
My former company (CD Baby) was one of the first to loudly switch to Ruby on Rails,
and then even more loudly switch back to PHP (Google me to read about the drama).
This book by Michael Hartl came so highly recommended that I had to try it, and Ruby
on Rails ™ 3 Tutorial is what I used to switch back to Rails again.
Though I’ve worked my way through many Rails books, this is the one that finally
made me get it. Everything is done very much “the Rails way”—a way that felt very
unnatural to me before, but now after doing this book finally feels natural. This is also
the only Rails book that does test-driven development the entire time, an approach highly
recommended by the experts but which has never been so clearly demonstrated before.
Finally, by including Git, GitHub, and Heroku in the demo examples, the author really
gives you a feel for what it’s like to do a real-world project. The tutorial’s code examples
are not in isolation.
The linear narrative is such a great format. Personally, I powered through Rails
Tutorial in three long days, doing all the examples and challenges at the end of each
chapter. Do it from start to finish, without jumping around, and you’ll get the ultimate
benefit.
Enjoy!
xv
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Foreword
“If I want to learn web development with Ruby on Rails, how should I start?” For years
Michael Hartl has provided the answer as author of the RailsSpace tutorial in our series
and now the new Ruby on Rails ™ 3 Tutorial that you hold in your hands (or PDF reader,
I guess.)
I’m so proud of having Michael on the series roster. He is living, breathing proof
that we Rails folks are some of the luckiest in the wide world of technology. Before
getting into Ruby, Michael taught theoretical and computational physics at Caltech for
six years, where he received the Lifetime Achievement Award for Excellence in Teaching
in 2000. He is a Harvard graduate, has a Ph.D. in Physics from Caltech, and is an
alumnus of Paul Graham’s esteemed Y Combinator program for entrepreneurs. And
what does Michael apply his impressive experience and teaching prowess to? Teaching
new software developers all around the world how to use Ruby on Rails effectively! Lucky
we are indeed!
The availability of this tutorial actually comes at a critical time for Rails adoption.
We’re five years into the history of Rails and today’s version of the platform has unprece-
dented power and flexibility. Experienced Rails folks can leverage that power effectively,
but we’re hearing growing cries of frustration from newcomers. The amount of informa-
tion out there about Rails is fantastic if you know what you’re doing already. However,
if you’re new, the scope and mass of information about Rails can be mind-boggling.
Luckily, Michael takes the same approach as he did in his first book in the series,
building a sample application from scratch, and writes in a style that’s meant to be read
from start to finish. Along the way, he explains all the little details that are likely to
trip up beginners. Impressively, he goes beyond just a straightforward explanation of
what Rails does and ventures into prescriptive advice about good software development
xvii
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xviii Foreword
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Acknowledgments
Ruby on Rails ™ Tutorial owes a lot to my previous Rails book, RailsSpace, and hence
to my coauthor on that book, Aurelius Prochazka. I’d like to thank Aure both for the
work he did on that book and for his support of this one. I’d also like to thank Debra
Williams Cauley, my editor on both RailsSpace and Rails Tutorial ; as long as she keeps
taking me to baseball games, I’ll keep writing books for her.
I’d like to acknowledge a long list of Rubyists who have taught and inspired me
over the years: David Heinemeier Hansson, Yehuda Katz, Carl Lerche, Jeremy Kemper,
Xavier Noria, Ryan Bates, Geoffrey Grosenbach, Peter Cooper, Matt Aimonetti, Gregg
Pollack, Wayne E. Seguin, Amy Hoy, Dave Chelimsky, Pat Maddox, Tom Preston-
Werner, Chris Wanstrath, Chad Fowler, Josh Susser, Obie Fernandez, Ian McFarland,
Steven Bristol, Giles Bowkett, Evan Dorn, Long Nguyen, James Lindenbaum, Adam
Wiggins, Tikhon Bernstam, Ron Evans, Wyatt Greene, Miles Forrest, the good people
at Pivotal Labs, the Heroku gang, the thoughtbot guys, and the GitHub crew. Finally,
many, many readers—far too many to list—have contributed a huge number of bug
reports and suggestions during the writing of this book, and I gratefully acknowledge
their help in making it as good as it can be.
xix
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Discovering Diverse Content Through
Random Scribd Documents
"I'm sorry you made it," she spat at him viciously. "I hate you—hate
you!"
Heydrick spun the dials on the handcuffs. "Okay, kid, if you want to
play rough, you'll sit out the rest of the trip on my lap. The interval is
two feet, as of now."
"I hope you can take it." Then she snapped. Tears burst out. She
raged and screamed and kicked, laughed and cried and choked at
the same time. Heydrick slapped her out of it. She huddled on the
floor, sobbing weakly.
The co-pilot came along the passageway. "Oh, it's your pet? We
thought it might be."
"Still want to trade jobs?"
"It might be fun to spank her, but I'll skip it. I've news for you. We
can't land in City 4—trouble of some kind—sounds like a good row."
"Do you know what's wrong?"
"They didn't say. Orders are to take the ship on the Desert City 12.
You two can go down in the lighters with the freight." The co-pilot
patted Ria on the shoulder—she cringed away from him. "Tough
luck," he said gently. "Too bad you're stuck with Bighead here. If you
were dealing with me, we'd go off to some empty asteroid and camp
out for the rest of your life."
Brooding over the immensity of the plain below was Canal City 4.
Covering the entire city like a tremendous bubble was the iridescent
dome of fused-quartz. The tiny fleet of ore-lighters nosed through
the valves of airlock after airlock and headed across town toward the
sprawling terraces of the freight docks. Like a chain of brightly
silvered pumpkin seeds, the clumsy craft wound in and out among
the towers of the 7th level, down to the freight docks.
Heydrick took his prisoner through the airlock in the freight terminal
to condition her and himself for street-level atmosphere, then went
out on the huge platform again.
Pausing only long enough to ask a robot attendant for information,
Heydrick pushed the button to stop a descending elevator.
"Labor trouble—the workers are picketing—riots have broken out at
street level," droned the mechanical voice of the robot.
A crowded car stopped, signalling raucously. Heydrick showed his
badge to the robot pilot. "Street level," he said crisply. "Space Patrol
priority." The robot grunted. "We have orders not to stop unless it's
vitally necessary."
"It's necessary."
Jumbles of neo-plastic architecture, rising tier on tier above the
series of terraces on which the city was built, whirled upward past
the descending car.
On the street level, all was bustle and confusion. A polyglot crowd
composed of every human and near human species in the universe
jammed the streets. Stares followed the I.P.S. uniform as Heydrick
pushed out of the elevator. A few people gave nods of respect, but
in most faces burned a sullen hatred and resentment.
Ria followed him in stolid silence as the handcuffs tugged at her. The
knots of angry people came suddenly in focus and she had a
moment's desperate inspiration.
She jerked back heavily on the cuffs and began to scream.
Heydrick was caught off guard and spun sharply about.
"Help me, somebody," Ria cried wildly. "The cops are taking me in. I
haven't done anything."
The mob clotted around the pair, snarling angrily.
Heydrick reached for his gun, just as somebody threw a spanner. He
dodged, heard Ria's voice shout a welcome, "Thorsan," and that was
all. A sharp jab in his cheek as the paralysis needle went home was
the last he knew. Darkness rushed over him in a smothering cloud.
There was sound of the bar being withdrawn. A heavy foot kicked
the door open. A man with a twisted face held the light and the gun
while two others approached warily and jabbed needles into the
captives. Coarse hands jerked them to their feet, and the two were
dragged outside, feigning limpness.
"Now," said Ria. She thrust out her foot. The man with the gun
tripped and went sprawling on the floor. Heydrick swung with all he
had at the darkness where he remembered a chin and felt bone
shatter beneath his fist. Then he was tangled in a savage knot with
the third man, rolling and threshing about in deadly fury.
Ria was not idle. She salvaged the light, switched the radilume back
on, and hunted for the dropped gun. In a matter of seconds, she
brought the butt down on an exposed skull. The thug let go and
sank to the floor.
Heydrick dusted himself off.
"I ought to let you have it, too," Ria mumbled, "but I always was a
softy. Come on, sucker."
"Which way?"
"I think they brought me that way," the girl said slowly. "Let's try the
other. Heaven knows where it leads."
Heydrick took the gun from her and thrust it through his belt. They
struck off down the tunnel, taking forks at random, but going as
cautiously as they could.
Luck was against them. They came suddenly round a turn and into a
chamber full of Wildings. It was the room where Heydrick had been
questioned by Thorsan. The man still sat at the desk. Heydrick drew
the gun and pressed its trigger as Thorsan dived for a doorway. The
desk glowed, then exploded. The room was choked with dust.
Heydrick remembered a nightmarish pursuit, running down a series
of criss-cross galleries with endless side passages. The gallery ended
abruptly. An open mine-shaft barred their way.
It was a double shaft, with space for two elevators, but neither lift
was on their level. Sounds of pursuit came from the gallery behind
them.
Heydrick leaned over and looked down the shaft. A floor below was
the open-platform lift.
"Jump for the cable," he ordered. "Try to slide down it."
"You first," she said. "I'm a sissy." Heydrick jumped and his stomach
wrenched with nausea. Then the cable was burning through his
hands. His feet stung as they came down solidly on the metal
flooring. The girl was right behind him. He found the control lever
and jammed it all the way over.
The car dropped under them with sickening speed.
A blaster beam flamed briefly above them, and the discharge set a
chorus of echoes bouncing back and forth in the old mine-shaft.
"Hang tight," he shouted. "I don't know how far down this shaft
goes. If we hit bottom at this speed, we'll flatten out like saucers."
A mushroom of brilliant light expanded above them. The car jerked
and grated on the rock walls, then went down in a free fall, the
cable trailing slack above them.
Down the shaft hurtled the old lift, air whistling eerily round its
edges.
"They've blasted the cable!" Heydrick cried. "Now we are in for it."
He leaped to the brake lever and tugged at it. The bar was rusted
fast. Ria tried to help. With their combined weight and effort, the bar
gave a little. Inch by inch, it moved. The clamps started taking hold
of the side walls and a shriek of protest came from rock and metal.
The elevator slowed slightly. Too late.
With a grinding rasp of smashed metal, it struck. Ria was hurled
clear, but Heydrick was trapped.
The metal cable came down, coiling and snapping like a whip. A stiff
spiral of it covered Heydrick, pinning him fast to the floor. He wiped
a smear of blood from his face and tried vainly to lift the heavy
strands. They refused to budge.
Ria knelt beside him and tried to shift the coils, but it was no use.
"You'd better go," he said roughly. "They'll be down as soon as they
can get to the other elevator ... to make sure of us."
Ria glared at him. "It's my maternal instinct," she said. "I can't leave
you."
"You wanted a chance to escape. This is it."
Ria seized the broken brake lever and pried up part of the strands.
Heydrick worked himself part way out, but the weight was too much
for her strength. The bar twisted out of her hands. Down came the
full weight again. Heydrick cried out in agony. She moved the bar
and lifted again. This time, he crawled free.
Leaning on her, he was able to stand and walk along the old gallery,
but it was a slow business. Deadly slow.
Behind them, they could hear the whine of a descending lift.
"They're coming," he said. Crouching against an angle of the tunnel,
they waited. It was useless to run. Heydrick cut the switch of his
radilume and braced the blaster against cold stone. He felt better
with the trigger nestling against his trembling finger.
The Wildings came cautiously, but they needed light to move at all.
Light splashed off the rock around the corner. Shadowy figures
moved behind the light. Heydrick pressed the trigger, and a pale
beam flicked the darkness. In the close confinement of the tunnel,
the shattering blast stunned their brains.
The explosion stopped some of the pursuit, but a scuff of boots on
rough rock warned Heydrick. Needles from paralysis guns snicked
nastily from the naked rocks beside them. He and the girl turned
and fled headlong through the darkness. Pain forgotten, he thrust
Ria ahead of him, and pried up part of the strands. Heydrick
followed, stumbling and swearing.
In the darkness ahead, he heard Ria cry out. Unable to stop, he too
collided with what seemed to be a solid wall of metal. Heydrick
flicked the radilume switch. Light flooded an ore depot, with rusting
electric cars.
"Ore cars," he gasped. "Get in." He boosted the girl up and
scrambled after her. Heydrick fumbled for the switch, found it. The
car leaped ahead as a blaster beam licked the rails behind them.
With shaking hands, Heydrick re-primed his blaster and fired wildly
at the darkness behind them. Shadows danced. It seemed seconds
before the blasts went off. Two in rapid succession.
Another car leaped from the dust cloud behind. It was pursuing
them on the parallel tracks.
A blaster beam grazed the back wall of the ore-car. It was gone with
a flash and a roar. The shock flattened Heydrick and the girl against
the front wall. Heydrick re-primed his gun, but it was impossible to
aim. The tracks went into a black maw and went up in a steeply
climbing spiral. Flanges screamed wildly as the wheels bit into the
curves. Up. Up. Up. The miles raced backward in a dizzy flow of
darkness lit by faint reflections from the radilume.
Suddenly the track levelled off on a straightaway. Heydrick peered
ahead. Heaven alone knew where the tunnel led or how far the
tracks were good. The car was going like a runaway rocket.
Then they were out in the open, in daylight. The tracks came out of
a tunnel-mouth on the banks of the dry canal.
The hurtling ore-car was half way across the bridge before Heydrick
knew they were heading for the city.
Out of the tunnel-mouth across the canal shot the other ore-car.
Both cars raced toward the city.
Ten miles. Five. Three. One.
Weird lights flickered on the tremendous dome ahead, as if some
infernal carnival was being held within the city.
Up a steep ramp to the airlock shot the cars. Seconds now. The
airlock was closed.
A gate of metal and plastic loomed close. Glass, plastic, metal and
quartz vanished in a thunderous melee of sound. The first lock. The
city's automatic wall-magnets clawed at the racing car. It slowed
rapidly. The deceleration pinned both of them flat against the front
wall of the car. It went through the second gate like a knife through
dough. The jar was agony.
The car rolled up to a dock and stopped.
Heydrick was out of the car and racing for a visiphone as a wobbling
wheel came loose and romped down the track, smashing sheds to
metal splinters.
"Get Tyko," he bellowed.
"Sorry," a robot said tonelessly. "No calls are going through till the
end of the emergency."
Heydrick swore wildly. He and Ria ran through the building and out
onto the huge terrace in front. The vast bowl of the city was in
tumult. Fires were raging on all the lower levels, and several of the
towers of the 7th level had crashed down in ruins. Mobs roared
through the streets, killing, burning, and looting. It was revolution.
Security police, trying to stem the outbreak, were caught in the
maelstroms, overwhelmed, and submerged. The lower levels had
gone mad with hate. Wildings were everywhere, organizing, leading,
destroying.
Heydrick commandeered an empty flier, got Ria aboard and set the
automatic pilot for Tyko's tower in West 21.
In Tyko's tower, the old man stood watching the end of the grim
spectacle in the streets below. Walls of white fire moved out in ever-
widening circles from the experimental domes, moved through the
city, quieting the mobs, herding them back to their homes. Dead lay
in windrows.
A bell rang behind him. He turned. "Oh, come in," he said. It was
Thorsan, Feyjak's assistant.
"It's almost over," Tyko told him. "Order is being restored now. After
this, we'll keep the Blues in power and give the people a government
they can like. It's a sad thing, to govern people. Herding them about
like animals. Men should be free. I'm an anarchist myself ... out of
hours."
"How about my people?" Thorsan asked, an odd expression on his
face.
"Your people? Oh, the Red Scientists. Don't worry. We knew this
revolt was coming, even if you Reds didn't. We've had our eye on
the Wildings for some time. You Reds are safe enough. When order
is restored, perhaps a joint government...."
Tyko stopped. He was looking into the muzzle of a blaster.
"I don't understand," he quavered.
"My people are the Wildings. We don't want any of your kind of
governments," Thorsan said slowly. "With you out of the way,
nothing can stop the revolution. I regret the necessity."
From the open doorway, Heydrick fired. The paralysis needle bit
deep in Thorsan's neck. He crumpled silently.
Heydrick and Ria stood before Tyko.
"I see you've completed your mission," the old man said. He
frowned as Heydrick put his arm around Ria.
Heydrick laughed. "When Thorsan comes out of it, give him
scopolamine. He'll tell you who did kill Feyjak."
"I suppose you want my blessing? You have it."
"How's your war coming?"
"It's over by now. Nasty business, government. What are you going
to do?"
Heydrick and Ria looked at each other.
"I think we'll find an empty asteroid and camp out for a while. The
universe is getting too crowded. I'm glad she was innocent, Tyko. I
could never have brought her in ... for any reason."
"I wish I were young enough to go with you," Tyko sighed. "Not on
your honeymoon, of course. I guess you won't be coming back. This
is goodbye, then? Is there anything I can do for you?"
Heydrick started to reply but Ria cut in. "Yes, there is. I want
another pair of those magnetic handcuffs."
Heydrick shrugged. "She has the maternal instincts of a buzz-saw."
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