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Begin to Code with C#

Rob Miles
PUBLISHED BY
Microsoft Press
A Division of Microsoft Corporation
One Microsoft Way
Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
Copyright © 2016 by Rob Miles.
All rights reserved.
No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means without the written
permission of the publisher.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015942036
ISBN: 978-1-5093-0115-7
Printed and bound in the United States of America.
First Printing
Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and
distributors worldwide. If you need support related to this book,
email Microsoft Press Support at mspinput@microsoft.com. Please
tell us what you think of this book at http://aka.ms/tellpress.
This book is provided “as-is” and expresses the authors’ views and
opinions. The views, opinions, and information expressed in this
book, including URL and other Internet website references, may
change without notice.
Some examples depicted herein are provided for illustration only and
are fictitious. No real association or connection is intended or should
be inferred.
Microsoft and the trademarks listed at http://www.microsoft.com on
the “Trademarks” webpage are trademarks of the Microsoft group of
companies. All other marks are the property of their respective
owners.
Acquisitions and Developmental Editor: Devon Musgrave
Project Editor: John Pierce
Editorial Production: Rob Nance and John Pierce
Technical Reviewer: Lance McCarthy; Technical Review services
provided by Content Master, a member of CM Group, Ltd.
Copyeditor: John Pierce
Indexer: Christina Palaia, Emerald Editorial Services
Cover: Twist Creative • Seattle
To Mary
Contents at a glance
Part 1: Programming fundamentals
Chapter 1 Starting out
Chapter 2 What is programming?
Chapter 3 Writing programs
Chapter 4 Working with data in a program
Chapter 5 Making decisions in a program
Chapter 6 Repeating actions with loops
Chapter 7 Using arrays
Part 2: Advanced programming
Chapter 8 Using methods to simplify programs
Chapter 9 Creating structured data types
Chapter 10 Classes and references
Chapter 11 Making solutions with objects
Part 3: Making games
Chapter 12 What makes a game?
Chapter 13 Creating gameplay
Chapter 14 Games and object hierarchies
Chapter 15 Games and software components
Contents
Introduction
Part 1: Programming fundamentals
1 Starting out
Building a place to work
Getting the tools and demos
Using the tools
Visual Studio projects and solutions
Running a program with Visual Studio
Stopping a program running in Visual Studio
The MyProgram application
What you have learned
2 What is programming?
What makes a programmer?
Programming and party planning
Programming and problems
Programmers and people
Computers as data processors
Machines and computers and us
Making programs work
Programs as data processors
Data and information
What you have learned
3 Writing programs
C# program structure
Identify resources
 Start a class definition
Declare the StartProgram method
Set the title and display a message
Extra Snaps
SpeakString
Creating new program files
Extra Snaps
Delay
SetTextColor
SetTitleColor
SetBackgroundColor
Creating your own colors
What you have learned
4 Working with data in a program
Starting with variables
Variables and computer storage
Declaring a variable
Simple assignment statements
Using a variable in a program
Assigning values in a declaration
Adding strings together
Working with numbers
Whole numbers and real numbers
Performing calculations
Working with different types of data
Converting numbers into text
Whole numbers and real numbers in programs
Variable types and expressions
 Precision and accuracy
Converting types by casting
Using casting on operands in an expression
Types and errors
Extra Snaps
Weather snaps
ThrowDice
What you have learned
5 Making decisions in a program
Understanding the Boolean type
Declaring a Boolean variable
Boolean expressions
Using if constructions and operators
Relational operators
Equality operators
Comparing strings
Creating blocks of statements
Local variables in blocks of code
Creating complex conditions using logical operators
Working with logic
Adding comments to make a program clearer
Funfair rides and programs
Reading in numbers
Building logic using if conditions
Completing the program
Working with program assets
Asset management in Visual Studio
Playing sound assets
 Displaying image content
What you have learned
6 Repeating actions with loops
Using a loop to make a pizza picker
Counting selections
Displaying the totals
Getting user options
Adding a while loop
Performing input validation with a while loop
Using Visual Studio to follow the execution of your programs
Counting in a loop to make a times-table tutor
Using a for loop construction
Breaking out of loops
Going back to the top of a loop by using continue
Extra Snaps
Voice input
Secret data entry
What you have learned
7 Using arrays
Have an ice cream
Storing the data in single variables
Making an array
Using an index
Working with arrays
Displaying the contents of the array by using a for loop
Displaying a user menu
Sorting an array using the Bubble Sort
Finding the highest and lowest sales values
 Working out the total and the average sales
Completing the program
Multiple dimensions in arrays
Using nested for loops to work with two-dimensional arrays
Making test versions of programs
Finding the length of an array dimension
Using arrays as lookup tables
What you have learned
Part 2: Advanced programming
8 Using methods to simplify programs
What makes a method?
Adding a method to a class
Feeding information to methods by using parameters
Returning values from method calls
Making a tiny contacts app
Reading in contact details
Storing contact information
Using Windows local storage
Using reference parameters to deliver results from a method
call
Displaying the contact details
Adding IntelliSense comments to your methods
What you have learned
9 Creating structured data types
Storing music notes by using a structure
Creating and declaring a structure
Creating arrays of structure values
Structures and methods
 Constructing structure values
Making a music recorder
Creating preset arrays
Objects and responsibilities: Making a SongNote play itself
Protecting values held in a structure
Making a drawing program with Snaps
Drawing dots on the screen
Using the DrawDot Snap to draw a dot on the screen
The SnapsCoordinate structure
Using the GetDraggedCoordinate Snap to detect a
drawing position
Using the SetDrawingColor Snap to set the drawing color
Using the ClearGraphics Snap to clear the screen
The SnapsColor structure
Creating enumerated types
Making decisions with the switch construction
Extra Snaps
GetTappedCoordinate
DrawLine
GetScreenSize
PickImage
What you have learned
10 Classes and references
Making a time tracker
Creating a structure to hold contact information
Using the this reference when working with objects
Managing lots of contacts
Making test data
 Designing the Time Tracker user interface
Structuring the Time Tracker program
Creating a new contact
Finding customer details
Adding minutes to a contact
Display a summary
Structures and classes
Sorting and structures
Sorting and references
Reference and value types
References and assignments
Classes and constructors
Arrays of class references
From arrays to lists
Working through lists of data
Lists and the index value
Lists of structures
Storing data using JSON
The Newtonsoft JSON library
Storing and recovering lists
Fetching data using XML
What you have learned
11 Making solutions with objects
Creating objects with integrity
Protecting data held inside an object
Providing Get and Set methods for private data
Providing methods that reflect the use of an object
Using properties to manage access to data
 Using properties to enforce business rules
Managing the object construction process
Catching and dealing with exceptions
Creating user-friendly applications
Saving drawings in files
SaveGraphicsImageToFileAsPNG
SaveGraphicsImageToLocalStoreAsPNG
LoadGraphicsPNGImageFromLocalStore
The DateTime structure
Getting the current date and time
Fading date and time displays
Using the date and time to make a file name
Creating a Drawing class
Creating a list of drawings
Making the drawing diary methods
What you have learned
Part 3: Making games
12 What makes a game?
Creating a video game
Games and game engines
Games and sprites
What you have learned
13 Creating gameplay
Creating a player-controlled paddle
Adding sound to games
Displaying text in a game
Making a complete game
What you have learned
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