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PICmicro microcontroller pocket reference 1st Edition
Predko Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Predko, Michael
ISBN(s): 9780071395632, 0071395636
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 6.89 MB
Year: 2001
Language: english
5194 Pocket Predko FM 9/25/01 4:20 PM Page i

PICmicro®
Microcontroller
Pocket
Reference
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5194 Pocket Predko FM 9/25/01 4:20 PM Page iii

PICmicro®
Microcontroller
Pocket
Reference

Myke Predko

McGraw-Hill
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Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United
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This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licen-
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DOI: 10.1036/0071395636
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5194 Pocket Predko FM 9/25/01 4:20 PM Page v

Contents

Chapter 1. Conventions Used in This Book 1

Chapter 2. PICmicro® MCU Part Number

Feature Comparison 3

Feature to Part Number Table 3

Chapter 3. Device Pinouts 7

Low-End 8
Mid-Range 10
PIC17Cxx 14
PIC18Cxx 17

Chapter 4. PICmicro® MCU Instruction Sets 21

Parameters 21
Low-End Instruction Set 22
Mid-Range Instruction Set 31
PIC17Cxx Instruction Set 40
PIC18Cxx Instruction Set 63
Microchip Special Instruction Mnemonics 104
Parallax PICmicro® MCU Instruction Set 111

Copyright 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies. Click Here for Terms of Use.
5194 Pocket Predko FM 9/25/01 4:20 PM Page vi

vi Contents

Chapter 5. PICmicro® MCU Processor

Architectures 123

The PICmicro® MCU’s Arithmetic Logic Unit 123

Low-End PICmicro® MCUs 125
Register access 126
STATUS register 128
Program counter 128
Mid-Range PICmicro® MCUs 130
Register access 130
STATUS register 132
Program counter 133
Interrupt operation 134
Interrupt handler skeleton 135
PIC17Cxx 136
Register access 137
STATUS register 138
Program counter 139
Interrupt operation 140
Interrupt handler skeleton 142
PIC18Cxx 142
Register access 144
STATUS register 146
Program counter 147
Interrupt operation 150
Interrupt handler skeleton 150

Chapter 6. PICmicro® MCU Register Mappings 151

Low-End PICmicro® MCUs 151
Mid-Range PICmicro® MCUs 154
PIC17Cxx 169
PIC18Cxx 186
5194 Pocket Predko FM 9/25/01 4:20 PM Page vii

Contents vii

Chapter 7. Built-In Hardware Features 207

Configuration Registers 207

Oscillators 208
Sleep 213
Option Register 216
Input/Output Ports and TRIS Registers 217
Watchdog Timer 221
TMR0 222
Prescaler 223
TMR1 224
TMR2 227
Compare/Capture/PWM(CCP) Module 228
USART Module 232
SSP Module 239
SPI operation 239
I2C operation 244
Built-In ADC 252
Built-In Comparators 257
Parallel Slave Port 261
Built-In EEPROM Data Memory Access 263
EPROM Program Memory Access 269
Flash Program Memory Access 271
External Parallel Memory 273

Chapter 8. PICmicro® MCU

Hardware Interfacing 277

Power 277
Reset 281
Digital Logic Interfacing 282
5194 Pocket Predko FM 9/25/01 4:20 PM Page viii

viii Contents

Parallel Bus Device Interfacing 282

Button Interfacing 284
Switch Matrix Keypad/Keyboard Interfacing 287
Combining Input and Output 291
Simulated “Open Collector’’/“Open Drain’’ I/O 292
LEDs 293
Multisegment LED displays 293
LCD Interfaces 296
I2C Bit Banging “Master’’ Interface 334
RS-232 Interfaces 338
RS-485/RS-422 345
Asynchronous Serial I/O Software Routines 347
Dallas Semiconductor One-Wire Interface 357
Reading Potentiometer Using Parallel I/O Pins 363
Motor Drivers 365
R/C Servo Control 370
Audio Output 371
AC Power Control 373
Hall-Effect Sensors 374
Sony Infrared TV Remote Control 374

Chapter 9. PICmicro® MCU Programming 379

“Hex’’ File Format 379

Low-End PICmicro® MCU Programming 381
Mid-Range Serial Programming 385
PIC17Cxx Programming 394
PIC17Cxx ICSP Programming 398
PIC18Cxx Programming 402
Microchip ICSP Programming Connector 405
Third Party/Downloadable Programmers 406
5194 Pocket Predko FM 9/25/01 4:20 PM Page ix

Contents ix

Chapter 10. PC Interfaces 407

Memory Map 407

I/O Space Map 407
Interrupt Function by Number 422
ISA Bus 425
ISA pinouts 425
Interrupts 429
Keyboard and Mouse Ports 430
Connector specification 430
Keyboard operation with timing diagrams 431
Keyboard scan codes 432
Keyboard controller commands 436
BIOS interfaces 436
Keyboard commands 441
Serial Port 441
Connector pinouts 442
8250 block diagram 443
Serial port base addresses 443
8250 registers 444
Interrupts 449
Interrupt 14h–RS-232 communications APIs 451
Parallel Port 455
Block diagram/connector 455
Base registers 457
Registers 457
Data output waveform 458
BIOS interfaces 459

Chapter 11. Useful Code “Snippets’’ 461

Jumping Outside the Current Page 461

Tables 462
Conditional Branching 465
5194 Pocket Predko FM 9/25/01 4:20 PM Page x

x Contents

Time Delays 466

Negating the Contents of a Register 467
Incrementing/Decrementing “w’’ 468
Rotating a Byte in Place 469
Copy Bits from One Register to Another 470
Converting a Nybble to ASCII 470
Converting an ASCII Byte to a Hex Nybble 471
Using T0CKI as an Interrupt Source Pin 471
Dividing by Three 472
Sixteen-Bit Pulse Measurement with
5-Cycle Delay 473
Detect a Change in a Register 474
Test a Byte within a Range 474
Convert ASCII to Upper Case 475
Swap the Contents of “w’’ with a Register 475
Swap the Contents of Two Registers 475
Compare and Swap if Y  X 476
Counting the Number of “1’’s in a Byte 476
Generating Parity for a Byte 477
Keeping a Variable within a Range 477
Swapping Bit Pairs 478
Bitwise Operations 478
Constant Multiplication 479
Constant Division 480

Chapter 12. 16-Bit Numbers 483

Defining 16 Bit Numbers 483

Increments and Decrements 484
Addition/Subtraction 485
Bitwise Operations on Constants and Variables 488
5194 Pocket Predko FM 9/25/01 4:20 PM Page xi

Contents xi

Comparisons with 16-Bit Variables 489

Multiplication 492
Division 495

Chapter 13. PICmicro® MCU

Operations Tables 499

I/O Pin Current Capabilities 500

RC Oscillator Component Values 500
LP Oscillator Operating Characteristics 501
XT Oscillator Operating Characteristics 502
HS Oscillator Operating Characteristics 504

Chapter 14. PICmicro® MCU Application

Debugging Checklist 507

Chapter 15. PICmicro® MCU Application

Software Development Tools 517

Microsoft Compatible Editor “Ctrl’’ Key

Combinations 517
MPSIM.INI 518
MPLAB 519
Stimulus (.STI) files 525
MPLAB assembler directives 526
Standard Declaration and Include (“.inc’’) Files 536
Linking–Linked Applications 536
Application Code Template 539
The BASIC Language 540
Microsoft BASIC Enhancements 542
PicBasic 549
5194 Pocket Predko FM 9/25/01 4:20 PM Page xii

xii Contents

Visual Basic 578

MSComm control 581
The “C’’ Language 588
Declarations 588
Statements 590
Operators 593
Directives 595
“Backslash’’ characters 598
Common C functions 598
PICmicro® MCU enhancement functions 603

Chapter 16. Constants and Data Tables 605

Mathematical and Physical Constants 605

ASCII 606
ASCII control characters 607
ANSI display control sequences 609
IBM PC extended ASCII characters 612
Windows ASCII characters 612
EBCDIC 612
Audio Notes 615
“Touch-Tone’’ Telephone Frequencies 616
Modem “AT’’ Commands 616
Modem registers 622
Morse Code 625
Phonetic Alphabets 626
“Ten’’ Radio Codes 626

Chapter 17. Miscellaneous Electronics 629

Resistor Color Coding 629

Electromagnetic Spectrum 630
Radar bands 632
5194 Pocket Predko FM 9/25/01 4:20 PM Page xiii

Contents xiii

Digital Logic 632

Gates 632
Flip flops 633

Chapter 18. Formulas 635

DC Electronics Formulas 635
AC Electronics Formulas 636
Mathematical Formulas 638
Boolean Arithmetic 638
Conversions 640

Chapter 19. Resources 641

Microchip 641
PICmicro® MCU Books 642
Useful Books 643
PICList Internet List Server 648
Recommended PICmicro® MCU Web Sites 656
Periodicals 658
Useful Web Sites 659
Hardware FAQs 660
Part Suppliers 661
Digi-Key 661
AP Circuits 661
Wirz Electronics 662
Tower Hobbies 663
Jameco 663
JDR 663
Newark 664
Marshall Industries 664
Mouser Electronics 665
Mondo-tronics Robotics Store 665

Index 667
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5194 Predko Pocket Chapter 1 9/25/01 4:21 PM Page 1

Chapter

1
Conventions Used in
This Book

Hz Hertz (Cycles per Second)

kHz Kilohertz (Thousands of Cycles per Second)
MHz Megahertz (Millions of Cycles per Second)
GHz Gigahertz (Billions of Cycles per Second)
bps Bits per Second
kbps Thousands of Bits per Second
mbps Millions of Bits per Second
KBytes 1,024 Bytes
MBytes 1,048,576 Bytes
GBytes 1,073,741,824 Bytes

Copyright 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies. Click Here for Terms of Use.
5194 Predko Pocket Chapter 1 9/25/01 4:21 PM Page 2

2 Chapter 1

K 1,000 ohms
uF microfarads
ms/msecs milliseconds
us/usecs microseconds
0x0nn, $nn, Hex Numbers
0nnh, and
H‘nn’
0b0nnn, Binary Number
%nnn,
0nnnb, and
B‘nnn’
nnn, 0nnnd, Decimal Number
and .nnn
AND and & Bitwise “AND”
OR and | Bitwise “OR”
XOR and ^ Bitwise “XOR”
_Label Negative Active Pin. In some manufacturer’s
data sheets this is represented with a leading
“!” character or with a bar over the entire
label.
[parameter] The parameter is optional.
parameter |
parameter One or another parameter can be used.
5194 Predko Pocket Chapter 2 9/25/01 4:22 PM Page 3

Chapter

2
PICmicro® MCU
Part Number
Feature Comparison

Feature to Part Number Table

The following table lists the different PICmicro® MCU
families with the features that are specific to them.

Copyright 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies. Click Here for Terms of Use.
 5194 Predko Pocket Chapter 2
Part Number Features
4

PIC12C5xx 8-Pin PICmicro® MCU. 12-Bit (Low-End) Processor. Internal Reset & Oscillator.
PIC12C6xx 8-Pin PICmicro® MCU. 14-Bit (Mid-Range) Processor. 8-Bit ADC/Internal
Reset & Oscillator/Optional EEPROM Data Memory.
PIC14C000 28-Pin PICmicro® MCU. 14-Bit (Mid-Range) Processor. Advanced
ADC/Internal Voltage Reference/On Chip Temperature Sensor.
PIC16C5x 18- to 28-Pin PICmicro® MCU. 12-Bit (Low-End) Processor.
PIC16C505 14-Pin PICmicro® MCU. 12-Bit (Low-End) Processor. Internal Reset & Oscillator.
PIC16HV540 18-Pin PICmicro® MCU. 12-Bit (Low-End) Processor. Extended Vdd
Capabilities with Built-In Regulator.

9/25/01
PIC16C55x 18-Pin PICmicro® MCU. 14-Bit (Mid-Range) Processor.
PIC16C6x 18- to 40-Pin PICmicro® MCU. 14-Bit (Mid-Range) Processor. Optional TMR1
& TMR2/Optional SPI/Optional USART/Optional PSP.
PIC16C62x 18-Pin PICmicro® MCU. 14-Bit (Mid-Range) Processor. Voltage Comparators

4:22 PM
Built-In with Voltage Reference/Optional EEPROM Data Memory.
PIC16F62x 18-Pin PICmicro® MCU. 14-Bit (Mid-Range) Processor. Flash Program
Memory/Voltage Comparators Built-In with Voltage Reference/Internal Reset
& Oscillator.
PIC16C642 28-Pin PICmicro® MCU. 14-Bit (Mid-Range) Processor. Voltage Comparators

Page 4
Built-In with Voltage Reference.
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