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Agile Web Development
with Rails 7
by Sam Ruby

Version: P1.0 (May 2023)

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 Table of Contents

Foreword to the Rails 7 Edition

Preface to the Rails 7 Edition

Acknowledgments

Introduction
Rails Simply Feels Right
Rails Is Agile
Who This Book Is For
How to Read This Book

Part I. Getting Started

1. Installing Rails
Installing on Windows
Installing on macOS
Installing on Linux
Choosing a Rails Version
Setting Up Your Development Environment
Rails and Databases
2. Instant Gratification
Creating a New Application
Hello, Rails!
Linking Pages Together
When Things Go Wrong

3. The Architecture of Rails Applications

Models, Views, and Controllers
Rails Model Support
Action Pack: The View and Controller

4. Introduction to Ruby
Ruby Is an Object-Oriented Language
Data Types
Logic
Organizing Structures
Marshaling Objects
Pulling It All Together
Ruby Idioms

Part II. Building an Application

5. The Depot Application

Incremental Development
What Depot Does
 Let’s Code

6. Task A: Creating the Application

Iteration A1: Creating the Product Maintenance Application
Iteration A2: Making Prettier Listings

7. Task B: Validation and Unit Testing

Iteration B1: Validating!
Iteration B2: Unit Testing of Models

8. Task C: Catalog Display

Iteration C1: Creating the Catalog Listing
Iteration C2: Adding a Page Layout
Iteration C3: Using a Helper to Format the Price
Iteration C4: Functional Testing of Controllers
Iteration C5: Caching of Partial Results

9. Task D: Cart Creation

Iteration D1: Finding a Cart
Iteration D2: Connecting Products to Carts
Iteration D3: Adding a Button

10. Task E: A Smarter Cart

Iteration E1: Creating a Smarter Cart
Iteration E2: Handling Errors
Iteration E3: Finishing the Cart

11. Task F: Hotwiring the Storefront

 Iteration F1: Moving the Cart
Iteration F2: Creating a Hotwired Cart
Iteration F3: Highlighting Changes
Iteration F4: Broadcasting Updates with Action Cable

12. Task G: Check Out!

Iteration G1: Capturing an Order
Iteration G2: Adding Fields Dynamically to a Form
Iteration G3: Testing Our JavaScript Functionality

13. Task H: Sending Emails and Processing

Payments Efficiently
Iteration H1: Sending Confirmation Emails
Iteration H2: Connecting to a Slow Payment Processor
with Active Job

14. Task I: Logging In

Iteration I1: Adding Users
Iteration I2: Authenticating Users
Iteration I3: Limiting Access
Iteration I4: Adding a Sidebar, More Administration

15. Task J: Internationalization

Iteration J1: Selecting the Locale
Iteration J2: Translating the Storefront
Iteration J3: Translating Checkout
Iteration J4: Adding a Locale Switcher
16. Task K: Receive Emails
and Respond with Rich Text
Iteration K1: Receiving Support Emails with Action Mailbox
Iteration K2: Storing Support Requests from Our Mailbox
Iteration K3: Responding with Rich Text

17. Task L: Deployment and Production

Configuring the Database
Managing Secrets
Building a Docker Image
Getting Up and Running
Checking Up on a Deployed Application

18. Depot Retrospective

Rails Concepts
Documenting What We’ve Done

Part III. Rails in Depth

19. Finding Your Way Around Rails

Where Things Go
Naming Conventions

20. Active Record

Defining Your Data
 Locating and Traversing Records
Creating, Reading, Updating, and Deleting (CRUD)
Participating in the Monitoring Process
Transactions

21. Action Dispatch and Action Controller

Dispatching Requests to Controllers
Processing of Requests
Objects and Operations That Span Requests

22. Action View

Using Templates
Generating Forms
Processing Forms
Uploading Files to Rails Applications
Using Helpers
Reducing Maintenance with Layouts and Partials

23. Migrations
Creating and Running Migrations
Anatomy of a Migration
Managing Tables
Advanced Migrations
When Migrations Go Bad
Schema Manipulation Outside Migrations

24. Customizing and Extending Rails

 Creating a Reusable Web Component
Testing with RSpec
Creating HTML Templates with Slim
Customizing Rails in Other Ways
Where to Go from Here

Bibliography

Copyright © 2023, The Pragmatic Bookshelf.

Early Praise for Agile Web
Development with Rails 7
The best book to get started in the Rails world. A comprehensive,
coherent, and concise overview of the Ruby on Rails framework. It
treats learning in a gradual way, creating an application from scratch
using the latest technologies.

→ Luis Miguel Cabezas Granado

Ruby on Rails and PHP developer at Junta de Extremadura
(Spain) and PHP book writer at Anaya Multimedia
I liked how the book guided me through each step of the tasks. This
book gives a thorough introduction to Rails, and I’d suggest it to
anyone who wants to start development with Rails.

→ Gábor László Hajba

Software Developer, EBCONT Enterprise Technologies
The book was really pleasant to read; I liked how it creates a
foundational understanding of Rails with a realistic scenario and then
builds upon it for the more advanced topics.

→ Alessandro Bahgat
Software Engineer, Google
 Foreword to the Rails 7
Edition
It’s been a long time since Ruby on Rails was the new kid on the
block, but it’s more relevant than ever for developing websites and
services. After more than sixteen years since its original release,
Rails continues to mature as a platform that helps you get things
done.

One of the secrets of Rails is something that its creator, David

Heinemeier Hansson, calls conceptual compression. A careful
building and layering of abstractions let you quickly start a task.
Then, if and when you need to go deeper and take more control of a
particular aspect of Rails, you can. You’ll see this in every facet of
Rails. For example, ActiveRecord—Rails’ database layer—helps you
quickly get data in and out of databases yet allows you to drop down
to SQL when needed.

Another secret of Rails is that it builds on Ruby’s emphasis on

optimizing programmer happiness. It makes the process of creating
software for the web fun and rewarding.

What isn’t a secret is what Rails allowed programmers to do. Some

of the biggest software success stories of the last two decades were
built and launched on Rails. Shopify, the company I currently work
for, is one of those success stories. The same codebase that Tobi
Lütke started in 2006, shown in the image, has grown up to serve
millions of merchants and process billions of dollars of transactions a
week. And we’re still using Ruby on Rails, with no plans to ever quit
using it. While we use many other technologies, and will continue to
evaluate new ones, Rails and—more importantly—the principles it is
built on are at the core of what we do.

Now, I’m not going to argue that you should learn and use Rails
because it’s what Shopify, GitHub, and many other fantastic
companies use. That’s not a very strong argument. However, a
strong argument is that companies like Shopify and GitHub use Rails
because it’s excellent for what we want to do. And, it might be just
the right tool for what you wish to do as well. Even if you go on to
use other things, learning Rails will open your eyes to a deeper
appreciation of how to build web applications.

I still remember the huge smile it gave so many years ago when I
first installed the original version of Rails and started to play around
with it. At the time, I’d been building for the web for almost a
decade and thought that I knew pretty much everything I needed to
know. It turns out that I had a lot to learn. And that experience
reminds me to this day that there’s still so much to learn.

I wish you the best as you start your journey to learning Rails, and I
hope it gives you the same big smile that it’s given so many other
people as they’ve learned it. Last but not least, you’re in the best of
hands. Dave Thomas was the person who helped bring Ruby to the
English-speaking world and taught so many of us how to get the
most out of the language. And, over two decades, I’ve learned so
much from Sam Ruby through all of his work on the web. I consider
both of them among the best mentors one can have.

With all that said, let’s get started!

James Duncan Davidson

Distinguished Engineer, Shopify
mailto:duncandavidson@me.com
Berlin, Germany, 2022-05-01

Copyright © 2023, The Pragmatic Bookshelf.

Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
A failure as a devil,
Yet boast of this you can:
You were always on the level—
And—you are a gentleman!
 THE WRONG FLOOR

A certain Emperor
(This is a censored tale)
Once pounded on the door
Of heaven with fist of mail.
Cried Peter from within,
Awakened by the row,
“Stop that infernal din!
Who are you, anyhow?”

“Don’t bandy words with me!”

Thundered the visitor.
“All doors to me are free.
I am the Emperor.”

“If you’re an Emperor,”

Said Peter, “then I fear
You’ve come to the wrong floor.
We take no Emperors here.

“Our waiting list is filled

With martyrs brave and true
Whose blood an Emperor spilled.
There is no room for you.”

Cowed by Saint Peter’s look,

The Emperor, with a frown,
Cried, “Well, I’m damned!” and took
The elevator—down.
MARCHING TO BERLIN
We come from God’s own country in the ships of Uncle Sam;
We’re going to get the william-goat of Kaiser Will—i—am;
We know it is verboten, but we do not give a damn,
As we go marching to Berlin!
(Drums) Berlin! Berlin!
Berlin! Berlin! Berlin!
As we go marching to Berlin!

Refrain
Hurray! Hurray! We’ll wave the Stripes and Stars!
Away, away with Emperors and Czars!
And when we get the Kaiser we’ll put him behind the bars,
As we go marching to Berlin!
(Drums) Berlin! Berlin! etc.

We’re from the dear old U. S. A., the Land of Liberty;

We’ve crossed a hundred rivers and three thousand miles of
sea
To teach the Huns a thing or two about Democracy,
As we go marching to Berlin!
(Drums) Berlin! Berlin! etc.

Refrain
Hurray! Hurray! We’ll show the Prussian swine
That Freedom is the only Right Divine,
And when we catch old Kaiser Bill we’ll pitch him in the Rhine,
As we go marching to Berlin!
(Drums) Berlin! Berlin! etc.

We’ve left our happy homes that we may help to win the war.
We’re a million strong already, and there’ll soon be millions
more;
 more;
And when the job is done with Kaiser Bill we’ll mop the floor,
As we go marching to Berlin!
(Drums) Berlin! Berlin! etc.

Refrain
Hurray! Hurray! We’re going to make it hot
For all the bloody Hohenzollern lot,
And when we get the Kaiser we’ll present him to his Gott,
As we go marching to Berlin!
(Drums) Berlin! Berlin!
Berlin! Berlin! Berlin!
As we go marching to Berlin!
 TARGET PRACTICE

At the Imperial Schützenfest

Fritz Pickelheim led all the rest;

At target practice Pickelheim

Could hit the Red Cross every time;

At the clay-baby contest Fritz

Scored nineteen out of twenty hits;

And once he won the Kaiser’s purse

With nine live babies and a nurse.
 THE SAUSAGE BALLOON

I often wonder, when we fry

A Sausage, if its thoughts can fly

Across the billowy ocean wave

To where its namesake stern and brave
Floats like a Guardian Angel, high
Above our armies, in the sky,
Serene and stately as a cloud.
No wonder Sausages are proud!
No wonder Sausages when fried
Oft-times swell up and burst with pride!
CONCERNING THE CROWN PRINCE
 I
When Crown Prince Willy goes to bed
It is his wont to lay his head
Upon the pillow and extend
His feet towards the other end.
“But does he really wear his hat
In bed?” you ask—well, as to that
I cannot say, I never saw him,
But that’s the way I always draw him.

II
The thing that Germans most admire
Is Crownie’s coolness under fire.
He loves to watch it gleam and glow
’Mid fragrant smoke, an inch or so
Above his nose as he reclines
In some Château behind the lines;
If the Crown Prince had his desire
He would be always under fire!

III
When you or I get up at eight
We do not have to cogitate
And rack our brains concerning just
Which suit to wear, as Princes must;
The Crown Prince has a hundred suits,
Including hats and belts and boots,
Yet such his master-mind, he knows
Which he must wear and just what goes
With what, which chevron, sash or sword,
Each in his Royal Head is stored,
Down to the detail of a spur,
All i N t h ll it !
All in a Nut-shell, as it were!

IV
Here is a most uncensored sight!
The Prince, in garb Pre-Adamite
Taking (but tell it not in Gath)
A good old English shower-bath!
 V
The Prince’s shy and shrinking habit
Has earned for him the nickname “Rabbit.”
This irritates His Highness more
Than all his country’s grief and gore,
It hurts his amour propre, for it’s
A clear case of the “Cap that fits.”
But don’t you think, however funny,
It’s rather rough upon the Bunny?
 CAMOUFLAGE

If you can stand upon one spot

And look like something you are not
And wouldn’t if you could be—say
A Bean-bag or a Bale of Hay—
You’ll find it quite a useful stunt
To practise on the Western Front;
This picture shows how Private Dunne,
Disguised as snow, deceived the Hun,
Who could not possibly see through
The Camouflage: no more can you!
 THE TANK

The Tank’s a kind of cross between

An Agricultural Machine
And something fierce and Pliocene;
Over embankments, trees, and walls,
Trenches, barbed-wire, and forts it crawls;
Nothing can stay its course—the Tank
Has not the least respect for Rank
Or File; with equal joy it squashes
All things alike, men, beasts, and—Boches.
 THE BIRD-MAN

The Bird-man does not chirp and sing

As Larks and Robins do in Spring,
He does not moult nor does he feed
On Earthworms or Canary-seed,

Nor does the Bird-man build a nest

In which his weary wings to rest;
At night, instead, when he goes home
To roost, he seeks an Aërodrome.
 FRENZYLOGICAL CHART

1. Humanity. 6. Generosity.
2. Veneration. 7. Compassion.
3. Love of Nature. 8. Sympathy.
4. Modesty. 9. Chivalry.
5. Imagination. 10. Integrity.
11. Love of Children.
 BRITANNIA SALVATRIX

Mistress of the Trident dread,

With the brow of Artemis,
Like Minerva, helmeted,
Seven Seas her sandals kiss.
Throbs a mighty heart withal
Beneath her armour of Disdain.
Not for naught did Belgium call,
Servia has not cried in vain.

When the gauge of Hate was hurled,

Seven seas at her behest,
From the corners of the world
Brought the bravest and the best.

From the utmost ends of earth,

On their tireless waves they bore,
To the Europe of their birth,
Legions of the land and air,

Spurning Peace, till Peace has brought

Hohenzollern to his fall,
And with the blood of Freemen bought
A Place in Freedom’s Sun for all.
 FATHER WILHELM

To the Tune of Lewis Carroll

“You are old, Father Wilhelm,” the Crown Prince said,
“And the hair’s growing thin on your pate;
Do you think you are perfectly right in your head—
The way you’ve been acting of late?”

“In my youth,” Father Wilhelm replied to his son,

“I hated my honour to stain
But, now that I’m perfectly sure I have none,
Why, I do it again and again.”

“You are old,” said the Prince, “and you’re getting quite bent,
And rheumatic, yet only just now,
You turned a back somersault into your tent—
Pray why did you do it, and how?”

“In my youth,” Kaiser Wilhelm replied to the Prince,

“I kept all my muscles in training;
And I’ve practised one thing that I learned, ever since—
And that’s to go in when it’s raining.”

“You are old,” said the Prince, “and your head is too light
For anything stronger than water;
Yet you talk without ceasing from morning till night;
Do you think, at your age, that you oughter?”

“In my youth,” said the Kaiser, “I lived upon raw

Spanish onions, I ate with my knife;
And the strength that those onions gave to my jaw
Has lasted the rest of my life.”

“You are old,” said the Kronprins, “and one would suppose,
You would be just a little more humble;
Yet you balance your crown on the end of your nose.
Aren’t you frightened some day it will tumble?”
“Your questions, my boy, are getting too free,”
The Kaiser with anger protested—
“Your impudence borders on Lésé Majesté;
Be off, or I’ll have you arrested.”
THE TOUCHING BALLAD OF GENERAL VON BEERS

To the Tune of W. S. Gilbert

Major Fritz-Schinkenwurst Hofbrau Von Beers
Was the pride and the joy of the Pruss Grenadiers.
You’ve guessed him a Prussian, shrewd reader, at sight,
And a glance at his manners will prove you are right.

In his fervour for “Frightfulness” Major Von Beers

Acknowledged no betters and precious few peers.
And every one envied his well-earned repute
For arson and pillage and rapine and loot.

No symphony held such delectable tones

For the ears of Von Beers as the shrieks and the groans
Of women and children bombarded with shell,
Or the crash of a hospital tumbling pell-mell.

One day from Berlin came the order “Refrain

For the present from Frightfulness. Start Press Campaign.
Von Bernstorff has wired we’re getting in wrong
With the Yankees, so play up HUMANITY strong.”

Loud, loud were the wailings of Hofbrau Von Beers.

But duty is duty, so drying his tears,
He purchased a volume by Peter F. Dunne
On “How to be Civilised, though you’re a Hun.”

He swatted up Honour, and Peace and Good-will

For a year seven months and a fortnight until,
You’ll scarcely believe it, that Hun I declare
Acquired a sort of a civilised air.

It was balky, spasmodic and apt to take flight

When a press correspondent was nowhere in sight.
It was clumsy, uncertain and crude, I’m aware,
Yet distinctly suggested a civilised air.
He started at once a colossal campaign
And filled correspondents with fibs and champagne,
And the press correspondents all voted Von Beers
A prince of good fellows, ’mid deafening cheers.

Thenceforth when a soldier forgot to salute,

Von Beers would use kindness instead of his boot.
And he lectured a laggard he’d rather have shot,
If a newspaper man chanced to be on the spot.
If a sentinel, smoking, he happened to catch,
Instead of a hiding he gave him a match.
A caress took the place of a clout on the ear,
That is, when a war correspondent was near.

He distributed photos of Godfearing Huns

Feeding babies with Beef Broth, Bananas and Buns,
And snapshots of Willie that caught his gay glance
And others depicting him weeping for France.

The fame of Von Hofbrau spread over the land,

And rich Lady nurses proposed for his hand,

And the Kaiser, All Highest, ’mid deafening tears

Pinned a cast-iron Halo on Major Von Beers.
 AN IMPERIAL SNEEZE

A Sniffle in One Act

CHARACTERS
The German Emperor ...
Others not to be mentioned in the same cast.

SCENE
A luxurious dressing room adjoining the Emperor’s Bedroom.

TIME
This morning. The Emperor is discovered standing before a Cheval
Glass. He is dressed in what is known as “Athletic Underwear,”
with plain black socks, upheld by Boston Garters.
Emperor:
It is not often that one sees
An Emperor in B. V. D.’s.
A knock is heard on the door.
Emperor:
Herein!
A high officer enters with a telegram.
A wire?