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Table of Contents
Cover
Title page
Copyright
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Certain Investigations on Different Mathematical Models in
Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Mathematical Models of Classification Algorithm of
Machine Learning
1.3 Mathematical Models and Covid-19
1.4 Conclusion
References
2 Edge Computing Optimization Using Mathematical Modeling,
Deep Learning Models, and Evolutionary Algorithms
2.1 Introduction to Edge Computing and Research
Challenges
2.2 Introduction for Computational Offloading in Edge
Computing
2.3 Mathematical Model for Offloading
2.4 QoS and Optimization in Edge Computing
2.5 Deep Learning Mathematical Models for Edge
Computing
2.6 Evolutionary Algorithm and Edge Computing
2.7 Conclusion
References
3 Mathematical Modelling of Cryptographic Approaches in Cloud
Computing Scenario
3.1 Introduction to IoT
3.2 Data Computation Process
3.3 Data Partition Process
3.4 Data Encryption Process
3.5 Results and Discussions
3.6 Overview and Conclusion
 References
4 An Exploration of Networking and Communication
Methodologies for Security and Privacy Preservation in Edge
Computing Platforms
Introduction
4.1 State-of-the-Art Edge Security and Privacy Preservation
Protocols
4.2 Authentication and Trust Management in Edge
Computing Paradigms
4.3 Key Management in Edge Computing Platforms
4.4 Secure Edge Computing in IoT Platforms
4.5 Secure Edge Computing Architectures Using Block Chain
Technologies
4.6 Machine Learning Perspectives on Edge Security
4.7 Privacy Preservation in Edge Computing
4.8 Advances of On-Device Intelligence for Secured Data
Transmission
4.9 Security and Privacy Preservation for Edge Intelligence
in Beyond 5G Networks
4.10 Providing Cyber Security Using Network and
Communication Protocols for Edge Computing Devices
4.11 Conclusion
References
5 Nature Inspired Algorithm for Placing Sensors in Structural
Health Monitoring System - Mouth Brooding Fish Approach
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Structural Health Monitoring
5.3 Machine Learning
5.4 Approaches of ML in SHM
5.5 Mouth Brooding Fish Algorithm
5.6 Case Studies On OSP Using Mouth Brooding Fish
Algorithms
5.7 Conclusions
References
6 Heat Source/Sink Effects on Convective Flow of a Newtonian
Fluid Past an Inclined Vertical Plate in Conducting Field
6.1 Introduction
 6.2 Mathematic Formulation and Physical Design
6.3 Discusion of Findings
6.4 Conclusion
References
7 Application of Fuzzy Differential Equations in Digital Images
Via Fixed Point Techniques
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Preliminaries
7.3 Applications of Fixed-Point Techniques
7.4 An Application
7.5 Conclusion
References
8 The Convergence of Novel Deep Learning Approaches in
Cybersecurity and Digital Forensics
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Digital Forensics
8.3 Biometric Analysis of Crime Scene Traces of Forensic
Investigation
8.4 Forensic Data Analytics (FDA) for Risk Management
8.5 Forensic Data Subsets and Open-Source Intelligence for
Cybersecurity
8.6 Recent Detection and Prevention Mechanisms for
Ensuring Privacy and Security in Forensic Investigation
8.7 Adversarial Deep Learning in Cybersecurity and Privacy
8.8 Efficient Control of System-Environment Interactions
Against Cyber Threats
8.9 Incident Response Applications of Digital Forensics
8.10 Deep Learning for Modeling Secure Interactions
Between Systems
8.11 Recent Advancements in Internet of Things Forensics
References
9 Mathematical Models for Computer Vision in Cardiovascular
Image Segmentation
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Cardiac Image Segmentation Using Deep Learning
9.3 Proposed Method
9.4 Algorithm Behaviors and Characteristics
 9.5 Computed Tomography Cardiovascular Data
9.6 Performance Evaluation
9.7 Conclusion
References
10 Modeling of Diabetic Retinopathy Grading Using Deep
Learning
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Related Works
10.3 Methodology
10.4 Dataset
10.5 Results and Discussion
10.6 Conclusion
References
11 Novel Deep-Learning Approaches for Future Computing
Applications and Services
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Architecture
11.3 Multiple Applications of Deep Learning
11.4 Challenges
11.5 Conclusion and Future Aspects
References
12 Effects of Radiation Absorption and Aligned Magnetic Field
on MHD Cassion Fluid Past an Inclined Vertical Porous Plate in
Porous Media
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Physical Configuration and Mathematical Formulation
12.3 Discussion of Result
12.4 Conclusion
References
13 Integrated Mathematical Modelling and Analysis of Paddy
Crop Pest Detection Framework Using Convolutional Classifiers
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Literature Survey
13.3 Proposed System Model
13.4 Paddy Pest Database Model
13.5 Implementation and Results
 13.6 Conclusion
References
14 A Novel Machine Learning Approach in Edge Analytics with
Mathematical Modeling for IoT Test Optimization
14.1 Introduction: Background and Driving Forces
14.2 Objectives
14.3 Mathematical Model for IoT Test Optimization
14.4 Introduction to Internet of Things (IoT)
14.5 IoT Analytics
14.6 Survey on IoT Testing
14.7 Optimization of End-User Application Testing in IoT
14.8 Machine Learning in Edge Analytics for IoT Testing
14.9 Proposed IoT Operations Framework Using Machine
Learning on the Edge
14.10 Expected Advantages and Challenges in Applying
Machine Learning Techniques in End-User Application
Testing on the Edge
14.11 Conclusion
References
Index
End User License Agreement

List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1 Gartner hyper cycle.
Figure 1.2 Two state Markov model.
Figure 1.3 Distribution of data points and first obtained
representative.
Figure 1.4 SVM.
Figure 1.5 Hyperplane in SVM.
Figure 1.6 Exposed, infection and recovery transmission in
SEIR model. (a) Any s...
Figure 1.7 SIR model.
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1 Edge network.
 Figure 2.2 Edge computing motivation, challenges and
opportunities.
Figure 2.3 Offloading in IoT nodes.
Figure 2.4 Offloading schemes advantages.
Figure 2.5 Computation offloading flow.
Figure 2.6 Offloading techniques.
Figure 2.7 Markov chain-based stochastic process.
Figure 2.8 Offloading in vehicular node.
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1 Integrating IoT and cloud.
Figure 3.2 Star cubing algorithm.
Figure 3.3 Dividing and recreating shares.
Figure 3.4 Encryption and decryption.
Figure 3.5 Encryption and decryption process.
Figure 3.6 Step 1 - Generation of data using Arduino UNO
board.
Figure 3.7 Step 2 - Generated data displayed.
Figure 3.8 Step 3 - Converting data into .csv file.
Figure 3.9 Step 4 - Output of Star cubing algorithm.
Figure 3.10 Step 5 - Partitioned secret shares.
Figure 3.11 Step 6 - The encrypted partitioned secret shares.
Figure 3.12 Step 7 - The encrypted shares stored in cloud.
Figure 3.13 Step 8 - The decrypted file shares.
Figure 3.14 Step 9 - The recovered original main file.
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1 Edge computing.
Figure 4.2 Pioneering edge security and privacy
preservation.
Figure 4.3 2-way trust management scheme.
Figure 4.4 Encryption mechanisms in edge computing.
Figure 4.5 Dynamic key exchange mechanism.
Figure 4.6 Identity and key management security design
 pattern.
Figure 4.7 IoT combined with edge gateways.
Figure 4.8 Edge blockchain.
Figure 4.9 Privacy preservation model.
Figure 4.10 Beyond 5G capabilities.
Figure 4.11 Anomaly based IDS.
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1 Damage detection methods [12].
Figure 5.2 (a) and (b) shows the relationship between AI, ML
and DL [10].
Figure 5.3 Taxonomy of ML [12].
Figure 5.4 Variety of ML techniques in SHM [12].
Figure 5.5 Model of shear building [13].
Figure 5.6 The discrepancy matrix [13].
Figure 5.7 Test structure [14].
Figure 5.8 ANN performance of the beam model [15].
Figure 5.9 Arrangement of sensors in beam model [16].
Figure 5.10 Methodology of Machine Learning [17].
Figure 5.11 CFRP sandwich structure and PZT distribution
[17].
Figure 5.12 Result of four test [18].
Figure 5.13 Sydney Harbour bridge [19].
Figure 5.14 Sensor arrangements and joints of Harbour
bridge [19].
Figure 5.15 Top view of bridge [20].
Figure 5.16 Observations [20].
Figure 5.17 Event tree [21].
Figure 5.18 Proposed method [22].
Figure 5.19 Data sets [23].
Figure 5.20 Test setup [25].
Figure 5.21 Arrangement of sensors in panels [26].
Figure 5.22 Similarity between system [27].
 Figure 5.23 ROC curve [28].
Figure 5.24 Damages in flange [28].
Figure 5.25 Pictures of mouth brooding fish (a) The way of
protection. (b) Left ...
Figure 5.26 Variable representation in cichlids [3].
Figure 5.27 Inspiration of MBF algorithm [29].
Figure 5.28 Application sectors of MBF system [29].
Figure 5.29 Fitness curve of IGA system [31].
Figure 5.30 Optimal domains [32].
Figure 5.31 OSP algorithm for DABC [33].
Figure 5.32 Convergence curves [1].
Figure 5.33 Reinforced concrete one-way slab [35].
Figure 5.34 Convergence curves [35].
Figure 5.35 Expression tree [36].
Figure 5.36 Comparison based on C1 and C3 parameter.
Figure 5.37 Sensor contribution and coverage.
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1 Technical problem design.
Figure 6.2 Velocity curves with several qualities of α.
Figure 6.3 Variation of “Gr” on velocity.
Figure 6.4 Velocity curves with several qualities of M.
Figure 6.5 Velocity curves with several qualities of Ko.
Figure 6.6 Impact of “Gm” on velocity.
Figure 6.7 Velocity curves with several qualities of Kr.
Figure 6.8 Velocity curves with several qualities of Sc.
Figure 6.9 Velocity curves with several qualities of S0.
Figure 6.10 Impact of “Q” on temperature.
Figure 6.11 Impact of “Pr” on temperature.
Figure 6.12 Effect of “Kr” on concentration profile.
Figure 6.13 Concentration curves with several qualities of Sc.
Figure 6.14 Concentration curves with several qualities of So.
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1 M0.
Figure 7.2 M1.
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1 Basic structure of deep learning.
Figure 8.2 Process involved in digital forensics.
Figure 8.3 Cybernetics loop.
Figure 8.4 Cybernetics relating method oriented and science
oriented services [7...
Figure 8.5 Data acquisition system in biometric identity.
Figure 8.6 Deep learning process involved in fingerprint
recognition.
Figure 8.7 Deep learning framework for forensic data
analysis.
Figure 8.8 Digital forensic data reduction.
Figure 8.9 Deep auto encoders.
Figure 8.10 Restricted Boltzmann Machine.
Figure 8.11 Federated learning architecture.
Figure 8.12 IoT factors influencing computer forensics.
Chapter 9
Figure 9.1 Structure of the heart.
Figure 9.2 Cardiac image segmentation activities with
various imaging types.
Figure 9.3 Shows 3 concentric rings, in the inner rings with a
focus sapling and...
Figure 9.4 Shows three algorithms Weak edge actions (a)
Circular scale image wit...
Figure 9.5 Memory vs Computation time.
Chapter 10
Figure 10.1 CNN architecture [16].
Figure 10.2 LSTM unit [17].
Figure 10.3 CNN-LSTM model used to classify DR.
Figure 10.4 Hybrid CNN-LSTM architecture.
 Figure 10.5 Metrics of CNN-LSTM model.
Chapter 11
Figure 11.1 Machine learning vs. deep learning.
Figure 11.2 Block diagram of auto encoder.
Figure 11.3 Architecture of convolution neural network.
Figure 11.4 Various applications of deep learning.
Figure 11.5 Different big data parameters.
Figure 11.6 Machine learning in healthcare.
Chapter 12
Figure 12.1 Concern physical configuration [1].
Figure 12.2 Velocity outline for several Nemours of β. R=0.5,
γ = α π/6, Pr=0.71...
Figure 12.3 Velocity outline for several Nemours of α. R=0.5,
β=5, γ = π/6, Pr=0...
Figure 12.4 Velocity outlines for several Nemours of γ.
R=0.5, α = π/6, β=5, Sc=...
Figure 12.5 Velocity outline for several Nemours of Gr.
R=0.5, Pr=0.71, Ko=1, γ=...
Figure 12.6 Velocity outline for several Nemours of Gm.
R=0.5, M=1, Sc=0.6, Pr=0...
Figure 12.7 Velocity outline for several Nemours of M.
R=0.5, Sc=0.6, Pr=0.71, K...
Figure 12.8 Velocity outline for several Nemours of Ko.
R=0.5, M=1, Sc=0.6, Pr=0...
Figure 12.9 Temperature outline for several Nemours of Q.
R=0.5, M=1, Sc=0.6, Pr...
Figure 12.10 Temperature outline for several Nemours of Pr.
R=0.5, M=1, Sc=0.6, ...
Figure 12.11 Temperature outline for several Nemours of R.,
Q=0.5, M=1, Sc=0.6, ...
Figure 12.12 Concentration outline for several Nemours of
Kr.
Figure 12.13 Concentration outline for several Nemours of
Sc.
Chapter 13
 Figure 13.1 Paddy disease detection framework.
Figure 13.2 RGB color image of Gall midge in paddy crop.
Figure 13.3 Pre-processing of Gall midge insect.
Figure 13.4 Deep CNN model.
Figure 13.5 Deep CNN image denoising.
Figure 13.6 Gray scale orientation.
Figure 13.7 Histogram of inclination.
Figure 13.8 Pest spot identification.
Figure 13.9 (a) Input image; (b) Filtered image; (c) Boundary
detection; (d) Rem...
Figure 13.10 Accuracy performance analysis.
Chapter 14
Figure 14.1 Proposed framework using machine learning on
the edge.
Figure 14.2 Comparison of number of test cases.
Figure 14.3 Comparison of testing time.

List of Tables
Chapter 1
Table 1.1 Accuracy of classifiers.
Chapter 2
Table 2.1 Existing studies using deep learning in edge.
Chapter 4
Table 4.1 Protocols and its features.
Chapter 8
Table 8.1 Performance of biometric in forensic investigation.
Table 8.2 List of datasets for various biometric identity.
Chapter 9
Table 9.1 Acronym used in the chapter.
Table 9.2 Comparison of algorithms.
Chapter 10
Table 10.1 Data type for attributes of dataset.
 Table 10.2 Statistical description of dataset.
Table 10.3 Correlation between attributes in dataset.
Table 10.4 Dataset sample.
Table 10.5 Comparison of the evaluation results.
Chapter 11
Table 11.1 Different architecture of deeper learning and its
applications.
Chapter 12
Table 12.1 Skin friction (τ).
Table 12.2 Nusselt numeral (Nu).
Table 12.3 Sherwood numeral (Sh).
Chapter 13
Table 13.1 Sensors and their methodologies.
Table 13.2 Pest of rice – sample dataset.
Table 13.3 Gall midge – GLCM features.
Table 13.4 Classification accuracy for paddy insect with SIFT
features.
Chapter 14
Table 14.1 Test cases generated for each of the scenarios.
Table 14.2 Comparison of end-user application testing at the
edge with ML and ot...
Scrivener Publishing
100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J
Beverly, MA 01915-6106
Modern Mathematics in Computer Science
Series Editors: Hanaa Hachimi, PhD, G. Suseendran, PhD,
and Noor Zaman, PhD
Scope: The idea of a series of books on modern math methods used
in computer science was conceived to address the great demand for
information about today’s emerging computer science technologies.
Modern math methods, including algorithms, encryptions, security,
communication, machine learning, artificial intelligence and other
math-based advanced concepts, form the backbone of these
technologies and are crucial to them. Modern math plays a vital role
in computing technologies by enhancing communication, computing,
and extending security through different encryption algorithms. The
ever-increasing demand for data storage capacity, from gigabytes to
petabytes and higher, has higher requirements that need to be met.
Modern math can match those requirements.
Empirical studies, theoretical and numerical analysis, and novel
research findings are included in this series. The information
highlighted in this series encourages cross-fertilization of ideas
concerning the application of modern math methods in computer
science.
Publishers at Scrivener
Martin Scrivener (martin@scrivenerpublishing.com)
Phillip Carmical (pcarmical@scrivenerpublishing.com)
Simulation and Analysis of
Mathematical Methods in Real-
Time Engineering Applications
Edited by

T. Ananth Kumar,

E. Golden Julie,

Y. Harold Robinson,
and

S. M. Jaisakthi
Exploring the Variety of Random
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Bridges, 6
Channels, 15
Engine bolt, 15
Galvanized sheet, 15
Hammered, 15
Norway, 15
Planished, 15
Russia, 15
Sheet No. 14, and lighter, 15
Sheet No. 13, and heavier, 16
Staybolt, 15
Stove pipe, 15
Swedish, 15
Split pulleys, 31
Tennessee, 15
 Washers, 11
Wire, 45
Irons:
Brake staff carrier, 18
Draft timber carrier, 18
Packing, 36
Soldering, 45

J.
Jacket iron, 15
Jacket steel, 15
Jack bars, iron, 45
Jack levers:
Iron, 36
Wood, 36
Jacks:
Bridge, 45
Caboose, 36
Car repairers, 45
Screw, 45
Shop tool, 45
Smoke, for roundhouse, 3
Stove, 36
Switchboard, telegraph, 2B
Track, 1C
Track, repairs, 1C
Jars, battery, 2A, 2B, 26, 49
Jaws:
Brake, 18
Connection rod, interlock, 2A
Lathe, 31
Transmission bar, 17
Wrench, 45
Joints:
 Ball, flexible pipe, 23
Expansion pipe, 43
Insulated, 2A
Rail, except insulated, 1B
Moran, 23
Journal bearings, all kinds, 21
Journal boxes, 20
Journal, lubricators, driving box, 19
Jugs, 36

K.
Keepers, door:
Building, 45
Coach, 24
Kegs, water, 36
Kettle ears, 45
Key bolts, 11
Key blanks, 45
Keys:
Brake shoe, 18
Building lock, 45
Center pin, 18
Coach lock, 24
Hanger pin, 18
Ratchet wheel, 18
Split, 45
Tail pin, 18
Kitchenware:
Dining car, 41
Camp, 36
Knives:
Drawing, 45
Packing, 36
 Planer, 31
Plaster, 45
Putty, 47
Table, for camps, 36
Table, for dining cars, 41
Knobs, door:
Building, 45
Coach, 24
Knobs, porcelain electric, 25, 26, 44
Knuckle joint pins, 17
Knuckle pin nuts, 11
Knuckle pins, coupler, 18
Knuckle locks, 20
Knuckles, coupler, 20

L.
Lace, 24
Lacing, metallic belt, 45
Lacing rawhide, 46
Ladders:
For building work, 36
Coach step, 36
Interlocking, 2A
Ladles, melting, 45
Lag screws, 11
Lagging:
Boiler, 46
Pump, 46
Lampblack, 47
Lamp boards, 36
Lamp collars, 36
Lamp fillers, 36
Lamp founts, 36
Lamp guards, 44
Lamp holders, 36
Lamp reflectors, 36
Lamp shades:
Paper, 36
Electric, 25, 26, 44
Lamp tops, 36
Lamp trimmers, 36
Lamps:
Coach, gas, 24
Incandescent, 25, 26, 44
Oil, 36
Lantern globes, 36
Lantern reflectors, 36
Lantern rings, 36
Lanterns, 36
Lard oil, 37
Latches:
Door, building, 45
Door, coach, 24
Interlocking, 2A
Lathes, 31
Lathe chucks, 31
Lavatories for passenger cars, 24
Lawn mowers, 36
Lawn rollers, 36
Lawn sprinklers, 36
Leach sanders, 23
Leach sanders repair parts, 23
Lead:
Pig, 14
Pipe, 42
Red, 47
Sheet, 15
White, 47
Leather:
Harness, 46
Sole, 46
Bell ringer, 23
Legs, settee, 36
Lenses, 36
Letter files, 48
Letter paper, 48
Letter presses, 36
Letters:
Pattern, 45
Steel, 45
Level boards, 1C
Level glasses, 45
Levelers, ballast and parts, 9C
Levels, track, 1C
Lever fulcrums:
Brake, 18
Dead, 18
Levers:
Brake, 18
Cylinder, 18
Cut for cars, 18
 Floating, 18
Interlocking, 2A
Reverse, 17
Throttle, 17
Truck, 18
Uncoupling, 18
Lids, oil-box, 20
Lifeboats, 35
Life preservers, 35
Lifts:
Sash, building, 45
Sash, coach, 24
Lightning arresters, 2A–2B
Lighters, match, 24
Lights, wells and parts, 23
Lime:
Chloride of, 36
Common, 3
Limit signs, 4
Linen, 24
Linen oil sheets, 48
Lines, ditching, 46
Lines:
Mason, 45
Tape, 45
Lining bars, 1C
Lining, building, 4
Lining, car, 30
Lining, flue, 3
Lining paper, 3
Links, fuse, electric, 44
Link hangers, 17
Links:
Interlocking, 2A
Motion, 17
Open, 18
Switch rope, 36
Uncoupling rod, 18
Linoleum, 24
Locks:
Building, 45
Coach, 24
Coupler, 20
Lock escutcheons:
Building, 45
Coach, 24
Locks, hand-car, 45
Lock nuts for cars, 11
Locks:
Nut, pipe, 43
Nut, track, 1B
Pad, 45
Signal, 2A
Lockers, sectional shop, 36
Locomotive castings:
Gray iron, 19
Brass, 21
Steel, 19
Malleable, 19
Locomotive forgings, 17
Locomotive springs, 12
Locust lumber, 30
Loom, circular, 44
Low-speed signals:
Electric, 36
Temporary, 2A
Lubricators, driving box and parts, 19
Lubricator glasses, 23
Lubricators:
Locomotive and parts, 23
Pumps and stationary engines, 9A
Shafting, 23
Lubricating oils, 37
Lugs:
Draft, 20
Dial for switches, 1A
Transit for switches, 1A
Lug straps for cars, 18
Lumber:
Bridge and building, 4
Car and engine, 30
Crayon, 48
Grain door, 30
Lump chalk, 36
Lye, 36

M.
Machine auger bitts, 45
Machine bolts, 11
Machine oils:
Sewing, 24
Shops, 37
Machine nut taps, 45
Machine screws, 45
Machine steel, 15
Machines:
Die grinding, 31
Forging and parts, 31
Hand pipe cutting, 45
Interlocking, 2A
Iron planer, 31
Mortising and parts, 31
Punch and shear, 31
Saw filing and parts, 31
Sewing and parts, 31
Wood planer, 31
Woodworking and parts, 31
Machinery:
Coal-handling, and parts, 9B
Conveyor, 9B
For interlocking plants, 2A
Grain-handling, and parts, 9B
Ore-handling, and parts, 9B
Shop and repair parts, 31
Water station, 9A
Machinist’s chisels, 45
Machinist’s hammers, 45
Machinist’s hand taps, 45
Machinist’s vises, 45
Magnesia boiler lagging, 46
Magnets:
Indicator for signals, 2A
For electric signals, 2A
Lifting, 31
Mahogany lumber, 30
Mail-car rubbers, 24
Mail carts, 36
Mail catchers, 30
Mail-car cinder guards, 24
Mail cranes, 30
Main rods, 17
Main rod bolts, 11
Mallets, wooden, 36
Malleable-iron castings:
Car, 20
Locomotive, 19
Shop work, 19
Miscellaneous, 19
Manganese, black oxide, 47
Manila rope, 46
Manson tape, 44
Mantles:
Coach, gas, 24
Welsbach gas, 36
Manure forks, 36
Maple lumber for buildings, 4
Maple lumber for cars, 30
Marlin, 46
Mason’s hammers, 1C
Mason’s trowels, 45
Mats, aisle, 24
Master taps, 45
Matches, 36
Match lighters, 24
Match scratchers, 24
Mats, rubber, 24
Material being manufactured on shop orders, 34
Material for electric block signals, 2A
Material for electric headlight, 25
Material for interlocking plants, 2A
Material for pintsch gas, 24
Material signal and interlocking, 2A
Matting, corrugated, 24
Mattocks, 1C
Mattresses:
Caboose, 36
Iron bed, 36
Mauls:
Spike, 1C
Spike, handles, 36
Post, wood face, 1C
Post, 1C
Measures:
Liquid, 36
Tape, 45
Meats, fresh, salted, and canned, 41
Mechanical fixtures, interlocking and signal, 2A
Medical boxes, 47
Medical supplies, 47
Metal, babbitt, 14
Metal substructures for bridges, 6
Metal-workers’ crayon, 45
Metallic packing, 46
Metal, expanded, 3
Metals, soft, 14
Meters, water, 9A
Mica, electric, 44
Millboard, asbestos, 46
Mills, wind, and parts, 9A
Milk, 41
Mileposts, 4
Mince meat, 41
Mineral seal oil, 37
Mirrors, 47
Mixers, concrete, 9C
Molasses, 41
Molasses gates, 43
Money drawers, 36
Monkey wrenches, 45
Mops, 36
Moran joints, 23
Mosquito netting, 24
Moss, 24
Motor inspection cars, 1C
Motion links, 17
Motors, turntable, and parts, 31
Molders flour, 47
Moldings, wood, 4
Mounted wheels, locomotive and car, 29
Movers, car, 36
Mowers, lawn, 36
Mud taps, 45
Muffler pop regulators, 23
Muriatic acid, 47
Muslin, 24

N.
Nails:
Antique, 24
Black carriage, 24
Plush, 24
Upholstering, 24
Wire and cut, 45
Nail pullers, 45
Napping hammers, 1C
Needles, 24
Netting, wire, all kinds, 15
Nipples:
Air hose, 46
Pipe, 43
Pipe, for cast-iron pipe, 3
Radiator, 43
Steam hose, 46
Soldering, 43
Nitric acid, 47
Norway bar iron, 15
Nozzles, brass, hose, 43
Number plates, interlocking, 2A
Nut locks:
Car, 11
Nuts:
Track, 1B
 Blank, 11
Castle, 11
Crank pin, 11
Hexagon, 11
Knuckle pin, 11
Lock, pipe, 43
Piston rod, 11
Special, for switch clip bolts, 1A
Square, 11
Tapped, 11

O.
Oak crossing plank, 4
Oak lumber for cars and locomotives, 30
Oak ties:
Cross, 5B
Switch, 5A
Oakum, 46
Oatmeal, 41
Office chairs, 36
Office furniture, 36
Office stools, 36
Oil barrels, 37
Oil boxes, 20
Oil box lids, 20
Oil box springs, 20
Oil cans, 36
Oilcloth, 24
Oil gates, 43
Oil pumps, 36
Oil:
Creosote, 10
Illuminating, 37
Lubricating, 37
Pneumatic hammer, 37
Sewing-machine, 24
Oilers, 36
Olives, 41
Open links, 18
Orange-peel dredges and parts, 9C
Ordinary tool steel, 15
Ore-handling machinery and parts, 9B
Oxalic acid, 47
Oxygen, 47
Oysters, 41

P.
Packing, 46
Packing:
Air pump, 46
Asbestos, 46
Daniels, 46
Duck, 46
Empire, 46
Flax, 46
Garlock, 46
Knives, 36
Imperial, 46
Jenkins sheet, 46
Kearsarge, 46
Hooks, 36
Metallic piston, 46
Piston rod, 46
 Rainbow, 46
Rings, cylinder, 19
Rubber, 46
Throttle, 46
Valve stem, 46
Padlocks, 45
Pads, rubber, mail cars, 24
Pails:
Dope, 36
Fiber, 36
Galvanized, 36
Rubber, 36
Tin, 36
Wooden, 36
Paints, colors, etc., 47
Paint brushes, 47
Pans:
Drip, 36
Dust, 36
Hektograph, 48
Pantasote, 24
Pantry ware, 41
Paper:
All kinds, stationery, 48
Blank, 48
Blotting, 48
Carbon, 48
Emery, 47
Fasteners, 48
Files, 48
Lining, 3
Roofs, car, 3
Roofing, 3
Sand, 47
Tarred, 3
 Toilet, 36
Weights, 48
Wrapping, 48
Parts for baker heater, 24
Parts for bunk car stoves, 36
Parts for caboose stove, 36
Parts for injectors, locomotive, 23
Parts for injectors, stationary plants, 9A
Parts for inspirators, locomotive, 23
Parts for lubricators, 23
Parts for inspirators, stationary plants, 9A
Parts for lubricators, stationary plants, 9A
Parts for pneumatic tools, 45
Parts for sand dryer, 19
Parts for station stoves, 36
Passenger-car buffer springs, 12
Passenger-car castings:
Gray iron, 20
Brass, 21
Mall, 20
Steel, 20
Passenger-car seat springs, 24
Passenger-car door, 24
Passenger-car forgings, 18
Passenger-car lamp parts, electric, 26
Passenger-car lamp parts, gas, 24
Passenger-car trimmings, 24
Paste, pipe covering, 46
Patch bolts, 11
Patch bolt taps, 45
Paving blocks, 3
Paving brick, 3
Paving stone, 3
Pearline, 36
Peavies, 1C
Pedestals, car, coach, 20
Pegamoide, curtain cloth, 24
Pencils:
Lead, 48
Slate, 45
Soapstone, 45
Penholders, 48
Penracks, 48
Pens, writing, 48
Pepper, 41
Perforated sheet brass, 15
Perforated sheet copper, 15
Perforated sheet tin, 15
Pet cocks, 43
Picks:
Clay, 1C
Coal, 36
Ice, 36
Tamping, 1C
Mattocks, 1C
Pig iron, 28
Pig copper, 14
Pig lead, 14