CSS combinators, pseudo-class and

pseudo-element

All CSS Combinator Selectors

element element div p Selects all <p> elements inside <div> elements

element>element div > p Selects all <p> elements where the parent is a <div> element

Selects the first <p> element that are placed immediately after <div>
element+element div + p
elements

element1~element2 p ~ ul Selects every <ul> element that are preceded by a <p> element

All CSS Pseudo Elements

::after p::after Insert content after every <p> element

::before p::before Insert content before every <p> element

::first-letter p::first-letter Selects the first letter of every <p> element

::first-line p::first-line Selects the first line of every <p> element

::selection p::selection Selects the portion of an element that is selected by a user

Selector Example Example description

:active a:active Selects the active link

:checked input:checked Selects every checked <input> element

:disabled input:disabled Selects every disabled <input> element

:empty p:empty Selects every <p> element that has no children

:enabled input:enabled Selects every enabled <input> element

:first-child p:first-child Selects every <p> elements that is the first child of its parent

:first-of-type p:first-of-type Selects every <p> element that is the first <p> element of its parent

:focus input:focus Selects the <input> element that has focus

:hover a:hover Selects links on mouse over

:in-range input:in-range Selects <input> elements with a value within a specified range

:invalid input:invalid Selects all <input> elements with an invalid value

:lang(language) p:lang(it) Selects every <p> element with a lang attribute value starting with "it"

:last-child p:last-child Selects every <p> elements that is the last child of its parent

:last-of-type p:last-of-type Selects every <p> element that is the last <p> element of its parent

:link a:link Selects all unvisited links

:not(selector) :not(p) Selects every element that is not a <p> element

:nth-child(n) p:nth-child(2) Selects every <p> element that is the second child of its parent

Selects every <p> element that is the second child of its parent,
:nth-last-child(n) p:nth-last-child(2) counting from the last child
 Selects every <p> element that is the second <p> element of its parent,
:nth-last-of-type(n) p:nth-last-of-type(2) counting from the last child

:nth-of-type(n) p:nth-of-type(2) Selects every <p> element that is the second <p> element of its parent

:only-of-type p:only-of-type Selects every <p> element that is the only <p> element of its parent

:only-child p:only-child Selects every <p> element that is the only child of its parent

:optional input:optional Selects <input> elements with no "required" attribute

:out-of-range input:out-of-range Selects <input> elements with a value outside a specified range

:read-only input:read-only Selects <input> elements with a "readonly" attribute specified

:read-write input:read-write Selects <input> elements with no "readonly" attribute

:required input:required Selects <input> elements with a "required" attribute specified

:root root Selects the document's root element

Selects the current active #news element (clicked on a URL containing

:valid input:valid Selects all <input> elements with a valid value

:visited a:visited Selects all visited links

Reference :

https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_combinators.asp

https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_pseudo_elements.asp

https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_pseudo_classes.asp