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Names: Anderson, Julie, 1947- author. | Anderson, Jon. Python programming in
context.
Title: Python programming in context / Julie Anderson, Jon Anderson.
Description: Fourth edition. | Burlington, Massachusetts : Jones & Bartlett
Learning, [2025] | Includes index. |
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Brief Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Python
CHAPTER 2 Playing by the Rules
CHAPTER 3 Codes and Other Secrets
CHAPTER 4 Introducing the Python Collections
CHAPTER 5 Bigger Data: File I/O
CHAPTER 6 Image Processing
CHAPTER 7 Data Mining: Cluster Analysis
CHAPTER 8 Cryptanalysis
CHAPTER 9 Fractals: The Geometry of Nature
CHAPTER 10 Planet Objects
CHAPTER 11 Simulation
CHAPTER 12 A Hierarchy of Shapes
CHAPTER 13 Interactive Games
Appendix A: Installing the Required Software
Appendix B: Python Quick Reference
Appendix C: turtle Reference
Appendix D: Answers to Selected Try It Out Exercises
Glossary
Index
© Yuri Hoyda/Shutterstock.
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Python
1.1 Objectives
1.2 What Is Computer Science?
1.3 Why Study Computer Science?
1.3.1 Everyday Applications of Computer Science
1.3.2 Why Computer Science Is Important
1.4 Problem-Solving Strategies
1.5 Python Overview
1.5.1 Primitive Elements
1.5.2 Naming Objects
1.5.3 Abstraction
1.5.4 Repetition
1.6 Summary
Key Terms
Programming Exercises
CHAPTER 2 Playing by the Rules
2.1 Objectives
2.2 The Chatbot
2.3 The String Data Type
2.4 Making Decisions
2.4.1 Boolean Expressions
2.4.2 Compound Boolean Expressions and Logical Operators
2.4.3 Selection Statements
2.5 Implementing the Chatbot
2.6 Playing Games
2.6.1 Guess a Number
2.6.2 The while Loop
2.6.3 Printing Numbers in Strings
2.6.4 Asking for Input
2.7 Completing Guess a Number
2.8 Validating User Input
2.9 Counting the Guesses
2.9.1 The Accumulator Pattern
2.10 The Game of Nim
2.10.1 Random Numbers
2.10.2 Returning a Value from a Function
2.11 Summary
Key Terms
Programming Exercises
CHAPTER 3 Codes and Other Secrets
3.1 Objectives
3.2 The String Data Type
3.2.1 Repetition
3.2.2 Indexing
3.2.3 String Slicing
3.2.4 String Searching
3.2.5 String Methods
3.2.6 Character Functions
3.3 Encrypting and Decrypting Messages
3.4 Transposition Cipher
3.4.1 Encrypting Using Transposition
3.4.2 Decrypting a Transposed Message
3.5 Substitution Cipher
3.6 Creating a Key
3.7 The Vigenère Cipher
3.8 Summary
Key Terms
Programming Exercises
CHAPTER 4 Introducing the Python Collections
4.1 Objectives
4.2 What Is Data?
4.3 Storing Data for Processing
4.3.1 Strings Revisited
4.3.2 Lists
4.4 Calculating Statistics on Data
4.4.1 Simple Dispersion
4.5 Central Tendency
4.5.1 Mean
4.5.2 Median
4.5.3 Mode
4.6 Frequency Distribution
4.6.1 Using a Dictionary to Compute a Frequency Table
4.6.2 Computing a Frequency Table Without a Dictionary
4.6.3 Visualizing a Frequency Distribution
4.7 Dispersion: Standard Deviation
4.8 Summary
Key Terms
Programming Exercises
CHAPTER 5 Bigger Data: File I/O
5.1 Objectives
5.2 Using Files for Large Data Sets
5.2.1 Text Files
5.2.2 Iterating over Lines in a File
5.2.3 Writing a File
5.2.4 String Formatting
5.2.5 Alternative File-Reading Methods
5.3 Reading Data from the Internet
5.3.1 Using CSV Files
5.3.2 Using a while Loop to Read a File
5.3.3 List Comprehension
5.4 Reading and Manipulating Data with pandas
5.4.1 pandas Data Structures
5.4.2 Reading CSV Data with pandas
5.4.3 Data Manipulation with pandas
5.5 Reading JSON Data from the Internet
5.6 Correlating Data
5.7 Summary
Key Terms
Programming Exercise
CHAPTER 6 Image Processing
6.1 Objectives
6.2 What Is Digital Image Processing?
6.2.1 The RGB Color Model
6.2.2 The cImage Module
6.3 Basic Image Processing
6.3.1 Negative Images
6.3.2 Grayscale
6.3.3 A General Solution: The Pixel Mapper
6.4 Parameters, Parameter Passing, and Scope
6.4.1 Call by Assignment Parameter Passing
6.4.2 Namespaces
6.4.3 Calling Functions and Finding Names
6.4.4 Modules and Namespaces
6.5 Advanced Image Processing
6.5.1 Resizing
6.5.2 Stretching: A Different Perspective
6.5.3 Flipping an Image
6.5.4 Edge Detection
6.6 Summary
Key Terms
Programming Exercises
CHAPTER 7 Data Mining: Cluster Analysis
7.1 Objectives
7.2 What Is Data Mining?
7.3 Cluster Analysis: A Simple Example
7.4 Implementing Cluster Analysis on Simple Data
7.4.1 Distance Between Two Points
7.4.2 Clusters and Centroids
7.4.3 The K-Means Cluster Analysis Algorithm
7.4.4 Implementation of K-Means
7.4.5 Implementation of K-Means, Continued
7.5 Implementing Cluster Analysis: Earthquakes
7.5.1 File Processing
7.5.2 Visualization
7.6 Cluster Analysis Shortcomings and Solutions
7.7 Summary
Key Terms
Programming Exercises
CHAPTER 8 Cryptanalysis
8.1 Objectives
8.2 Introduction
8.3 Cracking the Rail Fence
8.3.1 Checking Our Work with a Dictionary
8.3.2 A Brute-Force Solution
8.3.3 A Rail Fence Decryption Algorithm
8.4 Cracking the Substitution Cipher
8.4.1 Letter Frequency
8.4.2 Ciphertext Frequency Analysis
8.4.3 Letter Pair Analysis
8.4.4 Word Frequency Analysis
8.4.5 Pattern Matching with Partial Words
8.4.6 Regular Expression Summary
8.5 Summary
Key Terms
Programming Exercises
CHAPTER 9 Fractals: The Geometry of Nature
9.1 Objectives
9.2 Introduction
9.3 Recursive Programs
9.3.1 Recursive Squares
9.3.2 Classic Recursive Functions
9.3.3 Drawing a Recursive Tree
9.3.4 The Sierpinski Triangle
9.3.5 Call Tree for a Sierpinski Triangle
9.4 Snowflakes, Lindenmayer, and Grammars
9.4.1 L-Systems and the match Statement
9.4.2 Automatically Expanding Production Rules
9.4.3 More Advanced L-Systems
9.5 Summary
Key Terms
Programming Exercises
CHAPTER 10 Planet Objects
10.1 Objectives
10.2 Introduction
10.2.1 Focusing on Data
10.2.2 Object-Oriented Programming
10.2.3 Python Classes
10.3 Designing and Implementing a Planet Class
10.3.1 Constructor Method
10.3.2 Accessor Methods
10.3.3 Mutator Methods
10.3.4 Special Methods
10.3.5 Methods and self
10.3.6 Details of Method Storage and Lookup
10.4 Designing and Implementing a Sun Class
10.5 Designing and Implementing a Solar System
10.6 Animating the Solar System
10.6.1 Using Turtles
10.6.2 Planetary Orbits
10.6.3 Implementing the Simulation
10.7 Summary
Key Terms
Programming Exercises
CHAPTER 11 Simulation
11.1 Objectives
11.2 Bears and Fish
11.3 What Is a Simulation?
11.4 Rules of the Game
11.5 Design
11.6 Implementation
11.6.1 The World Class
11.6.2 The Fish Class
11.6.3 The Bear Class
11.6.4 Main Simulation
11.7 Growing Plants
11.8 A Note on Inheritance
11.9 Summary
Key Terms
Programming Exercises
CHAPTER 12 A Hierarchy of Shapes
12.1 Objectives
12.2 Introduction
12.3 First Design
12.4 Basic Implementation
12.4.1 The Canvas Class
12.4.2 The GeometricObject Class
12.4.3 The Point Class
12.4.4 The Line Class
12.4.5 Testing Our Implementation
12.5 Understanding Inheritance
12.6 Limitations
12.7 An Improved Implementation
12.8 Implementing Polygons
12.9 Summary
Key Terms
Programming Exercises
CHAPTER 13 Interactive Games
13.1 Objectives
13.2 Introduction
13.2.1 Event-Driven Programming
13.2.2 Simulating an Event Loop
13.2.3 A Multithreaded Event Loop
13.3 Event-Driven Programming with the Turtle
13.3.1 A Simple Drawing Using Key Presses
13.3.2 Placing Turtles Using Mouse Clicks
13.3.3 Bouncing Turtles
13.4 Creating Your Own Video Game
13.4.1 The LaserCannon Class
13.4.2 The BoundedTurtle Class
13.4.3 The Drone Class
13.4.4 The Bomb Class
13.4.5 Putting All the Pieces Together
13.5 Summary
Key Terms
Programming Exercises
Appendix A: Installing the Required Software
Appendix B: Python Quick Reference
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
Bridge." In 1836, a bridge was built over the High Falls, and in 1842,
and 1849, it was rebuilt a little above by the town. It has since been
assumed and is now maintained by the State, having been recently
rebuilt and the timbers protected by sidings. The settlement of the
town was for many years limited to the western border, and it was
not until the lumbenng and tanning industries were established in
recent years, that it began to fill up with settlers. These, in fact, still
constitute the principal wealth of the town. They may be described
in the order of their occurrence, as we ascend the Moose river, as
follows : — The Lumber Establishment of G. H. P. Gould. We have
already alluded to some of the industries of this town. They may be
noticed historically as follows : — In 1848, Henry S. Shedd and
Marshall Shedd, Jr., began the erection of a gang saw-mill upon the
lower falls on Moose river, about a mile from its mouth, and near the
head of navigation from the canal. The stream there has a descent
of about 45 feet. Their mill had a gang of 32 saws, and was run by
them till 1865-66, when it was sold to Newton Northam and Emory
Allen. It
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF LYONSDALE. 431 afterwards
passed into the hands of Lyman Howard Lyon, and of Ward &
McVickar, who run it for some time. It was afterwards in the hands
of Isaac Norcross of Boston, and Charles V. Gregg of Newark, New
Jersey, but they did not carry on an extensive business from want of
a supply of logs. In 1874, Lyon & Gould acquired the property, the
Lyon name being represented by members of the family, (the
daughters, Mrs. Julia DeCamp, Mrs. Mary Fisher and Mrs. Florence
Merriam), and after being run two years, G. Henry P. Gould, of this
firm, acquired their interests, by leasing the real estate, and has
since run the business alone. It consists at the present time, of a
lumber mill, chiefly using pine, spruce and hemlock, and machinery
for the manufacture of broom-handles,* lath and paper pulp, with a
planer and matcher for making flooring and other stuff. The pulp-mill
is supplied from the slabs and edgings of the saw-mill, and uses the
Outterson & Taylor Patent. It runs upon spruce only, the bark and
knots being taken out. By this process the wood is first sawn into
lengths of about a quarter of an inch, and then passed twice
between iron rollers for crushing down the grain. It then passes
through a conical machine in which the inside of the cone, and the
outside of the revolving part within, that nearly fills the space, are
furnished with points for tearing apart the fibers of the wood. It is
then ground between stones with water, something as grain is
ground in a common mill, and finally, the pulp is taken out of the
water by a paper machine, and delivered in market in sheets, tied in
bundles, of one hundred pounds each. It is sent off still damp, and
in this condition contains but about * These are made only out of
the waste lumber. About five car loads a year are sent off, each
having from 36,000 to 40,000 pieces. They are sold in Amsterdam
and Schenectady. At steady work, about 1,200 are made in a day. 40
per cent, of dry pulp. The yield is about 1,400 pounds of dry pulp to
a cord. The saw-dust goes in with the pulp to some extent but is
found not to improve its quality. At present there are .four run of
stone in the pulp-mill. Pulp Mill of the Herkimer Paper Co.,
{Limited}^ — This establishment was started about 1869 by Miller &
Churchill, and has been running under its present name since 1875.
It uses the mechanical process patented by Volter, and has now
eight stones with a capacity of grinding sixteen tons of wet pulp in a
day and night. Of this product about 40 per cent, would be dry
pulp,^ — the rest being water. It has three cylinder machines, and
uses spruce and poplar wood. The mill employs about thirty men in
summer and twice that number in winter, and runs day and night
through the year, excepting Sundays. There were formerly thirteen
stones, but with present improvements more work is now done with
eight than was formerly done with thirteen. By this process the
wood cut in lengths equal to the breadth of edge of the grinding
stone, is pressed down by screw pressure upon the stone that is
running with great force and speed, with a stream of water fed upon
it. The wood is in some cases first steamed, and in other cases
boiled before grinding. The product is a stronger but darker pulp.
Experiments have been made with pine, hemlock and other woods.
The pine makes a smooth, strong pulp; hemlock a dark colored kind
; balsam dark, and hard to work without steaming,and basswood a
brittle quality. The pulp is sent off from day to day, chiefly to
Herkimer, where it is mixed with rag pulp and made into paper. Shue
Brothers Paper Mill. — The next establishment as we ascend Moose
river is the paper mill of Shue Brothers, making news and manilla
paper, and certain
432 HISTORY OF LEWIS COUNTY. grades of wrapping
paper. Some straw is used at this mill, the remainder being rag
stock. Joel W. Agers Paper Mill. — Above this, and a short distance
below Lyonsdale is a mill at which Joel W. Ager has for many years
manufactured printing and wrapping paper, and some manilla, using
chiefly rags as stock. It was commenced in 1848, by Ager & Lane,
and has been run under various partnerships continuously since. At
present we believe the partnership is Ager & Mosher. They employ
some three or four hands. Outterson Brothers' Pulp Mill. — At
Lyonsdale, and on the site of the former grist mill, there was built in
1881, a mill for grinding wood pulp by the Outterson Brothers,*
using the Outterson & Taylor Patent, and in general following the
method described for Gould's establishment, excepting that the
wood is sliced across the grain instead of being sawed. The works
are still new, and not perhaps under full operation. In the building
erected for a gristmill at this place, Eugene B. Woolworth and the
Willard Brothers, from Lowville, had for some years a manufactory of
stocking-yarn, which was burned. The establishment went under the
name of "E. B. Woolworth & Co.," and we understand the business is
still carried on at Oriskany Falls, Oneida county. Saw Mills above
Lyonsdale. — James Hyland and Henry Brown are owners of saw
mills upon Moose river, using circular saws. Moose River Tanneries.
— In 1866, Lyon & Snyder, (L. R. Lyon, H. D. H. Snyder, Jr., and
Augustus B. Snyder,) began the erection of a tannery, upon the
Moose river, upon Township i, of Brown's tract, and about a mile
west of the county line. The firm was dissolved in 1871, and the
tannery was run in xZ-jz-jx, *Andrew Outterson, Jr., and F. E.
Outterson, from Pulaski, and Jas. T. Outterson, from Sandy Hill.
under a lease by Todd & Kennedy. It was then sold to Chester J.
Lyon and Henry J. and George M. Botchford, who run it under the
firm of C. J. Lyon & Co., till 1874. It was. then bought by H. J.
Botchford & Co., (the firm consisting of Charles W. Hersey of Boston,
and the two Botchfords,) until the death of Henry J. Botchford in the
spring of 1882. It has, we believe, about 200 vats. A new tannery
was built in i879-'8o, about a hundred rods further up the river, with
150 vats. Both of these tanneries are now in the hands of Hersey &
Co., the Company consisting of Charles W. Hersey and W. F. Wyman,
both of Boston. This completes the Moose river industries, as they
existed in August, 1882. Some attention has been given to the
project of a "Silver Mine" in this town, of which we have no
information beyond the fact that it is known as the "Fall Brook
Mining Company," on the town assessment roll, paying taxes upon
the lots, of 543 acres in all, and upon $600 of property. The town is
wholly underlaid by primitive rock, of gneiss by so called, which
whenever it is exposed, consists of a series of highly inclined and
often contorted strata, of quartz hornblende and feldspar, with
occasional particles of magnetic iron ore, the latter being separated
by disintegration and assorted by washing, forms lines of black sand
in the margins of the streams. It is not improbable that small
deposits of bog iron ore may occur in the swamps, but no deposits
of this mineral have been hitherto worked east of the river, south of
Watson. The soil of this town is, in most parts, a light sandy loam.
Many years since, Dr. Simeon Goodell undertook to dig a well in
coarse gravel, alternating with hard fine sand. The latter often
indicated water, but failed to afford it in quan
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF LYONSDALE. 433 tities, and
the shaft was sunk ii6 feet before reaching a full supply. A neighbor,
the next year, in digging a post hole, found durable water ; and a
well twelve feet deep, not twelve rods from the deep well, gave an
abundant supply. The " Budge Tragedy." On 'Sunday morning,
December ii, 1859, M'"S- Priscilla, wife of Rev. Henry Budge, a
Presbyterian minister, then living on the river road about a mile
below the Falls, near the present line of Greig, was found dead in
bed, with her throat cut and a razor in her hand. The blood had not
spattered, but flowed out from the ends of the wound and down
under her back. The incision was a clean one, severing every thing
down to the bone, and there had apparently been no movement
after it was made. Mr. Thomas Rogers, the coroner, was called, and
a jury brought in a verdict of suicide. This was a surprise to njany
and led to a second inquest some weeks after, with a verdict of
murder. Budge was indicted, and the trial was had at Rome, it being
thought that a fair trial could not be had in the county. The case was
discontinued by the Judge, without going to the jury, and before all
the evidence had been given. At about the time of the second
inquest— or a little before — a ballad was read in town-meeting in
Greig, in which Budge was accused of murder. After his release, he
sued Caleb Lyon, of Lyonsdale, for libel, and the trial was held in
Herkimer county. Mr. Lyon admitted that he caused the ballad to be
printed, (although he denied the authorship) and undertook to
justify himself by proving the murder. The suit resulted in a verdict
of $100 damages to Budge, all but one juryman being, (as was
reported at the time) in favor of a verdict "no cause of action." Mr.
Budge went off about 1862, and was for a time at Beverly, New
Jersey. He at one time lived at Whitby in Canada, where it is said he
again married. He preached at Burr Oak and at Buchanan in
Michigan and at some one or more places in Ohio. Toward the end
of 1875, he arrived at Melbourne, AustraHa, from England, in the
steamship Northumberland, and has been since for short periods at
various places in Australia and Tasmania ; but the story of his wife's
death in Greig has followed him everywhere, — and his own conduct
in the places where he has lived, has made him enemies who were
only too willing to make his antecedents known, wherever he
appeared. The latest information from him is found in a newspaper
dated at Hobart, Tasmania, under date of March 23, 1882, in an
article signed by John Gellie, and ending as follows: — li * * * ^
friend, a few months ago, wrote hurriedly from Victoria, asking me
to send a pamphlet on the ' Budge Tragedy,' to a gentleman there to
whose sister ' Budge ' had proposed marriage. I sent it, to arrive an
hour or two before the lady was to give her ^ifj or no. After its
perusal, you may surmise her answer was not 'yes.' If any one has a
sister, or even the most distant relative, whom that specimen of
humanity(?) may wish to ' Budge ' from single bliss, and will give me
timely notice, I will send a ' Budg-et ' that will quickly resolve her to
give an emphatic and indignant NO ! whatever she may add
besides." The " budget " alluded to, may have been a pamphlet
printed in Tasmania, growing out of a controversy with the Rev. John
Storie, then of Launceston, in that colony, but now a retired
missionary, living upon a pension, in Scotland. That pamphlet
contained the substance of the Lewis county evidence, and much
besides. We have seen newspapers from New Zealand, and
elsewhere, giving long recitals of these affairs, and it is reasonablv
certain that this man will be watched
434 HISTORY OF LEWIS COUNTY. and followed by those in
that region who have taken an interest in the subject, wherever he
goes. The late Rev. Joseph Brainerd, D. D., ol Philadelphia (formerly
of Leyden,) who gave this man full support while here, had his
convictions changed by events at Beverly, and wrote a full apology
to some with whom he had formerly differed. The strong sympathy
he received from those of his denomination, has now with many
been reversed, while others would prefer to have the whole
forgotten. Dr. John Swinburne, of Albany, who was strongly
convinced that the case was one of murder, and whose testimony
before the second inquest had great weight — has since, from time
to time, been gathering facts bearing upon the case in a strictly
surgical point of view, and would be able to publish, and perhaps
some day will, a very full history of the whole transaction. When at
Edinburgh in the summer of 1881, the author had an interview with
the Rev. Mr. Storie, and learned many facts not given in his
pamphlet. Mr. Budge had taken an active interest in revivals of
religion in the colony, and had in that line, a kind of talent, that was
wonderfully well calculated to make an impression very different
from that left by further acquaintance. Religious Societies. A
Presbyterian church was formed at the house of George Pinney, Feb.
13, 1826, consisting at first of five males and seven females. An
effort was made in 1852 to erect a church, but no legal society was
formed by this sect until Aug. 29, 1854, when the "Trustees of the
Forest church, in connection with the Presbytery of Watertown,"
were incorporated by their own act, the first set being D. G. Binney,
E. Schoolcraft, Hezekiah Abbey,* Edmund Holcomb, Lyman R. Lyon,
Henry S. Shedd and Cyrus W. Pratt. A neat gothic church was built of
wood in the forest, on the point near the junction of Black and
Moose rivers soon after, at a cost of about $3,000, including a bell
worth $200, and dedicated Aug. 6, 1854. Of this sum, the Rev.
Thomas Brainerd, of Philadelphia, formerly of Leyden, raised $700
abroad. For some years this church has been under the same pastor
as the one at Port Leyden. The first pastor under this arrangement
was the Rev. Erwin S. Barnes, from Boonville (formerly at
Martinsburgh,) who began Nov. 5, 1854, and remained four years. In
1859, he was succeeded by the Rev. Henry Budge, who left in 1862.
On the nth of October, 1862, the Rev. James B. Fisher began his
services as pastor, and remained till April 14, 1867. On the ist of
April, the Rev. Lewis Williams began as pastor. It is now a separate
charge, and under the Rev. A. M. Shaw, from Clinton, N. Y. The
Catholics have a small church named " St. Anthony of Padua," at the
"French Settlement," in the eastern part of this town, which dates
from Sept. 5, 1878. * Dea. Abbey was born in Windham, Ct,, Jan.
31, 1786 ; settled in Greig in 1825, and died in this town March 5,
1858.
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF LYONSDALE. 435 Biographical
Sketches. [G, HENRY P. EDULn,] G. HENRY P. GOULD. Christopher
Gould, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was born on
Long Island in 1790. In 1825, or 1826, he came to Lewis county,
settling in the town of Greig, where he followed for years the
occupation of farmer, and carpenter and joiner. He was a soldier in
the War of 18 12, and in 181 3 he married Catherine Van
Valkenburg, who was born in Albany county in 1793. He died in
Lyons Falls, Aug. 7, 1882. His son, Gordias H. Gould, was born in
Albany county, N. Y., Sept. 12, 1818, and came with his parents to
Greig. He learned the trade of millwright, and built the first
steamboat on Black river. He was active in business and politics, but
never an office seeker. He married, in 1847, Mary, daughter of
Ebenezer Plumb, who was born August 26, 1825. Their children
were : — H. Anna, Minnie E., Sarah M., Katie M., and Henry, the
subject of this sketch.
436 HISTORY OF LEWIS COUNTY. Gordias Henry P. Gould
was born in Lyons Falls, June lo, 1848. His early life was passed in
the vicinity of the place of his birth. He was educated at Fairfield,
Herkimer county, and at Lowville Academy, and afterwards was
engaged for three years with the firm of Snyder Bros., tanners at
Port Leyden, as book-keeper. In 1869, he engaged in business for
himself in the manufacture of lumber at Moose River, where he
remained until 1874. He then formed a copartnership with the heirs
of Lyman R. Lyon, in the same business. They purchased the
property formerly owned by Marshall and Henry Shedd, located near
the junction of Moose and Black rivers, and the copartnership
continued till 1877, when Mr. Gould leased their half interest in the
property and conducted the business in his own name. In 1880, he
built a wood-pulp mill and began the manufacture of wood pulp from
the forests of spruce abounding in that vicinity. The capacity of this
mill is 750 tons per year of dry pulp. The saw-mill has a capacity of
ten million feet per year. Mr. Gould has taken quite an active interest
in political issues, though not a poHtician in the commonly accepted
sense of the term. In 1877, he was elected Supervisor of the town of
Lyonsdale, and has served the town in that capacity each year since.
In the fall of 1 88 1, he was elected to the Assembly on the
Democratic ticket, and served during the term of 1882. His opponent
was Charles A. Chickering, and Mr. Gould's majority was 43, the vote
standing 3.441 to 3,398. During that session he was chairman of the
Committee on Game Laws, and member of the Committee on
General Laws, Canals, and Claims. In every year since 1873, Mr.
Gould has been on his party ticket in the town and county, which
shows the esteem in which he is held by his friends and the public.
On the 15th of September, 1870, he was married to Elizabeth
Pritchard, of Boonville, who was born in Steuben, Oneida county, in
1846. Their children are : — Lua E., born Aug. 15, 1871 ; Harry P.,
born July 22, 1873 ; and Anna C, born May 12, 1880, and died
March 6, 1881.
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF LYONSDALE. 437 JOEL
WHEELER AGER. Joel W. Ager, was born in Warner, New Hampshire,
August 20, 1820. His father, Eliphaz Ager, was of Scottish descent,
and was a native of ArUngton, Vermont, born March 7, 1800. The
family is descended from two brothers who came to America at an
early date, and who originally spelled the name Eager. Eliphaz Ager
married Esther Wheeler, of English origin, who was born in
Dunbarton, New Hampshire, August I5> 1800, and died August 28,
1821. He died in Lyonsdale, Lewis County, November 19, 1870. Joel
W. Ager resided in Warner until about ten years of age, when his
parents removed to Franklin Falls, N. H., where the elder Ager
engaged in the trade of paper manufacturing, in the firm of Peabody,
Daniels & Co. With this firm Joel learned the art of paper making,
receiving the education of the common schools and the academy at
Franklin, and remaining with his parents until he had attained his
majority. At the age of twenty-one he went to Springfield, Mass.,
where he had for one year the charge of the paper manufactory
known as the Springfield Paper Manufacturing Company. From there
he went to Fitchburgh, Mass., where he engaged in setting up paper
machinery and in starting new mills for Rice, Goddard & Co., of
Worcester. Here he remained some three years, and then went to
Louisville, Kentucky, where he built a paper mill for Kellogg,
Weisenger & Co., remaining in their employ and in charge of the mill
two years. In 1848, in company with a gentleman from Louisville,
Ky., David Lane, he took an extensive journey through theWestern
States prospecting for a site for paper manufacturing. Mr. Lane, who
had in boyhood lived in Lewis County, and had remembered its
streams and excellent water privileges, suggested a visit to this
locality. Their visit resulted in the purchase of thirty acres of land
with its water privileges, of A. G. Dayan, which comprised a portion
of the Lyon estate. He could not have chosen a better location for
his enterprise, or one possessing more of the beautiful in nature.
Utility and picturesqueness are here combined. The stream which
never fails in its volume, flows through the valley between hills
crowned with evergreens, expands itself in the broad ponds above
the mills, and rushes with a roar, and whitened, as in anger, through
the narrow gorge and over the falls to the quieter level below, and in
its course is caught by the hand of man, and compelled to do duty
for the benefit of the world. Here in a region which was then in its
primitive state of wildness, Mr. Ager determined to locate and build
for himself a business and a home. His
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accurate
JDEL "HTHBELER AG-ER,
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF LYONSDALE. 439 friends
endeavored to dissuade him from settling in a region so uninviting
and inaccessible, and prophesied that his stay would be brief. But he
had inherited too much of the vigor of the New Hampshire hills to
fear the labor that laid before him, and was possessed of that
indomitable perseverance which enters into the characters of all
successful men. He began soon to cut roads and clear the land
preparatory to building his mill. Remote from neighbors and villages,
cut off as it were from the outside world, he felt oftentimes
lonesome, but never discouraged. He knew that in that rushing
stream, whose waters were never still, was a power that would turn
the wheel of his fortune if he but remained and trained its forces to
his use. Time has shown the wisdom of his determination. The old
adage, " They laugh best who laugh last," is pertinently applicable in
his case, for those who would have deterred him from his enterprise
have seen him make a success where they supposed failure was
certain. His success was merely another instance of the triumph of
pluck and perseverance. He converted that region of wild country
into a region of usefulness, and founded a business and a home in
one of the most picturesque localities in the county. Even now it
retains some of the wildness of its primitive days. The approach to it
is over roads which wind through woods and boulders, and past
fields of blackened stumps, where the hand of man has robbed
nature of some of her beauty to enrich himself. As one passes over
these roads where the stillness is almost as unbroken as in early
days, it would require no great stretch of imagination to believe that
behind those stumps and boulders, and in the tangled underbrush,
lurk some of the dusky aborigines who once peopled this section.
But the hum of the busy wheels on the river remind us that they
have gone, and that a race more useful to mankind has taken their
place. Villages have sprung up where once stood their wigwams, and
the railroad has taken the place of their trails and the draft roads of
their successors, the early pioneers. Foreseeing these possibilities of
inhabitation and railroad facilities, Mr. Agerin that year, 1848, built
his present paper-mill, which was the first machine mill of the kind in
the county of Lewis. Mr. Lane engaged with him as partner, and was
with him in the business eleven years. In those days there were no
railroads, and their paper was carted from forty to eighty miles to
market. The first paper of their manufacture was sold to Cyrus W.
Field & Co., of New York. From small beginnings the manufacture of
paper was increased to a steady and uniform business, and his
purchase of land was extended to seven hundred acres. About 1 87
1 , he engaged in lumbering, and built in that year the
440 HISTORY OF LEWIS COUNTY. present saw-mill with a
capacity of 6,000 feet per day. Mr. Ager set up the first Fourdrinier
paper machine west of the Alleghany mountains. For twenty-one
years he has filled the office of postmaster of Lyonsdale, which
position he now occupies. Religiously, he is a Unitarian of
comprehensive and liberal views, and socially is esteemed for his
honest and genial nature. In December, 1845, he married at
Fitchburgh, Mass., Celia A. Johnson, of Bellows Falls, Vt. One child
was born to this marriage in Louisville, Ky., October 31, 1846, and
died in infancy. On the 25th of October, 1864, he married for his
second wife, Julia F. Williams, of Martinsburgh, who was born in
Ogdensburgh, N. Y., August 22, 1839. Their children are : Josephine
E. W., born May 27, 1866 ; C. Leonard J., born August 29, 1869; A.
Florence, born July 28, 1871 ; F. Pet, born July 16, 1874.
The text on this page is estimated to be only 0.00% accurate
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF LYONSDALE. 441 LYMAN
RASSELAS LYON. Lyman Rasselas Lyon, than whom no citizen of
Lewis County, past or present, is more entitled to the touch of the
biographer's pen, was born in what is now Walworth, Wayne County,
N. Y., in 1806, and came a lad of twelve years with his father to
Lewis County. He was educated under the Rev. John Sherman, at
Trenton., and at the Lowville Academy, and at an early age evinced a
decided interest in public affairs. From 1830 to 1835, he was Deputy
Clerk in the Assembly, and was several years Cashier and President
of the Lewis County Bank. In 1859, he was elected to the Assembly,
and by his active efforts secured to the people the locks and dams
on Black river, which completed the water connection between
Carthage and the Erie canal; to which object he devoted much time
and energy in laboring for the Black River canal, which was finally
built from Boonville and Lyons Falls. He built in 1856, a steamer on
the river, modeled after those on the Ohio, to tow up the canal
boats, thus securing forty miles of additional navigation. In his
younger years, he was largely interested in western government
contracts, and his favorite remark was, that if he made his money
abroad he desired only to expend it at home to benefit his own town
and county. It was his energy and capital that started the business
enterprises known as Moose River and Otter Lake tanneries, still in
operation. Mr. Lyon was one of the largest land proprietors in
Northern New York, ^nd his repulation as a successful, energetic,
and reliable business man is well known. At the outbreak of the
Rebellion, he manifested much interest in the Union cause, and
proffered his services in defense of the government, which were
declined on account of his age. He gave a musket to every young
man who enlisted from his town, and contributed in various other
ways to the success of our arms. His deep anxiety during that
struggle, in addition
442 HISTORY OF LEWIS COUNTY. to his extended business
cares, affected his health, and in 1867, he went abroad with his
family. He traveled through Southern Europe, Palestine, and Egypt,
and was somewhat benefited ; but returning, died on the 7th of
April, 1869, at Savannah, Georgia, on his way home from Florida.
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF MARTINSBURGH. 443
CHAPTER XXX. History of the Town of Martinsburgh. THIS town was
formed from Turin, Feb. 22, 1803, in accordance with a vote of that
town, and originally embraced townships four and five of the
Boylston tract, or Cornelia and Porcia* as designated on the
Surveyor-General's maps of 1 8o2-'o4. The act took effect on the
first day of March following, 'and directed the first town meeting to
be held at the house of Ehud Stephens. Harrisburgh and EUisburgh
were created towns by the same act. By a law passed April 2, 18 19,
that portion of Turin north of a line passing nearly east and west,
through the point of intersection of the State and West roads, at
what was then the site of Johnson's tavern, was annexed to this
town.f It has been stated that this measure was effected against the
wishes of Turin, by Levi Adams, then in the Senate,and a few
settlers east of Martinsburgh village, who found their residence in
Turin equivalent to a deprival of their civil rights, on account of their
distance from elections. The latter town consented to a change that
should fix the line on Whetstone creek, but upon receiving notice of
the proposed alteration, calle'd a special meeting, voted against the
division with but one dissenting voice, and appointed a committee to
petition against it, but without avail. The early records of town
meetings in this town appear to be lost. In 1806 the * The latter has
been sometimes erroneously written Persia. These names were
derived from Roman ladies, conspicuous in classic history. They
never received a local application among the settlers, and are
perhaps nowhere found as geographical names, except upon the
maps quoted, and on the statutes. t The line was directed to be nin
from the point where the line of lots, 151. 152. township 3, touched
the river, to the place where the line, between the farms of Oliver
Bush and Edward Johnson joined on the State road, and on the
same course to the east line of township five. town officers were :
Walter Martin, Supervisor; Levi Adams, Clerk; Ehud Stephens, Asa
Brayton, Orrin Moore, Assessors; Truman Stephens, Collector; Ehud
Stephens and Elijah Baldwin, Overseers of the Poor ; John
McColHster, Oliver AUis and Avery P. Stoddard, Commissioners of
Highways ; Truman Stephens and Bradford Arthur, Constables.
Supervisors. — 1805, Asa Brayton; 1806 -'08. Walter Martin; 1809-
10, Chillus Doty; i81i-'i4, Levi Adams; 1815, C. Doty; 1816-17,
Bradford Arthur; 1818'22, BaronS. Doty ; 1823, B.Arthur; 1824,
Barnabas Yale; 1825-29, B. Arthur; i830-'32, Asahel Hough; 1833-
35, David Miller; 1836-38, Noah N. Harger ; 1839, A. Hough; 1840,
David Griffis; 1841, Harvey Stephens; 1842, Henry McCarty; 1843,
Morgan Harger; 1844, Edwin S. Cadwell; 1845, H. Stephens;* 1846,
Eleazer Alger; 1847-51, Diodate Pease; 1852-53, Avery Babcock;
1854, D. Pease; 1855, Horatio Shumway; 1856 -'60, Edwin Pitcher;
1861, Sidney Sylvester; 1862-64, Chester Ray; 1865, Orlando
Arthur; 1 866-' 70, Marion Nash; 1871, Alfred Arthur; 1872-81,
Martin Sheldon; 1882, Roland Evans. Town Clerks. — 1803 and
1806, Levi Adams; (m i8o7-^'io, the record is not to be found;)
1811-13, Enoch Thompson; 1814, Edward Bancroft; 1815-26, E.
Thompson; 1827, John B. Hill ; 1828-30, Walter Martin, Jr.; 1831-33,
Charles L. Martin; 1834-35, W. Martin, Jr. ; 1836'37, Elijah L.
Thompson ; 1 838-40, Lewis G. VanSlyke; 1841, William King; 1842,
John E. Jones; 1843,0. L. Martin; 1844, David Griffis; 1845, James
M. Sturtevant; 1846, William King; 1847, Daniel A. Smith; i849-'5i,
Henry W. King; 1852, Edwin S. Caldwell; 1853, Alonzo J. Buxton ;
1854, John M. Michael; 1855, John S. Hill; 1856-75, E. S. Caldwell; *
Died April 7, 1845, and Harvey Easton elected April 19th.
444 HISTORY OF LEWIS COUNTY. 1876-80, Samuel L.
Mott; 1881, Chauncey Morse; 1882, S. L. Mott. Among the town
records of Martinsburgh are noticed in 1809, '12 and '15, a vote
imposing a fine of $4 for allowing Canada thistles to go to seed ; the
money, when recovered, to be applied towards the support of the
poor. In 1823, it was voted that the collection of taxes should be
made by the person who would bid to do it at the least price. The
support of certain town paupers was put up at auction in like
manner in 1820, and this practice has precedent in the usages of
other towns in the county. The First Proprietor and Namesake OF the
Town. Walter Martin, a son of Captain Adam Martin, was born in
Sturbridge, Mass., December 15, 1766, and in 1787 removed to
Salem, N. Y., where he married Sarah Turner, a daughter of James
Turner, of Pelham, Mass., ^nd whose widow afterwards married
John WiUiams, of Salem, N. Y. Another daughter of James Turner,
named Jane, married David Thomas, State Treasurer. Mr. Martin
became engaged in business in Salem, before making his purchase
in this town. An uncle, named Moses Martin, was one of the first
settlers of Salem, and great numbers, from his native town, removed
to that place. One of his sisters married Judge Asa Fitch, and
another Andrew Freeman, of Salem. Silas Conkey and Chillus Doty
married two other sisters, and removed with him to the Black River
country. They both died in this town as did also their wives. While
living in Salem, Mr. Martin narrowly escaped death from an accident,
which he could never, in after life, relate without emotion. He owned
a grist mill, in which it was found necessary to cut away the ice on a
winter's morning, before it could be started. While engaged at this
work, the miller, without knowing the danger, let water upon the
wheel, which began to revolve with Martin in it, and continued to do
so until it was stopped by his body. A leg was broken and he was
dreadfully bruised by being thrown repeatedly from axle to
circumference, as the wheel revolved. Early in 1801, Mr. Martin came
up into the Black River country, and after spending a short time at
Lowville, exploring the lands south, he went to New York in June of
that year, and bought of James Constable 8,000 acres of land,
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