COMMON TECHNICAL QUESTIONS

Q-1 What is a hidden Admin account?

It is the by-default hidden account in an operating system which allows you to do anything
without restrictions. It has elevated permissions, privileges.
This account can be enabled by various ways and one of the basic way is to do using CMD:

1. Run CMD as an administrator.

2. Type: net user administrator /active:yes
3. Then sign out from the existing user profile and sign in to the administrator account.

Q-2 How to give permission to specific file/folder?

For Windows:
1. Right click on the file/folder.
2. Then click on Properties.
3. Click the Security tab, and then click Edit to set permissions:
4. Allow full control or modify other permissions as well as per your need.
5. Click OK to close the Permissions dialog box.
6. Click Advanced in the Properties dialog box.
7. Select Replace all child object permission entries with inheritable permission entries
from this object. Click OK, and then click Yes.
8. Click on ok or apply.

For MAC:
1. Use the Finder to navigate to System Library or user library.
2. Control-click the folder and choose Get Info.
3. Expand the Sharing & Permissions section.
4. Click the lock icon in the lower-right corner. Enter your administrator user name and
password when prompted, and then click OK.
5. Set permissions:
System: Read/write
Admin: Read/write
Everyone: Read/write
6. Click the gear icon, and select Apply to enclosed items.
7. Close the Get Info dialog box.

Q-3 While installation stops at 90% and it rolls back – Troubleshooting

 Corrupted installer files.
 Antivirus/firewall
  Insufficient storage
 Any other process running in the background.
 Complete memory consumption in the RAM

Q-4 What's VPN and its usage?

 Virtual Private Network is a private network which allow users to access the websites
without sharing the data/ip addresses to other networks or to get public. i.e it allows us to
encrypt our internet data so that it won’t be accessed publically by outside users.

 It helps in creating a private network and mainly used by the organizations to protect
their data from getting hacked.

 Examples, people working from home or remotely must use the VPN in order to protect
company’s data. We can also access some of the restricted websites by using the VPN
of any outside place or country.
Q-5 What is an IP address?
 A unique address which identifies a device on a local network or internet. Internet
Protocol- Set of rules used to govern the format of data gets sent over the internet.

Q-6 How to install a software?

 Download the exe file or the setup and then run it, allow the permissions and then follow
the onscreen instructions.
 We can run MSI installer to install the application.
 Online installation, offline installation, silent installation.
Q-7 What is diff b/w Update and Upgrade?
Update- It means keeping the software up to date. Let’s say updating the drivers. Installing any
updates for an application with few enhancement in the existing features.
Upgrade- It means changing the software from a previous version to a new version. Basically
changing the software in order to get new features, functionalities.
Updating the Graphic Card drivers and upgrading the Graphic card by removing the existing
one and getting a new one.
Q-8 How to install software on multiple machines at the same time?
 Open Administrative console/account.
 Access group policy and apply the installer package by creating a new policy for the no
of users you want to install the application.
 We will exit out of the policy and when the users will login, the installation will start
automatically.
Q-9 How to check background process?
  Using Task Manager in Windows
 Using Activity Monitor in MAC
Q-10 Difference b/w MSI and .exe file?
 MSI file- It just contains the basic installer files to install the application.
It as a windows installer with the predefined user interface for the installer.
It only works in a specific language.

 .Exe file: It can be the installer file, package of the installer and other executable files like
the launch icon of an application.
The installer user interface can me modified and changed or varied accordingly.
There can be multiple language options in the case of .exe installer.
It is the widely used installer as it provides a lot more changes to make in the installer for
a user.

Q-11 Difference b/s Antivirus and Firewall?

 Antivirus: Software- To detect, identify and remove the existing malicious content as well
provide the protection from the outside malicious data.
Can be used in the form of a software.
Detects infected files, folders, applications and then scan them to detect malicious
content, then disinfect them or remove them.
 Firewall: A wall of protection which will not allow any outside unprotected or malicious
content inside a computer or internet network.
Can be a software as well as on hardware.
It works on monitoring and filtering.
Q-12 Difference b/w Admin account and Guest account?
 Admin account is the inbuilt account with complete administrative privileges, permissions
and rights. It can manage everything in the operating system. It is hidden bydefault but
we can enable it.
 Guest Account: Inbuilt account is the OS with read only permissions which means we
cannot perform administrative tasks or manage other things in the OS. We cannot even
change the password, date and time from the guest account.
Q-13 If facing slow internet, what could be the reason?
 First of all, I would check if it is specific to a website. If it is with the specific website, then
it can be due to high internet traffic on that specific website, otherwise we will proceed
further.
 Router/wire issues.
 We can check on multiple devices as well.
 Multiple device connected at the same time. Less bandwidth.
 Issues from the ISP’s side related to the internet traffic as well.
Q-14 What could be the reason if a file is not downloading from the internet?
 Corrupted browser history or cache cookies.
  Internet issue or unstable network connection.
 Antivirus or firewall.
 Insufficient storage space
 If we are working in a restricted environment, let’s say on a VPN or with proxies.
Q-15 What is virtual machine?
Virtualisation is the process of creating a software-based or "virtual" version of a computer, with
dedicated amounts of CPU, memory and storage that are "borrowed" from a physical host
computer—such as your personal computer— and/or a remote server—such as a server in a
cloud provider's datacentre. A virtual machine is a computer file, typically called an image,
which behaves like an actual computer. It can run in a window as a separate computing
environment, often to run a different operating system—or even to function as the user's entire
computer experience
Q-16 What is host file?
The hosts file is a plain text file used to map host names to IP addresses. On Windows, it is
located in the C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc folder.
Q-17 What is log file?
LOG is the file extension for an automatically produced file that contains a record of events from
certain software and operating systems.

Q-18 What is DNS?

The Domain Name System (DNS) is an important part of the internet, providing a way to map
names (a website you're seeking) to numbers (the address for the website). ... DNS maps
domain names with IP addresses enabling humans to use memorable domain names while
computers on the internet can use IP addresses.
Q-19 If we try to open a website and it is showing that site cannot be reached. What could be
the reasons?

 Clear browser cache, history and cookies

 Due to the firewall.
 Reset browser settings if the site is accessible on another web
browser
 Reset Wi-Fi Modem
 Make sure you are not connected to the VPN

Q-20 How to see hidden files in a folders?

Open File Explorer>View>Check “Hidden Item” box.
Q-21 What are the tabs in MS Config utilities?
System Configuration MSConfig is a system utility designed to troubleshoot the Microsoft
Windows startup process. It can disable or re-enable software, device drivers or Windows
services that run at startup, and it can change boot parameters.

 General-
 Boot
 Services
 Startup
 Tools
Q-22 How to check which programs are running while booting up?
 Task Manager>Start up tab
Q-23 Can we attempt new installation at the same time when a previous installation process is
actively running?
 No, otherwise it will create a conflict in the installer service or installers.
Q-24 If any background process is on-going, can it effect any current installation?
If the background process is linked with the application which we are installing and it is
currently being used by another software, then it would be suggested to close that application or
application’s process. Otherwise basic services of the OS are need to be running while
installation like windows installer service, print spooler etc.
Q-25 Installation stops at 90% and it rolls back – Troubleshooting?
 Corrupted installer files.
 Antivirus/firewall
 Insufficient storage
 Any other process running in the background.
Complete memory consumption in the RAM
Q-26 How to create an admin account in Windows and root account in MAC?
https://www.howtogeek.com/howto/windows-vista/enable-the-hidden-administrator-account-on-
windows-vista/
https://support.apple.com/en-in/HT204012#:~:text=Click%20Open%20Directory
%20Utility.&text=in%20the%20Directory%20Utility%20window,use%20for%20the%20root
%20user.
Q-27 What is Taskbar and Task Manager?
Task Manager: A task manager is a system monitor program used to provide information about the
processes and applications running on a computer, as well as the general status of the computer.

Taskbar is a toolbar provided by an operating system to launch, monitor and manipulate

software
Q-28 What are the background process in an OS?
All the currently running processes in the background can be termed as background services. It
includes start up services, application which are currently open and running.
Q-29 If we are trying to update any app, will it override the previous file?
It will not override the files which have been created using that specific application. Like if we
update word application, it will not make any change in the already created word file formats.
But when it application configuration files, then yes it can change them.

In majority of the cases yes, but

It depends upon the updater or installer for he update. If there are files which are for the update
of the particular feature of the application, then yes it will override the previous files.

Q-30 How to check the PC configuration in Windows and MAC?

This PC>Properties.
run “msinfo32”
Run “dxdiag”

Q-31 Installing any setup gives the error at 99% what could be the possible reason?
Same as above.
Q-32 Diff b/w task manager & Device Manger.
Device Manager is the tool available in the Operating System which allows the user to manage
all the hardware of the computer including the graphic Card, Printer, Peripherals, display
adapters etc.
We can access Device manager using following ways:
 Search for device manager in the search bar.
 Run “devmgmt.msc”
Q-33 If something is being downloading on PC and it stops suddenly, what could be the
reasons?
Same as above
Q-34 How to stop startup app and process while boot up?
Using MS Config>Startup>Task Manager>Then right click on the app/item and disable it.
Q-35 what is an event viewer?
 Tool available in Windows OS to check the history of the events occurred in the
operating system. It will include the record for the tasks, events, actions related to the
softwares installed and other system related processes of the operating system.
  We can check the root cause or the file which has led to the error in the application or
crash of the application.
Q-36 What is troubleshooting?
 Process of identifying the technical problems and solving them in a computer.
Q-37 What is memory leak?
 It is the inappropriate allocation of the memory in an operating system by an application
or computer program due to which memory allocation for other applications gets affected
and results in the poor performance of the application.

Q-38 Troubleshooting for PC working slow?

 Delete temp files
User temp: run “%temp%”
System temp: run “temp”
Additional temp files: run “prefetch”
 From the startup items, disable the unwanted startup items.
 Will run a scan using antivirus to check if there is any malicious content.

Q-39 How to disable a Graphic Card if there multiple being used at the same time ?

You can use Device Manager to disable the Graphic card in an OS. Select your graphics card
you wish to disable there, expand Display Adapters, right-click on the card you don't want on and
Disable.

Q-40 What is RAM?

Random access memory (RAM) is a computer's short-term memory, which it uses to handle all
active tasks and apps. None of your programs, files, games, or streams would work without
RAM.

RAM is temporary storage that goes away when the power turns off.
Q-41 What is ROM?

ROM, which stands for read only memory, is a memory device or storage medium that stores
information permanently. It is also the primary memory unit of a computer along with the random
access memory (RAM). It is called read only memory as we can only read the programs and
data stored on it but cannot write on it. It is restricted to reading words that are permanently
stored within the unit.
 Q-42 Difference between CPU and GPU.

The main difference between CPU and GPU architecture is that a CPU is designed to handle a
wide-range of tasks quickly (as measured by CPU clock speed), but are limited in the
concurrency of tasks that can be running. A GPU is designed to quickly render high-resolution
images and video concurrently.

Because GPUs can perform parallel operations on multiple sets of data, they are also
commonly used for non-graphical tasks such as machine learning and scientific computation.
Designed with thousands of processor cores running simultaneously, GPUs enable massive
parallelism where each core is focused on making efficient calculations.

Q-43 How to update drivers?

1. In the search box on the taskbar, enter device manager, then select Device Manager.
2. Select a category to see names of devices, then right-click (or press and hold) the one you’d like
to update.
3. Select Search automatically for updated driver software.
4. Select Update Driver.
5. If Windows doesn't find a new driver, you can try looking for one on the device manufacturer's
website and follow their instructions.