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 © 2020 Cengage Learning, Inc.
Technology for Success: Computer Concepts Unless otherwise noted, all content is © Cengage.
Authors: Jennifer T. Campbell, Mark Ciampa, Barbara
Clemens, Steven M. Freund, Mark Frydenberg, Ralph E.
WCN: 02-300
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 Brief Contents
Introduction to Technology for Success: Computer Concepts ����������CC I-1
Module 1: Impact of Digital Technology ������������������������������������������������� CC 1-1
Module 2: The Web ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������CC 2-1
Module 3: Computer Hardware ������������������������������������������������������������������CC 3-1
Module 4: Operating Systems andFile Management���������������������������� CC 4-1
Module 5: Software and Apps �������������������������������������������������������������������CC 5-1
Module 6: Security and Safety��������������������������������������������������������������������CC 6-1
Module 7: Digital Media �������������������������������������������������������������������������������CC 7-1
Module 8: Program and App Use and Development ������������������������������CC 8-1
Module 9: Web Development ���������������������������������������������������������������������CC 9-1
Module 10: Networking ������������������������������������������������������������������������������CC 10-1
Module 11: Digital Communication ������������������������������������������������������������ CC 11-1
Index����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� CC IND-1

Brief Contents iii

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Contents
Introduction to Technology for Success: Define Web Browsing Terms ....................................... CC 2-2
Computer Concepts ���������������������������������������� CC I-1 Explain the Purpose of a Top-Level Domain ......... CC 2-5
Describe Internet Standards ........................................ CC 2-5
Module 1: Impact of Digital Technology
Module Objective: Analyze the ways in which technol- Describe Websites and Webpages �������������� CC 2-5
ogy has revolutionized the last quarter of the century. Identify the Types of Websites ................................... CC 2-6
Explain the Pros and Cons of Web Apps ................ CC 2-8
Explain Society’s Reliance on Technology������CC 1-2 Identify the Major Components of a
Outline the History of Computers .............................. CC 1-2 Webpage ......................................................................... CC 2-9
Explain the Impact of the Internet Identify Secure and Insecure Websites ..................CC 2-10
of Things and Embedded Computers ................... CC 1-3
ATMs and Kiosks ............................................................... CC 1-4 Use E-commerce ���������������������������������������������CC 2-10
IoT at Home......................................................................... CC 1-5 Explain the Role of E-commerce in Daily Life....... CC 2-11
IoT in Business.................................................................... CC 1-5 Use E-commerce in Business Transactions ............ CC 2-11
Discover Uses for Artificial Intelligence.................... CC 1-6 Use E-commerce in Personal Transactions ........... CC 2-12
Explore the Impact of Virtual Reality ....................... CC 1-6 Find E-commerce Deals ............................................... CC 2-13
The Digital Divide...............................................................CC 1-7 Apply Information Literacy Skills to Web
Develop Personal Uses for Technology ������� CC 1-7 Searches �������������������������������������������������������������� CC 2-13
Explore Personal Uses for Technology ......................CC 1-7 Define Information Literacy ........................................CC 2-14
Use Robotics and Virtual Reality ................................ CC 1-8 Explain How Search Engines Work .......................... CC 2-14
Utilize Technology in Daily Life.................................... CC 1-9 Use Search Tools and Strategies ............................... CC 2-14
Use Technology to Assist Users with Refine Web Searches..................................................... CC 2-15
Disabilities ........................................................................CC 1-10 Conduct Online Research ����������������������������� CC 2-17
Apply Green Computing Concepts Use Specialty Search Engines .................................... CC 2-17
to Daily Life...................................................................... CC 1-11 Evaluate Online Information ....................................... CC 2-18
Enterprise Computing .................................................... CC 1-12 Gather Content from Online Sources ...................... CC 2-19
Explain the Role of Technology Apply Information Literacy Standards ................... CC 2-21
in the Professional World ���������������������������� CC 1-13 Summary ��������������������������������������������������������� CC 2-22
List the Ways that Professionals Might
Use Technology in the Workplace .......................... CC 1-13 Review Questions ������������������������������������������ CC 2-23
Technology in K-12 Education ..................................... CC 1-13 Discussion Questions ������������������������������������ CC 2-24
Technology in Higher Education ................................ CC 1-13
Technology in Healthcare ............................................. CC 1-13 Critical Thinking Activities �������������������������� CC 2-24
Technology in the Transportation Industry ............ CC 1-13 Key Terms �������������������������������������������������������� CC 2-25
Technology in Manufacturing ...................................... CC 1-14
Explore Technology Careers ........................................ CC 1-14 Module 3: Computer Hardware
Explore How You Might Prepare for a Module Objective: Demonstrate familiarity with using
Career in Technology .................................................. CC 1-16 and maintaining computer hardware.
Summary ������������������������������������������������������������ CC 1-18 Categorize the Various Types of
Review Questions �������������������������������������������� CC 1-18 Computer Hardware ������������������������������������� CC 3-2
Define Each Component of Computer
Discussion Questions �������������������������������������� CC 1-19 Hardware .......................................................................... CC 3-2
Visually Identify Types of Computer
Critical Thinking Activities ���������������������������� CC 1-19
Hardware .......................................................................... CC 3-4
Key Terms ���������������������������������������������������������� CC 1-19 Explain How Computers Represent Data ............... CC 3-5
Explain the Benefits of Internal, External,

Module
Module 2: TheComplete
Objective: Web research using and Cloud-Based Storage Solutions ...................... CC 3-6
Explain the Pros and Cons of Using
information gathered from reliable online sources. Different Types of Computers, Including
Explain the Role of the Web in All-in-Ones, Tablets, Mobile Devices,
Daily Life ���������������������������������������������������������� CC 2-2 and Desktop Computers..............................................CC 3-7

iv Contents

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Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Determine Which Hardware Features Are Manage Files and Folders �����������������������������CC 4-16
Personally Necessary to Consider When Compress and Uncompress Files ..............................CC 4-16
Purchasing a Computer .............................................. CC 3-9 Save Files to Folders and File Systems ..................CC 4-16
Determine File Properties ............................................ CC 4-17
Demonstrate Familiarity with Input and
Manage File Names and File Placement ...............CC 4-18
Output Devices ��������������������������������������������� CC 3-14
Manage Folder Names and Folder
Experiment with Input Devices .................................CC 3-14
Placement........................................................................CC 4-18
Experiment with Output Devices..............................CC 3-16
Organize Files Using File Management
Explain How to Install Computer Hardware ......... CC 3-17
Tools .....................................................................................CC 4-19
Maintain Hardware Components����������������� CC 3-18
Summary ��������������������������������������������������������� CC 4-20
Measure the Performance of Computer
Hardware ......................................................................... CC 3-18 Review Questions ����������������������������������������� CC 4-20
Explain How to Troubleshoot Problems
with Hardware and Peripherals ............................... CC 3-18 Discussion Questions ������������������������������������� CC 4-21
Explain the Necessary Steps to Maintain Critical Thinking Activities ��������������������������� CC 4-21
Computer Hardware ................................................... CC 3-25
Explain How to Restore a Device and Its Key Terms ��������������������������������������������������������� CC 4-21
Associated Hardware and Software.....................CC 3-26
Module 5: Software and Apps
Summary ���������������������������������������������������������� CC 3-27 Module Objective: Demonstrate familiarity with
common apps and productivity software.
Review Questions ������������������������������������������ CC 3-27
Explain How to Use Apps as Part of
Discussion Questions ������������������������������������ CC 3-28
Your Daily Life ������������������������������������������������ CC 5-2
Critical Thinking Activities �������������������������� CC 3-28 Define Application Software ....................................... CC 5-2
Describe the Purpose of Each Key Type
Key Terms �������������������������������������������������������� CC 3-28 of App ................................................................................ CC 5-3
Describe Types of Apps ................................................ CC 5-3
Module 4: Operating Systems and Identify Common Features of Apps ......................... CC 5-4
File Management Use Mobile Apps .............................................................. CC 5-5
Module Objective: Keep your chosen operating
systems running smoothly, through personalization and Use Common Features of Productivity
maintenance. and Graphics Apps ���������������������������������������� CC 5-9
Identify Apps and Productivity Suites
Compare Operating Systems ������������������������ CC 4-2 Related to Word Processing, Spreadsheet,
Differentiate Between an Operating System Presentation, and Database Software ..................CC 5-10
and System Software ................................................... CC 4-2 Use Word Processing Software for Basic
Differentiate Between Operating Systems............. CC 4-3 Word Processing Functions ...................................... CC 5-11
Identify Desktop Components ................................... CC 4-5 Format Documents Using Word Processing
Explain How an Operating System Software........................................................................... CC 5-13
Works ��������������������������������������������������������������� CC 4-7 Use Spreadsheet Software to Manage
The Purpose of an Operating System ...................... CC 4-7 Basic Workbooks.......................................................... CC 5-14
How an Operating System Manages Use Presentation Software to Create
Memory ............................................................................. CC 4-8 and Share Presentations ............................................ CC 5-19
Steps in the Boot Process............................................. CC 4-8 Use Database Software to Manage
How Operating Systems Manage Input and Basic Databases ........................................................... CC 5-24
Output ............................................................................... CC 4-9 Use Graphics Software................................................. CC 5-28

Personalize an Operating System to Summary ���������������������������������������������������������� CC 5-32

Increase Productivity ���������������������������������� CC 4-10

Customize System Software ...................................... CC 4-10 Review Questions ������������������������������������������ CC 5-33
Customize Hardware Using System Discussion Questions ������������������������������������ CC 5-33
Software............................................................................ CC 4-11 Critical Thinking Activities �������������������������� CC 5-34
Manage Desktop Windows.......................................... CC 4-12
Use Administrative Tools ............................................ CC 4-13 Key Terms �������������������������������������������������������� CC 5-34

Contents v

Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-208
Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Module 6: Security and Safety Edit Digital Media Files ................................................ CC 7-25
Module Objective: Safeguard against the major health Summary ���������������������������������������������������������� CC 7-27
and safety risks associated with regular computer use.
Review Questions ������������������������������������������ CC 7-28
Discuss Computer Safety and Health
Risks ������������������������������������������������������������������ CC 6-2 Discussion Questions ������������������������������������ CC 7-28
Determine the Risks to Computer Security Critical Thinking Activities �������������������������� CC 7-29
and Safety ........................................................................ CC 6-3
Understand the Risks to Physical, Behavioral, Key Terms �������������������������������������������������������� CC 7-29
and Social Health ......................................................... CC 6-5
Describe Common Cybersecurity Attacks ............ CC 6-8 Module 8: Program and App Use
Use Protective Measures to Safeguard and Development
Computers and Data ����������������������������������� CC 6-12 Module Objective: Recognize the ways that software
Explain the Steps to Protect Computer contributes positively to daily life.
Equipment....................................................................... CC 6-12 Use Programs and Apps for Everyday
Protect Mobile Devices and Your Privacy ............ CC 6-15 Tasks ����������������������������������������������������������������� CC 8-2
Use Strong Authentication ......................................... CC 6-17 Learn About Legal Uses of Programs and
Explain the Benefits of Encryption ....................... CC 6-20 Apps ................................................................................... CC 8-2
Discuss Measures to Prevent Identity Theft Acquire Legitimate Programs and Apps................. CC 8-3
and Protect Financial Information ......................... CC 6-21 Install and Uninstall Programs and
Protect Yourself While Online .................................. CC 6-23 Apps ................................................................................... CC 8-4
Update Programs and Apps ........................................ CC 8-5
Summary ���������������������������������������������������������� CC 6-24
Use Programs and Apps................................................ CC 8-5
Review Questions ������������������������������������������ CC 6-25 Use Free Programs and Apps .................................... CC 8-7
Troubleshoot Programs and Apps........................... CC 8-7
Discussion Questions ������������������������������������ CC 6-26
Categorize Types of Development and
Critical Thinking Activities �������������������������� CC 6-26
Programming �������������������������������������������������� CC 8-8
Key Terms �������������������������������������������������������� CC 6-26 The Basics of Development ......................................... CC 8-9
Define Object-Oriented Programming .................... CC 8-9
References ������������������������������������������������������� CC 6-27 Differentiate Between Types of Programs
and Apps ........................................................................ CC 8-10
Module 7: Digital Media
Module Objective: Use digital media comfortably in Explore Development Methods ��������������������CC 8-11
daily life. Components of the Development
Process ............................................................................. CC 8-12
Explain How Digital Media Represents
Discuss the Phases in the Software
the Real World ������������������������������������������������CC 7-2
Development Life Cycle ............................................. CC 8-12
Define Digital Media Concepts ....................................CC 7-2
Differentiate Between Development
Describe How Computers Represent
Methodologies ............................................................... CC 8-15
Images and Sounds ...................................................... CC 7-4
Define Digital Graphics .................................................. CC 7-5 Describe Tools and Strategies in
Identify Digital Media File Formats ........................... CC 7-6 Development ������������������������������������������������� CC 8-16
Compare 2-D and 3-D Animation .............................. CC 7-9 Differentiate Between Programming
Languages ....................................................................... CC 8-16
Use Digital Media ��������������������������������������������CC 7-10
Explain the Differences Between
Use Gaming Systems ...................................................... CC 7-11
Various Types of Programming Tools ................... CC 8-17
Use Animations ................................................................CC 7-14
Use Graphics ..................................................................... CC 7-15 Summary ����������������������������������������������������������� CC 8-19
Use Computer-Aided Technology ............................ CC 7-16 Review Questions ������������������������������������������� CC 8-19
Stream Digital Media ..................................................... CC 7-17
Record and Edit Digital Media ��������������������� CC 7-18 Discussion Questions ������������������������������������CC 8-20
Create Graphics and Animation ................................ CC 7-19 Critical Thinking Activities ��������������������������CC 8-20
Record and Play Sounds and Music ......................... CC 7-21
Develop Original Videos .............................................. CC 7-24 Key Terms ��������������������������������������������������������CC 8-20

vi Contents

Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-208
Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Module 9: Web Development Publish Your Website Online .....................................CC 9-29
Module Objective: Demonstrate understanding of how Case Study: Publish the Café Unlimited
websites are developed Website Files to a Web Server .............................. CC 9-30
Modify the Appearance of a Webpage
Explain the Uses of HTML, CSS, and Using CSS ....................................................................... CC 9-31
JavaScript When Developing Case Study: Add Styles to the Café
Websites ���������������������������������������������������������� CC 9-2 Unlimited Website ....................................................... CC 9-33
Explain How to Use HTML ............................................ CC 9-2 Control a Webpage’ s Behavior with
Explain How to Use CSS ................................................ CC 9-2 JavaScript ..................................................................... CC 9-35
Explain How to Use JavaScript ................................... CC 9-3 Case Study: Add JavaScript to Change
Explain Strategies for Creating and the Font Size of the Café Unlimited
Publishing Websites�������������������������������������� CC 9-3 Home Page ....................................................................CC 9-36
Describe When to Use Static and Summary ���������������������������������������������������������� CC 9-37
Dynamic Websites ........................................................ CC 9-3
Describe the Importance of Responsive Review Questions ����������������������������������������� CC 9-40
Design ................................................................................ CC 9-4 Discussion Questions �������������������������������������CC 9-41
Describe Tools for Creating Websites ...................... CC 9-5
Text Editors and IDEs ..................................................... CC 9-7 Critical Thinking Activities ���������������������������CC 9-41
Host and Publish a Website ......................................... CC 9-8 Key Terms �������������������������������������������������������� CC 9-42
Manage Websites Using Analytics
and Data Tools������������������������������������������������ CC 9-9 Module 10: Networking
Use Analytics Tools and Track Website Module Objective: Describe the role of networks in a
Usage ............................................................................... CC 9-10 technologically advancing world.
Leverage XML to Update and Structure Explore Key Features of Connected
Data ................................................................................. CC 9-10 Networks ��������������������������������������������������������CC 10-2
Code and Publish a Website ������������������������CC 9-12 Explain How a Network Operates ........................... CC 10-2
Describe Steps Involved when Coding Define the Elements of a Connected
and Publishing a Website .......................................... CC 9-12 Network........................................................................... CC 10-2
Code a Website................................................................CC 9-13 Identify the Devices Necessary to Create a
Case Study: Create a Website for Café Network........................................................................... CC 10-4
Unlimited .........................................................................CC 9-14 Explain the Physical Connections Between
Add Titles, Headings, Paragraphs, and Networks and Network Parts.................................. CC 10-4
Line Breaks .....................................................................CC 9-16 Explain the Differences Between Various
Case Study: Add a Title, Headings, Types of Networks .......................................................CC 10-7
Paragraphs, and Line Breaks to the Café Discuss Issues of Network Safety
Unlimited Home Page ................................................. CC 9-17 and Neutrality in a Connected
Add Images ....................................................................... CC 9-18 World ��������������������������������������������������������������� CC 10-7
Case Study: Add a Banner and Images Identify the Risks and Benefits Associated
to the Café Unlimited Website ................................ CC 9-19 with Using a Connected Network ..........................CC 10-7
Add Links ........................................................................... CC 9-21 Explain How Unauthorized Network Use
Describe When to Use Absolute Threatens Communication
References and Relative References.................... CC 9-22 Technology .................................................................... CC 10-9
Case Study: Add Links to the Café Unlimited Explain How to Secure a Network ..........................CC 10-10
Website ........................................................................... CC 9-22 Secure Data Stored on a Network ........................... CC 10-11
Add Unordered and Ordered Lists ..........................CC 9-24 Explain How to Encrypt a Network........................ CC 10-12
Case Study: Add Unordered Lists to the Explain the Pros and Cons of Net
Café Unlimited Website ............................................ CC 9-24 Neutrality ....................................................................... CC 10-12
Add Multimedia Content to a Webpage ............... CC 9-25
Case Study: Add a Map and a YouTube Connect to Different Types of
Video to the Café Unlimited Website .................. CC 9-26 Networks ������������������������������������������������������ CC 10-13
Check the Validity of Your HTML Code .................CC 9-28 Explain How to Follow Network Standards
Case Study: Validate Your HTML Code and Protocols ............................................................... CC 10-13
for the Café Unlimited Website............................ CC 9-29 Connect Network Devices ......................................... CC 10-15

Contents vii

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Summary ��������������������������������������������������������� CC 10-17 Evaluate Social Media and Social
Networking .....................................................................CC 11-15
Review Questions ����������������������������������������� CC 10-18 Evaluate Social Networking ........................................CC 11-17
Discussion Questions ����������������������������������� CC 10-19 Use and Create Multiple Types of
Critical Thinking Activities ������������������������� CC 10-19 Digital Communication ����������������������������� CC 11-20
Use Digital Communication Following
Key Terms ������������������������������������������������������� CC 10-19 Netiquette Guidelines .............................................. CC 11-20
Use Sharing Economy Networks ........................... CC 11-23
Module 11: Digital Communication Create Digital Communications that
Module Objective: Develop an online presence that Follow Netiquette ......................................................CC 11-27
adheres to standard Internet etiquette guidelines. Attend Video Conferences or Webinars ............. CC 11-28
Explain Digital Communication and Its Summary ���������������������������������������������������������� CC 11-31
Purpose ������������������������������������������������������������ CC 11-2
Common Types of Digital Communication ............CC 11-3 Review Questions ������������������������������������������ CC 11-31
Define Types of Blogs, Social Networks,
Discussion Questions ����������������������������������� CC 11-31
and Wikis .......................................................................... CC 11-8
Types of Social Networks ........................................... CC 11-10 Critical Thinking Activities ������������������������� CC 11-32
Evaluate the Impact of Digital Key Terms ������������������������������������������������������� CC 11-32
Communication on Everyday Life ����������� CC 11-12
The Significance of Email.............................................CC 11-12 References ������������������������������������������������������ CC 11-33
Explain the Importance of Netiquette .................. CC 11-14 Index�����������������������������������������������������������������CC IND-1

viii Contents

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Introduction to
Technology for Success:
Computer Concepts
You probably use technology dozens of times a day on your phone,
computer, and other digital devices to keep in touch with friends and
family, research and complete school assignments, shop, and entertain
yourself. Even though you use technology every day, understanding how
that technology works and how it can work for you will give you the
edge you want as you pursue your education and career.
Technology for Success: Computer Concepts will explain the What,
Why, and How of technology as it relates to your life, so you can unlock
the door to success in the workplace, at home, and at school. It also
provides increased skills and safety with the digital devices you use.
Technology for Success: Computer Concepts will help you master the
computer concepts you need to impress at your dream job interview in
this age of digital transformation.
Key Featur es
Based on extensive research and feedback from students today,
it has been found that students absorb information more easily if the
topics are broken down into smaller lessons that are clearly related to
their lives. With this in mind, and to ensure a deeper understanding
of technology in the real world, Technology for Success: Computer
Concepts uses the following approach to helping you understand and
apply its contents:
• Headingsdistill key takeaways to help learners understand the big
picture and serve as the building blocks of the module designed to
help you achieve mastery.
• Rev iew Que stions
help you test your understanding of each topic.

• Discus sion Que stions

and Critical Thinking Activ help
ities you apply
your understanding of the module to the real world.
• Key Terms
list highlights terms you should know to master the
module content.

Introduction to Technology for Success: Computer Concepts CC I-1

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Digital Learning Ex perience
The online learning experience includes hands-on trainings, videos that
cover the more difficult concepts, and critical thinking challenges that
encourage you to problem-solve in a real-world scenario. Technology for
Success: Computer Concepts is designed to help you build foundational
knowledge and integrate it into your daily life with interactive
experiences in the MindTap and SAM platforms.
• Readingscover focused, concrete content designed to reinforce
learning objectives.
• Videoscomplement the reading to reinforce the most difficult
concepts.
• Critical Thinking Challengesplace you in real-world scenarios to
practice your problem-solving and decision-making skills.
• SAM Trainingsare comprised of brief, skills-based videos which are
each followed by an assessment. SAM trainings are designed to give
you concrete experience with specific technology skills.
• Modul e Ex amsassess your understanding of how the learning
objectives connect and build on one another.
• In The New s RSS Feeds share the latest technology news to help you
understand its impact on our daily lives, the economy, and society.
RSS Feeds are currently only available to MindTap users.

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Impact of Digital
MODULE

Technology 1
Fatima looks
her best for her
profile picture.

By submitting her Fatima has connected

resume online Fatima her professional
is practicing green social media account
computing. to both her laptop
and smartphone.

KimSongsak/[Link]

Fatima Aktar is finishing her degree in social media marketing. Du ring her time at school
she has learned a“ou t how to u se technology for produ ctiv ity , and specifically how to
u se technology in social media marketing. Fatima recently v isited her school’ s career
cou nseling center and receiv ed a list of tips to u se technology to find an entry -lev el jo“
in her field. She w ill u se the technology w ith w hich she is familiar to search for openings,
research the companies, schedu le and keep track of interv iew s, and create a professional
online presence.

•Explain the evolution of society’

s reliance on •Explain the role of technology in the
technology professional world
Module
In This

•Develop personal uses for technology to help

with productivity, learning, and future growth

Module 1: Impact of Digital Technology CC 1-1

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 IN THE COURSE of a day you might use technology to complete
assignments, watch a streaming video, flip through news head-
lines, search for directions, make a dinner reservation, or buy
something online. At school, at home, and at work, technology
plays a vital role in your activities.
In this module, you will learn how technology has developed
over time, explore the ways technology impacts our daily home
and work lives, and discover how to choose and prepare for a
career in technology.

Ex plain Society’ s Reliance on Technology

Over the last quarter century, technology has revolutionized our lives. Because of advances
in technology you can more quickly and effectively than ever before access, search for, and
share information. You can manage your finances, calendars, and tasks. You can play games
and watch videos on your phone or computer for entertainment and relaxation. Digital
literacy (also called computer literacy) involves having a current knowledge and under-
standing of computers, mobile devices, the web, and related technologies. Being digitally
literate is essential for acquiring a job, using and contributing to global communications,
and participating effectively in the international community.
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in
its own memory, that can accept data, process the data to produce information, and store the
information for future use. Data is raw facts, such as text or numbers. A computer includes
hardware and software. Hardware is the device itself and its components, such as wires, cases,
switches, and electronic circuits. Software consists of the programs and apps that instruct
the computer to perform tasks. Software processes data into meaningful information.

Outline the History of Computers

People have relied on tools and machines to count and manipulate numbers for thousands
of years. These tools and technologies have evolved from the abacus in ancient times, to the
first computing machines in the nineteenth century, to today’s powerful handheld devices
such as smartphones and tablets.
The first generation of computers used vacuum tubes (Figure 1-1), cylindrical glass
tubes that controlled the flow of electrons. The ENIAC and UNIVAC are examples of
these expensive machines. Their use and availability were limited due to their large size,
the amount of power they consumed, the heat they
generated, and how quickly they wore out.
Figure 1-1: E l e c t r o n i c di gi t a l c o m put e r w i t h v a c u u m t u be The
s next generation of computers replaced vacuum
tubes with transistors , which were smaller, cheaper,
and more reliable. These computers contained many
components still in use today, including tape and
disk storage, memory, operating systems, and stored
programs.
In the 1960s, computer engineers developed
integrated circuits , which packed the equivalent of

thousands of vacuum tubes or transistors into a silicon

chip about the size of your thumb. In 1971, Ted Hoff
and a team of engineers at Intel and IBM introduced
emkaplin/[Link]

the microprocessor. A microprocessor is the brains

of a computer, a chip that contains a central processing
unit. Microprocessors were even faster, smaller, and less
expensive than integrated circuits. Today, microproces-
sors are often called processors for short.

CC 1-2 Module 1: Impact of Digital Technology

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Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 In the 1970s and 1980s, computers meant for personal use started Figure 1-2: A ppl e I I c o m put e r
to gain popularity. In 1978, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak of Apple
Computer Corporation introduced the Apple II ( Figure 1-2), a
preassembled computer with color graphics and popular spread-
sheet software called VisiCalc.
IBM followed Apple’s lead in 1981, introducing its personal
computer (PC). Other manufacturers also started making similar
machines, and the market grew. Since 1981, the number of PCs in
use has grown to the billions. However, many people today use tablets
and smartphones in addition to or instead of PCs.
Today’s computers have evolved into connected devices that can share
data using the Internet or wireless networks. They are smaller, faster,
and have far greater capabilities than previous computers. In fact, your
smartphone probably has more computing power than the computer

Anton_Iv anov /[Link]

that guided the Apollo mission to the moon in 1969!

Explain the Impact of the Internet

of Things and Embedded Computers
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an environment where processors
are embedded in every product imaginable (things), and these
things communicate with one another via the Internet or wireless
networks. Alarm clocks, coffeemakers, thermostats, streetlights, navigation systems, and
much more are enhanced by the growth of IoT. IoT-enabled devices often are referred to
as smart devices (Figure 1-3) because of their ability to communicate, locate, and predict.
Smart devices often have associated apps to control and interact with them.

Figure 1-3: S m a r t de v i c e s u s e I o T t o c o n t r o l h o m e f u n c t i o on ss t, as tu c h a s a t h e r m

Andrey _Popov /[Link]

The basic premise of IoT is that objects can be tagged, tracked, and monitored through
a local network or across the Internet. Communication technologies such as Bluetooth,
RFID tags, near-field communications (NFC), and sensors have become readily available,
more powerful, and less expensive. Sensors and tags can transmit data to a server on the
Internet over a wireless network at frequent intervals for analysis and storage.
Developments in Big Data have made it possible to efficiently access, store, and process
the mountain of data reported by sensors. Mobile service providers offer connectivity to a
variety of devices so that transmitting and receiving data can take place quickly.

Module 1: Impact of Digital Technology CC 1-3

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 An embedded computer is a computer that functions as one component in a larger prod-
uct, and which has a specific purpose. Embedded computers usually are small and have
limited hardware on their own but enhance the capabilities of everyday devices. Embed-
ded computers perform a specific function based on the requirements of the product in
which they reside. For example, an embedded computer in a printer monitors the ink lev-
els, detects paper jams, and determines if the printer is out of paper.
Embedded computers are everywhere. This technology enables computers and devices
to connect with one another over the Internet using IoT. You encounter examples of
embedded computers multiple times a day, perhaps without being aware of it.
Today’s vehicles have many embedded computers. These enable you to use a camera to
guide you when backing up, warn you if a vehicle or object is in your blind spot, or alert
you to unsafe road conditions. Recently, all new cars were required to include backup cam-
eras and electronic stability control, which can assist with steering the car in case of skid-
ding. All of this technology is intended to make driving safer (Figure 1-4).

Figure 1-4: S o m e o f t h e e m b e dde d c o m put e r s de s i gne d t o i m pr o vd e pe s ar f eo tr ym , sa en cc ue r ii nt y t ,o a dan y ’ s v e h i c l e s

Smartphone apps, such as the OnStar RemoteLink app shown
here, remotely start the engine, unlock doors, stream music
Nir Lev y /[Link]; Santiago Cornejo/[Link]; Zapp2Photo/[Link]; Kenneth-Cheung/

through the vehicle’s sound system, display driving directions,

and more.
[Link]; Marcin Laska/[Link]; pagadesign/[Link]; Source: OnStar, LLC

Adaptive cruise control systems detect if vehicles in

front of you are too close and, if necessary, adjust
the vehicle’s throttle, may apply brakes, and/or
sound an alarm.
Cars equipped with wireless communications capabilities,
called telematics, include features such as navigation
systems, remote diagnosis
and alerts, and Internet access.

Tire pressure monitoring systems send

warning signals if tire pressure is insufficient.

Advanced airbag systems have crash-severity

sensors that determine the appropriate level to
inflate the airbag, reducing the chance of
airbag injury in low-speed accidents. Electronic stability control automatically Drive-by-wire systems sense pressure on the gas pedal and
applies brakes, and may reduce engine communicate electronically to the engine how much and
power, when you lose control of steering or how fast to accelerate.
traction.

Critics of in-vehicle technology claim that it can provide drivers with a false sense of
security. If you rely on a sensor while backing up, parking, or changing lanes, you may miss
other obstructions that can cause a crash. Reliance on electronic stability control may cause
you to drive faster than conditions allow, or to pay less attention to the distance between
your vehicle and others.

ATMs and Kiosks

Automated teller machines (ATMs) are one of the more familiar uses of IoT. You can use
your ATM card to withdraw cash, deposit checks, and interact with your bank accounts.
Recent innovations are improving card security, such as chip-and-pin technology that
stores data on an embedded chip instead of a magnetic stripe.
ATMs are a type of kiosk. A kiosk is a freestanding booth usually placed in a public area
that can contain a display device used to show information to the public or event attendees.

CC 1-4 Module 1: Impact of Digital Technology

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Kiosks enable self-service transactions in hotels and airports, for example, to enable users
to check in for a flight or room. Healthcare providers also use kiosks for patients to check
in and enter information, such as their insurance card number.

IoT at Home
IoT enables you to manage devices remotely in your home, such as to start the washing
machine at a certain time, view potential intruders via a webcam, or adjust the room tem-
perature. Personal IoT uses include wearable fitness trackers that record and send data to
your smartphone or computer about your exercise activity, the number of steps you take in
a day, and your heart rate.
Figure 1-5 shows an example of how IoT can help manage your daily tasks.

Figure 1-5: I o T -e n a bl e d de v i c e s c a n h e l p y o u w i t h da i l y t a s hk os ppi

s u c nh g a s gr o c e r y s

Refrigerator Refrigerator sends Refrigerator adds Phone determines Phone sends store
detects a text to your buy milk’ to your the closest grocery address to your
milk is low phone that you scheduling app store with the vehicle’s
need milk lowest milk navigation
price system

IoT continues to advance its capabilities, and can help you maintain a secure, energy-
efficient, connected, voice-activated, remotely accessible home.

IoT in Business
All businesses and areas of business can take advantage of IoT. Manufacturing can use sen-
sors to monitor processes and increase quality of finished goods (Figure 1-6). Retail can use
sensors to track inventory or send coupons to customers’ phones while they shop. Shipping
companies can track mileage and location of their trucks and monitor driving times to
ensure the safety of their drivers.

Figure 1-6: M a n u f a c t u r e r s c a n u s e a t a bl e t t o c o n t r o l a r o bo t ic a r m Zapp2Photo/[Link]

Module 1: Impact of Digital Technology CC 1-5

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
The text on this page is estimated to be only 28.05%
accurate

DOOK I. 1NNAMORATO. 29 thoughts he lights upon Argalia

; who, having followed his sister, had dismounted, and was also
sleeping under a tree. Ferrau unties the sleeper's horse, and drives
him into the thicket. His adversary's means of escape thus
intercepted, he watches till the sleeping man should wake ; nor is
his patience put to a long trial. Argalia soon opens his eyes, and is in
great distress at finding his horse gone; but Ferrau, who is as quickly
on his feet, tells him not to think of his loss ; as one of them must
not quit the place alive, and his own horse will remain the prize of
the survivor. The two warriors now again engage in battle, and
closing, Ferrau, through a chink in his armour, strikes Argalia to the
heart. Argalia sinks beneath the blow, and dying entreats his
adversary to have regard to his honor, and cast him and his armour
into the river; that his memory may not be disgraced by the
knowledge of his having been vanquished in enchanted arms.
Ferrau, who compassionates his fate,
The text on this page is estimated to be only 28.49%
accurate

30 THE ORLANDO 1JOOK I. promises compliance, with the

reservation of wearing his helmet till he can provide himself with
another. Argalia consents by a sign, and soon after expires. Ferrau,
who had waited by him till he drew his last sigh, now puts on the
helmet, which he had previously taken from his wounded adversary's
head in order to give him air ; and having razed off the crest, places
it upon his own. He then, with the dead body under his arm, having
remounted his horse, proceeds sadly towards the neighbouring river,
into which he casts Argalia, all armed as he was, conformably to his
dying request. He then pursues his melancholy way through the
wood. This while Orlando had arrived on this theatre of adventures,
and comes suddenly upon Angelica, who is described as sleeping in
act so exquisitely graceful, that he gazes on the vision hi stupid
wonderment, and, at last, to contemplate her more closely, throws
himself down by her side.
The text on this page is estimated to be only 28.57%
accurate

BOOK I. INNAMORATO. 31 Ferrau arrives at this juncture,

and supposing Orlando, whom he had not recognized, to be
Angelica's guard, insults and defies him. The paladin starts up and
declares himself; when Ferrau, though somewhat surprized, making
a virtue of necessity, stands to his arms. A desperate duel follows :
during this Angelica wakes and flies : Orlando proposes a truce to
his adversary, that he may follow her ; but Ferrau, whose courage
was now up, tells him she shall be the prize of the conqueror, and
refuses. The battle is therefore renewed with more fury than before.
The author here exclaims : — Gifted with odd half lights, I often
wonder How I should think of love ; if well or ill. For whether 'tis a
thing above, or under The rule of reason, foils my little skill; If we go
guided by some god, or blunder Into the snare, which warps our
better will ; If we by line and rule our actions measure, And 'tis a
thing we take or leave at pleasure.
The text on this page is estimated to be only 28.05%
accurate

32 THE ORLANDO BOOK I. When we behold two bulls each

other tear, A cow the cause of strife, with mutual wound, It looks as
if such foolish fury were In nature and controlling instinct found :
But when we see that absence, prudence, care And occupation, can
preserve us sound From such a charm, or, if you will, infection ; Love
seems to be the fruit of pure election. Of this so many men have
sung and told, In Hebrew, Latin, and in heathen Greek, In Egypt,
Athens, and in Rome, of old, Who govern'd by such different
judgments speak, That I can ill decide with whom to hold, And
cannot waste my time the truth to seek. Let it suffice, that Love's a
wayward god : And so heav'n keep us from the tyrant's rod ! The
truth of these reflections the author considers as strikingly
exemplified by the combat between the champions, which is
The text on this page is estimated to be only 28.53%
accurate

BOOK I. INNAMORATO. 33 interrupted by the appearance

of a strange damsel upon a panting palfrey, who clamours eagerly
for Ferrau. She, perceiving him, entreats Orlando to forbear his
blows ; which he immediately does upon the damsel's request.
Addressing herself to the paynim, she informs him that she is his
relation Flordespina, and dispatched in search of him, to say that
Gradasso king of Sericane, a fiend incarnate, has invaded the
Spanish dominions; that king Falsiron is taken, Valencia ravaged,
Arragon destroyed, and Barcelona besieged ; that poor Marsilius is
broken down by so many calamities, and that his last hopes rest on
him, in pursuit of whom she was wandering. Ferrau balances for a
moment between love and duty, but at length determines to
suspend his combat, with the permission of Orlando, who agrees to
the proposal, and who himself follows Angelica. Ferrau, on the other
hand, departs with Flordespina for Spain. The
The text on this page is estimated to be only 28.67%
accurate

34- THE ORLANDO BOOK I. author here leaves each to

pursue his separate quest, and returns to Charles. This monarch
calls a council in consequence of intelligence received, which was
similar to that brought by Flordespina to Ferrau. He observes in this
council, that Marsilius is his neighbour and relation, and is yet more
entitled to succour from a consideration of common danger; and in
consequence, with the consent of his peers, dispatches Rinaldo with
a great charge of men at arms against Gradasso, who had crossed
the streights of Gibraltar into Spain. He at the same time constitutes
Rinaldo lieutenant of his southern provinces, who departs for the
seat of war ; and all the knights present at the tournament assemble
under his banner. His coming, as well as that of Ferrau, (now
arrived) is highly gratifying to Marsilius, who had sheltered himself in
Gerona. The greatest part of Spain (as stated) had been already
sacked, and all the Spanish warriors (with the exception of
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BOOK I. INNAMORATO. 35 Ferrau) who had returned to the

defence of their country, were killed, or prisoners. Even the giant-
king, Grandonio, who we lately saw braving Charlemagne and all his
peerage, had sought refuge in Barcelona. Marsilius, on the arrival of
the French succours, now marches to his relief. The banners of the
allied army are no sooner distinguished by Gradasso, where he lay
camped, and served by giant-kings, than he issues extravagant
orders to his various vassals. Four of these he dispatches with their
followers against Barcelona, with orders not leave a soul alive in that
city, with the exception of Grandonio, whom he wishes (as he says)
to take alive, that he may bait him with his dogs. Others are sent
forth, with orders to take or destroy the most distinguished amongst
the captains of the confederates. This last command is given to
Faraldo, king of Arabia, who is enjoined to bring him Rinaldo and the
banner of CharleD 2
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36 THE ORLANDO BOOK I. magne, which, it seems, was

also one of the principal objects of his expedition. The battle now
rages in the field, and within the city of Barcelona, in which the army
of Gradasso had previously made lodgements. While the warfare
within the town is still doubtful, the bands dispatched against the
confederates under Rinaldo, are, after a long contest, defeated; and
one of the surviving giantkings reports their discomfiture to
Gradasso, who immediately arms and goes forth against the
conquerors. His first object of attack is Rinaldo ; but Bayardo,
startled by the appearance of the Alfana, a monstrous mare, on
which Gradasso rode, made a leap of twenty feet into the air, and
thus evaded the charge. Gradasso, though somewhat surprized,
gallops on, and unhorses many of the best amongst the
confederates, who are immediately taken and bound by Alfrera, one
of his giant-kings, who serves him as a lacquey.
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BOOK I. INNAMORATO. 37 Rinaldo now wheels Bayardo

round, and spurs him at Gradasso ; and both charge with such fury,
that the Alfana and Bayardo crumble under their riders, who,
however, preserve then" seats. Gradasso, who first recollects himself,
gives immediate orders to Alfrera, who was following him upon a
camelopard, to secure Rinaldo and his horse; and according to his
practice, himself follows up the pursuit of the confederates. Alfrera
has,, however, a more difficult task assigned him than Gradasso had
imagined; for Bayardo, having regained his feet, bears away his
rider, who was not yet himself. The paladin, however, waking from
his short stupor, rides again hi chase of Gradasso, himself pursued in
vain by the giant Alfrera. Rinaldo charges Gradasso just as he has
unhorsed his brother Alardo, and discharges a furious stroke upon
his head. Gradasso repays the greeting in a way that would have
ended D 3
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38 THE ORLANDO BOOK I. the strife, but for Mambrino's

helmet, which saved the knight from any worse evil than a
concussion of the brain ; while Bayardo again galloped away with
him in a state of half stupefaction. Recovering himself a second
time, and full of shame and fury, he returns to seek Gradasso, and
the combat is renewed with more equality than was promised by its
commencement; Rinaldo, counterbalancing the strength of his
opposite, by his own superior dexterity, and the quickness and
docility of Bayardo. The combatants are, however, separated, and
borne asunder by the tide of battle. After different adventures, they
yet again meet, when Gradasso observing that Rinaldo is surrounded
by the troops of Sericane, courteously proposes that their duel
should be deferred till the succeeding day, to be fought under the
following conditions, by both combatants on foot : " If Rinaldo
conquers, he is to have back all the prisoners made by Gradasso ;
and if Gradasso
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BOOK I. IXNAMORATO. 39 wins the day, he is to have

Bayardo for his prize ; but is in either case to return home, and
never more set foot in Europe." Rinaldo willingly accedes to this, and
a place is fixed on, near the sea, for the combat, to which both are
to come, with no other than defensive armour and their swords. But
the author, while the barriers are preparing, returns to Angelica,
who, being returned to India, determines on setting Malagigi at
liberty, and making him her mediator with the disdainful knight. She
accordingly frees him from his dungeon, unlocks his fetters with her
own hand, and bids him hi return to unloosen her own. She then
returns him his book, explains herself more precisely, and promises
him final liberty, on condition of his bringing back Rinaldo. Malagigi
calls up a demon with the aid of his book, mounts him and departs.
He is entertained, during his journey, with a relation of Gradasso's
enterprise, by the devil; who told D 4
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4-0 THE ORLANDO BOOK I. him, as the author observes, "

all that had chanced, and indeed more, which was so much the
easier, in that he lied." Malagigi arrived at his destination, finds
Rinaldo rejoiced to see him, but immoveable on the subject of
Angelica; and hence, after many fruitless endeavours, vanishes with
a threat. Having reached a spot convenient for his incantations, he
opens his book, calls up a legion of demons, and from these, selects
Draghinazzo and Falsetta. The latter is -bid to take the appearance
of one of king Marsilius's heralds, the coat of arms and battoon ; and
thus equipped, to inform Gradasso that Rinaldo expects to meet him
at mid-day. Gradasso accepts the invitation, and gifts the false
herald with a cup. The same devil, again transformed, comes now to
Rinaldo, as if from Gradasso, but with a very different appearance.
He has a turban on his head, wears a flowing robe, and has rings in
his ears, instead of on his fingers. His
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BOOK I. 1NNAMORATO. 41 object is to remind Rinaldo, on

the part of Gradasso, to meet him in the morning, which had been
the time previously stipulated. Thus each, on the supposed invitation
of the other, prepares for a different appointment. — Rinaldo
necessarily is first at the place, but sees nothing but a Small pinnace
anchor'd by the shore. He, however, immediately after, descries a
figure on the beach, in the garb and guise of Gradasso, but which
was, in reality, no other than one of the fiends, Draghinazzo, evoked
by Malagigi, and thus transmogrified. The combat immediately
begins; and Rinaldo, after some blows given and taken, making a
desperate twohanded stroke at the supposed Gradasso, buries his
sword Fusberta in the sand. The devil avails himself of the
opportunity to escape, flies to the boat, and is putting off. Rinaldo,
however,
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42 THE ORLANDO BOOK I. follows him into his barque, and

deals a blow at him, but the demon leaps from prow to poop :
Rinaldo chas'd him back from poop to prow, The sword Fusberta
flaming in his hand ; But he from side to side, from stern to bow,
Flits, while the barque is drifting from the land. Rinaldo marks it not
; who thought but how To reach the foe with his avenging brand ;
Nor from his long day-dream of vengeance woke, Till the false fiend
was melted into smoke. Yet the paladin will not give over his hopes
of finding him, and renews a fruitless search above and below. In
the meantime, the barque is seven miles from shore, and Rinaldo
observes, too late, that she is scudding, self-steered, before the
wind. The vessel at length takes the ground near a beautiful garden,
and Rinaldo lands in front
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BOOK I. INNAMORATO. 43 of a palace, worthy of its

grounds. — Here, says the author, I leave him, with less
compunction, as he is in good quarters, and proceed in pursuit of
Orlando, who, having wandered as far as the Tanais, in search of
Angelica, meets an old man weeping the loss of his son, who had
been taken prisoner by a giant. The paladin delivers the youth, and
the old man, in gratitude, presents him with a book, which is
capable (he says) of resolving the questions of any one who consults
it. Instructed by this book, he seeks a sphynx, who appears to have
been a yet better resolver of doubts, hi order to obtain information
of the dwelling-place of Angelica. The monster tells him, that this is
in Albracca of Catay. In the meantime the sphinx has her question
for the interrogator, which it is death not to interpret; and plies
Orlando with the riddle, solved by CEdipus. Orlando, with intent to
cut the knot which he cannot untie, draws Durindana, attacks the
monster
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44 THE ORLANDO BOOK I. sword in hand, and at length

slays and tumbles her from the rock on which she made her abode.
He has now leisure to look in his book for the solution of the
sphynx's enigma; and finds that her question of " What animal "
begins his career upon four legs, after a time " continues it on two,
and ends it upon three ?" means Man; designating thus the child
who crawls, the man who walks, and the old man who supports
himself with a stick. Having cleared up this point, he pursues his way
still poring upon the book, and soon arrives at a river dark, deep,
and dangerous, whose precipitous banks afford no means of
passage. Orlando rides along the shore till he comes to a bridge,
where he dismounts. This is kept by a giant, who tells him that he
who arrives at that bridge, which is justly named the Bridge of
Death, has little while to live ; for that all the roads which lead from
it wind back to that fatal water, into which either he or Orlando
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BOOK I. INNAMORATO. 45 must soon be plunged never to

rise again. Orlando, however, who seems little impressed by this
warning, springs upon the bridge, and attacks him. A desperate
combat now ensues, but with the usual issue. The giant is slain. He,
however, in falling, springs a clap-net of iron, which closing on the
paladin, beats his sword out of his hand, and envelopes him in its
folds. As he lies helpless in this trap, a friar arrives, who, after vain
attempts to release him, offers him spiritual consolation, which is ill
received : but the friar, having the sinner at his mercy, continues to
inculcate it ; and in illustration of the powers of a protecting
Providence informs him of a late miraculous escape of his own. He
was travelling with certain of his brothers, when they were surprised
by a horrible cyclops, who made a feast on one of his companions,
but cast him from a rock, as worthless carrion ; when he luckily
lighted amongst the branches of a tree, where he lay
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46 THE ORLANDO HOOK 1. concealed till evening, and then

effected his escape. He is yet engaged in his narration, when he
breaks off with a scream and flies. His sudden terror was produced
by the sight of the very Cyclops of whom he spoke, who came
armed with a club and three darts. He, however, instead of pursuing
the friar, stops to consider Orlando. He then takes up Durindana,
which lies near, and hews the chain-net in pieces, without injury to
the count, whose skin was enchanted. Orlando instantly starts up,
his bones aching with the blows, which had not been able to
penetrate his flesh ; and seizing the giant's club, they, having thus
exchanged weapons, engage in a desperate and equal combat. For if
Orlando's skin was invulnerable, the giant's armour, which was made
of griffins' claws, was equally impenetrable. At length Orlando
bethinks him of the three shafts, which the giant had laid down,
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BOOK I. INNAMORATO. 4-7 as well as his club, when he

possessed himself of Durindana. Seizing these, and launching one of
them at his single eye, it penetrates his brain and stretches him
dead. At this juncture the friar, who yet trembles with fear as well as
joy, reappears, and entreats Orlando to accompany him towards the
dead cyclops* den, for the purpose of liberating his companions.
This done, Orlando rides on ; when, arriving at a place where many
roads cross, he meets a courier, and asking him news, learns that he
is dispatched by Angelica, to solicit the aid of Sacripant, king of
Circassia, in favour of her father, Galaphron, besieged by Agrican,
emperor of Tartary, in Albracca. This Agrican had been an
unsuccessful suitor to the damsel, whom he now pursues with arms.
Orlando, who learns that he is within a day's journey of Albracca,
now thinks that he is secure of Angelica, and proceeds with rapture
towards her seat.
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48 THE ORLANDO BOOK I. Thus journeying, he arrives at a

bridge which united two mountains, and under which ran a foaming
river. Here a damsel meets him with a goblet, and informs him, with
much grace of demeanor, that it is the usage of the bridge to
present the traveller with a cup, which she offers to Orlando, and
which the paladin, in courtesy, drains. He has, however, no sooner
swallowed the julep which sparkles in it, than his brain dances, and
he is no longer conscious of the object of his journey, or even of his
own existence. Under the influence of this fascination, he follows the
damsel into a magnificent and marvellous palace. Here the author
leaves the count to return to Gradasso, who, deceived by the false
herald that appointed him to meet Rinaldo upon the sea-shore at
noon, in vain expects his arrival. He waits there till night, when he
retires full of indignation at the supposed cowardice of his opponent.
In the meantime, Ricciardetto
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BOOK I. INNAMORATO. 49 (who had been left by his

brother, Rinaldo, in charge of Charlemagne's army), on the paladin's
departure for the false appointment according to the instructions he
had received, in case of his not returning in a given time, withdraws
Charles's forces from Marsilius's camp, and returns to France. Gano
immediately cries out upon Rinaldo's treason, and all is dismay. On
the other part, Marsilius, thus deserted, has no means of safety, but
in making peace with Gradasso, and consenting to hold Spain as his
liegeman. In consequence of his so doing, Gradasso, strengthened
by the accession of Marsilius, with Grandonio and his other vassal
kings, marches upon Paris. Charlemagne, with all his peerage, sallies
to encounter him ; but his army experiences a disastrous rout, and
he, with almost all his paladins, is captured; while Paris is
immediately invested by the invaders. Gradasso, however, does not
abuse his vicE
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50 THE ORLANDO BOOK I. tory : he takes Charles by the

hand, seats him by his side, and tells him he wars only for honour.
Hence he renounces all conquests, but insists on the monarch
promising him Bayardo and Durindana, both the property of his
vassals, the first of which, as he maintained, was already forfeited
by the treason of Rinaldo. To this ; Charlemagne and his peers in
acknowledgment of their defeat, were to remain his prisoners for a
day : Bayardo, who had been brought back by Ricciardetto, was to
be forthwith delivered up, and Durindana consigned to Gradasso in
Sericana, upon the return of Orlando to France. To these terms
Charlemagne readily accedes, and sends for the horse to Paris. Here,
Astolpho had assumed the command, having obtained his freedom
during the confusion, which followed upon the rout of Charlemagne's
army, and asserted an authority which, in the absence of the other
peers, there was no one to dispute.
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BOOK I. INNAMORATO. 51 He receives with great

indignation the messenger dispatched for Bayardo, and throws him
into prison ; answering the embassy by a herald, who says, on the
part of Astolpho, " that Charles has no right in the steed ; but that
Gradasso may come and fight for him ; in which case he will meet
him in the field." The next day the two knights encounter, having
previously established the conditions of their combat. The enchanted
lance performs a new wonder ; and Gradasso, the terrible Gradasso,
is unhorsed. According to their previous agreement, Gradasso is to
give up his prisoners, and return to his kingdom of Sericana.
Astolpho, however, begs him not to spoil a jest which he wishes to
put upon Charlemagne and his paladins, by making them believe
that the issue of the duel had been different from what it was, and
that they, therefore, (in consequence of the first proffer of Gradasso
not having been acceded to,) were still the priE 2
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52 THE ORLANDO BOOK I. soners of that sovereign. When

Astolpho has sufficiently bantered both king, count, and bishop (for
Turpin was amongst the captives, and one of the objects of his
raillery), he falls upon his knees, begs pardon of Charles for his
irreverence, and observes, that as he is ill looked upon in his court,
he will leave the field to Gano, and set out on the morrow in search
of his cousins Orlando and Rinaldo. Having said this, Charles and his
peers are freed, and Gano is getting into his saddle ; when he is
brought back by Astolpho, who observes, that he only gives him his
liberty, (since the disposal of all is at his option,) on condition of his
swearing before Charles, to constitute himself his prisoner for four
days, whenever he should enjoin it. Charles undertakes for his
compliance with such a requisition, and seeks to detain Astolpho
with the bribe of Ireland ; but the duke is inflexible, and departs.
Gradasso also returns into Sericana. The author now returns to
Rinaldo, who was landed by the self-piloted boat in what was,
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BOOK I. INNAMORATO. 53 it seems, denominated The

Joyous Garden. He is scarcely disembarked, before a lady appears,
who takes him by the hand, and conducts him into a palace, where
he is served by attendant damsels, with everjr sort of luxury and
magnificence. At last, the chief of the servants tells him, that all this
is his which he surveys, being the present of a lady, who, to have his
love, has brought him out of Spain. While Rinaldo stands lost in
astonishment, the name of Angelica, who is proclaimed by this man
to be the mistress of the palace, breaks the charm, and he flies in
fury through the garden, till, arriving at the landing-place, he leaps
again into his pinnace. The bark, however, remains immoveable, and
he is about to cast himself into the sea in despair, when it darts from
the shore and traverses the waves. Arrived on the banks of a well-
wooded country, it again takes the land; and Rinaldo disembarking,
encounters a hoary and aged man
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.r)i TUK ORLANDO BOOK 1. upon the beach, who has a

melancholy story for the paladin, of a ravisher who had that moment
carried away his daughter. Pursuing the* thief) Rinaldo falls into a
pit-fall, and is carried away prisoner by a giant ; who bears him to a
castle, situate^ upon a promontory, the walls of which were covered
with maimed bodies and heads, some of which yet quivered with the
remains of life. The giant, entering the building, casts Rinaldo down
before an old woman of stern and forbidding appearance ; who thus
addresses him: — " Haply, Sir Knight, thou hast not heard display "
Our castle's use," exclaims the beldame old ; " In the short time
thou hast to live, — a day " Is yet thine own, — the story shall be
told : " Then listen to the legend, whilst thou may, " And I the
melancholy tale unfold. " Thou in that space may'st hear the tale of
sorrow, ' ,-. " And witness to its truth in blood to-morrow."
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BOOK I. INNAMORATO. 55 She pursues her story * thus : "

Know, Sir Stranger, that this castle was formerly held by a 'rich lord,
famous for his magnificence j° and hospitality, and yet more so, for
the incomparable beauty of the lady whom he had to wife. This
castellan was hight Gryphon, his castle Altaripa, and Stella was the
name of his wife. It was his favourite pleasure to disport himself in
the green-wood near the shore, where thou arrived'st this morning,
and roving one day through this, he heard the hunting-horn of a
stranger, whom he invited to his castle. The guest was Marchino,
lord of Aronda, and my husband ; who was so smitten * I have
thought it the duty of a translator, to preserve this story j but I
would say to my readers, in the Words of Ariosto, — Lasciate questo
canto, che senz' esso „ - • Pub star 1* istoria, e non sara men*
chiara. Mettendolo Turpino, anch' io 1* ho messo. Leave out tkit
canto / tince the tale will tell Without it, and the ttory it at dear:
Which, totdby Turpin, I relate a» welt. .
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56 THE ORLANDO BOOK I. by the beauty of Stella, that he

could not rest till he had made her his own. He, however, dissembled
his evil intentions, and took a friendly leave of his entertainer. This
was only to return, as a treacherous enemy. He, accordingly, bearing
some resemblance to Gryphon, counterfeited his ensigns, and came
back with a party of his retainers, whom he concealed, as well as
those, in the neighbouring wood. He, in the mean time, pursued the
chace unarmed. Gryphon again sought him out, and finding him
apparently distressed by the loss of a hound, joined him in his
search. He was thus decoyed into the ambuscade, and assassinated.
Marchino, having disposed of his rival, entered Altaripa under the
disguise of Gryphon's ensigns, where he did not leave a soul alive,
with the exception of Stella. She, while preserved by the conqueror,
brooded in secret over schemes of vengeance, and after pondering
some time, determined to have re 
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BOOK I. INXAMORATO. 57 course to that animal whose

wrath is the most intolerable, namely, the wife who has been once
loved, and after slighted for another. This was no other than myself,
and the cruelties which I perpetrated, well justified her expectation.
Two children, whom I had by Marchino, I killed and quartered. —
Think upon this : yet know that I still triumph in the recollection of
my vengeance. Their heads only, I preserved: the remainder I
cooked, and served up to the wretched father for his /ti;*S-.^-7 ^
supper. This done, I departed secretly for Tl~* s/Zy ,_ './•>•- 1 *«
L-»_ — ^ the court of the king of Orgagna, who had long been a
wooer to me, without success. Him I stirred up to vengeance against
Marchino, and brought in arms against his newlyacquired castle of
Altaripa, While I was gone on this errand, Stella, with dishevelled
hair, a smile upon her lips, but bitterness in her heart, presented
herself before the murderer of her husband, with the heads of
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58 THE ORLANDO BOOK I. his two children in a charger,

arid disclosed to him the horrid tragedy, at which he had been an
unwitting assistant. The traitor hesitated for a moment, as if
suspended between the desire of lust and vengeance, and then slew
the lady, and satiated both ; nay, as if in outrage of God and man,
pursued his impious loves with the body, till I returned with the king
of Orgagna. After a desperate resistance, we possessed ourselves of
Altaripa, and Marchino, having been made prisoner, perished in such
tortures as he had deserved. The king of Orgagna now departed,
leaving me mistress of the conquered castle, with three giants for
my defence, having first buried the unfortunate Stella, together with
the body of Gryphon, which had been left exposed and subjected to
outrage by the barbarous Marchino. More than eight months had
now passed when a horrid cry was heard from the marble sepulchre,
in which Gryphon and Stella
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