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Version 1: June 2012

ISBN: 978-3-943075-37-3

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Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 2

ABOUT SMASHING MAGAZINE

Smashing Magazine is an online magazine dedicated to Web designers and

developers worldwide. Its rigorous quality control and thorough editorial
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Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 3

About this eBook
When developers push aside CSS to concentrate on JavaScript
performance, they might be overlooking some great applications of CSS.
This eBook CSS Essentials explores some practical implementations of CSS,
including usage of pseudo-elements in CSS, decoupling HTML from CSS,
Modern CSS layouts with equal height columns, taming CSS selectors,
among others. These techniques will help improve both the performance
and maintainability of your Web pages in various browsers.

Table of Contents
Backgrounds In CSS: Everything You Need To Know

The Mystery Of The CSS Float Property

The Z-Index CSS Property: A Comprehensive Look

CSS Sprites: Useful Techniques, Or Potential Nuisance?

Modern CSS Layouts: The Essential Characteristics

Modern CSS Layouts, Part 2: The Essential Techniques

Writing CSS For Others

Decoupling HTML From CSS

CSS Specificity And Inheritance

Equal Height Column Layouts With Borders And Negative Margins In CSS

!important CSS Declarations: How And When To Use Them

CSS Sprites Revisited

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 4

Learning To Use The :before And :after Pseudo-Elements In CSS

Taming Advanced CSS Selectors

Six CSS Layout Features To Look Forward To

About The Authors

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 5

Backgrounds In CSS: Everything You
Need To Know
Michael Martin

Backgrounds are a core part of CSS. They are one of the fundamentals that
you simply need to know. In this article, we will cover the basics of using
CSS backgrounds, including properties such as background-
attachment. We’ll show some common tricks that can be done with the
background as well as what’s in store for backgrounds in CSS 3 (including
four new background properties!).

Working With Backgrounds in CSS 2

OVERVIEW

We have five main background properties to use in CSS 2. They are as

follows:

• background-color: specifies the solid color to fill the background

with.

• background-image: calls an image for the background.

• background-position: specifies where to place the image in the

element’s background.

• background-repeat: determines whether the image is tiled.

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 6

 • background-attachment: determines whether the image scrolls
with the page.

These properties can all be merged into one short-hand property:

background. One important thing to note is that the background accounts
for the contents of the element, including the padding and border. It does
not include an element’s margin. This works as it should in Firefox, Safari
and Opera, and now in IE8. But in IE7 and IE6 the background does not
include the border, as illustrated below.

Background does not extend to the borders in IE7 and IE6.

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 7

BASIC PROPERTIES

Background color
The background-color property fills the background with a solid color.
There are a number of ways to specify the color. The follow commands all
have the same output:

background-color: blue;
background-color: rgb(0, 0, 255);
background-color: #0000ff;

The background-color property can also be set to transparent, which

makes any elements underneath it visible instead.

Background image
The background-image property allows you to specify an image to be
displayed in the background. This can be used in conjunction with
background-color, so if your image is not tiled, then any space that the
image doesn’t cover will be set to the background color. Again, the code is
very simple. Just remember that the path is relative to the style sheet. So, in
the following snippet, the image is in the same directory as the style sheet:

background-image: url(image.jpg);

But if the image was in a sub-folder named images, then it would be:

background-image: url(images/image.jpg);

Background repeat
By default, when you set an image, the image is repeated both horizontally
and vertically until the entire element is filled. This may be what you want,
but sometimes you want an image to be displayed only once or to be tiled in
only one direction. The possible values (and their results) are as follows:

background-repeat: repeat; /* The default value. Will tile

the image in both directions. */

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 8

 background-repeat: no-repeat; /* No tiling. The image will be
used only once. */
background-repeat: repeat-x; /* Tiles horizontally (i.e.
along the x-axis) */
background-repeat: repeat-y; /* Tiles vertically (i.e. along
the y-axis) */
background-repeat: inherit; /* Uses the same background-
repeat property of the element's parent. */

Background position
The background-position property controls where a background
image is located in an element. The trick with background-position is
that you are actually specifying where the top-left corner of the image will be
positioned, relative to the top-left corner of the element.

In the examples below, we have set a background image and are using the
background-position property to control it. We have also set
background-repeat to no-repeat. The measurements are all in pixels.
The first digit is the x-axis position (horizontal) and the second is the y-axis
position (vertical).

/* Example 1: default. */
background-position: 0 0; /* i.e. Top-left corner of element.
*/
/* Example 2: move the image to the right. */
background-position: 75px 0;
/* Example 3: move the image to the left. */
background-position: -75px 0;
/* Example 4: move the image down. */
background-position: 0 100px;

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 9

The image can be set to any position you like.

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 10

The background-position property also works with other values,
keywords and percentages, which can be useful, especially when an
element’s size is not set in pixels.

The keywords are self-explanatory. For the x-axis:

• left

• center

• right

And for the y-axis:

• top

• center

• bottom

Their order is exactly like that of the pixels values, x-axis value first, and y-
axis value second, as so:

background-position: top right;

Percentage values are similar. The thing to remember here is that when you
specify a percentage, the browser sets the part of the image at that
percentage to align with that percentage of the element. This makes more
sense in an example. Let’s say you specify the following:

background-position: 100% 50%;

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 11

This goes 100% of the way across the image (i.e. the very right-hand edge)
and 100% of the way across the element (remember, the starting point is
always the top-left corner), and the two line up there. It then goes 50% of the
way down the image and 50% of the way down the element to line up there.
The result is that the image is aligned to the right of the element and exactly
half-way down it.

The smiley face is aligned as it would be if it was set to right center.

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 12

Background attachment
The background-attachment property determines what happens to an
image when the user scrolls the page. The three available properties are
scroll, fixed and inherit. Inherit simply tells the element to follow
the background-attachment property of its parent.

To understand background-attachment properly, we need to first think

of how the page and view port interact. The view port is the section of your
browser that displays the Web page (think of it like your browser but without
all the toolbars). The view port is set in its position and never moves.

When you scroll down a Web page, the view port does not move. Instead,
the content of the page scrolls upward. This makes it seem as if the view
port is scrolling down the page. Now, when we set background-
attachment:scroll;, we are telling the background that when the element
scrolls, the background must scroll with it. In simpler terms, the background
sticks to the element. This is the default setting for background-
attachment.

Let’s see an example to make it clearer:

background-image: url(test-image.jpg);
background-position: 0 0;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-attachment: scroll;

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 13

As we scroll down the page, the background scrolls up until it disappears.

But when we set the background-attachment to fixed, we are telling

the browser that when the user scrolls down the page, the background
should stay fixed where it is — i.e. not scroll with the content.

Let’s illustrate this with another example:

background-image: url(test-image.jpg);
background-position: 0 100%;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-attachment: fixed;

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 14

We have scrolled down the page here, but the image remains visible.

The important thing to note however is that the background image only
appears in areas where its parent element reaches. Even though the image
is positioned relative to the view port, it will not appear if it’s parent element
is not visible. This can be shown with another example. In this one, we have
aligned the image to the bottom-left of the view port. But only the area of
the image inside the element is visible.

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 15

 background-image: url(test-image.jpg);
background-position: 0 100%;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-attachment: fixed;

Part of the image has been cut off because it begins outside of the element.

The Background Shorthand Property

Instead of writing out all of these rules each time, we can combine them into
a single rule. It takes the following format:

background: <color> <image> <position> <attachment> <repeat>

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 16

For example, the following rules…

background-color: transparent;
background-image: url(image.jpg);
background-position: 50% 0 ;
background-attachment: scroll;
background-repeat: repeat-y;

… could be combined into the following single line:

background: transparent url(image.jpg) 50% 0 scroll repeat-y;

And you don’t have to specify every value. If you leave a property out, its
default value is used instead. For example, the line above has the same
output as:

background: url(image.jpg) 50% 0 repeat-y;

Common Uses Of Backgrounds

Aside from their obvious use of making elements more attractive,
backgrounds can be used for other purposes.

FAUX COLUMNS

When using the CSS property of float to position layout elements, ensuring
that two (or more) columns are the same length can be difficult. If the lengths
are different, then the background of one of the columns will be shorter than
the background of the other, spoiling your design.

Faux columns is a very simple background trick that was first written up on A
List Apart. The idea is simple: instead of applying a separate background for
each column, apply one background image to the parent element of the
columns with that image containing the designs for each column.

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 17

TEXT REPLACEMENT

Our choice of fonts on the Web is very limited. We could get custom fonts by
using tools such as sIFR, but they require users to have JavaScript enabled.
An easier solution that works on any browser is to create an image of the
text in the font you want and use it as the background instead. This way, the
text still appears in the markup for search engines and screen readers, but
browsers will show your preferred font.

For example, your HTML markup could look like this:

<h3 class="blogroll">Blogroll</h3>

If we have a 200 by 75 pixel image of this text in a nicer font, then we could
display that instead using the CSS as follows:

h3.blogroll {
width: 200px;
height: 75px; /* So that the element will show the whole
image. */
background:url(blogroll-text.jpg) 0 0 no-repeat; /* Sets
the background image */
text-indent: -9999px; /* Hides the regular text by moving it
9999 pixels to the left */
}

EASIER BULLET POINTS

Bullet in an unordered list can look clunky. Instead of dealing with all of the
different list-style properties, we can simply hide the bullets and replace
them with a background image. Because the image can be anything you
like, the bullets will look much nicer.

Here, we turn a regular unordered list into one with sleek bullets:

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 18

 ul {
list-style: none; /* Removes default bullets. */
}

ul li {
padding-left: 40px; /* Indents list items, leaving room for
background image on the left. */
background: url(bulletpoint.jpg) 0 0 no-repeat;
}

Backgrounds in CSS 3
CSS 3 has many changes in store for backgrounds. The most obvious is the
option for multiple background images, but it also comes with four new
properties as well as adjustments to current properties.

MULTIPLE BACKGROUND IMAGES

In CSS 3, you will be able to use more than one image for the background of
an element. The code is the same as CSS 2, except you would separate
images with a comma. The first declared image is positioned at the top of
the element, with subsequent images “layered” beneath it, like so:

background-image: url(top-image.jpg), url(middle-image.jpg),

url(bottom-image.jpg);

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 19

NEW PROPERTY: BACKGROUND CLIP

This brings us back to the issue discussed at the beginning of this article,
about backgrounds being shown beneath the border. This is described as
the “background painting area.”

The background-clip property was created to give you more control

over where backgrounds are displayed. The possible values are:

• background-clip: border-box;
backgrounds displayed beneath the border.

• background-clip: padding-box;
backgrounds displayed beneath the padding, not the border.

• background-clip: content-box;
backgrounds displayed only beneath content, not border or padding.

• background-clip: no-clip;
the default value, same as border-box.

NEW PROPERTY: BACKGROUND ORIGIN

This is used in conjunction with background-position. You can have

the background-position calculated from the border, padding or
content boxes (like background-clip).

• background-origin: border-box;
background-position is calculated from the border.

• background-origin: padding-box;
background-position is calculated from the padding box.

• background-origin: content-box;
background-position is calculated from the content.

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 20

A good explanation of the differences between background-clip and
background-origin is available on CSS3.info.

NEW PROPERTY: BACKGROUND SIZE

The background-size property is used to resize your background image.

There are a number of possible values:

• background-size: contain;
scales down image to fit element (maintaining pixel aspect ratio).

• background-size: cover;
expands image to fill element (maintaining pixel aspect ratio).

• background-size: 100px 100px;

scales image to the sizes indicated.

• background-size: 50% 100%;

scales image to the sizes indicated. Percentages are relative to the size
of containing element.

You can read up on some examples of special cases on the CSS 3

specifications website.

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 21

NEW PROPERTY: BACKGROUND BREAK

In CSS 3, elements can be split into separate boxes (e.g. to make an inline
element span across several lines). The background-break property
controls how the background is shown across the different boxes.

The possible values are:

• Background-break: continuous;: the default value. Treats the

boxes as if no space is between them (i.e. as if they are all in one box,
with the background image applied to that).

• Background-break: bounding-box;: takes the space between

boxes into account.

• Background-break: each-box;: treats each box in the element

separately and re-draws the background individually for each one.

CHANGES TO BACKGROUND COLOR

The background-color property has a slight enhancement in CSS 3. In

addition to specifying the background color, you can specify a “fall-back
color” that is used if the bottom-layer background image of the element
cannot be used.

This is done by adding a forward slash before the fall-back color, like so:

background-color: green / blue;

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 22

In this example, the background color would be green. However, if the
bottom-most background image cannot be used, then blue would be shown
instead of green. If you do not specify a color before the slash, then it is
assumed to be transparent.

CHANGES TO BACKGROUND REPEAT

When an image is repeated in CSS 2, it is often cut off at the end of the

element. CSS 3 introduces two new properties to fix this:

• space: an equal amount of space is applied between the image tiles

until they fill the element.

• round: the image is scaled down until the tiles fit the element.

An example of background-repeat: space; is available on the CSS 3

specifications website.

CHANGES TO BACKGROUND ATTACHMENT

The background-attachment has a new possible value: local. This

comes into play with elements that can scroll (i.e. are set to overflow:
scroll;). When background-attachment is set to scroll, the
background image will not scroll when the element’s content is scrolled.

With background-attachment:local now, the background scrolls

when the element’s content is scrolled.

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 23

Conclusion
To sum up, there is a lot to know about backgrounds in CSS. But once you
wrap your head around it, the techniques and naming conventions all make
good sense and it quickly becomes second nature.

If you’re new to CSS, just keep practicing and you’ll get the hang of
backgrounds fast enough. If you’re a seasoned pro, I hope you’re looking
forward to CSS 3 as much as I am!

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 24

!e Mystery Of !e CSS Float Property
Louis Lazaris

Years ago, when developers first started to make the transition to HTML
layouts without tables, one CSS property that suddenly took on a very
important role was the float property. The reason that the float
property became so common was that, by default, block-level elements will
not line up beside one another in a column-based format. Since columns are
necessary in virtually every CSS layout, this property started to get used —
and even overused — prolifically.

The CSS float property allows a developer to incorporate table-like

columns in an HTML layout without the use of tables. If it were not for the
CSS float property, CSS layouts would not be possible except using
absolute and relative positioning — which would be messy and would make
the layout unmaintainable.

In this chapter, we’ll discuss exactly what the float property is and how it
affects elements in particular contexts. We’ll also take a look at some of the
differences that can occur in connection with this property in the most
commonly-used browsers. Finally, we’ll showcase a few practical uses for
the CSS float property. This should provide a well-rounded and thorough
discussion of this property and its impact on CSS development.

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 25

Definition and Syntax
The purpose of the CSS float property is, generally speaking, to push a
block-level element to the left or right, taking it out of the flow in relation to
other block elements. This allows naturally-flowing content to wrap around
the floated element. This concept is similar to what you see every day in
print literature, where photos and other graphic elements are aligned to one
side while other content (usually text) flows naturally around the left- or right-
aligned element.

Flickr photo by presentday

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 26

The photo above shows the “Readers’ sites” section of .net magazine, which
displays 3 readers’ photos each aligned left in their respective columns with
text wrapping around the aligned images. That is the basic idea behind the
float property in CSS layouts, and demonstrates one of the ways it has
been used in table-less design.

The effectiveness of using floats in multi-columned layouts was explained by

Douglas Bowman in 2004 in his classic presentation No More Tables:

No More Tables

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 27

Bowman explained the principles behind table-less design, using Microsoft’s
old site as a case study. Floats were used prominently in his mock overhaul
of the Microsoft layout.

SYNTAX

The float CSS property can accept one of 4 values: left, right,
none, and inherit. It is declared as shown in the code below.

#sidebar {
float: left;
}

The most commonly-used values are left and right. A value of none is
the default, or initial float value for any element in an HTML page. The
value inherit, which can be applied to nearly any CSS property, does not
work in Internet Explorer versions up to and including 7.

The float property does not require the application of any other property
on a CSS element for float to function correctly, however, float will work
more effectively under specific circumstances.

Generally, a floated element should have an explicitly set width (unless it is a

replaced element, like an image). This ensures that the float behaves as
expected and helps to avoid issues in certain browsers.

#sidebar {
float: left;
width: 350px;
}

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 28

SPECIFICS ON FLOATED ELEMENTS

Following is a list of exact behaviors of floated elements according to CSS2

Specifications:

• A left-floated box will shift to the left until its leftmost margin edge (or
border edge if margins are absent) touches either the edge of the
containing block, or the edge of another floated box

• If the size of the floated box exceeds the available horizontal space, the
floated box will be shifted down

• Non-positioned, non-floated, block-level elements act as if the floated

element is not there, since the floated element is out of flow in relation
to other block elements

• Margins of floated boxes do not collapse with margins of adjacent

boxes

• The root element (<html>) cannot be floated

• An inline element that is floated is converted to a block-level element

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 29

Float in Practice
One of the most common uses for the float property is to float an image
with text wrapping it. Here is an example:

Lifesaver Image from stock.xchng

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 30

The CSS applied to the image in the box above is as follows:

img {
float: left;
margin: 0 15px 5px 0;
border: solid 1px #bbb;
}

The only property required to make this effect work is the float property.
The other properties (margin and border) are there for aesthetic reasons.
The other elements inside the box (the <p> tags with text inside them) do
not need any styles applied to them.

As mentioned earlier, floated elements are taken out of flow in relation to

other block elements, and so other block elements remain in flow, acting as
if the floated element is not even there. This is demonstrated visually below:

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 31

In the above example, the <p> element is a block-level element, so it
ignores the floated element, spanning the width of the container (minus
padding). All non-floated, block-level elements will behave in like manner.

The text in the paragraph is inline, so it flows around the floated element.
The floated box is also given margin settings to offset it from the paragraph,
making it visually clear that the paragraph element is ignoring the floated
box.

Clearing Floats
Layout issues with floats are commonly fixed using the CSS clear property,
which lets you “clear” floated elements from the left or right side, or both
sides, of an element.

Let’s take a look at an example that commonly occurs — a footer wrapping

to the right side of a 2-column layout:

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 32

If you view this page in IE6 or IE7, you won’t see any problems. The left and
right columns are in place, and the footer is nicely tucked underneath. But in
Firefox, Opera, Safari, and Chrome, you’ll see the footer jump up beside the
left column. This is caused by the float applied to the columns. This is the
correct behavior, even though it is a more problematic one. To resolve this
issue, we use the aforementioned clear property, applied to the footer:

#footer {
clear: both;
}

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 33

The result is shown below:

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 34

The clear property will clear only floated elements, so applying clear:
both to both columns would not cause the footer to drop down, because
the footer is not a floated element.

So use clear on non-floated elements, and even occasionally on floated

elements, to force page elements to occupy their intended space.

Fixing the Collapsed Parent

One of the most common symptoms of float-heavy layouts is the “collapsing
parent”. This is demonstrated in the example below:

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 35

Notice that the bottom of the floated image appears outside its parent. The
parent does not fully expand to hold the floated image. This is caused by
what we discussed earlier: the floated element is out of the flow in relation
to other block elements, so all block elements will render as if the floated
element is not even there. This is not a CSS bug; it’s in line with CSS
specifications. All browsers render the same in this example. It should be
pointed out that, in this example, adding a width to the container prevents
the issue from occurring in IE, so this would normally be something you
would have to resolve in Firefox, Opera, Safari, or Chrome.

SOLUTION 1: FLOAT THE CONTAINER

The easiest way to fix this problem is to float the containing parent element:

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 36

Now the container expands to fit all the child elements. But unfortunately
this fix will only work in a limited number of circumstances, since floating the
parent may have undesirable effects on your layout.

SOLUTION 2: ADDING EXTRA MARKUP

This is an outdated method, but is an easy option. Simply add an extra

element at the bottom of the container and “clear” it. Here’s how the HTML
would look after this method is implemented:

<div id="container">
<img src="http://media.smashingmagazine.com/wp-content/
uploads/2009/10/lifesaver.jpg" width="200" height="222"
alt="" />
<p>Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et
malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Vestibulum tortor quam,
feugiat vitae, ultricies eget, tempor sit amet, ante. Donec eu
libero sit amet quam egestas semper.</p>
<div class="clearfix"></div>
</div>

And the resulting CSS applied to the new element:

.clearfix {
clear: both;
}

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 37

You could also do this by means of a <br /> tag with an inline style. In any
case, you will have the desired result: the parent container will expand to
enclose all of its children. But this method is not recommended since it adds
nonsemantic code to your markup.

SOLUTION 3: THE :AFTER PSEUDO-ELEMENT

The :after pseudo-element adds an element to the rendered HTML page.

This method has been used quite extensively to resolve float-clearing
issues. Here is how the CSS looks:

.clearfix:after {
content: ".";
display: block;
height: 0;
clear: both;
visibility: hidden;
}

The CSS class “clearfix” is applied to any container that has floating children
and does not expand to enclose them.

But this method does not work in Internet Explorer up to version 7, so an IE-
only style needs to be set with one of the following rules:

.clearfix {
display: inline-block;
}
.clearfix {
zoom: 1;
}

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 38

Depending on the type of issue you’re dealing with, one of the above two
solutions will resolve the issue in Internet Explorer. It should be noted that
the zoom property is a non-standard Microsoft proprietary property, and will
cause your CSS to become invalid.

So, because the :after pseudo-element solution does not work in IE6/7, is
a little bit bloated code-wise, and requires additional invalid IE-only styles,
this solution is not the best method, but is probably the best we’ve
considered so far.

SOLUTION 4: THE OVERFLOW PROPERTY

By far the best, and easiest solution to resolve the collapsing parent issue is
to add overflow: hidden or overflow: auto to the parent element.
It’s clean, easy to maintain, works in almost all browsers, and does not add
extra markup.

You’ll notice I said “almost” all browsers. This is because it does not work in
IE6. But, in many cases, the parent container will have a set width, which
fixes the issue in IE6. If the parent container does not have a width, you can
add an IE6-only style with the following code:

// This fix is for IE6 only

.clearfix {
height: 1%;
overflow: visible;
}

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 39

In IE6, the height property is incorrectly treated as min-height, so this
forces the container to enclose its children. The overflow property is then
set back to “visible”, to ensure the content is not hidden or scrolled.

The only drawback to using the overflow method (in any browser) is the
possibility that the containing element will have scrollbars or hide content. If
there are any elements with negative margins or absolute positioning inside
the parent, they will be obscured if they go beyond the parent’s borders, so
this method should be used carefully. It should also be noted that if the
containing element has to have a specified height, or min-height, then
you would definitely not be able to use the overflow method.

So, there really is no simple, cross-browser solution to the collapsing parent

issue. But almost any float clearing issue can be resolved with one of the
above methods.

Float-Related Bugs in Internet Explorer

Over the years, there have been numerous articles published online that
discuss common bugs in connection with floats in CSS layouts. All of these,
not surprisingly, deal with problems specific to Internet Explorer.

Smashing eBook #18 CSS Essentials 40

Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
non iugrati divina: misericordije qui gratiam Comitis meriieruut S.
Adalardo mediante , immensas laudes Deo altissimo retulerunt,
cujus auris, quam precibus pulsaverant, pra8p,irationem cordis
eorum audierat. CAPUT IV. De eo ipwil Coiiiitissa volnit eiim retinere.
J^ic non cassato itineris labore la^tati cum Sancto arripueruiit iter
renieandi. Sed interveiiit eis aliqua turbationis molestia, ut major
subseqiieretur la^titia. Contigit enim ut ad opjiidum quod dicitur
Insula pervenirent, et Saiictnm Dei in ecclesia S. Stei>hani
Protomartyris, qua; ibi habetur, deferrent. Illis diebus apiid idem
castriim Adela Comitissa, de qiia supra mentionem feciniiis,
morabatur; duni adobsidendum pra?fatuiii oppidiim Sclielmas Comes
scilicet filius ejns occuparetur. Qua,' cuni audissetadessesanctum Dei
Confessoreni, gavisa est valde sibi esse nblatam retinendi illuin
opporliinitatem. Accersitis Ciimiiimi igitur monachis, inter alia quas
jirotulit verba, dixit riimilrii£ mlt eis : Sciutis Doinini mei S.
Adalardum communis rorims.Aile- generis coiisaiiguinitate mihi esse
lu-oximiim, et iileo Inrdirclimrr, ^^ honoris gratiam paret mihi in
Ccelis, volo ejus lioilisimtiis cu- jjopgp, sublinuire in terris. Unde
sedet milii iii animo sloilmif:. j. ■ I i • 1 1 eum retinere iii hac terra,
quia ad exequendiim quod MIR.\CULA S. ADELARDI ABB. CORBEIEN.
volo magis hic ero idonea. Aut enini ei novam construi
faciamecclesiam.quani iramensisopihusilitabo. de]iutatis monachis
aut Clericis, cpii serviant Sancto ; aiit in Blandiniensi monasterio,
quod in lionore S. Petri Apostoli situm est in castro Gandavo, faciam
euni deferri, iibi pra3 omnibus Sanctis, qui ibi habentur, faciam ei
honorem exliiberi. Iiiterdico itaqiie vobis iit eiim ab ecclesia S.
Stephaiii noii dimoveatis, sed ad locum vestrum redeatis ; ni potiiis
cura eo remauere placeat vobis. Denique pratcepit portas obseratas,
et exitus viarum adhibitis custodibus observari, ne in noctis silentio
clam Sanctus posset asporfari. CAPUT V. De eo quod per medios
viijiles sublatu: suiU saiictce reliquioe. \J\m\ jam monachi facerent?
In aliena terra positi, suorumque auxilio destituti, obviare non
poterant Comitissa; potestati ; ut in asportatione Sancti aliqiiam
violentiam inferrent illi. Illico ad Sanctum reversi sunt Adalardum : et
extra .spem positi deliberabant quid potius eis esset faciendum.
Consiliiini autem super hac re quKrentes, tales inter se conquerendo
proferebant voces : Qiiid faciemus l. Quo divertemus? Ad nostros
sine .S. Adalardo reditus nobis non est necessarius : quia forsitan
aut iios expellent, aut, quod turpius est, lapidibiis obruent. Deniqiie
iios non reverti prohibet improperium et dedecus, qiiia nobis non
revertentibus tantum damnum imponeiit nostra^assensioni,
nostrisque; raachinationibus. Ceterum quamvis absque Sancti
reprEesentatione gratiam eorum possimus habere.ejusdem Patris
iiostri ablatio, nostrje matris Ecclesia; fiet desolatio. Ipsa enim mater
nostra, qufe nos taraquam filios in suo fovit gremio, relinquetur sicut
umbraculiim in vinea, et sicut tiigiirium in cuciimerario. Taliter prius
navicula cordis eoruiii turbabatur in mari : et dormiente in eis
Christo, quia diibitabant, cccperunt mergi. Sed cum clamassent,
Domine salva nos, periimis; illico excitatus est Domiiiiis, veiitisque
imperavit et fluctibus. 27 Illis autein consilium caiiientibus cielitus
iiispiratum est ut intempestie noctis silentio expositas de feretro
sancti Confessoris reliqiiias tollerent, et cum illis fiigse prsesidio sibi
suisqiie consulerent. Quod et ipse Salvatorfecisse.siiosqueutidein
facerent legitur adraonuisse : Ciim vos, inquit, persecuti fuerint in
unam civitatem, in aliam fugite, licet figuraliter possimiis intelligere.
Cunctis igitiir per villam somno occiipatis, monachi requiem suis
denegariint oculis, opportunitatem qua?reiites perducendi ad fliieni
quae inerant illorum animis. Media aiitem nocte ad tliecam
argenteam, qua pretiosus thesaurus tegebatur, accesseriint,
ipsiimqiie audaiibus, iit ita dicaiii, sed fidelibiis manibiis exposueriiiit.
Deiiiqiie ipsum siiper auruni et topazion pretiosiorem, omniumqiie
aronuitum fragrantiara suo odore vincentem in mundo pallio. postea
in byrso cervino involveriint : et uni eorum, Donino videlicet
Everardo, qui ad hoc sagaciiir videb.atur, ;isportaiidum coniniiseriint.
Qiii ceteris cum scriuio Sancti remaneiitibus, de comniisso sibi
thes;iiiro sollicitus noii modice aninio angebalur, qualiter propter
vigiliim excubias civitatera egrederetur. Duinque totiis in Iioc studio
esset positus, illiixit matutinalis bora, qiia expiilso vesperi liictii Christi
resiirrectione denionitur Ia»titia ; tiinc Christus, qiii est verus sol
justiti», depellens teiiebras erroris et tristitiie, ostendit illitraiiiitem
salutisethvtitiie.Nani eadem liora obtiilit se illi quidam raonachus,
quasi missus a Doniiiio, qiiein Remensis civitatis Arcliiepiscopus ad
Coinitem direxerat pro suo negotio. Huir Mauiwhi fiiiiil sibi niiendiiin
s/7 ilrlibcrniil. ItcliijniiB S. .itlelnrdiin tliecaargentm. Ei
 II JANUARII. 123 Tramil pciDmlios vigitcs. Mtiifuo gnudio
Corbeias cxcipiUtr. Coiiiititisa t'Cteros floimiiii rciuitlit. Tlieca Corbeiam
referliir. I Rcg. ■ . Reg. (I. Huic sanctarum bajulator reliquiarum
sociatus per medios vigilum cuneos, portis p.itentibus, exivit; Deique
providentia per Saiicti videlioetAdalardi meritum frustratas illorum
excubias reliquit. 2« Renovatum est sane in hoc facto miraculnm
quod ad Cliristi resurgentis contigit sepulchrum, si tanien glorise
Regis audemus jequiparare virtutem niilitis. Sed non minuiraus
gloriam Regis, si virtutem priEdicamus militis : quia virtus militis
gloria ost Regis. Custodia enim militum ad Christi posita est
sepulchrum, ne a suis furaretur discipuhs; diligpufia nihilominus
excubatorum deputata est portis etexitibus viarum, ne corpus S.
Adalardi clani a suis efferretur monachis. Christus summo diluculo
milites signatum monumentum custodientes resurgens irritos
reddidit ; Sanctus quoque Adalardus summo mane vigiles portas et
exitus viarum observantes exeundofefellit. Milites Chri.sto resurgente
prae timore facti sunt velut mortui; custodes postquam Sanctus
asportatus est Adalardus pra; nimia adrairatione redditi sunt stupidi.
29 Taliter corpus sancti Confessoris Corbeiam refertur, et a raonachis
cum magno cleri plebisque tripudio suscipitur. Qui cura magno
honore, nt dignitas ejus exigebat, repositns in archivo ecclesise,
ipsani sua decoravit ju-a^sentia, quam primura obscurara reddiderat
ejusabsentia. Fratres auteni cum cordis devotione laudes inimensas
reddiderunt snper hoc bouitati divinie, parvipendentes si scrinii fieret
amissio, cum beatos et divitcs reddidisset eos pretiosi thesanri
restitutio. Illud enim erat recuperabile damnnm, hic si eura
aniisissent damnnm inrepai*abile. Sed qui voluit thesaurura corporis
restituere, dignatus est etiam vas ejusdem remittere, nt sicut in
corporis asportatione, ita etiam Sancti pateret meritum in vasis
reprjeseiitatione. CAPUTVI. Derelatione scrinii, e( qiiod
inre))ra;sentatione ejus sanatus est dandus. I nterea faraa volante,
cura Comitissre nuntiatum fuisset taliter S. Adalarduni a monachis
sublatum esse, moleste tulit se ita delusam esse. Taraen intelligens
hoc esse voluntatis diviute, et ideo jam non pusse contra torrentem
brachia tendere ; postulata venia, concessit illis cum scrinio sancti
Confessoris remeare ad propria. Taliter illi, quasi de .^gypto egressi,
ubi jam quasi captivi fuerant detenti, protegente eos cselestis
defensionis nube, ne urereutur a sole tribulationis, pervenerunt,
duce novo Moyse nostro, in terrara pacis et securitatis. 31
Curaquejara facti fuissent proxirai Corbeiie, prapniittentes nuntios
mandaverunt fratribus suis, ut scrinio S. Adalardi raature occurrerent
cum brachio ejusdem Confessoris. Illico gaudium novura ailhuc
recenti gaudio superaddifur ; classica pulsantur ; ecclesia tapetibus
et palliis adornatur ; ac{;ensis etiam luminaribus plurimis illuminatur
: denique facto populi conventu festiva processio or'ditur : et cum
brachio S. Adalardi priecedentibus cereis etcrucibus obviam
proceditur. Tunc filii Israel quasi arcara Domini de Philistseis
reductam suscipientes, intaberimculo Dei referebant : et cum David
in voce exultationis et confessionis psallentes praicedebant. variis
musicorura instrumentorum generibus ad augendam latitiam
circumquaque sonantibus. 32 Ecce autem quidam claudus ad porfam
terapli PERS.(:rn*ni). jacebat, ita utroque pede contractns, ut jilanf
as pe- Claitiliisml mdura ejus (quod erat visu miserabile) retro
liiBrerent ^''"" '^^"^'' natiljus. Venerat autem ibi reptando in
quantum po- ' ,'' ' terat manibus et genibus non solum ut alimoniam
peteret ab introeuntibus, sed ut S. Adalardum rogaret suis adesse
doloribus. Qui cum feretrum Sancti priEcedente longo processionis
ordine vidisset inferri in quantum ipsa segritudo patiebatur, clamare
coepit, ut sui misereretur. Sanctus vero Adalardus more B.
Petriaurura vel argentuni illi nondedit, .sed quod melius erat, divina
concedente gratia, illi tribuit. Nam mirum in modum .statim videres
nervos prius contractos extendi, cutem disrumpi. sanguinem
manare, pedes cruraque ad natui'aleni lociini redire, illuin auteni prse
nimiis angustiis fatigari. ita ut pene videretur deficere. Tandem in
suis orectus pedibus, jani nullius egens adminiculo ad feretrum
Sancti accessit. 0 laudandum Dei domim ; o pradicandum Sancti
meritum 1 Praisentia corpdris ejus aberat, et t.anta in vase corporis
ejus Dominus ostendebat. Sed lioc in vase corporis ejus ostendere
potuit, qui per uinbram corporis S. Petri a?grotos sanare voluit. Tunc
qui sanatus fuerat feretiuim prosequens et bajulans, gratias
referebat Domino, imitans illum luc. 17. Evangelicum leprosum, qui
reversus laudein dedit Deo. Cuin tinto gauilio filiis in sinu raatris
Ecclesiareceptis, de thesaiiro conscienti:e proferentes sacrificium
spei et fidei, quse iii ar:i cordis accenderat fervor caritatis, livmnum
Te Deiim laudainus cantaverunt coram altario divina' m.ijesfatis.
CAPUT VII. De repositione sanctarum reliquiarum in scrinio. D
E.cpoilitur corptis 6'. iilC' lartti. 'enique ascendentes gradus pulpiti,
qui de valle nes m.^-tti implorationis per gradus virtutum
ascenderant in imlomnamontem exultationis, popiilis
inflmisjacentibus, nec ""'■ ad altiora conscendere valentibus,
condescenderunt propinatione salutiferi sermonisrei gestse
temporique praesenti respondentis. Nec siluernnt, ad
confirmationem sui sermonis quifi in via accidissent eis, qiianta
Domini gratia in omnibus afJiiisset illis, quantisque sibi dilectum
Confessorein declarasset miraculis. Et ne aliqiiis eoriiin diibius
existeret S. Adalardum esse relatum, reliqiiias ejusdeni de secretario.
nbi ante repositw fuerant, pra;sentari fecerunt. Quas quidem iii
conspectu populi adstantis extulerunt, ipsasque ut credi decet
antiquo ebore lucidiores, visuquepro siii rarif ate delect;ibiles,
coiispectibus omnium adstantium rernendas priEbiieriint. Postquam
autein pra-senti;! Sancti reniota est ab illis itc,miiim m omnis nubes
dubitationis, eiim honorifice reposiie- iiriorc Ihecti. runt in eodem
scrinio quod paiillo aiite relatuin fuerat cum gandio. 34 Quo rite
peracto secus S. Gentianum marfyrii locatiirquc rosa in dorao Dei
vernantem collocaverunt S. Ada- jii-rtaS.Gciilardum castitatis lilio
aiite Deiini florentem. Felix '"""""■ aula, qua; tantis siistentatur
coluiniiis ! Felix Ecclesia, qua? tantis illuininatur lucernis! iit taceamus
ceteros quorura praisentia feliciter ipsa floret Ecclesia, ististutorihus
protegitur contra ventoriim flatus, et tenipestatura fulmina. Istis
eniin illiiminantibus, repelluntur ab ea tenebrarum caligines, et
mterorum nuliila. Istos itaque honoreiniis. istos veneremur in terris,
ut nostri inemores esse dignentur in cajlis. NOT. 4li. INVENTIO
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194 Ii> VENTIO CAPITIS S. VEDASTI ALIARUMQllE

RELIQUIARUM ATREBATI. Ak». mxiv. IIJAN. Miniciita ail invi-iilfis
reJiiiniiis faiia. x\.nno Mxiv IV Nonas Jannarii, iiKiuit Fmreobis Locrhis
in Chvouicn BcUjivo, Invenfio reliqularum Ecclesire Atrebatensis. De
cn Inventioiu' Biildiiciis in. Clironico Cnmeracensi et Atiebatensi lih. 2,
cnii. 13. Ibi vero (Atrebati in templo S. Mnriiv) jnxta altare Dei
genitricis MariDe, quod B. Vedastus suis rliebus conseoraverat, anno
quiflem secundo Gerardi Episcopi, multae et multum
pretiosaiSanctorumreliquise invent^ sunt, ad quarum illustrationem
diversa miracula per tres circiter annos divina clementia operata est.
Leprosi enim mundati, contracti bumanis usibns solidati, multique
adiversis languoribus curati, sospitate donantur. 2 Idem Baldricns lih.
3, cap. A, de eadem, reHguiarum Inventione ita scribil : Tunc etiam
temporis in easconcursus. monasterio Sanctse MarJse
Atrebatensium, juxta altare, multorum Sanctorum reliquias pretiosas
contigitinveniri. Ad quarum quidem meritapropalanda, divina
clementia diversi generis signa et prodigia lHaximi ad operante. non
solum ex vicinis sed etiam longe positis regionibus, per totum fere
biennium multitudo maxima confluebat. 3 Fatetuv Georgius
Colvenerius in Notis, se quie aut qualcs fucvint reliquix, ab
Atvebatensi Ecclesia non Quib fiichiu pottiisse resciscere. At Locrius,
Addunt, inquit, Eccle- ''^' ''^'"'/'"* siae Atrebatensis monumenta
mss. Inter cetera brachium S. Vedasti cum capite ejus, et quibusdam
membris ipsius, etc. De S. Vedasto plura vi Febvunrii, et de festo
reliqniavum Ecclesix Atrebatensis alio loco. DE S. SILVESTRO
MONACHO TRAIN^. IN SICILIA. Ansomclxxxv II JAN. F.T n MAIl.
ijilvc S. SUmler fit monatjhus. Vtsif sepu''fster ex oftihte S. Bftsilii
motiachus colitur ii Jaiiuarii et ii Maii, frcqueiiti populi coiicursu
Trnime in Sicitia, ex Jiilii III Poiitifieis Maximi coiicessioue,
ut.testaiitur Octaviiis Cajetaiius iioster in Iden operis (lc Samtis
Siciliir, et Phitippus Ferrarius iii (jeuerali Catalogo Sniictorum. Est
Traiiia, a(iis Trayna.Troina, Trojna, Trojanopolis, Trajanopoli.';.
Dragina, Mediterrauea Sicilix urbs in colle edito sita, olim Episcopalis,
(le qua (igitThoniasFaudlusrer.Sicular.decad.i. lib. i «(10, sed quod
eam esse cemrt Trajanopolim, quam L. I de censihus, coloniam juris
Italiei appellat Ulpianus, aliis minus probatur, qui isthic in Cilicia
letjendum, uon in Sicilia, arbitrantur. Panllo iiifra urbem, inquit idem
lib. \0 Fuzellus, ad P. M. II. Meridiem versus, aedes D. Michaelis
super coUem erecta, et c
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/■'/((/(/ lioitdMininiliiiid fjtistmmihan. II JANUARII. 5

Reversiis ad monasteriiim, tlefmictoqiie Abbate, celebratur 125 ciim
Silvestriim ei siibrogare cogitai^ent, is elapsn.s in silvam non longe a
civitate se alididit: ubi.aliqnamdiu vitam ereiniticam diixit,
or.ationibiis, jejnniis,
ineditationibusaliisquecorporisafflictionibusintentus:donec ivNoN.
Januarii.anno apartu Virginis MCLXXXV, suum Deo tradidit spiritum.
Corpus ibidem sepultum est, sacra aede sub ejiis invocatione
constructa : ([uo, hacdieet n Januarii, innuinera liominuni multitudo
confluit.Solentenimda?moniaciinfirmique ejusintercessioneliberari. C
Anno vero Doniini MDLXXV, peste per universam Siciliain
grassante,cum Troynopoli nuilti inilies perirent, ac die secunda
Janiiai'ii, qua natalis ejus ;ixiine effervescente, imaginem S. Sil-
ris(hrjM,ttvestri cives iii processione deferrent; mnx ab ea pe-
f^iniiotin st;nitus extincta liberati simt. Quare Julius III, l'ontifex
''"'"■ Maximus non modo indnlgentias ecclesiam S. Silvestri
visitantibus concessit, sed et festum ab omnibus in ea civitate
celebrari voluit. Hxc Frfrttriiis. Sed maiiifestuin iii aiitto, quo U.vc ope.
S. Silvratri nopita liies ilicitur, memhiin iiicst, cnin Jiiliii.t III, aiino
MDLV obieril : aut certe eo miraciUo ad feslum saticiendum induetus
non est,ut vult Fcrrarius ; qui iterutn in Notis Silvestrum ait
MCLXXXIX dece.m.i.w, cuin .iu]ira, el iii generali CiiUiloijo Saiictorum
MCLXXXV, inortuttm asserat. III JANUARII
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126 III JANUARII. SANCTI QUI III NON. JANUAR.

COLUNTUR. OcTWA S. JoANNis EvangelistiE. S. Anteros Papa
IMartyr, l\oin;i',. S. FlorentiusEpiscopiisViennensis, Martyr. S.
Theopemptus Episcopus, Marlyr. S. Theonas Martyr. S. Zosimus
monaclius Martyr ) S. AthanasiusCommen(ariensis> inCilicia. Martyr
\ S. Petrus Balsanius, vel Abselamus Martyr, S. Martialis \ S.
Statilianus S. Constantius S. Possessor S. Hilarinus S. Firmus S.
Candidus S Rogatianus S, Eugenia S. Lucida S. Acuta S. Poenica
Martyres, in Africa. S. Gordius Comes ac Centurio Marlyr. C;esareiB in
Cappadocia. S. Theogenes I S. Primus 1 Marlyres, in Hellesponto. S.
Cyrinus 1 S. Claudon S. Eugenes S. Diogenius , S. Eugentus \
Marlyres. S. Rhodus S. Rhodon S. Pinna S.
LucianusEpiscopnsLeontinus, in Sicilia. S. Melorus Marlyr, in Anglia.
S. Salvator Episcopus, Beluni in Italia. S. Genovefa Virgo, Parasiis in
Gallia. S. Blidmundussive Gogus, Abl)as inGallia. Inventio S- Quintini
apud Veromanduos, S. Bertilia Virgoconjugata.in Belgio. Relatio
capitis S. Jacobi Apostoli, ad monasterium S. Vedasti. S. Daniel
Levita Martyr, Patavii, PR^TERMISSI VEL IN ALIUM DIEM REJECTI,
S. ArgiBus 1,, , ,, , „ ,,. ,, S, Narci.ssus M^''ty''- Marhjrol. S. Hiermi.
Nos S. Marcellmus I "•^""M.iter cum duobus filiis, igne extincta.
Menxa. Plnrcs idem subiere snppUcinm cum liberis matres : vil hic
certi possnm statuere, ideoque eam omitto. Daniel monachus
Hemmenroden.sis, Kalendar. Cisterciense Divione editnm aiino 1617,
B. Angela de Fulginio, Martyroiog. Gerinan. Molanns iii addit. ad
Usiuirdum, Usuardi editio Colonieiisis aiini 1521, Nos IV Jaiiiuir. B.
Ursus Dux Venetorum, postea monachus. ms.
KatendariumSanctornm OrdinisS. Bcnedicti. Hic est Petrus Urseolus,
de qiw xi Jaimar. S, Potitus Martyr, ms. MartijroloQ . S. Martiiii
Tornaci. Nos xin Januar. S, Malachias Propheta. Martyrologiwn
Germanicum, Molan. Mena-a, Menolog. Gatesinius in Notis. Nos XIV
Janmr. B. Guillermusx .4bbas Cistercii. Kalendarium Cislercieiis. Nos
xxii April. p 1 sorores S, Gibriani. David Cameranns _, ■ ' (
tib.SdeScotor.pietate.DeiiisoS.6iPrompfa ) , • tt •■ ^ ( fjnano
aqemn.i VIII Maii. S, AgritiusEpiscopus Senonensis, MS, FtorariumSS.
Nos XIII Junii. OCTAYA S. JOANNIS. Cclebratur lli Non. Janu. S.
Joannis Apostoli et Evangelistx Octava, quam Martijrohgium
Romamim, Ado, aliique consignant. In Breviario Romano, Pauli III
auctoritate edito a Francisco Quignonio Cardinale, non celebrahalur
hxc Octava, sed S. Anteri Papx festum, de quo et tertia lectio
recitabatur. Ubi denuo recensituni ab eodem Quignonio idem
Breviurium e.st, oniisso S. Antcro Octavn ngi ccepit fquemadmodum
et nntea) ut Semiduple.v ; Duplex a Pio V instituta, utietS.
Stepliauialque Innocentium. Vide Gavantmi Comment. in Rubr.
Breviar. sect. 6, cap. 6. DE
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127 DE S. ANTERO PAPA ET lARTYRE. 111 JAN. S.Aiitcros

Piipa. A; iiliTos Papa.qui aliis Aiitlimis, Aiitenis, Anllierius, in sacros
fastos pridem relatus, ut patet veteriAIarlijroto(jioTioiiiano,Beda,
Usuardo, 'Ulone, Bellino, Mauivlijco, et celeris. 2 De eo lurc liahel
lilier de Roniiinis Pontificilms : Anteros iiatione Grfecus, ex pafre
Roraulo, sedit annis XH, (expuugunt alii annorunt minierum) mense
uno, (liebus XII, martyrio coronatur. Fuit autem teni|)oribus Maximini
et Africani Coss. Hic gesta Martyrum diligenter a Notariis exquisivit,
et in Ecclesia recondidit : propter quod a ' Maximo Prfefecto martyrio
coronatus est. Hic fecit ordinationem unam per mensem Decerabris,
Episcopuni nnura (Addit codex Baronii : Fundis in Campania.) Qni
etiam seiniltus est in coemiterio Calixti.via Appia m Nonas Januarii :
et cessavit Episcopatus dies xin. Pliilippus Ferrarius in Cnlalogo
Snnclormn Ilaliiv Iradil ex Pelelia urbc magnx Grxciiv niaritima
oriunilum fuisse, 3 Porro (le Marlijruni Actis descrihi solilis isla
luiiimperiNo- Itet Barouius loni. 2, an. 238, n. 2. A Clemente Papa
larmdcscribi primuin magna diligentia curatnm fuit, ut a septem
Notariis, per regiones Urbis divisis, gesta Martyrum scriberentur.
Deinde Fabianus Papa, qiii siic^fiHiwi.Maxi' mmi. Ex Petelia iirhe
ortus. .ietu Martysolila. cessit Antero, de quo est sermo, ut magis
magisque histori^ veritaii consultum foret, septem Notariis hiiic operi
adscriptis, qni ActaMartyrum integra exci]ierent, septem pricfecit
SuI)diaconos. Porro Notariorum opus fuisse existimanius, ut non ipsa
tantum Acta, cruciatus nempe, diraque ac ssepius repetita tornienta
describerent, sed etiam qiifflcuinque iidem sancti Martyres locuti
essent, dum caperentur, ac piiblice torquerentur; qufe itein ad
siipplicia ducti, iuissent interlocuti, meinorise commendarent. i
Illaautem qiise intra cancellos, obducto velo, coram jndicibus, ciim
de ipsis quaastio haberetur, iidem rogati dicerent; publicorura
Exceptoriira rauneris erat, cuncta scriptis raandare, et inter publica
Acta .iliaabE.cecreferre : qiias ciim agerentur in provinciis Proconsu-
pmribiis relaria ab Augiistino et aliis dicta reperimns. Porro """l""haic
ipsa, vel liorum potius exemplum, a Christianis collata pecunia redimi
solebant, etinter Acta Martyrura sedulo asservari. Quffi vero extra
cancellos cuin Martyribus agerentiir vel dicerentur, ab Ecclesi;e
Notariis, magna adhibita cautela, consuetis notis qiiain celerrime
tabulis adnritabantiir. H:vc Baronius. Oliin S. Anteros festo siinpliei
colebatur, ut antc diximus. not (9 i:inc:\ vN Oiin. DE S. FLORENTIO
EPISCOPO VIENNENSI MARTYRE, S. Florentius Episc. Vieti' tieii. in
exiliiim missus l anctus Florentius PivtsuI Viennensis IX tempora
Gordiani, Philippi. Decii, Galli, et Vo[iiisiani decucurrit ; qiiando
NovatiisB. Cypriani Presbyter Romaiii veniens, Novatianam lijeresim
condidit. Anniversaria ejus dies est iii Non. Januar. quando post
exilium mortem pro Christo pertulit. Tta Bihliollieca Floriacensis a
Joanne Boscio edila, el Joannes Clwnu. 2 Clinidius Robertus,
Marlyroloiiium Usuurdi Colonieeediliini auclius aniio 14!)0cl 1521.
Beda, Molanus in Addit. ad Usuard. Martijroloijium Germanicum,
Ado, aliique, S. Florentiuin oclavum Viennensis urbis Episcopum
scrihunt fms.'ie. Credo quod Desideviam et Dionysium confundanl.
Ms. BetLv Mavlijvoloijiuni Baravicum : Eodem die S. Florentii
Juvennensis (leye Viennensis) Episcopi et Martyris vii, ejusdem iirbis.
3 MavHjroloijium Romanum ; Viennie in Galliis Covoiiaiur S. Ftorentii
episcopi, qiii tempore Gallieni Impera- martijrio toris in exiliiim
relegatus, illic martyriiim consiiminavit. Ejus pvxtev ciiatos
memiiievunt Ms. Flovaviuin Sanclovum, et Galesinius. Mavtyrologium
S. Hievonijini : Vienn;e, depositio Florentmi.flc eo MaUhtvits
Weslmonasteviensis in Flovibus historiarum : Aniio gratiiB 241
Florentius Viennensis Episcopus vita et doctrina clariiit. Mansit autem
usque ad Gallieni et Doctrina claVoliisiani iinperiiim, exulqiip
martyrinin complevit. ms. ■^Notkerus eani nJaniiarii refcrt,his
rerbis:Yien\nv dcpiisitio B. Florentii Episcopi. ClRCA vNCiin.
CCLXXXIV. DE SAKCTIS MARTYRIBUS THEOPEilPTO EPISCOPOET
THEONA. M; - artijrnlntjixim Rnmnnnm hns cum Zosimn rt Athamisio
conjujiijity referlque iii Jnitunrii ; ijniis Galcainius^et Fnrrarius iv,
Molamis v -idi et Menieu ; in quibun itii eonim memoruinr tcrtamen :
2 SaiK-tiis hieromad.yr Theopemptus Episcopus, exoitaUv a
Diocletiano Imperatore persecutiniiis pri.S' riieopem- ""^™ procellam
excepit, et quod Christuin Deuni inplus in itjncm trepide cnnfiteretur,
corona donatiis est iiiartyrii. conjccius, ex- Captiis(|nippe atquead
Iniperatorein pertractiis, cum ctvcaltis, ve- ei error«m suum
exprobaret, in ardentem conjectus nenopotatus foniaceni, inde
innoxius evasit. Tiini oculus ei erni' tur. Post letliale venenum
combibit, ciijus taineu vis divinitus, ne labem pateretiir, exstincta.
Quod cum cerneret Theonas magus, ijui illml ei miscuerat, Christi
fidem est aniplexus. 3 Sed Theopemptus aliis qiioque cruciatilius
suppliciisque aflectus,demum gladiopercussusoccnbnit. At Theouas
In efiossam scrobem demissus, injecta dcsuperterra ojppivssus est;
sicquead Christnmviclur niigravit. 4 Eailcin Mcn;va ii Jan. Iuvc liabenl
: SS. Theopeniptus et Thendote, quse fuitniater sanctorum
inedicoriim, qiii sine peciiuia fegrotos oiiraruut, Cosma' sci~ licel et
Damiani. Hunc Tlieopcmptum eumticm esse cctiHet Haderus iwster
qui iii Januiirii colitvr ; sed iiuUum video certum ejus coiijeclnrn-
funthtmcnluin. Tlicodolen isthic retulimus. m Tlicontiiii iiiaijum
covccrlit. Vtcrqueirro Cliristo occif!i(ur.
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128 DE SANCTIS 31ARTYRIB11S DlOCLtTIW. 55. Zosiiitlisct

AUmnasivs passi .iiih l)(>tnilitiiio !'m-siikEjm palriii ZOSIMO lAMCHO
ET ATHAMSIO COMMEIVTARIEIVSI. Adinimhilfs Itos viros ita celchrat
hoc dic Mnrtyvologium Romamim : In Cilicia sanctorum Martynim
Zosimi . Athanasii Commentariensis, Tlienpenipti, et Theonre, qui in
persccutione Diocletiani ilhistre martyriuni obienmt. Marhjres quoquc
Mctiim appellaiit ivJaniiarii : Eotlem (lic memoria sanctorinn
Martynmi Zo^imi monachi et Atiianasii Commentariensis. Baroiiiiis
lios cum Tlteopempto et Thcona coiijuiujit ; aitque in Notis ab
(fiiecorum Menwis passos referri sub Doiuitiaiio Impcratore. Verum
noa Imprrotor Domiliaiiiis liic fuil, sed Krjywj PrmfeiUts autPiwses. w
Jamiariicosrefcrt Ferrarius in (jenerali Cataioqo Safictorum, uti et
Menoloqium^ in quo liivc liaheutur : Eiiflem die commenioratio
sanctiMartyrisZiisimi ct Athanasii Commentariensis, qui Doniitiano
Praeside apnd Ciliciam illustre martvi'iura pertulerunt. 2 Menxa
paullo fusius : S. Zosimus in Cilicia eremum cum leris incolebat.
Comprehensus Domitiano Pra-.sidi sistitur, cumque Cliristum
confiteretur, aures eicandentiferroaduruntur. Deinde in libetem
liquato pluml)o plenum a capite suspensus mittitur. Verum mirabiliter
ex omnibus liberatus, apparente intheatro leone, ac de Christo
humana voce loquente, Athanasium Commentai'iensem ad fidem
adduxit. Dimissus a tyranno, redit ad montes in quibus ante pietati
vacare consueverat, ibique commorans erudit baptizatque
Athanasium. Inde sub disrupta.s hiantesque petras simul ingressi
animas Deo reddiderunt. S.Zoninias varie tonpivtiir. l,eo liiniuinii voce
loipiiiiiiAtliaiiasiiis convcrlillir. AK
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accurate

Criice. gltulio. ignc, qm ralionc dicalnr iiifercwptus. ihi

imssn^. S. Pclriis AlroiBsepulliis. I.ur SijjUEw^ f o; (lictiis. Ada umk
ilcscripla. 0 Dcmaitijrii (jcncir non pnrvti qmu{ui' csm' controversia
vitlctur; ((iim (juidam in criiccm actuin, alii gladiointcrenipluw, iijni
alii cxMinctnm vohiiit. An cnici affixus est, dcindeigne ciirumposito
suffocalus? An ccrncc ■•iubiatus,in igncm conjcctus! ini ijiinlio
dcimU- iu ip.^iis puinmis percHJiSus?Mcna'(i ct^fcuoloijium cnici.-i
ctgladiinon memincre. ms. Bcrtinionnm cxpvcsse habet : Tunc cruce
siispensus, capite est plexus. lODc loco (juoque variant. Cirsarex
intcrfectum scribit Eusehius, alH Auiamv, vcl Aulone. Est Aulana, ut
exHegesippo tradit Ortelius, urbs Sumariw. ElcuflicropoUs vero,in
cnjusfinibiis natus cst Pctrus,]trima' Pal;vstin:v urbs, qu.v, ut ait
Ccdrenus, oUm Hebron fuit.Ejusilem vero PnLvstimv prima-
MctropoUs crat dvsarca, olim Tnrvis Stratonis. Quare non mirum est
cum qui intrnjnrisdictionein urbisCa-sariciisissitintcrfcctus, Ca'sarea'
occisnin dici ab Busebio; qui codemcnpitcatios captos acperemptos
scribit Ascahnc in eadem provincia. Deiiidc non dicitur in ActisAulana'
occisus, scdcomprelicnsus, nc deinde Pra-sidi oblntus, forte ad eum
Ca'saream pertractus. Saiie adduci iion possim, ut Galesinio
assentiar, qui Anlanam Auloiiam interpirtatur, vnlgo la Velona, qua'
urbs cst mnritima in sinn Adrintico : qucni secntuscst Martijrologii
Roiimni GnUicu.s iutcrpres et Fervarius in topographia, qni Pefi'uni
cutn Balsanio isthic nctum in cruccm scribit) corjnis vcro ilUus
VeniUis as.-icrvari. 1 \ Eodem dic \u Januarii Petruui ^y.u.sio^^o^ov
celeh-antMcnwa : qnifortnssis nostcr est PetiMis Balsamus. quem
tarnennusquam aUbilegi lioc nomine appellari. Ita hahent : Tyj alz-h
riu.i^x y.vrtp.ri zoii oiiov irar^jci^ Yjp.(iiv Xlhr.ov 70V
2y;pL£iot]i5(iou, evtu aytw ^ayapiix ti^; arpwa^ y.urj.vjov. Ipsa (lie
Commemoratio S. P. N. Petri qiii signum tulit, iu S. Zachariffi Atroee
sepulti. 1 2 Dc eo ita commentatur Padcrus noster : In Grjpcn est
^r.ixHofoiJO ad verybum Signiferi, VcxillarU, Antesignani.X avie
potest verbum accipi, quasi Petriis ex Vexillario factus sit nionachus;
velChristi vestigiain corpiire suo circumtulerit, sicut D. Paulus etalii;
vel quod criicem assitlue gestarit, uti de quibusdam alii.s legimus :
Gr,(j.ziov enim etiam crucem et signum Filii hominissignificat, Matth.
24, velquod signa fecerit, vel quod lilteris in fronte notatus et iuustus
fuerit, sicutnonniilli infrajtrodibunt Ii1terati,quod sacrasimagines
nohierintdamnare, autrejicere, antproculcare, quodiinpii
quid.iniC.ijsaresiconomachieticonoclastJp factitabant, etabaliisfieri
volebantetcogebant. Reor illuin potius in criicem actuin pro Cliristo.
Naui ita Martyrologium Rom. docet illum aimd Aubinam civitatein
crucis supplicio peremptiim. Arliitratur enjo, Padcrus eunulcm hunc
esse Pctruin qui Aulona' passns dicilAir. l'i Acta
S.PeiviBahamiubAunsta.sio BiblioUiccario Latiiie versa,at(jne a Snrio
editu contuliinus cuni anliifnis Mss. monnsterii S. Bcrtini, monastevii
S. Maximini Treviris, EcclesiM S. Audomari, S. Maruc de Ripatorio, et
aliis. E\ Sunio ET MSS. .S. Pelri [HiIrin. Cousiiinlio iipiiil Pra^si(leiii. *
al Pabulum an parentcs sunl li!)i? I ACTA, ,11 illo temjtore Potrus,
qui et Balsamus.cum comlireheiisus fuisset ajiuJ Aulaiiam civitateiii
teiiipore liersecufiouis, cum esset oriuiiclus a fiiiilius
Eleutlieropolitana; civitatis, oblatus est Severo Prai^siili. Severus ilixit
ad eum ; Quis diceris? Petrus respoiiilit : Nomiiie pateriio Balsamus
ilicor; spirituali vero iiomiue, quoil in iKiptismo accepi.Petrus dicor.
Praises dixil :Quod tihi genusest? Petriis respondit : Cliristiaiius .suui.
Prajses dixit : Qiiod ofncium geris? Petrus respondit ; Hoc m.ajus
officium lialiere non possura : et quod esse potest lioc melius, quaiii
nt sini Christianus? Praeses dixit : " Pareiitcs liabes? Petrus respondit
:Nonhalieo.Pra3ses dixit : Mentiris:audivienini te liabere pareiitcs.
Petrus respondit : In Evangelio •miiii pr^ceptum est oinnia
deiiegare, cum ad numinis m JANUARir. 129 Christi venero
confessionein. Prffises dixit : Nosti prceceptum iniperiale? Petrus
respondit : Ego praeceptiim Dei mei iiovi, qui e.it verus et perpetuus
Rex. Prjeses dixit ; Prasceptum est a clementissimis Principibus,
utomnesChristiani antsacrificent, aut diversis ptenis moriantur. Petrus
respondit : Et hoc veri perpetuique Regis est prseceplnm, si quis
sacriiicaverit daemoniis, et non soli Deo, eradicabitur. Quid ergo
melius est, a te perire, aut a Deo vero in perpetiium eradicari? Tu
judica, si vere est in te aliqua jnstitia. Prieses dixit : Aiidi ine, et
sacrifica diis, et comple jussaPrincipum. Petrus respendit ; Ego
manufactis diis, ligneis et lapideis, quales vos estis, non sacrifico. 2
PriBses dixit : Injuriam nobis facis. Nescis quia potestatem habeo
occidendi te? Petrus respondit : Ego injnriam non facin, sed quod
scriptiim e.st in lege divina, hoc dico. Simulacra, iiiquit, gentium
argentuin et aimim, opera mannum hominum. Os, oculos, na- Psal.
Ii3. 4. res, manus, pedes habent : sed de his neque loquuntur,
neque vident, neqiie odorant, neque audiunt, neque palpant, neqiie
ambulant. Deinde seqiiitnr;Siniiles illis fiantqui facinntea, et omnes
qtii confidunt ineis. Si DoniinusperProphetametSpiritum sanctum
Idota ct cyh:ec dicit, quomodo tii milii dicis, quod injuriam tibi
rumculloirs fecerim, quia dixi similem le lapidibus et lignis niiitis
''"''■'• et surdis, in quibus da?nionia colitis? Et nie persuades tibi
similem ileri? Prasses dixit : Audi me,etmiserere tui, et sacrifica.
Petrns respondit : Tnnc mei niisereor,si non
saerificavero,etaveritatenon discessero. Sed quia infidelis es, et nec
milii credis, nec lege divina;, quia qui diemoniis sacriflcat,
eradicabitur : et semper mihi lioc ingeris dictuni, fac qnod tibi jussum
est. Pra^ses dixit ; Adliuc geropatientiam, expectans ut tecuin
cogitaiis sacrifices et salveris. Petrus respondit : Siiperflua ' mihi
persiiades; facjani, quod *a/. tilii. fiictnrus es^et adiinple opcra piitris
tiii diaboli. Nam ego qnod suades iign suni facturus, nec mihi
Dominus iiieus Jesns Christus permittat. quem colo. 3 Preeses jussit
eiim siispendi ;cumqiie fuisset su- rorqmtiir. spensus, dixit ad enm ;
Qiiid dicis Petre? Numquid * bene sentis in liac snspensione?
numquid reddes sacra? Petrus respondit : Jiibe adhiberi ungulas :
ego enim jani dixi tibi freqnenter, qiiod non sacrifico daemoniis, nisi
soli Deo meo, pro cujus nomine patior. Prajsesjussitenmfortiter
torqueri. Cumque nimiuni vexaretiir priedicabilis DeiMartyr, voceni
doioris non dabat, sed tantuni psallehat. dicens : Uiiam petii a
Domino, haiic reifuiram, ut inli;ibitein in donio Domini omnibus
diebus vitai ineie. Et iternni dicebat : Quid retribuam Domiiio pro
omnihns, qiia* retribnit niihi? Calicem salutaris accipiain, et noiiicn
Doniini invocabo. Haec eo loqnente, amplius excitatus Praeses alios
carnifices jussit accedere. Turba vero adstans, cum videret nimium
sangninem cnrrereperpavimeutuin, dolnit, dicens ad euiii : Miserere
tui honio, et sacriflca,iitteIiberesabhiscrudeIissimispcenis.Sanctus
vero DeiPetriisrespondit^HtepcpniBnuIIie sunt, nec milii aliquem
inciitiiiiit dolorein ; quod si negavero iionien Dei niei,' in veras pauias,
et in majora tor- 'a/. innu nieiita perpetuaingressurum me esse
cognosco. PriE- ""'is ses dixit ; Quid dicis Petre? Sacrifica, aut
poenitebis. Petrus respondit : Ego iiec poenitebo, nec sacrifico.
Prawes dixit ; Ego seutentiam in te profero. Petnis respondit : Hoc
est, quod tota aviilitate expecto. Tunc PrEcses dictavit adversus eiini
senteiitiam, r.nui affinidiceiis : Petrum adiiiodum contemnentem
iiivictissi- liir. raorum Principiim jussa propter legeni Dei sui cruciflxi
seutentiam subire jiriBcipio.' Sic quoque ve- ^ ms. ^crtinerahilis
athleta Christi. compleus agoneni snuni, di- »i(i. Tunc gnus habitus
est passionibiis Domiiii siii participari. crucesus|henMartyrizatus
estautem testisriiristiBidsamus, qui et *"* capiic csi Petrus, apud
Aulanamcivitatem, in Non. Januar. sub !"'''"'*• Maximianolmperatore,
regnante Doinino nostroJesii Christo, cui est gloria in saicnla
sacculorum. Amen. 26 DE * (il. Sncrilicas, an uon?
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130 DE SANCTIS 1\IARTYRIBUS MARTIALE, STATULIANO,

CONSTANTIO, POSSESSORE, HTLARINO, FIRMO, CANDIDO,
ROGATIANO, EUGENIA, LUCIDA, ACUTA, POENICA, IN AFRICA. D /■
hisSiiiiitis^fiirtijrihiisMnrliirologinniS.Hk'- iiiciE. UswmUMiirlijrolotfium
inictiiis editum Ciiloniiv : roiiijmi .Iii Afi'ica Marti,ilis,Statuliani, Con- In
AfricaMartialis, Cyrici, Claudionis.Z)c Clniiilioiiu stanti.Possessoris,
Hilarini, Firnii, Candidi, pniitlo iiifcrius. Cyriciis iilem esse videtur, qiii
Cijriiiiis Rogatiani, Eugeniae, Lucidic, Acutae, Poc- dicitnr, cnm Primo
et Theogene passus. m S. GORDIO COMITE AC CENTURIONE
3IARTYRE C^SARE^. Miirtijrolo{jiuni Riiiiiiuiinn : Caisarejc in
Cappadocia S. Gonlii renturionis, rle cujus laudibus extat pra?
cIaraBasiIii Mapni oratio, in pjiis (lie festo habita. Emlem fere
Galesitiiiis. Meminit et Molntius, ac Germnmcnm Martijrolofjium. 2
Metiolofjium Gnrcornm tioc eodem die : Sancti MartyrisGordii exCa-
sarea CappadocijE:quicuni Licinio Rege esset Conies, et militarem
orflinem -pereret, propter Christian;p fidei confessionem, nobile
martyrium perpessus est : in cujus laudem habita insignis BasiHi
Magni extat oratio. Celebrant cum Memva lioc pvoli.riore elogio : 3
Hic Cappadox fnit. Ca?sarere natus. Licinio imperitante. Comes
dignitate.centum militibus praefectus. Cum vero impiorum
idnlohitrarum impudentiam et impias voces in Christiim sj)argi
soUtas nec ferre nec videre posset. longius secessit, et inter feras
vitam in montibus egit. Sed Christi ardore iucensus, et adversus
Paganorum errores animi robore arniatus, e solitudine vehit leo
prosiliit,utauctorem vanitatis quKreret et invaderet. Jamque in
theatrum ingressus Christum publice Dpum ]>rociamavit. versoque
toto in se spectaculo.ipsoque hidorumPra^side ob libertatem in
stuporem tlato, adeoqne in rabiem verso, feiTO occiibuit. 4 Suriannm
vit.r liujus editionem quibusdam locis ex P. Frontonis Dnavi nc P.
Andreiv ScotU aiiimadverxioinhus emendavim us. DE S. GORDII
LAUDIRUS S. BASILII MAGNI OUATIO. Frcqiientia n EXORDIUM.
atura; lex est apibus innata, f]'atres dilectisiiil ilinmliim. alvearibus
nusquam discedant. Vos autem Dei populum, cum nunc primum ail
Martyres , tamquam ad flores cselestes exeuntes, et huc frequentes
convenire viderim, quo id iluce feceritis exquiro. Quisingentem liunc
iestum excitavit? Quis liyemalem lianc tristitiara in vernam
serenitatem conimutavit, ut populus ex civitatis apdificiis, tamquam
ex apum alvearilius, liilaris egressns, ad suburbanum decus
prieclarumqueMartyris stadium confluei'et? Quoniam igitur et nos,
infirmitatis nostrie oblitos, celebritas Martyris excitavit, age et ipsi
qiioque qnantum vocu contenderelicet, veliiti bonibantes apes,
vernantibus floribus circumfiisiE, prieclara ipsius gesta personemus;
rem quidein piam agentes, siiniil et gratam iis qui adsiint. I)iim eniin
justiis laudatur, populi hff.-ibuntur. Sabmionis lectio nobis nuper
recitata, qiiiil- Piov. 50. nam per lateiitem bujuscemodi proverbii
sensiim sibi velit. niecuin ipse cfigitabam ; aii fi.irte dicat, qiiod
populus oratione magnifica ac plane culta rhetoris cujiisdam
potentis, qiin? aiiditorum aiires demiilceiit, oblectetiir ; prieterea
sermonis ornatum, reriimqiie inventionem ac dispositionem
elegantem exojitet. Qiuid profecto inilii verisimile non videtur, ciim
ipse nusquimi hnjuscemoili dicendi genere nsus fuisse inveniatur.
Nam et Sanctorum memorias orationis et eloquentia: fuco iirosequi,
non fas erat admonere, illi pra;sertim, ciijus scrijita sermone simplici,
niilloque styli apparatii conspiciiintur. 2 Quis ergo illoriim verborum
sensns? Is videlicet, naijniiifSanquod populus spiritinili lietitia gaudet,
si eorum t:in- ''tonm qiio tum adnioneatur, quip jiisti p.atrarunt;
atque inde ad ''''"■'" """" semulationem recte factorum ab iis, quie
audit, ac- ""'"""''"""'■ cenditur. Illorum enim, qni in fideclaruerunt.
historia simplex,velut liicem quamdauiDei cultoribus ad virtiitis iter
ostendit. Qiiaiuobrem cum in s:icris
voluminibusMoysisvitaiii,iniirumque lenitatem. nostra' naturije
magnopere ojitatam, narrante Spiritn saiicto andimiis, statini
ajnuibimur. Quod si reliqiioriimfiicta virorum eloqiientia; floribus
ornantur, Sanctis tantum ad ea, (luas niaxima gessere,
demonstranda, sat fuerit oratio simplex. Itaqiie dum vitam eorum,
qui in pietate conversati snnt, exponimus, Dominum cnm lirimisper
servos sutis glorificamns ; deinde et justos ipsos testimonio eorum,
quie scimus, celebramns, et populum per aiiditiim rei'te factorum
exhilaramus. Joseph diim andimus .autlegimus vitam, illius assequi
castitatem magiiopere cnpiimis. Si vero Samsoni.s nanvitur liistoriii,
ad illiiii imitandam fortitudinem accendimiir. Sacra igitiir scliola
prascepta rhetoriim aut institiita non seqiiitur ; uiidam rernm
exjiositioneni pro encomiis hiibet, quam et Sanctis ac nobis s.atis
esse existimat; illis qiiidem ad virtutis eorura prtecoiiiuni, nobis vero
ad imitationis gloriam atqiie
form;im.EiK;omiorumiiamquelexest,patriEe diguitatem Prirceplii
rlieostendere, geiieris originem ex alto repetere. educa- lomm
Chritionis incuuabiila diligentius referre. Nostra vero lex »""'"'« "*'
'"■priEteritavicinorum mcntiime, abiisquse propriasuiit "''!"'"''"■
uniciiique, tcstiinoiiium accipit. Quidiiam ego sum melior.
 Sancloriim memoriam. tmt iltoniw, sed m.^lri cnnsa
iT/cImimlom. S. Cordii paIria (:a'sart'n. Cordiiis Ceiiliirio fortissiIIIIIS.
AeerbaCatcrii Maximiarti licrsectitio. nielior, si mea civitas olim
man;iia bella gessit, aut de liostibustriiiinpliavit?Sieadeiii optimo sit iii
loco sita, EBState ac hyeme, ca;lique temperie fruatur?Si fertilis est
viris gigiieiulis, si ager pascendo pecori sufficiat, si meliores nutriat
equorum greges, quain usquain reperiantui'?Quid, inquam.ista? An
ad virtutem coiumendatiores uos reddere possunt? An vero si forte
de viciui montis culminibus iiarraverimus, quo pacto
nubestranscendant, etquam longissimein aereni jiorrigantur, nos
ipsos decipiemus taniquam Iiomiuibus per Iisec laudem tribuerimus?
lueptum insuper, si Sauctis, qui res orbis universas contempserunt,
Iiis esse opus comineiidationibus putamus. 3 Igitur nostri tantum
causa profectus, sat fuerit illnrum celebrare memoriam. Non enim
nostris indigent laudibus ornari, sed nns ipsorum vita^ liistoria et
conimemoratione , imitationis gratia, iiidigemus. Queniadmodum
enimexignenaturaliteremicatsplenilor, ex ungueuto quoque prffistanti
diffunditur odor; siceSaiictorumcommeinoratioiiegestorum.adomnes
provenit utilitas, Fuerit Iiautl modici momenti, enrum quae olim
gesta sunt veritatem exacte tenere. Nam obscura quaedam fama,
viri Iiujus prfficlara facta couservans, ad nos usque venit.
Quaiiiobrem pictoribus recte compaj'abiinur. IUi eniiii cum ex
imaginibus imagiues depingunt, uti par est a prima fornia pluiimum
recedunt. Nos item ciiiii rerum gestaniiu
adspectucaruerimus.valdemetuendumneilicendnreruin veritatem
atteramus. Verum quando ejus liodie festuiii celebramus, qui in
Iiujuscemodi die certamen prn Christi nomine subiit, quantum ex
ejus historiai nntitia deprehendere licebit, onarrabimus. NARRATIO. §
1. 5. Gordii palria, honores, vita solilnria. MJ uit hic Martyr
beatissimus civis noster Ca?sareensis : ex quo non miruin si nostrie
mentis affectus ad eum potissimumdirigitur, quodprofecto ad veruin
ac domesticum uobis facit oriiamentum. Nani sicut arbores quiebona
feruntpoma, propria? bonitatislaudem nutrientitribuunt luimo; siciste
exnnstraiurbis prodiensutero,adsuinmiimqueglori!eoulmeiievectus,
patri;e, qute eum produxit atque aluit, domesticoruin pietiitis
fructuum juciinditatem largitus est. Boui sunt quidem et externi
fructus, modo sapore delectent et nutrire possint; sed longe
gratiores sunt externis nostrates ac vernaculi, qui nobis ob
propiuquitatem gloriani quaindam prteter jucunditatem conferre
videiitur. Militiam exercuit, in qua locum admodum insiguera tenuit,
ita ut centum milites ejus imperio parerent: quodque aniini virtute et
corporis viribus praecelleret, cunctis inter ordines militibus
prastantior liabebatur. 5 Ea sane tempestate, cum tyrannus impius,
qui tunc imperitabat, in Christianum iiomen virus sua; feritatis
effunderet, manumque Deo inimicam adversus Ecclesiam exerceret,
tota urbe pra^conis tuba sonabat, toto foro et percompita
tjraunicum promulgabaturedictunv, ne quis Christumadoraret:
quivero contra jussa faceret, niorte plecteretur. Idola proponebantur
adoranda omnibus, lapideaque ac lignea hominum simulachra, pro
vero numine coleuda : et si qui recusarent, extrema intentabantur.
Confundebatur tota civitas, quje rei uovitate attonita, tnta
tuluultuabatur. Christianorurndomussingulae vastalj:intur.
Innocentium facultates diripieljantur. Fidelium et ingenuorum
corpora, carnificum manibus discerpebantur. Matresfamilias per vicos
trahebantur. Nulla juveuum commiseratio, nulla senum reverentia
erat. Iiisontes noxiis ac maleficis digna patiebantur. Complebantur
supra nioduni carceres, ilonius III JANUARII. 131 insigues et
opulentajvacuabantiir. Pleni saltus, plena perfugis loca deserta, ob
iinum tautuni crinien,quod Christuin colerent. Prodebat patrein fllius:
pater filiumaccusabat: frater adversus fratrem insaniebat: servus
dominu insultabat. Adeo diabolicis artibus hominum aniini affecti
tenebautur, ut velut in tenebris agentes, sese minime cognoscerent.
Prajterhjec autem domus orationis profanorum manibus vastabantur,
ari; sanctissimLe evertebantur, nec eratoblatio uUa, nec tliymiama,
neqiie locus sacrificandi erat aniplius relictiis. Cuncta moeror ingens
veluti diflusa caligo occupabat. Sacerdotuni coUegia fugabantur.
Sacer omnis conventus cladem iiisolitam expavesccbat. Dsemones
vero tripudiabant, et nidore ac sangiiine victiinarum infecta cuncta
dabant. G Hajc igitur exenipla crudelia cum Centurio generosus
conspiceret, judiciorum necessitatem antevertens, abjecto militiae
ciugulo, sponte sibi exilium delegit. Itaque relictis honoribus,
relictisomnisgeneris facultatibus, servis, propinquis, amicis,
voluptatibus et rebus aliis, quas ceteri maxime appetere ac magno
studio parare soleiit, ad vasta deserta et hominibiis invialoca
contendit: vitaininter ferasactam
mansuetioremsocietateacconvictuidololatrarumexistimans, Elia;
propheta; secutus exempluin, quiciim Jezabelis
conspiceretimpietateni quotidie invalescentem, iu montis Oreb
speluncam secessit, ac sese ab oiiini humana conversatione, ut
Deiim quffireret ac videret, abdicavit : vidit tiindem, quantum fas est
honiini mortali. Eodein niodo noster Gordius spretis omiiibus.
urbanos fugiens tumultus, fori clainorem, magistratuuni ambitionein,
tribunalium fastum, obtrectatores, ementes, vendeiites, pejerantes,
mentientes, turpiloquium, facetias. et cetera, qus, velut alligatas
puppibus cymbas magnae naves, secum populosae urbes traliiint;
insuper visu audituque ao aiiimo avitiis purgato et libero, Deum
ipsum contemplando videre metuit, tiim magna discere mysteria,
qua8 non ab hominibus, nec per Iiomines fuit edoctus, sed magno
usus praeeeptore Spiritu veritatis. § II. Redit Caisaream: hidos
turbat. \^iiainobrem secum meditans, quam sit fallax et inaiiis vita
luimana, quam omni somnio et uinbra debilior et iinpcrfectior, in
siiperna! illiiis vocatiouis amorem exarsit, ;ic veluti fnrtis athleta, sese
jejuniis, vigiliis, orationibus, perpetua et indesinenti Spiritus sancti
oraculorum nieditatione probe exercit.atum, et ad certamen
instruotnm animadvertens, liuiic niaxime diem observavit, in quo
frequeus civitas visendo equestri spectaciilo erat intenta, quod hoc iu
loco ea tempestate in Mai'tis, seu potius fureiitis belloruin dajinonis
honorem celebrabatur. Popiiliis oinnis ex edito spectabat, iiec ulliis
deerat, noii Judajus, non gentilis, noii itein Christiauorum niultitudo,
quic negligenter viveb.at, et cum vauitatis concilio coininixta
sedebat, iioii ilechn;ins couventus maligiKintium, sed et ipsa tiiin
equorum cursum et aurigaruin agilitatem spectabat. Servi eo die ab
opere liberi, pueri e scholis spectatiim currebant, feminae prostitutas
ac ignobilesaderant : plenumerat stadium, et oninis jam turba
consederat, equestre certanien videre intenta. 8 Tunc nuign.aninius
ac fortis heros per inontis clivuin in tbeatruin properans, nnn
popiilum Imrruit, nou quain hostilibus se manibus traderet pciisit;ivit;
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