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TLE 10
Computer Systems Servicing
Quarter 1 - Week 4

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Network Operating System

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➢Peer to Peer Networking

➢Client Server Networking

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Networking
➢ a peer-to-peer (P2P) network is created when two or more PCs are connected and
share resources without going through a separate server computer. A P2P network
can be an ad hoc connection—a couple of computers connected via a Universal
Serial Bus to transfer files.
➢ A P2P network also can be a permanent infrastructure that links a half-dozen
computers in a small office over copper wires.
➢ Or a P2P network can be a network on a much grander scale in which special
protocols and applications set up direct relationships among users over the
Internet.
➢ Peer-to-peer networking is an approach to computer networking in which all
computers share equivalent responsibility for processing data.
➢ Peer-to-peer networking (also known as peer networking) differs from client-server
networking, where specific devices have responsibility for providing or serving
data, and other devices consume or otherwise act as clients of those servers.
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➢ Peer-to-peer networking is common on small local area networks

(LANs), particularly home networks. Both wired and wireless
home networks can be configured as peer-to-peer environments.
➢ Computers in a peer-to-peer network run the same networking
protocols and software. Peer network devices are often situated
physically near one another, typically in homes, small
businesses, and schools. Some peer networks, however, use the
internet and are geographically dispersed worldwide.
➢ Home networks that use broadband routers are hybrid peer-to-
peer and client-server environments. The router provides
centralized internet connection sharing, but files, printer, and
other resource sharing are managed directly between the local
computers involved.
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Networking

➢ Client-server networking grew in popularity during the 1990s as

personal computers became the alternative to mainframe
computers.
➢ Client-server networking refers to a computer networking model
that uses both client hardware devices and servers, each with
specific functions.
➢ The client-server model can be used on the internet as well as on
a local area network (LAN). Examples of client-server systems on
the internet include web browsers and web servers, FTP clients
and servers, and the DNS.

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Hardware
1.Client devices are typically PCs with network software
applications installed that request and receive information
over the network. In addition, mobile devices function as
clients.
2.Servers store files and databases, including complex
applications and websites. Servers typically feature higher-
powered central processors, more memory, and larger disk
drives than client devices.

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Applications
➢ The client-server model organizes network traffic using a client application and client
devices.
➢ Network clients send messages to a server to make requests of it.
➢ Servers respond to clients by acting on each request and returning the results.
➢ One server supports many clients, and multiple servers can be networked together
in a server pool to handle increased processing loads as the number of clients
grows.
➢ A client computer and a server computer are two separate units of hardware, each
customized for a designed purpose. For example, a web client works best with a
large screen display, while a web server doesn't need a display and can be located
anywhere in the world.
➢ In some cases, however, a given device can function both as a client and a server
for the same application. Additionally, a device that is a server for one application
can simultaneously act as a client to other servers for different applications.
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Networks
➢Many home networks use client-server systems on a small
scale.
➢Broadband routers, for example, contain DHCP servers
that provide IP addresses to the home computers, the
DHCP clients.
➢Other types of network servers found in a home include
print servers and backup servers.

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vs. Peer-to-Peer and Other Models

➢The client-server model of networking was initially

developed to share access to database applications with
many users.
➢Compared to the mainframe model, client-server networking
has better flexibility because connections can be made on-
demand and as needed rather than being fixed.

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Microsoft Windows Server

roles and features

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Server OS

Microsoft Windows Server OS (operating

system) is a series of enterprise-class server
operating systems designed to share services
with multiple users and provide extensive
administrative control of data storage,
applications and corporate networks.

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Network Administration: Roles and Features in Windows Server
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➢ Server roles refer to the roles that your server

can play on your network — roles such as a file
server, a web server, or a DHCP or DNS server.
➢ Features refer to additional capabilities of the
Windows operating system itself, such as the
.NET Framework or Windows Backup.

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What Isedit
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➢Active Directory (AD) is Microsoft’s proprietary directory

service. It runs on Windows Server and allows administrators
to manage permissions and access to network resources.
➢Active Directory stores data as objects. An object is a single
element, such as a user, group, application or device.
➢Active Directory is essential to any Microsoft network built on
the client-server network model–it allows you to have a
central server called a Domain Controller (DC) that does
authentication for your entire network.

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DNS?

Domain Name System (DNS) is one of the industry-

standard suite of protocols that comprise TCP/IP, and
together the DNS Client and DNS Server provide
computer name-to-IP address mapping name resolution
services to computers and users.

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Unit

➢An organizational unit (OU) is a container within a Microsoft

Active Directory domain which can hold users, groups and
computers.
➢It is the smallest unit to which an administrator can assign
Group Policy settings or account permissions.
➢An organizational unit can have multiple OUs within it, but all
attributes within the containing OU must be unique. Active
Directory organizational units cannot contain objects from
other domains.

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Groups
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Active Directory groups are used to assign

permissions to company resources. As a best
practice, you place users into groups and then
apply the groups to an access control list (ACL)

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Active
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➢ Active Directory groups are used to assign permissions to company

resources. As a best practice, you place users into groups and then
apply the groups to an access control list (ACL)
➢ Active Directory Users and Computers (ADUC) is a Microsoft
Management Console snap-in that you use to administer Active
Directory (AD). You can manage objects (users, computers),
Organizational Units (OU), and attributes of each.
➢ ADUC is one of the many tools that you can use to administer AD, but
since it has been around since Windows 2000, it is one of the most
popular.
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Thank You

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