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WT PPT CSS

The document provides an outline for a lesson on Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). It begins with an introduction to CSS, explaining what CSS is and its importance. It then covers the basics of CSS including syntax, selectors like class and ID, and the different types of CSS. The outline also lists topics like the box model, lists, links, positioning, layers, floats, and an introduction to CSS3.

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Parth Kshatriya
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
107 views

WT PPT CSS

The document provides an outline for a lesson on Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). It begins with an introduction to CSS, explaining what CSS is and its importance. It then covers the basics of CSS including syntax, selectors like class and ID, and the different types of CSS. The outline also lists topics like the box model, lists, links, positioning, layers, floats, and an introduction to CSS3.

Uploaded by

Parth Kshatriya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 44

Cascading Style

Sheets (CSS)
Outline
1. Introduction to CSS
• What is CSS?
• Importance of CSS
2. Basics of CSS
• Basic Syntax & Structure
• Class & ID
• Types of CSS
• Multiple selector, Multilevel selector
3. Background
4. Fonts & Text
Unit – 4: CSS 2
Outline (Cont.)
5. Box Model
• Margin, Border, Padding
6. List
• List Type, List with Image, List Position
7. Links
8. CSS Positioning
9. CSS Layers
10. CSS Floating Property
11. Introduction to CSS3
Unit – 4: CSS 3
What is CSS?
. Cascading Style Sheets, fondly referred to as CSS, is a simple
design language intended to simplify the process of making web
pages presentable.
. CSS defines layout of HTML documents. For example, CSS covers
Fonts, colors, margins, lines, height, width, background images,
advanced positions and many other things.

Unit – 4: CSS 4
Importance of CSS
. CSS defines HOW HTML elements are to be displayed.
. Styles are normally saved in external .css files.
. External style sheets enable you to change the appearance and
layout of all the pages in a Web site, just by editing one single file.
. Advantages :
• Improves Website Presentation
• External CSS makes Updates Easier and Smoother
• External CSS helps Web Pages Load Faster
. Disadvantages :
• Browser Dependent
• Difficult to retrofit in old websites

Unit – 4: CSS 5
Basic Syntax of CSS
. A CSS rule has two main parts: a selector, and one or more
declarations

h1 {color:blue; font-size: 12px;}

. The selector can be HTML element, id or class.


. Each declaration consists of a property and a value.
. The property is the style attribute you want to change. Each
property has a value.

Unit – 4: CSS 6
The “id” selector
. The id selector is used to specify a style for a single, unique
element.
. The id selector uses the id attribute of the HTML element, and is
defined with a "#“ in css.
. The style rule below will be applied to the element with
id="para1":

HTML CSS
<h1 id=“para1”> #para1{
Hello Friends color: blue;
</h1> }

<h1> Output
How are you Hello Friends
</h1> How are you

7
The “class” selector
. The class selector is used to specify a style for a group of
elements.
. The class selector uses the HTML class attribute, and is defined
with a ".“ in css.

HTML CSS
<h1 class=“myClass”> .myClass{
Hello Friends color: blue;
</h1> }
<h1>
How are you
</h1> Output
<h1 class=“myClass”> Hello Friends
How are you How are you
</h1> How are you

Unit – 4: CSS 8
Different ways to write CSS
. There are three ways of writing a style sheet:
1. Inline Style
2. Internal/Embedded Style sheet
3. External Style Sheet

Unit – 4: CSS 9
1) Inline Style
. It is possible to place CSS right in your HTML code, and this
method of CSS usage is referred to as inline css.
. Inline CSS has the highest priority out of external, internal, and
inline CSS.
. This means that you can override styles that are defined in
external or internal by using inline CSS.
. If you want to add a style inside an HTML element all you have to
do is specify the desired CSS properties with the style HTML
attribute.
. Example:
HTML
<p style="background: blue; color: white;"> My Inline CSS </p>

Unit – 4: CSS 10
2) Internal Style Sheet
. This type of CSS is only for Single Web Page.
. When using internal CSS, we must add a new tag, <style>, inside
the <head> tag.
. The HTML code below contains an example of <style>'s usage.
HTML
<html><head>
<style type="text/css">
p{ color: red;}
</style>
</head><body>
<p>Your page's content!</p></body>
</html>

Unit – 4: CSS 11
3) External Style Sheet
. When using CSS it is preferable to keep the CSS separate from
your HTML.
. Placing CSS in a separate file allows the web designer to
completely differentiate between content (HTML) and design
(CSS).
. External CSS is a file that contains only CSS code and is saved with
a ".css" file extension.
. This CSS file is then referenced in your HTML using the <link>
instead of <style>.

Unit – 4: CSS 12
3) External Style Sheet (Cont.)
. Example :
Demo.html test.css
<html> #para1{
<head> text-align: center;
<link rel=“stylesheet” type=“text/css” }
href=“test.css”> p
</head> {
<body> color : blue;
}
<p> Hello Friends </p>
<p id=“para1”> How are you? </p> Output
Hello Friends
</body> How are you?
</html>

13
3) External Style Sheet (Cont.)
. Advantages:
• It keeps your website design and content separate.
• It's much easier to reuse your CSS code if you have it in a separate file.
Instead of typing the same CSS code on every web page you have, simply
have many pages refer to a single CSS file with the "link" tag.
• You can make drastic changes to your web pages with just a few changes in
a single CSS file.

Unit – 4: CSS 14
Assign Multiple Classes
. We can apply different class to same html element by giving space
separated class names in the class attribute:

Demo.html test.css
<html> . class1
<head> {
<link rel=“stylesheet” type=“text/css” color : blue;
href=“test.css”> }
</head> . class2
<body> {
text-align : center;
<h1 class=“class1 class2”> }
How are you?
</h1> Output

</body>
How are you?
</html>

Unit – 4: CSS 15
Multiple Selection
. We can apply same css to multiple selectors using comma
separated selector list, for example :

Demo.html test.css
<html> p, h1
<head> {
<link rel=“stylesheet” type=“text/css” color : blue;
href=“test.css”> }
</head>
<body>

<p> Hello Friends </p>


<h1> How are you? </h1> Output
Hello Friends
</body>
</html>
How are you?

Unit – 4: CSS 16
Multi-level Selection
. We can use hierarchical path to target html element by space
separated element/class/id names, for example :

Demo.html test.css
<html> div h1
<head> {
<link rel=“stylesheet” type=“text/css” color : blue;
href=“test.css”> }
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello Friends…</h1>
<div>
<h1>How are you?</h1> Output
</div> Hello Friends…
How are you?
</body>
</html>

Unit – 4: CSS 17
Background Property
Property Name

. Background Color (background-color)


. Background Image (background-image)
. Background Image Repeat (background-repeat)
. Fixed Background Image (background-attachment)
. Background Image Positioning (background-position)

Unit – 4: CSS 18
Background Color

. The background color property specifies the background color of


an element.
. The background color of a page is defined in the body selector:
. Below is example of CSS backgrounds

test.css
body
{
background-color : red;
background-color : #FF0000;
background-color : rgb(255,0,0);
}

Unit – 4: CSS 19
Unit – 4: CSS 19
Background Image

. The background-image property specifies an image to use as the


. For Example,

body
{
background-image : url(‘pathTo image.jpg’);
Or
background-image: url("img_tree.gif"), url("paper.gif");
}

Unit – 4: CSS 20
Background Image Repeat
. Yo u can have a background image repeat vertically (y-axis),
horizontally (x-axis), in both direction or in neither direction

Unit – 4: CSS 21
Fixed Background Image
. The background-attachment property sets whether a background
image is fixed or scrolls with the rest of the page.
. For Example,
test.css
body
{
background-image : url(‘pathToImage.jpg’);
background-repeat : no-repeat;
background-attachment : fixed;
}

Unit – 4: CSS 22
Background Image Positioning
The Background-position property sets the starting position of a
background image

Unit – 4: CSS 26
CSS Font
. CSS font properties define the font family, boldness, size, and the
style of a text.
Property Name

1. Font Color (color)


2. Font Family (font-family)
3. Font Size (font-size)
4. Font Style (font-style)
5. Font Weight (font-weight)
6. Font Variant (font-variant)

Unit – 4: CSS 24
CSS Font (Cont.)
h4{
. Font Color color : red;
• Set the text-color for different elements }
h4{
. Font Family font-family : sans-serif;
• The font family of a text is set with the }
font-family property. h4{
font-size: 120%;
. Font Size font-size : 10px;
• The font-size property sets the size of font-size : small;
font-size : smaller;
the text. font-size : x-small;
• font-size : 120% font-size : xx-small;
• font-size : 10px; font-size : large;
font-size : larger;
• font-size : x-large; font-size : x-large;
font-size : xx-large;
font-size : medium;
}
Unit – 4: CSS 25
CSS Font (Cont.)
. Font Style h4{
font-style: italic ;
• The font-style property is mostly used to }
specify italic text.
h4{
. Font Weight font-weight : 300;
• The font-weight property sets how thick font-weight : bolder;
or thin characters in text should be font-weight : lighter;
}
displayed.
. Font Variant h4{
font-variant: small-caps;
• The font-variant property specifies
whether or not a text should be }
displayed in a small-caps font.
• font-variant : small-caps;

Unit – 4: CSS 26
CSS Text Property
. While CSS Font covers most of the traditional ways to format your
text, CSS Text allows you to control the spacing, decoration, and
alignment of your text.
Property Name

1. Text Decoration (text-decoration)


2. Text Indent (text-indent)
3. Text Align (text-align)
4. Text Transform (text-transform)
5. White Space (white-space)
6. Word Spacing (word-spacing)
7. Letter Spacing (letter-spacing)
8. Line Height (line-height)

Unit – 4: CSS 27
CSS Text Property (Cont.)
. Text Decoration
h4{
• The text-decoration property is used to text-decoration : line-through;
set or remove decorations from text. text-decoration : overline;
text-decoration : underline;
• The text-decoration property is mostly text-decoration : none;
used to remove underlines from links for }
design purposes.
. Text Indent h4{
text-indent : 20px;
• The text-indentation property is used to text-indent : 30%;
specify the indentation of the first line of }
a text. h4{
. Text Align text-align : right;
text-align : justify;
• The text-align property is used to set the text-align : left;
horizontal alignment of a text. text-align : center;
}

Unit – 4: CSS 28
CSS Text Property (Cont.)
. Text Transform h4{
• The text-transform property is used to text-transform : capitalize;
text-transform : uppercase;
specify uppercase and lowercase letters
text-transform : lowercase;
in a text. }
. White Space
• The white-space attribute allows you to h4{
white-space : nowrap;
prevent text from wrapping until you
}
place a break <br /> into your text.
. Word Spacing
• With the CSS attribute word-spacing you h4{
word-spacing : 10px;
are able to specify the exact value of the }
spacing between your words. Word-
spacing should be defined with exact
values.

Unit – 4: CSS 29
CSS Text Property (Cont.)
. Letter Spacing h4{
letter-spacing : 3px;
• With the CSS attribute letter-spacing you
}
are able to specify the exact value of the
spacing between your letters. Letter-
spacing should be defined with exact
values.
. Line Height h4{
• The line-height attribute will set the line-height : 10px;
height of the line in the page. }

Unit – 4: CSS 30
The Box Model
. All HTML elements can be considered as boxes. In CSS, the term
"box model" is used when talking about design and layout.
. The CSS box model is essentially a box that wraps around HTML
elements, and it consists of: margins, borders, padding, and the
actual content.
. The box model allows us to place a border around elements and
space elements in relation to other elements.

Unit – 4: CSS 31
The Box Model (Cont)
. The image below illustrates the box model:
Margin
Border
Padding
Content

Unit – 4: CSS 32
The Box Model (Cont)

margin-top
border-top
padding-top

Content

padding-bottom
border-bottom
margin-bottom

Unit – 4: CSS 33
CSS Padding
. The CSS padding properties define h4{
padding : 10px;
the space between the element
}
border and the element content.
. The top, right, bottom, and left h4{
padding-top : 10px;
padding can be changed padding-right : 20px;
independently using separate padding-bottom : 30 px;
padding-left : 40 px;
properties. }
. A shorthand padding property can h4{
also be used, to change all padding padding : 10px 20px 30px 40px;
}
at once.

Unit – 4: CSS 34
CSS Border
. The CSS border properties allow you to h4{
specify the style and color of an element's border : 1px solid red;
border. }
. Border Style Types
h4{
• The border-style property specifies what kind of
border-style : solid;
border to display.
border-style : dotted;
. Border Width border-style : double;
• The border-width property is used to set the }
width of the border.
. Border Color h4{
border-width : 7px;
• The border-color property is used to set the
color of the border. }
• Border colors can be any color defined by RGB, h4{
hexadecimal, or key terms. Below is an example border-color : red;
of each of these types. }
. The top, right, bottom, and left border can
be changed independently using separate h4{
properties. border-top : 1px solid red;
}
Unit – 4: CSS 35
CSS Margin
. The CSS margin properties define the h4{
margin: 10px;
space around elements
}

h4{
. The top, right, bottom, and left margin -top : 10px;
margin can be changed margin -right : 20px;
margin -bottom : 30 px;
independently using separate margin -left : 40 px;
properties. }

. A shorthand margin property can h4{


margin : 10px 20px 30px 40px;
also be used, to change all margins at }
once.

Unit – 4: CSS 36
CSS List ul{
list-style-type: circle;
. The CSS list properties allow you to: list-style-type: disc;
• Set different list item markers for list-style-type: square;
list-style-type: armenian;
ordered & unordered lists list-style-type: cjk-ideographic;
• Set an image as the list item marker list-style-type: decimal-leading-zero;
list-style-type: georgian;
• Set the position of the marker list-style-type: hebrew;
. CSS List Style Type list-style-type: katakana;
list-style-type: lower-greek;
. CSS List with Image }

. CSS List Position ol{


list-style-image : url(‘imgPath’);
}

ol{
list-style-position : outside;
list-style-position : inside;
}
Unit – 4: CSS 37
Styling Links
. Anchor/Link States a:link{
color:#FF0000;
• The four links states are:
/*unvisited link*/
1. a:link - a normal, unvisited link }
2. a:visited - a link the user has visited a:visited{
3. a:hover - a link when the user text-decoration : none;
/*visited link*/
mouse over it }
4. a:active - a link the moment it is
a:hover{
clicked color:#00FF00;
/*mouse over link*/
}

a:active{
color:#0000FF;
/*selected link*/
}

Unit – 4: CSS 38
CSS Positioning
. Absolute Positioning
h1{
• With absolute positioning, you define the position : absolute;
exact pixel value where the specified left : 50px;
HTML element will appear. top : 100px;
• The point of origin is the top-left of the }
browser's viewable area, so be sure you
are measuring from that point.
. Relative Positioning h1{
• Relative positioning changes the position position : relative;
of the HTML element relative to where it left : 50px;
normally appears. top : 100px;
}
. Fixed Positioning
• The element is positioned relative to the h1{
browser window, in fixed position, position : fixed;
element will be in the same place even we top : 50px;
left : 100px;
scroll the screen.
}

Unit – 4: CSS 39
CSS Layers
. CSS allows you to control which item will
appear on top with the use of layers.
. In CSS, each element is given a priority.
. If there are two overlapping CSS position
elements, the element with the higher
priority will appear on top of the other.
. To manually define a priority, set the z-index
value. The larger the value, the higher the
priority the element will have.

Unit – 4: CSS 40
CSS Float Property
. The CSS float property defines that an element should be taken
out of the normal flow of the document and placed along the left
or right side
. Text and inline elements will then wrap around this element.

Unit – 4: CSS 42
CSS Float Property
. The CSS float property defines that an element should be taken
out of the normal flow of the document and placed along the left
or right side
. Text and inline elements will then wrap around this element.

Unit – 4: CSS 43
Introduction to CSS3
. CSS3 is the latest standard for CSS.
. CSS3 is completely backwards-compatible with earlier versions of
CSS.
. CSS3 has been split into "modules". It contains the "old CSS
specification" (which has been split into smaller pieces). In
addition, new modules are added.
. CSS3 Transitions are a presentational effect which allow property
changes in CSS values, such as those that may be defined to occur
on :hover or :focus, to occur smoothly over a specified duration –
rather than happening instantaneously as is the normal behaviour.
. Transition effects can be applied to a wide variety of CSS
properties, including background-color, width, height, opacity, and
many more.
Unit – 4: CSS 44
Introduction to CSS3 (Cont)
. Some of the most important CSS3 modules are:
• CSS Animations and Transitions
• Calculating Values With calc()
• Advanced Selectors
• Generated Content and Counters
• Gradients
• Webfonts
• Box Sizing
• Border Images
• Media Queries
• Multiple Backgrounds
• CSS Columns

Courtesy : http://tutorialzine.com/2013/10/12-awesome-css3-features-you-can-finally-use/

Unit – 4: CSS 45

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