O P E R A T I N G S Y S T E M

F U N D A M E N T A L S
THE OPERATING
SYSTEM

In a computer, operating system,

often abbreviated as OS, is a powerful
program that manages computer
hardware resources and other
software on a computer.
MULTIUSER – Allows one or more user

MULTIPROCESSING – Support the execution

of multiple processes in one CPU

MULTITASKING – Allows user to execute

more than one program at the same time.

MULTITHREADING – Allows different parts

of a program to run concurrently

REAL-TIME – Is designed to run the program

at a scheduled time.
O S M A N U FA C T U R E R A N D
VERSIONS
WINDOWS BY

Is a series of operating system for personal

computers that was developed by MICROSOFT
CORPORATION. It runs almost 90-% of the
computers in the entire world.
MAC OS X by APPLE, INC.

Is a line of Apple operating system

that offers a graphical user interface
in every macintosh computer system.
Mac OS X provides a 3-D desktop
appearance for the user. It supports
different development platforms such
as UNIX and Java.
RED HOT ENTERPRISE LINUX OF RED
H AT, I N C .
• Is an open-source operating system designed
specifically for businesses.
• The code of software is available for anyone and
developers are free to improve the software
SUSE ENTERPRISE LINUX by NOVELL,
INC.
Is a Linux-based operating
system used for servers and
desktops and was developed by
SUSE. It is an interoperable
platform that is vital to the
operation of an organization.
UBUNTU BY CANONICAL LTD.
Is an open source operating system based on the
Debian GNU/Linux distribution. Sponsored by the
UK-based company canonical ltd,. Owned by
south African entrepreneur Marx Shuttleworth.
Suitable for both desktop and server user .
QNX by QNX SOFTWARE SYSTEM

Is a Unix like operating system originally

developed for embedded system.
It is a microkernel-based operating system
which breaks down various components of OS
into small programs called server.
Was developed by Gordon Bell and Dan Dodge,
which was later acquired by Blackberry.
 VXWORKS
VXWORKS by SYSTEM,
by WIND RIVER WINDINC.
RIVER SYSTEM,
INC.
Is a commercial real-time
operating system intended for
embedded devices.
This operating system is widely
used in defense, aerospace,
robotics, energy, etc.
Similar to Unix however Xworks
uses less processing power and
runs faster because the content is
saved on a minimal basis.
Developed by Win River.
INSTALLING THE OPERATING
SYSTEM
INSTALLING THE OPERATING SYSTEM
When installing windows, the user is
prompted to choose between two options
on how it can be installed;

a. Upgrade – When selected it will replace

the current version of windows 10 while
keeping the files, settings and other
program.
b. Custom – this option will replace version
of windows 10 and erase everything on
the computer. Sometimes referred to as
a clean installation.
 SETTING THE BIOS
BIOS is an electronic set of instructions that a computer uses to test
the hardware to complete the system sartup. It contains all the code
required to control the keyboard, display screen, disk drives, serial
communications, and number of miscellaneous functions.

Before installing the new operating system the computer needs to be

configured first. This can be done by inserting a bootable device on a
computer. The BIOS can be accessed by pressing F11, F10 or DELETE
KEYS- depending on the BIOS manufacturer.
To do this:
1. Insert a bootable media device on the
computer and power on the computer.
2. Press the Esc, F10, F11, F2 and Del key on
the keyboard repeatedly until the BIOS
Setup screen appears. If nothing
happens press F1 repeatedly.
3. Move the cursor using the arrow keys
and hit Boot tab. Select option that the
computer will use to boot the system.
4. Press F10 to Save and Exit the BIOS
setup. The computer will start and ready
to install windows 10.
5. When the message “Press any key to
continue” appear press immediately.
W I N D O W S 1 0 I N S TA L L AT I O N
Windows 10 has become the most popular
operating system for laptops and desktops
all over the globe. To install this on the
computer, choose either to upgrade the
operating system. A clean installation is the
best way to start with when the device is
having performance issues and get rid of
errors, viruses and other types of malware
and fix system corruption.
To do this:

1. Start the installation by

inserting a bootable
device or media on the
computer.
2. On the Windows setup
screen, select a language,
time and currency format
and keyboard layout then
click next to continue
3. Click the install now
button and wait for a few
seconds for the setup to
start.
4. When the activate Windows screen
appears, enter a genuine product key
then click next. If reinstalling Windows
10, click the “I don’t have a product
key”link to continue. It will automatically
activate the operating system with a
license associated with the computer
hardware on Microsoft server once it is
installed.
5. After entering valid product key, select
the edition of windows 10(if applicable).
This selection must match with the
edition of the product key then click next.
6. Read the EULA or End User License
Agreement and check the “I accept the
license terms”option and click the Accept
button.
7. In the next window click Custom to
perform a clean installation and remove
everything on the computer.( if upgrading
click upgrade )

8. Next, highlight or choose the disk

partition where to install the copy of
windows 10 then click Next button. If there
is more than one partition on the drive,
delete the other partition by clicking on the
drive options. Make sure the partition is
highlighted and click on delete.

Note: Deleting the partition will erase all

data on the system. Be sure to have a
backup of the important files before doing
this.
If planning to install a dual
boot operating system, it is
good to decide how much
drive space will be allocated
foreach system.
Partitioning refers to the act
of dividing a hard disk drive
into multiple logical storage
units.

9. After selecting a partition

for the windows, the
installing windows dialog
box will appear.
10. Once installation is
completed, a blue color
screen will appear. Here click
on Use Custom Settings
button to go default settings
or click customize.

11. Now type a name and

password to create the
account then click next.
12. Keep following the instruction as mentioned on the screen and in few seconds
Windows 10 home screen will appear.
CONFIGURING

Now that the Windows 10 system is completely installed , next in line is

to configure the operating system and its component. It is important to
know how to setup all the necessary software for the computer to work
properly.
UPDATING WINDOWS 10
Windows update is used to install new improvement settings on the computer if
there is available.

To update Windows 10
• On the start button, select settings and click Update and Security. The Windows
Update will appear on the right side of the dialog box.
COMPUTER DEVICE DRIVERS

Any hardware components can work with Windows as long as the appropriate
drive is installed. Drivers are small software programs that help the operating
system use or drive the device.
MONITOR DRIVER INSTALLATION

1. Right click on windows button and

select control panel.
2. Choose System and Security option
3. When the System and Security
windows appears, click system.
4. On the left side of the window,
click on the Device manager option
to view the full list of hardware in
the PC.
5. Lastly, click Monitor to see a list of
generic monitors. Windows can
recognize if it is a plug and play
monitor but it does not list the
exact model.
DEALING WITH DRIVERS PROBLEMS
Problems arises when the hardware does not have the correct driver
installed on the computer. If a problem occurs, see if there is a CD or
disk that come along with the device or look for the manufacturers
website and download the driver.
MISSING DEVICE DRIVERS
• The device doesn’t appear on the
list
• The device appears in the unknown
category with a question mark on
its icon
• The device has an X on its icon
• The device has an exclamation
point in its icon

To do this:
1. Double click on the device.
Under the general tab, look for
the device status.
2. On the device status, the user
will see a message about the
device.
UPDATING DEVICE DRIVERS
Different hardware manufacturers periodically release new updated versions of
their drivers for different operating systems.

The updated file can be in the form of:

• An executable installation file with a . EXE extension

• An executable self-extracting zip file with a. EXE extension
• A zip file that needs unzipping containing the file needed to run a setup utility.
• A zip file containing bare files that require manual installation
To update a device

1. Access the Device

Manager, and then
select the device
that needs to be
updated.
2. Double click or
right click the
device to open the
Device Properties.
3. Click on Update
Driver button.
GETTING A NEW DRIVER
1. First, identify the model of the specific hardware.
2. Go to the website of the hardware manufacturer.
3. If the user is already on the website, locate the download area
and choose the specific driver for the hardware.
4. Download and save the driver on the computer.
5. Once the download is finished , extract the file.
6. Lastly, when the installation is complete update the driver in the
device manager.
iSummary
The operating system (OS) manages all of the software and hardware
on the computer. It performs basic tasks such as file, memory and
process management, handling input and output, and controlling
peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.
THANK YOU…