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Description
Summary
本章小结
- Problem decomposition involves breaking a large problem into smaller tasks.
- We use functions to perform problem decomposition in our programs.
- Each function must solve one small, well-defined task.
- Functions reduce duplication, make it easier to test our code, and reduce the likelihood of bugs.
- Unit testing involves checking that the function does what we expect on a variety of different inputs.
- A function header or signature is the first line of code of the function.
- Parameters are used to provide information to functions.
- The function header indicates the name of the function and names of its parameters.
- We use return to output a value from a function.
- A docstring uses the names of each function parameter to describe the purpose of the function.
- To ask Copilot to write a function, we provide it the function header and docstring.
- We get a function to do its work by calling it with values (also called arguments) for its parameters.
- A variable is a name that refers to a value.
- A helper function is a small function written to make it easier to write a bigger function.
- A leaf function doesn’t call any other function to do its job.
- To test whether a function is correct, we call it with different types of inputs.
- Every Python value has a type, such as a number, text (string), true/false value (bool), or collection of values (list or dictionary).
- Prompt engineering involves modifying our prompt for Copilot to influence the code that we get back.
- We need to ensure that we import any module (such as string) our code is using.
- “问题分解”是指将一个大问题拆解为多个小任务。
- 我们利用函数来实现程序中的问题分解。
- 每个函数都应解决一个小而具体的任务。
- 函数可以减少代码重复,让测试代码变得更容易,并且减少了出现 bug 的可能性。
- “单元测试”是我们通过各种不同的输入来验证函数的行为是否符合我们的预期。
- “函数头”或“函数签名”是该函数的首行代码。
- “参数”用于向函数传递信息。
- 函数头显示了函数的名称和它的参数名称。
- 我们使用
return
来让函数返回一个值。 - 文档字符串会用到函数的各个参数名来描述函数的用途。
- 要让 Copilot 编写函数,我们需要提供函数头和相关的文档字符串。
- 我们在调用函数时需要为其参数传入具体的值(也称为“实参”),从而让它发挥出实际的作用。
- “变量”是一个名字,指向一个值。
- “辅助函数”是一种小型函数,我们写它是为了简化更大函数的编写过程。
- “叶子函数”在完成自身任务时,不会调用其他任何函数。
- 为了测试函数是否正确,我们需要用不同类型的输入去调用它。
- 在 Python 中,每个值都有类型,比如数字、文本(字符串)、真/假(布尔值)、或多个值的集合(列表或字典)。
- “提示工程”指的是我们修改向 Copilot 给出的提示词,从而影响它给出的代码。
- 我们需要确保代码用到的任何模块(例如
string
)都已经导入了。