https://drafts.fxtf.org/filter-effects/#FilterProperty says:
The compositing model follows the SVG compositing model [SVG11]: first any filter effect is applied, then any clipping, masking and opacity. As per SVG, the application of filter has no effect on hit-testing.
which implies that overflow (a type of clipping) is applied after the filter. This suggests that overflow:clip would clip out the part of a drop-shadow filter that extends outside the box. However, Chrome and Firefox don't do this, but WebKit does.
Test: https://codepen.io/smfr/pen/XJbRaeb
Or does the clipping above only apply to clip-path, which is more akin to SVG-style clipping?