(This is a follow-up of recent changes from #12401 following the resolution in #8376.)
https://drafts.csswg.org/css-conditional-5/#style-container
The syntax of a <style-feature> is either the same as for a valid declaration
But the syntax of <style-feature-plain> has recently been made explicit with <style-feature-name> : <style-feature-value>, with <style-feature-value> defined as <declaration-value>, which does not accept !.
In Chrome, it seems that style(--custom: 1 !important) evaluates to true regardless of whether the declaration of --custom: 1 for the container has a priority or not.