The grid shorthand section has this spec text in the explanation of its syntax:
Sets up auto-flow, by setting the tracks [...] grid-auto-flow is also set to either row or column accordingly, with dense if it’s specified.
All other properties are reset to their initial values.
Link: https://drafts.csswg.org/css-grid-1/#grid-shorthand
Nit about the above quote: "All other properties" is a bit too broad. Taken literally, it means that a "grid: ..." declaration would reset completely unrelated properties like e.g. font-face, stroke-width, etc. to their initial values. That's clearly not the intent, but it's what the spec literally says right now.
I think this really wants to say:
All other grid sub-properties are reset to their initial values.