In the CSS Containment Module L3 we define container-type, and container-name properties, along with a container shorthand.
I personally think "container" is the clearest term we have for this feature (and twitter seems to agree, but there is some potential for confusion. We already have a (related but different) contain property, and many other variations pm "container" terminology in CSS specifications.
Other names that have been suggested:
query (clear association, but the verb doesn't entirely make sense when applied to the containing element)
context
component
module
structure
viewbox
enclosure
compartment
Unfortunately, many of these alternative also have existing meaning that could cause confusion.
(Depending on the language we choose, @container may also need to be updated.)