[css-images] Can't use stripes() as an <image>

[Loirooriol]

https://drafts.csswg.org/css-images-4/#stripes

If used generically as an <image>, the painting area is the height of the concrete image size.

This was written when <1d-image> was proposed as an <image>. This idea was later dropped, so the sentence above doesn't make sense.

[thecalamiity]

@Loirooriol I cannot find that paragraph anymore. Looks like it was removed.

[Loirooriol]

Removed in a71367a.