DEMOCRACY AND ILLITERACY DO NOT MOVE TOGETHER

A- Introduction
B- Basic Tenets of Democracy
C- Facts which prove that democracy and illiteracy cannot move together
1. Illiterate population cannot choose visionary and capable leaders
2. Illiterate populace cannot hold leaders accountable for their failure to perform
3. Illiteracy entrenches feudal norms and suppresses liberties
4. Illiterate population provides a fertile ground for dictatorship
5. Illiteracy blurs awareness of fundamental rights leading to poor governance
6. Illiterate population cannot make rulers adopt people friendly policies
7. Illiterate masses do not demand transparency in Govt affairs
8. Illiteracy maintains gender gap, resulting in inequality and inequity
9. Illiteracy promotes extremism resulting in dangerous atmosphere for minorities
10. Illiterate masses fail to appreciate their right to organise and protest in response to oppressive
Govt policies.
11. Illiterate masses cannot harness the power of social media to raise important issues
12. E-governance is the future but it thrives only in an educated society
D- Causes of the prevalence of illiteracy
 Persistent want of Political will
 Inadequate budgetary allocations
 Regressive cultural norms
 The ghost of Gender inequality
 Persistently prevailing poverty
E- Recommendations for proliferation of literacy leading to stronger democracy
1. Enhancement of GDP spending on Education
2. Devising of scrupulously designed and thoroughly implemented educational policies
3. Prioritization of Education as the most pressing challenge
4. Encouragement of women participation and removal of peculiar barriers to girls education
5. Convincing of poor parents to send their children to school by offering financial incentives
6. Initiation of Public Private partnership for increasing the number of schools and colleges
7. Provision of free transportation to students of rural and distant areas
8. Constructive role of media and civil society
F- Conclusion
 BACKWARDNESS OF WOMEN LEADS TO BACKWARDNESS OF THE
NATION.
1. Introduction:
2. Different facts of women backwardness:
• Illiteracy.
• Economic deprivation.
• Malnutrition.
• Limited role in decision making.
• Sexual Harassment.
• Domestic Violence.
• Early or Childhood marriages.
• Excessive pregnancies.
3. Does backwardness of women leads to backwardness of the nation:
Yes it’s true! It’s backwardness of women that:
• results in morally weak society which is full of:
- Crimes.
- Corruption and favoritism.
- Ineptness and incompetence.
- Drug addiction.
• Wreak havoc with the economy of the country by affecting:
- Decrease in GDP.
- Decrease in Exports.
- Decrease in the tax revenue of the state.
- Rise in Inflation.
- Increase in poverty.
• Adversely affects the health of the nation because of:
- Poor knowledge of hygiene and cleanliness.
- Poor knowledge of Nutrition.
- Ignorance of ways to stay healthy.
• Generates the issue of overpopulation:
• Creates deteriorates impact on the image of the country.
4. Causes of women backwardness:
• Religious Causes:
- Negative role of so-called religious leaders.
- Misinterpretation of religious injunctions.
- Less consideration of Ijtihad in Muslim states.
• Political Causes:
- Lack of political will.
- Poor of insufficient legislation.
- Lack of representation in decision making.
• Social Causes:
- Illiteracy of men.
- Taboos, customs and traditions.
- Security issues.
- High rate of childbirth.
• Economic Causes:
- Poverty at domestic level.
- Budgetary constraint at national level.
- Lack of economic opportunities.
5. Different steps being taken at national and international level for women
empowerment:
• Millennium Development Goals MDGs:
• Sustainable Development Goals:
• Different laws and Policies:
• Awareness Campaigns:
• Role of NGOs:
6. Recommendations for the Amelioration of women conditions:
• Propagation of True Massage of Islam Through Moderate Religious Leaders:
• Enactment and Strict Implementation of Laws for:
- End of domestic violence.
- Provide security at workplace.
- Control early childhood marriages.
• Fixation and enhancement of Quotas in:
- Elected bodies at national as well as provincial legislature.
- Educational Institutions.
- Jobs in Public as well as private sector.
• Counseling of the Male Members of the Society:
• Awareness Campaigns:
• Allocation of More Budget for:
- Women education.
- Population control programs.
- Soft loans.
- Women’s health and nutrition.
7. Some other recommendations for the development of a nation:
• Focus on Education:
• Allocation of More Budget for Research and Development:
• Eradication of Corruption:
• Sustenance of Democracy and Political Stability:
• Rule of Law:
• Promotion of Accountability culture:
• Devolution of Power and Authority:
8. Conclusion
 PAK-CHINA RELATIONS

1. Introduction:
2. Some Facts about China and Pakistan:
3. Historical evidence of Pak-China Friendship:
- Border settlement between Pakistan and China.
- Role of China in Pakistan-India war.
- Chinese support for Pakistan at UNSC.
- China and Nuclear Program of Pakistan.
- Role of China in the Defense needs of Pakistan.
- Pakistan’s support to China at the times of isolation.
- Pakistan’s role in bridging the gap between China and US.
4. Present Contours of Pak-China Relations:
• Economic Aspect:
- Chinese investment in the form of CPEC.
- Flourishing trade between two countries.
- FDI share from China.
- Cheap exports and Imports for China.
• Social Aspect:
- Infrastructure development in Pakistan.
- Ongoing and future energy projects in Pakistan.
- Efforts for the eradication of terrorism.
- Upgraded living standards in Pakistan.
- Disaster management in Pakistan.
• Political Aspect:
- Strings of Pearls policy.
- India as a mutual enemy.
- Stability of Afghanistan.
- US inclination toward India.
- Pakistan’s SCO membership.
- Strategic importance of Gwadar for China.
5. Challenges to the Friendship:
- Uyghur separatist’s movement.
- Targeted killings of Chinese workers in Pakistan.
- Pakistan’s engagement with the US.
- Changing nature of China-India relationship.
- Failure of CPEC project.
- Increasing gaps between economies of both countries.
- Lack of harmony in political parties of Pakistan.
6. Recommendations for future Strengthening of Bonds:
• Pakistan’s Role:
- No Support for terrorism in Xinjiang.
- Provision of foolproof security to Chinese workers.
- Political consensus over national agenda.
- Early implementation of CPEC Projects.
- No Overtures to US at the cost of China.
- Struggle for improvement of national image.
- Joint efforts for stability in Afghanistan.
• China’s Role:
- Support for Kashmir Cause.
- More assistance in energy projects.
- Enhanced trade ties.
- Assistance in the field of Education and research and development.
- Pakistan’s entry into SCO.
7. Conclusion:

A SOURCE OF CONNECTING PEOPLE OR DISCONNECTING THEM.

1. Introduction:
2. Different types of Media:
- Print Media.
- Electronic Media.
• Social Media and its Types:
- Blogs and Microblogs.
- Social networking sites (Face book).
- Social Commerce (Amazon, Alibaba)
- Social Media news (Digg).
- VoIP Software (Skype, MSN).
• Social Media as a source of connecting people.
- Connecting with unknown people belonging to other nations and states.
- Connecting people one already know, Irrespective of their location.
- Possibility of staying connected with others round the clock.
- Little cost of maintaining connection.
- Fast and speedy connectivity.
- Easy tracing of lost contacts.
3. Benefits of Connectivity through social Media:
• Social:
- Shares information.
- Upgrades living standard.
- Serves as source of education.
- Eliminates social biases.
• Economic:
- Spreads political awareness.
- Assists in political decision making.
o Arab Spring 2011.
o General Elections in Pakistan 2013.
- Highlights public issues and grievances.
• Political:
- Gives information on economic opportunities.
- Provide platform for economic activities. .
- Renders assistance in economic decision making.
• Religious:
- Imparts religious education.
- Eliminates religious biases.
- Serves as platform of religious preaching.
• Administrative:
- Serves as source of information sharing.
- Assists in quick decision making.
- Helps in ensuring better governance.
4. Social Media as source of Disconnect of the People:
- Weakening of family bonds.
- Decrease in traditional get together.
- Decline in traditional get together.
- Decline in sports activities.
- Scarcity of time.
5. A Glimpse over some other evil of social media:
- Spoil of moral values.
- Wastage of time.
- Acts of cheating and fraud.
- Deleterious impacts on health.
- Promotion of hatred and antagonism.
- Unreliability of information.
6. Causes of Evils of Social Media:
- Absence of proper control mechanism.
- Poor performance of regulatory authorities.
- No focus on character building in educational institutions.
- Absence of other recreational facilities.
- Easy availability of technology..
- Cheaper access to social media sites.
- Incognito access to social media sites.
7. Recommendations for elimination of Harmful Impacts of Social Media:
- Application of some mandatory filters and controls.
- At national level.
- At local level.
- Launching of awareness campaigns.
- Enactment of stringent laws.
- Effective role of regulatory authorities.
- Effective role of education sector in character building.
- Provision of better sports and recreational facilities.
- Enactment of service cost.
8. Conclusion:

IMPORTANCE OF FREE MEDIA

1. Introduction:
2. Media and its types:
- Print Media.
- Electronic Media.
3. Components of freedom of media:
- No censoring of news / programs by the government.
- No imposition of economic restraints.
- No cancellation of permits / Licenses.
- No threats to journalists.
4. Importance of Free Media:
• Importance for political sector:
- Ensures sustenance of democracy.
- Guarantees an environment of accountability.
- Spreads political awareness.
- Assists the Government in decision making.
- Strengthen electoral process.
• Importance for Economic sector:
- Provides government with the information on national and international economic
trends.
- Assists investors in economic decision making.
- Highlights mistakes and wrongdoing of government.
• Importance for Social Sector:
- Imparts informal education.
- Disseminates information and knowledge.
- Inculcates etiquettes.
- Upgrades living standards.
- Highlights social evils.
- Reflect true image of nation.
- Indicates violation of human rights.
- Provide cheap source of Entertainment.
5. Role of Media in Pakistan: A case study.
- Lawyer’s movement against Parvez Musharaf.
- Restoration of Judiciary.
- Change of Public opinion with reference to terrorists.
- Privatization of Steel Mill and other units.
- Sustenance of Democracy.
- Emergence of Third political force and 2013 Elections.
- Changing status and role of women.
6. Some negative impacts:
- Revealing of national secretes.
- Promotion of obscenity.
- Deterioration of morality.
- Spread of consumerism.
- Causing of mental unrest.
- Deteriorations of foreign relation of country.
- Damage to the image of nation and state.
7. Causes of Evils of the Media:
8. Recommendations:
• For ensuring independence of Media:
- Enactment of Laws.
- Public awareness campaign.
- Active role of civil society.
- Independent role of judiciary.
- Mature role of media organizations.
• For eradication of evils of Media:
- Enactment of laws and strict implementation.
- Effective role of regulatory authorities.
- Establishment of effective mechanism within media organizations.
- Devising of a consensus-based code of conduct collectively by media
organizations.
- Provision of better work facilities to media personnel.
- Promotion of media education as an important field.
- Training of media personnel.
9. Conclusion:

GLOBAL WARMING

1. Introduction:
2. What is Global Warming:
3. Evidences of Global Warming:
• Temperature:
• Precipitation:
• Rise in sea level:
• Ice melting and floods:
4. Cause of Global warming:
• Industrialization:
• Transport:
• Combustion for cooking and heat:
• Deforestation:
• Air condition and Refrigerators:
5. Causes of Global Warming:
6. Sources of Emission:
7. Impacts of Global Warming:
• Extreme weather conditions:
• Affected marginalized communities:
• Coastal areas:
• Frequent and strong storms and floods:
• Health problems:
• Ecosystem destruction:
• Agriculture loss:
• Damages to life:
• Impact on economy:
• Impact on animals:
• Melting of glaciers:
8. Strategies to mitigate global warming:
• Use of renewable energy resources:
• Plantation and forestation:
• Energy efficient appliances:
• Recycling:
• Energy conservation and efficiency:
• Individual efforts:
• Reduction of combustion of fossil fuels:
• Family planning to reduce population growth:
9. Conclusion:

Is colonial mentality impeding Pakistan’s progress

1. Introduction
Thesis statement: Colonial mentality is absolutely impeding Pakistan’s progress
2. What colonial mentality is
(i) Defining the term “Colony”
(ii) Defining the term “Mentality”
(ii) Interpretation of the term “Colonial mentality”
3. Ruling strategies of British masters—cause of present day colonial
mentality in Pakistan
(i) Political and administrative strategies
(a) Divide and rule policy
(b) Genocide of ruling and politically strong leaders along with families and relatives
(c) Kept ordinary local masses away from politics for decades
(d) Introduction of democratic system of government—Discrimination with
minorities
(e) Production of administrative elite class
(ii) Religious strategies
(a) Campaigns of Christian Missionaries throughout India for religion conversion
(b) Targeted lowest class Hindus and Muslims by providing educational and medical
benefits
(iii)Economic and Financial strategies
(a) Drainage of subcontinental resources and riches—retardation of economy
(b) Common man was forced to think about fetching basic necessities of life only
(c) Focus on revenue collection
(iv) Socio-Cultural strategies
(a) Production of class system i.e. elite, middle class and poor—rewarded on the
basis of loyalty with colonial masters
(b) English perceived as language of elite and powerful ruling class was made
compulsory to get high level government job
(c) No culture of freedom of expression
(d) Lack of rule of law
(e) Discriminatory judiciary
(f) No attention towards social development
4. Impacts of colonial mentality-impeded progress of present day Pakistan
(i) political and administrative impacts
(a) Elites, feudal lords and clergy consider ruling their birth right
(b) Continuous military intervention in politics—reason of failure of democratic
system
(c) Administrative elite class—no relief for ordinary individual
(d) Division on the basis of religion, sects, castes, provinces, ethnicity—divide and
rule policy
(e) Culture of corruption, bribery and zero accountability—retarding Pakistan
(f) Nepotism and red tapism—adherence to colonial rules and procedures
(g) Suppression of voice of common man—lack of freedom of expression leading to
public aggression
(ii) Religious impacts
(a) Influence of clergy—illiterate people blindly follow them generation after
generation
(a) Division on the basis of religion—strategy to weaken national integration
(c) Promotion of sectarianism—creation of diversion for common man to keep them
away from national affairs
(iii) Financial and economic impacts
(a) Unfair taxation system—same tax rates for rich and poor
(b) Discriminatory financial policies make rich richer and poor poorer
(c) Money laundering—turning black money into white and hoarding it in foreign
banks
(d) Focus of ruling class on increasing personal wealth—looting of public money
(e) Financially retarded economy—country running on foreign loans with deficit
budget
(iv) Socio-Economic impacts
(a) Socially sick society with superiority complex
(b) Supremacy of English language-causing rift in national unity
(c) Reluctant to change—adaptation of modernization
(d) Partial judiciary and prolonged judicial procedure—justice delayed is justice
denied
(e) Absence of rule of law—Denial of human rights to common man
5. The way forward—Steps towards developed Pakistan
(i) Rule of law must prevail
(ii) Fair and just accountability culture
(iii) Curbing corruption, nepotism, bribery and red tapism
(iv) Independent judiciary and police
(v) No military intervention in politics
(vi) End of ruling era of feudal lords and clergy
(vii) Equal opportunities for all and sundry
(viii) Promotion of nationalism—national unity leads towards progress
(ix) End of black money businesses, money laundering and stoppage of drainage of
country resources as well as financial assets
(x) Self-reliant economy
(xi) Acceptance of positive change confidently
6. Conclusion

ESSAY OUTLINE: STATUS OF GENDER EQUALITY IN

PAKISTAN
1. Introduction
2. Meaning and importance of gender equality
3. Status of gender equality in the world
4. Status of gender equality in Pakistan
5. Arguments that manifest Gender-equality exists in Pakistan
1. Pathetic status of trans-genders
2. Prolific cases of gender based violence
3. Increasing trend of honour killings
4. Prevailing ugly traditional practices
5. Wanting equitable system and opportunity of education for woman
6. Under representation of women and transgender in political, religious, and economic field
7. Heritage rights
6. Causes that are exacerbating gender inequality
1. Socio-cultural causes
a. Illiteracy and feudalism
b. Ugly customs and traditions
c. Conservative mindset of people
2. Religious causes
a. Misrepresentation of the teaching of Islam
b. Negative role played by the religious leaders
c. Avoidance of Ijtihad
3. Psychological causes
a. Patriarchal and male-dominating mindset
b. Pseudo liberal vs. misogynist approaches
4. Political causes
a. Inconsistent policies and poor implementation of laws
b. Lack of political will and legislation
c. Less say of women in decision making
5. Economic causes
a. High level poverty
b. Economic dependence of women on men
7. Repercussions owing to gender inequality in Pakistan
1. Rise in domestic violence and crimes against women
2. Early or forced marriages
3. Tainted image of country in the world
4. Less utilization of skills and expertise of all genders
5. Weak economy of the country
6. Psychological impacts on female and she-male
7. Propagation of wrong perception about Islam in the world
8. Steps taken for ensuring gender equality in Pakistan
1. Millennium and sustainable development goals
2. Initiative taken by the government various laws and policies
 a. Anti-raped bill passed
b. Anti honour-killing bill passed
3. Campaign and seminars for awareness
4. Active role by media and NGOs
9. Efficacious exhortations to convert gender equality from myth to
reality
1. Enhancing the quality and quantity of education for all genders
2. Exemplary punishment in the cases of rape, violence , honour-killings and forced marriages
3. Effective and optimistic role of religious leaders
4. Effective role of media and NGOs
5. Enhancement of quota system
6. Implementation of laws for protecting the rights of women and trans-gender
10. Conclusion