PAPER: GENERAL SCIENCE & ABILITY (100 MARKS)

Part-I (General Science) 60 Marks

I. Physical Sciences
 Constituents and Structure:-Universe, Galaxy, Light Year, Solar System, Sun,
Earth, Astronomical System of Units.
 Process of Nature: - Solar and Lunar Eclipses, Rotation and Revolution, Weather
Variables (Global Temperature, Pressure, Circulation, Precipitation, Humidity) and
Weather Variations.
 Natural Hazards and Disasters: - Earth Quake, Volcanic Eruption, Tsunami,
Floods, Avalanche, Travelling Cyclone (Tropical Cyclone, Middle Latitude Cyclone
and Tornadoes), Drought, Wildfire, Urban Fire. Disaster Risk Management.
 Energy Resources: - Sources of Energy (Renewable i.e. LED Energy, Solar
Energy, Wind Energy and Non-Renewable Energy conservation and its sustainable
use.
 Atomic Structure, Chemical Bonding, Electromagnetic Radiations.
 Modern Materials/Chemicals: - Ceramics, Plastics, Semiconductors. Antibiotics,
Vaccines, Fertilizers, Pesticides.

II. Biological Sciences

 The Basis of Life: - Cell Structures and Functions (Subcellular Organelles such as
Nucleus, Mitochondria and Ribosomes).
 Biomolecules: - Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates and Enzymes.
 Plant and Animal Kingdom: - A brief survey of plant and animal kingdom to
pinpoint similarities and diversities in nature.
 A Brief Account of Human Physiology.
 Common Diseases and Epidemics: - Polio, Diarrhea, Malaria, Hepatitis, Dengue
their Causes and Prevention.
 New Model Concept of Producing BIO Fuel Method

III. Environmental Science

 Environment: - The Atmosphere (Layered Structure and Composition),
Hydrosphere (Water Cycle, Major Water Compartments), Biosphere (Major
Biomes) and Lithosphere (Minerals and Rocks, Rock Types, Plate Tectonics).
 Atmospheric Pollution: - Types, Sources, Causes and effects of major air
pollutants (COx, Particulate Matter, NOx, SOx, Tropospheric Ozone, Volatile
Organic Compounds, Dioxins). Regional and Global air pollution issues (Acid-rain,
Ozone Depletion, Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming). International
agreements on air pollution control (Montreal Protocol and Kyoto Protocol).
 Water Pollution:- Types, sources, causes and effects of major water pollutants
(Synthetic Organic Chemicals, Oxygen Demanding Wastes, Plant Nutrients,
Thermal Pollution, Infectious Agents, Sediments, Radioactivity, Heavy Metals and
Acids). Drinking water quality and standards.
 Land Pollution: - Solid waste management and disposal.
  Role of Remote Sensing and GIS in Environmental Science.
 Population Planning.

IV. Food Science

 Concept of Balance Diet: - Vitamins, Carbohydrates, Protein, Fats and oil,
Minerals, Fiber.
 Quality of Food:- Bioavailability of Nutrients, Appearance, Texture, Flavor, Quality
of Packed and Frozen Food, Food Additives, Preservatives and Antioxidants
 Food Deterioration and its Control: - Causes of Food Deterioration, Adulteration,
Food Preservation.

V. Information Technology
 Computer (Hardware & Software Fundamentals); I/O Processing and data
storage, Networking & Internet Standards, Application and business Software,
Social Media Websites. Information Systems. Fundamentals of artificial
intelligence.
 Telecommunications: - Basics of Wireless Communication (Mobile, Satellite,
Surveillance and GPS and Fiber Optic etc.

Part-II (General Ability) 40 Marks

VI. Quantitative Ability/Reasoning

 Basic Mathematical Skills.
 Concepts and ability to reasons quantitatively and solve problems in a
quantitative setting.
 Basic Arithmetic, Algebra and Geometry (Average, Ratios, Rates, Percentage,
Angles, Triangles, Sets, Remainders, Equations, Symbols, Rounding of Numbers
 Random Sampling
VII. Logical Reasoning and Analytical Reasoning/Ability
 Logical Reasoning includes the process of using a rational, systematic series of
steps based on sound mathematical procedures and given statements to arrive at
a conclusion
 Analytical Reasoning/Ability includes visualizing, articulating and solving both
complex and uncomplicated problems and concepts and making decisions that are
sensible based on available information, including demonstration of the ability to
apply logical thinking to gathering and analyzing information.
VIII. Mental Abilities
 Mental Abilities Scales that measures specific constructs such as verbal,
mechanical, numerical and social ability.
PAPER: CURRENT AFFAIRS (100 MARKS)

Candidates will be expected to display such general knowledge of history, politics and
International Affairs, as deemed necessary to interpret current affairs.

I. Pakistan's Domestic Affairs (20 marks)

 Political
1. Highlight the role of National Action Plan (NAP) in stabilization of internal security
of Pakistan. Critically analyze its outcomes? (2017)
2. Give a critical review of Pakistan Energy Policy 2013 – 2018 (2019)
3. How can the corruption elimination strategy be made part of governance system of
Pakistan? (2019)
4. Most of the major political parties have committed to the creation of the new
provinces in Pakistan. Should new provinces be created or not, in Pakistan?
Elaborate your answer by giving references from the new province debate (2021)
 Economic & Internal Security
1. What measures would you suggest to improve the economy of Pakistan
particularly in the areas of debt reduction and enhancing export capacity? (2016)
2. What measures do you suggest to improve the security conditions of Balochistan in
respect to China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), and the role of regional
powers to sabotage it? (2017)
3. China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is considered as a game-changer. How
the CPEC can be helpful to uplift the Pakistan’s economy? Discuss (2018)
4. How can the governing structure have the capacity to neutralize threats to internal
security of Pakistan? (2019)
5. Discuss instrument of techniques of Hybrid warfare in context to Pakistan (2019)
 Social
II. Pakistan's External Affairs (40 marks)
 Pakistan’s relations with its Neighbors (India, China, Afghanistan, Russia)
1. Discuss the possibilities of progress under the recently agreed rubric of
comprehensive dialogue between Pakistan and India. In your opinion what are the
major constraints at present?(2016)
2. CPEC: Discuss the prospects and challenges to the construction of “China-
Pakistan Economic Corridor”. How will CPEC become a game changer for the
region? (2016)
3. What will be the reason of emerging water conflict between Pakistan and
Afghanistan? (2019)
 Pakistan’s relations with the Muslim World (Iran, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia,
Turkey)

1. Discuss in detail the Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline and challenges to it. (2018)
 2. Critically analyze the newly established Islamic Military Alliance and its future
implications for the Muslim World?(2018)
 Pakistan’s relations with the United States
1. Critically examine the Donald Trump’s Policy for South Asia and its implications for
Pakistan and the region. (2018)
2. Discuss the strategic contours of Indo-US evolving partnership and how will it
impact Pakistan-US and Pakistan-China relations? (2020)
 Pakistan’s relations with Regional and International Organizations (UN,
SAARC, ECO, OIC, WTO, GCC)

1. What are the opportunities and challenges for Pakistan as one of the new
members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)? (2018)
III. Global Issues (40 marks)
 International Security
1. Examine the emerging strategic competition between China and the US and its
impact on global order. (2016)
2. Critically analyze the US-Russia relations in context of ISIS and its impact on the
security situation of Middle East. (2017)
3. Critically examine China’s strategic vision behind its ‘One Belt, One Road’ venture
(2017)
4. US-India in August 2016 signed Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement
(LEMOA) that will reportedly facilitate the two allies to use each other’s military
facilities to check China’s growing influence. Comment (2017)
5. How the United States is trying to keep its dominant position in the Asia-Pacific and
what is the China’s response to it? (2018)
6. Examine China strategic vision behind ‘The Bell and Road initiative (BRI)' also
known as One Belt One Road (OBOR) (2019)
7. What will be strategic and political implications of the US withdrawl from the Open
Skies Treaty, and how is it impacting the arms control arrangements between the
great powers?(2021)
8. Some scholars term Afghan Peace Deal as the US Withdrawal Deal. Do you agree
Answer the question while discussing the contours of the Afghan peace process.
(2021)
9. Delineate the ways in which Covid-19 has affected the contours of the
contemporary world order. (2021)
10. How is militarization of Artificial Intelligence and Computing revolutionizing the
military affairs? (2021)
 International Political Economy
 Human Rights
1. Last two decades have seen the rise of the right as a potent challenge to the liberal
democracies throughout the world. What are the causes of this rise and how can
states attend this challenge? (2021)
 Environment: Global Warming, Kyoto Protocol, Copenhagen Accord
1. Discuss the adverse impact of climate change on the world and the measures
 recently adopted by the Paris Conference to address this issue. (2016)
2. Elaborate the reasons and impacts on Doland Trump withdrawal from climate
change Paris agreement in 2015. (2019)
3. What impact global climate change will have on the water resources of Pakistan?
How will it affect inter-provincial harmony? (2020)
 Population: world population trends, world population policies
 Terrorism and Counter Terrorism

1. Discuss in detail the efficacy of counter terrorism measures adopted by the

government, especially with reference to the National Action Plan (2016)
2. Why was Pakistan placed on the ‘Grey List’ of Financial Action Task Force
(FATF)? What are the implications and what measures should Pakistan take to
move out of this list? (2020)
 Global Energy Politics
 Nuclear Proliferation and Nuclear Security
 Nuclear Politics in South Asia
1. Analyze the effects of commissioning of nuclear-powered ballistic missile
submarine (SSBN), INS Arihant equipped with nuclear-capable missile called K-4
over the strategic stability of South Asia. (2017)
 International Trade (Doha Development Round and Bali Package)
 Cooperation and Competition in Arabian Sea, Indian and Pacific Oceans.
1. Explain the salient contours of the US ‘rebalancing’ policy and China’s assertive
policy in South China Sea and latter’s disputes with the regional countries.
Critically evaluate. (2017)
2. The impact of burgeoning US-India strategic partnership over the security situation
of the region and Indian Ocean Region. (2017)
3. Strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific region is increasingly becoming intense.
Define the interests and role of US, China, India, Japan and Australia in the
geopolitics of Indo-Pacific region (2020)
 Millennium Development Goals, Current Status
 Globalization
1. In view of the evolving global alignments and changing nature of major-power
relationships, what is the future of globalism and multilateralism? Discuss with
examples (2020)
 Middle East Crisis
1. How do you see recent developments in the Middle East, particularly with
reference to deteriorating relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran? What role, if
any, Pakistan could play in reducing the tensions between the two Muslim
countries? (2016)
2. Describe the 2017 Qatar Diplomatic Crisis and its impact on the Middle East (2018)
3. Discuss in detail the role of OIC, Arab league and GCC in the Middle East crises
and conflicts. (2020)
 Kashmir Issue
1. Given the volatile lockdown in Indian Occupied Kashmir, what are the viable policy
 choices available to Pakistan? What can Pakistan realistically do to ease the
sufferings of Kashmiri people? (2020)
2. What are the similarities and differences between Nagorno-Kaharabakh and
Kashmir conflicts? (2021)
 Palestine Issue

PAPER: PAKISTAN AFFAIRS (100 MARKS)

I. Ideology of Pakistan definition and elucidation, historical aspects: Muslim rule

in
the Sub-Continent, its downfall and efforts for Renaissance. Movements for
reforms-- Shaikh Ahmad Sarhindi, Shah Waliullah, Sayyid Ahmad Shaheed,
Aligarh, Deoband, Nadwah, and other educational institutions Sindh
Madrassah and Islamia College Peshawar. Ideology of Pakistan in the light
of Speeches and statements of Allama Iqbal and Quaid- i Azam Muhammad
Ali Jinnah.
1. Give an account of the life and services of Shah Waliullah. How did he save the
Indian Muslims from political annihilation and religious degeneration? (2016)
2. The Aligarh Movement was a pure educational venture but it had deep impacts on
Indian politics. Discuss. (2016)
3. Critically analyze the elections of 1937 and the sufferings and grievances of the
Muslims under the Congress rule in the provinces (1937-1939). How much did it
help in popularizing the idea of a separate Muslim state in India? (2016)
4. Jinnah in his Presidential Address to the annual session of All India Muslim
League in March 1940 said, “The problem in India is not of an inter-communal
character, but manifestly of an international one, and it must be treated as such.”
Write note on the Two Nation Theory and the Lahore Resolution of March 1940 in
the light of this statement. (2016)
5. Critically evaluate the foundations of Allama Iqbal’s concept of Muslim separatism
in the context of Indo-Pak Subcontinent (2018)
6. Discuss the 3rd June Plan or Mountbatten Plan and also describe how it was
implemented? (2018)
7. Critically examine Congress Ministries of 1973. How far it is correct to suggest
that it paved the way for the separate Muslim homeland in India? (2019)
8. How the reform movement of Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi influenced the history of
Muslim India? (2020)
9. Critically evaluate the evolutions of Muslim Separate identity in the
Subcontinent.(2021)
II. Land and people of Pakistan------- Geography, Society, Natural resources,
Agriculture, Industry and education with reference to characteristics,
trends and problems.
1. Pakistan’s national culture reflects unity in diversity. Elaborate (2017)
2. Enumerate the measures adopted by HEC for promotion of higher education and
qualitative research in Pakistan. (2017)
 3. “The population growth in Pakistan can erupt like an atomic bomb”. Comment
(2019)
4. Efficient use of natural resources can make Pakistan a prosperous nation.
Discuss in the light of present situation of Pakistan. (2019)
III. Pakistan and Changing Regional Apparatus
IV. Nuclear Program of Pakistan, its Safety and Security; International Concerns
V. Regional Cooperation Organizations (SAARC,ECO,SCO) and the Role of
Pakistan
1. Explore the significance of Shinghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) for Pakistan.
(2017)
2. China, Pakistan-Russia cooperation will find suitable support mechanism in
Shanghai Cooperation organization (SCO). Elaborate. (2020)
VI. Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan
VII. Economic Challenges in Pakistan
1. What major economic challenges are being faced by Pakistan? What
recommendation do you suggest to deal with these issues. (2019)
VIII. Non-Traditional Security Threats in Pakistan: Role of Non-State Actors
1. Define non-state actors. ‘Non-state actors are posing more threat to Pakistan’s
national security than threats from external state actors.’ Argue in favour or against
(2018)
IX. Pakistan’s Role in the Region
X. The Palestine Issue
XI. Changing Security Dynamics for Pakistan: Challenges to National
Security of Pakistan
XII. Political Evolution Since 1971
1. Discuss the nature of centre-province relations under the 1973 Constitution. (2018)
2. How far the nature of center province relations has changed under various
amendments to the 1973 constitution? Evaluate. (2019)
XIII. Pakistan and US War on Terror
1. Discuss the changing trends in Pakistan- US relations since 2001. (2018)
XIV. Foreign Policy of Pakistan Post 9/11
1. Write note on the post 9/11 foreign policy of Pakistan. What role do you foresee for
Pakistan in regional and global politics in the near future? (2016)
XV. Evolution of Democratic System in Pakistan
1. Discus the role of judiciary in the constitutional development of Pakistan. (2017)
2. How general elections in 2002, 2008 and 2013 strengthened democracy in Pakistan?
(2017)
3. Describe the political system of Pakistan. Which form of government is suitable to
make country politically stable? (2018)
4. Discuss the main features of Political culture of Pakistan. (2020)
5. “Political Stability is mandatory for economic prosperity in Pakistan:.
Elaborate. (2021)
XVI. Ethnic Issues and National Integration
1. There is crisis of national integration in Pakistan since its creation. What measures
do you suggest for the promotion of national integration of Pakistan? (2018)
XVII. Hydro Politics ; Water Issues in Domestic and Regional Context
XVIII. Pakistan’s National Interest
XIX. Challenges to Sovereignty
1. How Pakistan should combat 5th generation war successfully? (2021)
XX. Pakistan’s Energy Problems and their Effects
1. Explore the option of alternative energy resources to overcome energy crisis in
Pakistan. (2017)
2. What are the main causes of energy crisis in Pakistan? What measure do you
recommend to address it ? (2019)
3. Critically analyze the key causes of delaying constriction of dams in Pakistan. Give
some suggestions to revert this collateral loss. (2019)
4. Pakistan’s energy crisis was due to the lack of strategy and political will. Discuss.
(2020)
5. Discuss the significance of renewable energy resources for Pakistan.
(2021)
XXI. Pakistan’s Relations with Neighbors excluding India
1. CPEC is a flagship project of One Belt One Road (OBOR) and a regional game
changer. Explain. (2017)
2. How CPEC Phase II will galvanize industralization and employment in
Pakistan? (2121)
XXII. Pakistan and India Relations Since 1947
1. What are the major provisions of Simla Agreement (1972) between Pakistan and
India? How it was helpful for establishment of durable peace in the region? (2020)
XXIII. The Kashmir Issue
1. Discuss the Kashmir problem in its entirety; throwing light on its background and
prospects of possible solutions to this core issue between India and Pakistan (2016)
2. Enumerate the measures adopted by Pakistan to spotlight on the plight of
Kashmiri people in the Indian occupied Jammu and Kashmir after 5th
August 2019 (2021)
XXIV. The war in Afghanistan since 1979 and its impact on, and challenges to
Pakistan in the Post 2014 era.
1. Write note on the Afghan War since 1979 and its impacts on Pakistan. How far
the emergence of the “Non-State Actors” and Non-Traditional Security Threats in
Pakistan can be attributed to the decades-long warfare in Afghanistan? (2016)
2. Discuss revival of Pak-US relations in context of present US-Taliban peace
process. (2020)
3. Explain “Afghans owned, Afghans led: solution of Afghanistan crisis.
(2021)
XXV. Proxy Wars: Role of External Elements

1. What is meant by the term “Proxy War”? Are there any extrinsic factors at play in the
internal security situation of Pakistan? (2020)
XXVI. Economic Conditions of Pakistan, the Most Recent Economic Survey, the
Previous and Current Budgets, and the Problems and Performance of Major
Sectors of Economy.
XXVII. The Recent Constitutional and Legal Debates, the Latest Constitutional
Amendments and Important Legislations, Legal Cases and the Role of
Higher Courts.
XXVIII. The Prevailing Social Problems of Pakistan and the Strategies to Deal with
Them, Poverty, Education, Health and Sanitation.
PAPER: ISLAMIC STUDIES (100
MARKS)

I. Introduction to Islam.
 Concept of Islam.
 Importance of Din in Human Life.
 Difference between Din and Religion.
1. What is the difference between Deen and Religion? Describe the importance of
Deen in human life with arguments (2016)
 Distinctive Aspects of Islam.
 Islamic Beliefs & its Impact on Individual & Society and the Fundamental of
Islam
1. . What is belief in the Day of Judgment? Explore its effects on individual and
collective lives of human beings (2021)
2. Explore the importance of Sufism to spread out Islam. Is the amelioration of
current deviation possible through Sufism?(2021)
 Islamic Worships: Spiritual, Moral and Social Impact.
1. Define the meaning of prayer and its different categories. Also describe the
spiritual, moral and social impact of prayers. (2016)
2. Who are entitled to receive Zakat according to the Quran? Elucidating social
impact of Zakat, clarify how can poverty be alleviated with its distribution in
Islamic Society? (2017)
3. Write a comprehensive note on Zakat system of Islam and its spiritual, moral and
social impacts. (2018)
4. Write a comprehensive note on Hajj (the pilgrimage) system of Islam and its
spiritual, moral and social impacts.(2019)
5. Discuss in detail the principles and terms & conditions for “Jihad” in the light of
Quran and Sunnah. (2020)
II. Study of Sirah of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as Role Model for:-
 Individual
 Diplomat
 Educator
 Military Strategist
1. Describe the characteristics of Military strategist in the light of Sirah of
Muhammad (PBUH) with arguments. (2016)
2. Give a general estimate of Holy Prophet's (pbuh) character in the battle fields as
commander. (2019)
 Peace Maker
1. Elucidate how the Prophet of Islam (Peace be upon him) exemplified him as the
greatest peace maker in the world by making reconciliation with pagans, Jews
and Christians? (2017)
2. The Holy Prophet (�) is the prophet of peace and safety. Explain with
arguments. (2018)
3. Discuss the status and grade of “Tolerance and Forgivness” in the life of the Holly
Prophet (PBUH). (2020)

III. Human Rights & Status of Woman in

 Islam
 Human Rights and Status of Woman
1. Write a comprehensive note on the
right of inheritance granted to women
by Islam. (2017)
2. Describe the rights of women in
Islam in the context of current wave
the feminist movement (2019)
3. “The last Sermon of the Holy Prophet
(PBUH) is the basic document for
awakening of conscious of mankind
for human rights”. Discuss. (2020)
4. 3 Islam provides better rights to men
and women than all other religious.
Explore with arguments.(2021)
 Dignity of Men and Women
1. “Islam teaches the lesson of human respect and dignity irrespective of colour,
race and creed”. Discuss. (2020)

IV. Islamic Civilization and

Culture:
 Meanings and the Vital
Elements
 Role of Civilization in Development of Human Personality and Community
 Characteristicts of Islamic Civilization (Tawhid, Self-purification,
Dignity of Man, Equality, Social Justice, Moral Values, Tolerance,
Rule of Law)
1. What is meant by culture and civilization? Describe the characteristics
of Islamic culture. (2016)
2. Explain the concept of self-purification in the light of the Qur’ān and
Sunnah and its impact on society. (2017)
3. What is Self-purification and Ehsan? Explain it in the light of Quran and
Sunnah, also describe its individual and collective impacts.(2018)
4. Describe, in detail, the basic characteristics of Islamic civilization. (2018)
5. Define Tauheed. What is its impact on individual life and the society?
Elaborate. (2019)
6. Through light in detail on the moral value system of Islam as significant
feature Islamic civilization. (2019)

V. Islam and the World.

 Impact of Islamic Civilization on the West and Vice Versa
 The Role of Islam in the Modern World.
 Muslim World and the Contemporary Challenges.
1. What are the contemporary challenges of Muslim world? Suggest its solutions in
the light of Quran and Sunnah? (2016)
 Rise of Extremism.
1. Enumerate the reasons of extremism in Pakistan and suggest solutions to
 eradicate it in the light of Islamic teachings. (2017)
2. Point out the motives of terrorism in Pakistan. How can the society get rid of
terrorism? (2018)
3. Is extremism a challenge to Islam? Discuss in the context of contemporary
challenges faced by Muslim Ummah. (2019)
4. Islamophobia is a sign of extremism. Give suggestions for its remedy(2021)

VI. Public Administration and Governance in Islam

 Concept of Public Administration in Islam
1. Highlight the concept of Public Administration in Islam. Explain the responsibilities
of Civil Servants. (2016)
 Quranic Guidance on Good Governance
 Concept of Governance and its Applications in the light of Qur’an, Sunnah
and Fiqh.
 Governance Structure in Islam (Shura, Legislation, Sources of Islamic Law)
 Governance under Pious Khilafat
1. Discuss the salient features of Islamic political system in the light of governance
under pious Khilafat-i-Rashida. (2016)
2. How were the Rightly-guided Caliphs elected? To what extent their system of
government be regarded as democratic? (2017)
3. Write a comprehensive note on the bravery and juridical Wisdom of Hazrat Ali
(R.A) (2020)
4. Analyze the Madina Accord as a “Social Contract” in detail (2020)
5. Write notes on the following (a) Treaty of Hudaybiyya as a pact of peace. (b)
Benefits acquired from Battle of Khayber(2021)
 Particular letters of Hazrat Umar (R.A) and Hazrat Ali (R.A) to different
Authority.
 Responsibilities of Civil Servants
1. Highlight the responsibilities of civil servants in the light of Islamic teachings
(2018)
 System of Accountability(hisbah) in Islam
1. Express the principles of accountability of rulers according to the Holy Quran and
Sunnah.(2021)

VII. Islamic Code of Life.

 Salient Features of Islamic System, Social System, Political
System, Economic System, Judicial System, Administrative
System,
1. Give suggestions to reform Pakistani Politics keeping in view the
different aspects of political system of Islam.(2019)
2. “Islamic Financial and Economic system is the solution of the human
financial problems”. Discuss. (2020)
3. . Comment on teachings of Islam regarding co-existence in a multi-faith
society(2021)
 Procedure of Ijma and Ijtihad
1. Define Ijma’ (consensus) and explain its different kinds. Highlight its importance
in the light of the Qur’ān and Sunnah.(2017)
2. Define Ijtihad, also highlight its contemporary importance in the light of Islamic
Fiqh. (2018)