9

SPECIALIZATION
 (COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING)
Quarter 2 I Week 3
Setting-Up Network Configuration: Part 01

Author: Angelo S. Bautista

ICT Coordinator, Bagong Barrio NHS
Team Leader: Romeo N. Paras
Head Teacher III, Deparo HS

TLE 9 – CSS AUTHOR: ANGELO S. BAUTISTA

Quarter 2-Week 3 1
Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education 9 Self Learning Module (SLeM)
on Computer Systems Servicing

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

This part is composed of a 10-15-item activity

in order to check what you already know
about the lesson to take. If you get all the
answers correct (100%) you may decide to
skip this module.

This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the answers
to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
 This includes questions or fills in the blank
sentence/paragraph to process what you
learned from the lesson.

This section provides an activity that will help

you transfer your new knowledge or skill to
real-life situations or concerns.

This is another 15-item task that aims to

evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson they learned.

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Quarter 2-Week 3 2

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you advance your
knowledge and skills in software installation. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level
of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using.

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Set network configuration in accordance with operating systems network configuration guides.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Network Topology
• Lesson 2 – Network connectivity checking procedures and techniques •
Lesson 3 – Router/Wi-fi/Wireless access point/Repeater configuration

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Check network connectivity of each terminal in accordance with network design 2.
Diagnose and repair any problem or fault in the network system in line with standard
operating procedures
3. Configure Network Interface Card (NIC) in accordance with the network design

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is a point-to-point connection to other nodes or devices.
a. Mesh Topology c. Point to Point Topology
b. Hybrid Topology d. Personal Topology
2. It is the schematic description of a network arrangement, connecting various
nodes. a. Computer Network c. Network Topology
b. Computer Server d. Network Infrastructure
3. It is a network type in which every computer and network device is connected to a single
cable.
a. Bus Topology c. Star Topology
b. Ring Topology d. Tree Topology
4. The following are the advantages of Mesh Topology EXCEPT one.
a. Effective c. Scalable as size can be increased easily b. Flexible d. Costly
5. It is a command used to determine whether there is a problem with the server you are trying
to connect to.
a. ping c. nslookup
b. tracert d. ipconfig

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6. It is the first step in Network Troubleshooting.
a. Contact the ISP c. Review database logs
b. Perform a DNS check d. Check the hardware
7. It is software installed on the router itself that should always be up to
date. a. Application Software c. Systems Software
b. Firmware d. System Driver
8. It automatically assigns IP addresses to network devices.
a. Domain Name System (DNS) c. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) b. Uniform
Resource Locator (URL) d. World Wide Web (WWW) 9. It is the most common username
in Router Set-up credentials.
a. admin c. guest
b. user d. 123456
10. The following are the steps in the Router Set-up EXCEPT one.
a. Connect to the Internet c. Open the Computer Browser b. Decide where to
place the router d. Connect gateway to router

NETWORK
A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such
as printers and CD-ROMs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers
on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared
light beams.
There are three basic types of networks which includes the following:

1. Local Area Network (LAN)

2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
3. Wide Area Network (WAN)

A computer technician should be knowledgeable about the basic computer network

concepts. It is also essential that he/she knows how to check, diagnose, repair, and configure
network connectivity by following the correct procedures and techniques.
 Network design and topology will serve as a guide in setting up network configurations in
accordance with the operating system’s network. It will also serve as a key to determine
computer network performance.

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Lesson 1: Network Topology
Written by: Angelo S. Bautista

Network Topology
Types of Network Topology

Network Topology is the schematic description of a network arrangement, connecting various

nodes (sender and receiver) through lines of connection.

The following are the types of Network Topology:

1. BUS Topology
Bus topology is a network type in which every computer and network device is connected to a
single cable. When it has exactly two endpoints, it is called Linear Bus topology.

Advantages of Bus Topology

1. Cost-effective
2. Requires the least amount of cables
3. Used in small networks
4. Easy to understand
5. Easy to expand by joining two cables
together
Disadvantages of Bus Topology 1.
Figure 1.1 Bus Topology
When the cables fail, the whole network
fails.
2. If network traffic is heavy or nodes are too
Features of Bus Topology many, the performance of the network
1. It transmits data only in one direction. 2. decreases.
Every device is connected to a single cable. 3. The cable length is limited.
4. It is slower than the ring topology.

2. RING Topology

It is called a ring topology because it forms a ring as each computer connects to another
computer, with the last one connected to the first with exactly two neighbors for each
device.

Advantages of Ring Topology

When the load on the network increases, it
performs better than bus topology.
It does not need a network server to control
the connectivity between workstations.

Disadvantages of Ring Topology

 Aggregate network bandwidth is bottlenecked
Figure 1.2 Ring Topology Features of Ring
by the weakest link between two nodes

Topology

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1. In order to send data to the last node in a Ring topology, the data will have to pass through all
other nodes before it. With 100 nodes, the data needs to pass through all 99 nodes before
reaching the 100th node. Therefore, repeaters are used for a ring topology with a large number
of nodes to prevent data loss in the network.
2. The transmission is unidirectional. It can be made bidirectional by having two (2) connections
between each Network Node it is called Dual Ring Topology.
3. In Dual Ring Topology, two ring networks are formed, and data flow is in opposing directions
in them. Also, if one ring fails, the second ring can act as a backup to keep the network up. 4.
Data is transferred in a sequential manner that is bit by bit. Data transmitted has to pass
through each node of the network till the destination node.

3. STAR Topology
In this type of topology, all the computers are connected to a single hub through a cable. This
hub is the central node, and all other nodes are connected to the central node.

Advantages of Star Topology

1. Fast performance with few nodes
and low network traffic
2. Hub can be upgraded easily
3. Easy to troubleshoot
4. Easy to set up and modify
5. Only the node which has failed is
affected - the rest of the nodes can
work smoothly

Figure 1.3 Star Topology 4. MESH Topology

Disadvantages of Star Topology 1. High
Features of Star Topology installation cost
1. Every node has its dedicated hub 2. Expensive to use
connection. 2. The hub acts as a repeater for 3. All the nodes depend on the hub - the whole
data flow. 3. It can be used with a twisted-pair network stops if it fails 4. Performance is based
optical fiber or coaxial cable. on the hub and its capacity

It is a point-to-point connection to other nodes or devices. All the network nodes are connected
to each other. Mesh has n(n-1)/2 physical channels to link n devices.

There are two techniques to transmit data over the Mesh topology, they
are: a. Routing b. Flooding

Features of Mesh Topology

1. Fully connected
2. Robust
3. Not flexible

Advantages of Mesh Topology

1. Each connection can carry its own
 data load
2. It is robust
Figure 1.4 Mesh Topology 3. Fault is diagnosed easily 4.
Provides security and privacy
Types of Mesh Topology

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1. Partial Mesh Topology: In this topology,
some of the systems are connected in the
same fashion as mesh topology but some 5. TREE Topology
Disadvantages of Mesh Topology 1. It is
devices are only connected to two or three
difficult to install and configure 2. Cabling cost
devices.
is expensive. 3. Bulk wiring is required.
2. Full Mesh Topology: Each node or device
is connected to each other.

It has a root node and all other nodes are connected to it forming a hierarchy. It is also called
hierarchical topology. It should at least have three levels to the hierarchy.

Advantages of Tree Topology

1. Extension of bus and star topologies
2. Expansion of nodes is possible and easy
3. Easily managed and maintained
4. Error detection is easily done

Disadvantages of Tree Topology

Figure 1.5 Tree Topology 1. Heavily cabled
2. Costly
Features of Tree Topology 3. If more nodes are added, maintenance
1. Ideal if workstations are located in becomes difficult.
groups. 2. Used in Wide Area Network. 4. Central hub fails, the network fails

6. HYBRID Topology

It is a combination of two different types of topologies which are a mixture of two or more
topologies. For example, if an office ring topology is used in one department and a star topology
is used in another, connecting these topologies will result in Hybrid Topology (ring topology and
star topology).

Advantages of Hybrid Topology

1. Reliable because of easy Error detection
and troubleshooting
2. Effective
3. Scalable as size can be increased easily
4. Flexible
2. Inherits the advantages and
Figure 1.6 Hybrid Topology disadvantages of the topologies included

Features of Hybrid Topology Reference:

1. It is a combination of two or more
Disadvantages of Hybrid Topology 1.
topologies
Complex design
2. Costly

Contributor, S. (2019, August 15). What Is Network Topology? Best Guide to Types and Diagrams.
Retrieved from DNSstuff : https://www.dnsstuff.com/what-is-network-topology

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Activity 1 (Optional)

To better understand the lesson, here is a useful Video Presentation on the web for you to
watch and enjoy.

1. Network Topologies - CompTIA Network+ N10-007 - 1.5

Link:
https://bit.ly/MELC2QCSS

Activity 2

Directions: Fill in the crossword puzzle with the type of network topology being described
below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Across
2. It forms a ring as each computer is connected to
another computer, with the last one connected to
the first. Exactly two neighbors for each device.
3. It is a point-to-point connection to other nodes
or devices. All the network nodes are connected to
each other.
5. It is a mixture of two or more topologies.

Down
1. It has a root node and all other nodes are
connected to it forming a hierarchy. It is also called
hierarchical topology.
4. In this type of topology all the computers are
 connected to a single hub through a cable. This
hub is the central node and all other nodes are
connected to the central node.

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Lesson 2: Network connectivity checking procedures
and techniques
Written by: Angelo S. Bautista

Network Troubleshooting
As a Computer System Servicing student, you are expected to learn basic network
troubleshooting skills at the end of this module.

Network connection issues are likely to arise from time to time. Before you start trying to
troubleshoot
these network
issues, you
should have a
clear
understanding of
the problem. By
gathering the
needed
information to
identify the
problem, you will
have a much
better chance of
resolving an
issue quickly.

Steps in troubleshooting a
network

1. Check the hardware.

This is one of the most important steps in the troubleshooting process. You need to check all
the network hardware to make sure it is properly connected, turned on, and working. If a cord
has come loose or somebody has switched off an important router, this could be the problem
behind your networking issues. There is no point in going through the process of
troubleshooting network issues if all you need to do is plug a cord in. Make sure all switches are
in the correct positions and have not been moved unintentionally.

Next, restart the hardware. This is one of the first aid in Computer and Network troubleshooting,
and while it might sound simplistic, it sometimes really does solve the problem. Power cycling
your modem, router, and PC can solve simple issues—sometimes, you need to leave each
device off for at least 60 seconds before you turn it back on.
2. Use ipconfig.

Open the command prompt and type “ipconfig” (without the quotes) into the terminal. The
Default Gateway (listed last) is your router’s IP. Your computer’s IP address is the number next
to “IP Address.” If your computer’s IP address starts with 169, the computer is not receiving a
valid IP address. If it starts with anything other than 169, your computer is being allocated a
valid IP address from your router.
Try typing in “ipconfig /release” followed by “ipconfig /renew” to get rid of your current IP
address and request a new one. It will, in some cases, solve the problem. If you still cannot get
a valid IP from your router, try plugging your computer straight into the modem using an
ethernet cable. If it works, the problem lies with the router.

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3. Use ping and tracert.

If your router is working fine, and you have an IP address starting with something other than
169, the problem is most likely located between your router and the internet. At this point, it is
time to use the ping tool. Try sending a ping to a well-known, large server, such as Google, to
see if it can connect with your router. You can ping Google DNS servers by opening the
command prompt and typing “ping 8.8.8.8”; you can also add “-t” to the end (ping 8.8.8.8 -t) to
get it to keep pinging the servers while you troubleshoot. If the pings fail to send, the command
prompt will return basic information about the issue.

You can use the tracert command to do the same thing by typing “tracert 8.8.8.8”; this will show
you each step or “hop” between your router and the Google DNS servers. You can see where
along the pathway the error is arising. If the error comes up early along the pathway, the issue
is more likely somewhere in your local network.

Figure 2.1 Ping

Figure 2.2 Tracert

4. Perform a DNS check.

To determine whether there is a problem with the server you are trying to connect to, use the
command “nslookup.” If you perform a DNS check on, for example, google.com and receive
results such as “Timed Out,” “Server Failure,” “Refused,” “No Response from Server,” or
“Network Is Unreachable,” it may indicate the problem originates in the DNS server for your
destination. (You can also use nslookup to check your own DNS server.)
5. Contact the ISP.

If no problem turns up from all of the above, try contacting your internet service provider to see
if they are having issues. You can also lookup outage maps and related information on a
smartphone to see if others in your area are having the same problem.
6. Check on virus and malware protection.

Next, make sure your virus and malware tools are running correctly, and they have not flagged
anything that could be affecting part of your network and stopping it from functioning.

7. Review database logs.

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Review all your database logs to make sure the databases are functioning as expected. If your
network is working, but your database is full or malfunctioning, it could be causing problems that
flow on and affect your network performance.

Reference:
Contributor, S. (2019, September 23). IT Pro Guide to the Most Common Network Troubleshooting
Techniques and Best Practices. Retrieved from DNSstuff: https://www.dnsstuff.com/network
troubleshooting-steps
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