COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

Sector:
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
Qualification:
COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING NC II
Unit of Competency:
: PERFORM COMPUTER OPERATIONS
Module Title:
PERFORMING COMPUTER OPERATIONS

Republic of the Philippines

TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
Region 02
SOUTHERN ISABELA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND TRADES
Santiago City
 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Welcome to the Module “Performing Computer Operations”. This module

contains training materials and activities for you to complete.

The unit of competency “Perform Computer Operations” contains the

knowledge, skills and attitudes required for Computer Hardware Servicing
required to obtain the National Certificate (NC) level II.

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to

complete each of the learning outcomes of the module. In each learning
outcome there are Information Sheets, Job Sheets, Operation Sheets and
Activity Sheets. Do these activities on your own and answer the Self-Check at
the end of each learning activity.

If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask your Trainer for assistance.

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

You have already some basic knowledge and skills covered in this module
because you have been working for some time; and already completed training
in this area.

If you can demonstrate competence to your Trainer in a particular skill, talk

to your Trainer so you don’t have to undergo the same training again. If you
have a qualification or Certificate of Competency from previous trainings show it
to him/her. If the skills you acquired are consistent with and relevant to this
module, they become part of the evidence. You can present these for RPL. If you
are not sure about your competence skills, discuss this with your Trainer.

After completing this module, ask your Trainer to assess your competence.
Result of your assessment will be recorded in your competency profile. All the
learning activities are designed for you to complete at your own pace.

In this module, you will find the activities for you to complete and relevant
information sheets for each learning outcome. Each learning outcome may have
more than one learning activity.

This module is prepared to help you achieve the required competency, in

receiving and relaying information. This will be the source of information that
will enable you to acquire the knowledge and skills in Terminating and
Connecting an Electronic Circuit independently at your own pace with
minimum supervision from your Trainer.

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 SUMMARY OF COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Apply quality standards Applying quality standards ICT315202

1.

2. Perform computer operations Performing computer operations ICT311201

Performing mensuration and
3. Perform mensuration and calculation ELC311201
calculation
Preparing and interpret technical
4. Prepare and interpret technical drawing ELC311202
drawing
5. Use hand tools Using hand tools ELC724201
Terminating and connecting
Terminate and connect electrical wiring and
6. electrical wiring and electronic ELC724202
electronic circuits
circuits

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 MODULE CONTENT

QUALIFICATION COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING NC II

UNIT OF COMPETENCY Perform Computer Operations
MODULE TITLE Performing Computer Operations

INTRODUCTION:
This module covers the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values needed to perform
computer operations which include inputting, accessing, producing, and transferring
data using the appropriate hardware and software.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
LO1. Plan and prepare for tasks to be taken/undertaken

LO2. Input data into computer

LO3. Access information using computer

LO4. Produce output/data using computer systems

LO5. Use basic functions of a Web browser to locate information

LO6. Maintain computer equipment and systems

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Requirements of tasks determined in accordance with the required output
2. Appropriate hardware and software selected according to task assigned and required
outcome
3. Task planned to ensure that OH and S guidelines and procedures followed
4. Client-specific guidelines and procedures followed
5. Required data security guidelines applied in accordance with existing procedures
6. Data entered into the computer using appropriate program/application in accordance with
company procedure
7. Accuracy of information checked and information saved in accordance with standard
operating procedures
8. Inputted data stored in storage media according to requirements
9. Work performed within ergonomic guidelines
10. Correct program/application selected based on job requirements
11. Program/application containing the information required accessed according to company
procedures
12. Desktop icons correctly selected, opened and closed for navigation purposes
13. Keyboard techniques carried out in line with OHS requirements for safe use of keyboards
14. Entered data processed using appropriate software commands
15. Data printed as required using computer hardware/peripheral devices in accordance with
standard operating procedures
16. Files and data transferred between compatible systems using computer software,
hardware/peripheral devices in accordance with standard operating procedures
17. Information requirements for Internet search established
18. Browser launched
19. Search engine loaded
20. Appropriate search criteria and/or URL of site entered
21. Relevant links followed to locate required information
22. Useful pages bookmarked or printed as required
23. Procedures for ensuring security of data, including regular back-ups and virus checks
implemented in accordance with standard operating procedures

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 24. Basic file maintenance procedures implemented in line with standard operating procedures

PREREQUISITE: PCO

LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

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LEARNING OUTCOME
PLAN AND PREPARE FOR TASKS TO BE UNDERTAKEN
#1

CONTENTS:
 Reading and comprehension skills required to interpret work instructions and to interpret
basic user manuals
 OH and S principles and responsibilities
 Main types of computers and basic features of different operating systems
 Main parts of a computer
 Storage devices and basic categories of memory
 Relevant types of software
 General security, privacy legislation and copyright

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Requirements of tasks determined in accordance with the required output
2. Appropriate hardware and software selected according to task assigned and required
outcome
3. Task planned to ensure that OH and S guidelines and procedures followed
4. Client-specific guidelines and procedures followed
5. Required data security guidelines applied in accordance with existing procedures
CONDITION:
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
 Equipment:
- 1 unit of computer
- voltage regulator/UPS
 Learning Materials:
- Learning manuals
- Work instruction
- Hand-outs
 Supplies/materials:
- Operating system
- Application program

EVALUATION METHOD:
 Hands-on
 Direct observation
 Practical demonstration

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LEARNING EXPERIENCE

Learning Outcome 1: PLAN AND PREPARE FOR TASKS TO BE UNDERTAKEN

Learning Activities Special Instructions

If you have some problem on the content of
1. Read Information Sheet 2.1-1 the information sheets don’t hesitate to
Different Types of Computers approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are now knowledgeable
on the content of the information sheets,
you can now answer Self Check provide in
the module.

2. Answer the self check 2.1-1 Compare your answer to the answer key
2.1-1. If you got 100% correct answer in
this self-check, you can now proceed to
the next Information Sheet. If not review
the information sheet and go over the self-
check again.
If you have some problem on the content of
3. Read Information Sheet 2.1-2 the information sheets don’t hesitate to
Computer Hardware approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are now knowledgeable
on the content of the information sheets,
you can now answer Self Check provide in
the module.

4. Answer the self check 2.1-2 Compare your answer to the answer key
2.1-2. If you got 100% correct answer in
this self-check, you can now proceed to
the next Information Sheet. If not review
the information sheet and go over the self-
check again.
If you have some problem on the content of
5. Read Information Sheet 2.1-3 the information sheets don’t hesitate to
approach your facilitator.
Computer Storage Devices If you feel that you are now knowledgeable
on the content of the information sheets,
you can now answer Self Check provide in
the module.

6. Answer the self check 2.1-3 Compare your answer to the answer key
2.1-3. If you got 100% correct answer in
this self-check, you can now proceed to
the next Learning Outcome. If not review
the information sheet and go over the self-
check again.

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 INFORMATION SHEET 2.1-1
Different Types of Computers

Computers have revolutionized all types of industries. They have proved a boon
to mankind. What are the different types of computers? To know them all, read
on…

A computer is one of the most brilliant inventions of mankind. Thanks to the

computer technology, we were able to achieve an efficient storage and
processing of data; we could rest our brains by employing computer memory
capacities for storage of the information. Owing to computers, we have been
able speed up daily work, carry out critical transactions and achieve accuracy
and precision in work output. The computers of the earlier years were of the size
of a large room and were required to consume huge amounts of electric power.
However, with the advancing technology, computers have shrunk to the size of a
small watch. Depending on the processing powers and sizes of computers, they
have been classified under various types. Let us look at the classification of
computers.

Different types of Computers

Based on the operational principle of computers, they are categorized as analog

computers and hybrid computers.

Analog Computers: These are almost extinct today. These are different from a
digital computer because an analog computer can perform several mathematical
operations simultaneously. It uses continuous variables for mathematical
operations and utilizes mechanical or electrical energy.

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Hybrid Computers: These computers are a combination of both digital and
analog computers. In this type of computers, the digital segments perform
process control by conversion of analog signals to digital ones.

Following are some of the other important types of computers.

Mainframe Computers: Large organizations use mainframes for highly critical

applications such as bulk data processing and ERP. Most of the mainframe
computers have the capacities to host multiple operating systems and operate
as a number of virtual machines and can thus substitute for several small
servers.

Microcomputers: A computer with a microprocessor and its central processing

unit is known as a microcomputer. They do not occupy space as much as
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mainframes. When supplemented with a keyboard and a mouse,
microcomputers can be called as personal computers. A monitor, a keyboard
and other similar input output devices, computer memory in the form of RAM
and a power supply unit come packaged in a microcomputer. These computers
can fit on desks or tables and serve as the best choices for single-user tasks.

Personal computers come in a variety of forms such as desktops, laptops and

personal digital assistants. Let us look at each of these types of computers.

Desktops: A desktop is intended to be used on a single location. The spare

parts of a desktop computer are readily available at relative lower costs. Power
consumption is not as critical as that in laptops. Desktops are widely popular
for daily use in workplaces and households.

Laptops: Similar in operation to desktops, laptop computers are miniaturized

and optimized for mobile use. Laptops run on a single battery or an external
adapter that charges the computer batteries. They are enabled with an inbuilt
keyboard, touch pad acting as a mouse and a liquid crystal display. Its
portability and capacity to operate on battery power have served as a boon for
mobile users.

Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs): It is a handheld computer and popularly

known as a palmtop. It has a touch screen and a memory card for storage of
data. PDAs can also be effectively used as portable audio players, web browsers

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and smart phones. Most of them can access the Internet by means of Bluetooth
or Wi-Fi communication.

Minicomputers: In terms of size and processing capacity, minicomputers lie in

between mainframes and microcomputers. Minicomputers are also called mid-
range systems or workstations. The term began to be popularly used in the
1960s to refer to relatively smaller third generation computers. They took up the
space that would be needed for a refrigerator or two and used transistor and
core memory technologies. The 12-bit PDP-8 minicomputer of the Digital
Equipment Corporation was the first successful minicomputer.

Supercomputers: The highly calculation-intensive tasks can be effectively

performed by means of supercomputers. Quantum physics, mechanics, weather
forecasting, molecular theory are best studied by means of supercomputers.
Their ability of parallel processing and their well-designed memory hierarchy
give the supercomputers, large transaction processing powers.

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Wearable Computers: A record-setting step in the evolution of computers was
the creation of wearable computers. These computers can be worn on the body
and are often used in the study of behavior modeling and human health.
Military and health professionals have incorporated wearable computers into
their daily routine, as a part of such studies. When the users’ hands and
sensory organs are engaged in other activities, wearable computers are of great
help in tracking human actions. Wearable computers are consistently in
operation as they do not have to be turned on and off and are constantly
interacting with the user.

These were some of the different types of computers available today. Looking at
the rate of the advancement in technology, we can definitely look forward to
many more types of computers in the near future.

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 Self Check 2.1-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE:

Direction: Select the best answer of the given choices.

1. These are almost extinct today.

a. Analog Computer
b. Hybrid Computer
c. Mainframe Computer
d. Microcomputer
2. Large organizations use mainframes for highly critical applications
such as bulk data processing and ERP.
a. Analog Computer
b. Hybrid Computer
c. Mainframe Computer
d. Microcomputer
3. These computers are a combination of both digital and analog
computers.
a. Analog Computer
b. Hybrid Computer
c. Mainframe Computer
d. Microcomputer
4. The highly calculation-intensive tasks can be effectively performed by
this kind of computer.
a. Analog Computer
b. Hybrid Computer
c. Mainframe Computer
d. Supercomputer
5. It is a handheld computer and popularly known as a palmtop.
a. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
b. Minicomputers
c. Supercomputers
d. Wearable Computers

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Answer Key

1. A
2. C
3. B
4. D
5. A

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 Information sheet 2.1-2

Computer Hardware
Now that you know a little bit about the history of computers and how they are
useful in various work situations throughout the world, this lesson will tell you
what makes up today’s personal computer (PC). You learn about basic computer
hardware and the importance of keeping your computer and its data safe. Next,
you learn all about operating systems—the software that makes it possible for
you to use your computer—with a focus on Microsoft Windows XP. Finally, you
learn about applications software and how a computer network operates
Computer Parts and Storage Devices
Most computers on the market today have the following components: a
processor, RAM, a monitor, a hard disk drive, a keyboard, a mouse, a CD-ROM
drive, a sound card, and a modem. In addition, you might want or need
components that aren’t part of your computer’s package, such as a DVD drive,
Zip drive, printer, and scanner. The rest of this lesson explains what these
components, usually called peripherals, are and how they are used.

A Mouse
Most computers come with a mouse. A mouse is just a pointing device for
selecting items on the screen. Some designs are different, including the mouse
with a small wheel with which you can do some added tricks. An alternative to
the mouse is a track ball, a stationary cradle containing a ball that you roll with
your fingertips. Laptop computers offer another alternative, the touchpad—a
pressure-sensitive surface built into the keyboard console. It lets you move your
cursor by tracing your finger on the touchpad itself.

This mouse is designed to fit the shape of a human hand and contains a wheel
for extra functionality.

Keyboards
The computer keyboard is one of the basic ways of entering information into the
computer, so most computers have one except certain types of handheld
devices. If you’ve used a typewriter, you can use a computer keyboard.
Keyboards come in a variety of styles. The Microsoft keyboard shown below has
an ergonomic design that reduces the muscle and tendon strain in the wrists,
arms, and elbows.

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The optimized keyboard helps reduce the stress on wrists, arms, and elbows.

Monitors
Monitors are a requirement, so they are often included as standard equipment,
but not always. Today, monitors are available in all price ranges. Most people
think the bigger the monitor, the better, as long as it fits within their allotted
budget range. Granted, bigger is more expensive, but today a 17-inch monitor
doesn’t cost much more than a 15-inch monitor and the difference is more than
worth it. The more screen space you have, the easier it is to work with your
applications on the computer. Remember, however, that the bigger the display,
the larger the tube. A larger tube takes up more room on your desk. (Many
manufacturers do offer short-tube monitors that don’t eat up a lot of desktop
real estate.)

It’s not fancy, but this typical computer monitor is all you need.
A good choice when your desk space is at a premium is the flat-panel display, or
LCD monitor. An LCD is a tubeless monitor that uses a liquid crystal
technology. These monitors require much less desk space, and the absence of a
picture tube means lower power consumption and less heat thrown off in your
room. The cost is higher than that of a traditional monitor, but the prices are
coming down.

Floppy Disk Drive

This comes as standard with most computers. For many years, the floppy disk
was the way to give someone a document from your machine. You copied the
information to the floppy and passed the floppy on. Then came the Internet and
networking, which are new and convenient ways to exchange information.
Floppy drives are a common way of backing up files.

CD Drive
Almost all computers have CD drives as standard equipment. Most software
today is shipped on CDs, as are all the essential learning programs, games, and

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reference tools such as Microsoft Encarta, an encyclopedia. A CD drive also
allows you to use CDs (short for compact disc) with your computer. CD drives
are rated by the speed at which they can access information on the CD,
indicated with a number like 12x, 20x, 32x, or 40x, which is read as “40 speed.”
CD drives come in two types: read-only and recordable. With the read only
model, you can’t save or store any of your own information on a normal CD.
Such a CD drive is the computer equivalent of a stereo record that can also hold
text and graphics. Recordable CD drives allow you to copy information to them
as you would to floppy disks.

Sound Cards
A sound card is like your stereo amplifier at home, although it does
considerably more than that! Unless you open your computer, you won’t see
your computer’s sound card, and if you don’t have one, you won’t be able to
hear any of the sounds a computer is capable of generating. Most computers
come equipped with sound cards.
A description of a sound card can be confusing because it has so many
incomprehensible-sounding features: MIDI libraries, MIDI interface, sampling
capabilities, and audio playback rates. Despite the confusing jargon, you want a
sound card that supports the latest standards and features if possible. When a
PC is described as a multimedia PC, it will include a sound card. If you’re not
buying a new computer or are simply upgrading your existing sound card, look
for the most common features across the different brands.

Speakers
With a sound card, a CD drive, and speakers, you can play regular audio CDs
on your computer and enjoy many of the other audio features of the
applications on your computer. But as with your stereo, you can’t hear anything
unless you have speakers! Most likely, your computer will come with speakers.
Speakers come in all price ranges, but even the less expensive ones work well.
The speakers plug into the back of your computer, and look similar to the ones
shown below.

With these speakers, you can hear music and other special audio, as well as the
everyday reminders and warning sounds your computer makes.

Hard Disk Drives—Closet Space for Your Computer Creations

Today, a computer without a hard disk drive is practically unknown. The hard
disk drive is a physical part of your computer where you save all your work for
access at another time. For new users, the multi-gigabyte drives of today are
more than adequate, but some users run out of disk space and need to expand

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their digital closet space with higher-capacity hard drives. Graphic artists and
photographers, for example, can easily use 40 megabytes of disk space just for
one image, and some programs require several hundred megabytes of free space
to run. If you are going to be working with photos extensively, you might need a
larger hard drive, or you might want to check out Zip drives, which are
described in a later section.

RAM: Short-Term Memory You Can Buy

All computers come with internal memory, called RAM (pronounced like the
animal), which is short for random access memory. RAM is sometimes confused
with hard disk storage, which is completely different. Your computer needs RAM
to run programs. You don’t need to know the ins and outs right now, but if you
are picking out a new PC, look for one that provides at least 128 megabytes of
RAM to work effectively on the Internet. If your computer has less, it won’t
operate as quickly, but as long as it has enough memory to run current
software, your computer will still operate correctly. The minimum for current
software is usually 64 megabytes.

Zip Drives
A Zip drive is the newer version of a floppy disk drive. Zip drives, sometimes
built into new computers, use a Zip disk that is about twice as thick as a floppy
disk and holds 100 megabytes of information (250 megabytes for the newest
model)—about 80 times more than a standard floppy disk. A Zip drive is some-
thing to consider if you will be working with many photographs that take up a
lot of disk space for each image. These drives also provide a convenient way to
make backup copies of all the important files you want to keep.

Modems
Modems are now as ubiquitous as computers, and more often than not, they
come built into computers. You must have a modem to connect to the Internet,
so make sure that your computer has one. If you use telephone lines for
Internet access, the typical speed for a home modem is 56 K. If your computer
doesn’t have one already installed internally, you can obtain an external
modem, which sits near your computer rather than inside it. External modems
are widely available and require minimum installation.
If you use cable or a dedicated line for Internet access, you will need a
specialized modem. These are much faster than the modems designed to work
with the telephone lines, but they are more expensive.

Printers
Hundreds of different printers are on the market, in a wide range of prices.
Printer technology has advanced dramatically in the last 10 years, so even a
less expensive printer can produce impressive results. Some new computer
packages include a printer. Printers are easy to buy and easy to install if the
computer you obtain doesn’t have one.

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Printers are distinguished by printing features, output quality, and speed—that
is, how many pages they can print in a minute. The most popular printers for
home use are ink jet printers. Ink jets print pages by spraying a fine ink mist
onto the page and are the type of printers most often used for color printing.
Laser printers, although more expensive, are faster and of higher quality, and
most models allow only black-and-white printing. Color laser printers can be
quite expensive. You can also find multipurpose machines that print, fax, copy,
and scan. If you have a need for all these features, check with a local computer
store or current magazines to learn more about features and trade-offs.

Laser Printers
Laser printers, long the standard for professional and corporate users, are fast
and efficient, and typically are much faster than ink jet printers. Some laser
printers can print 32 ppm (pages per minute), which is blazingly fast. They also
offer multiple trays for different paper sizes and a host of other features. If you
have a small business that requires a good deal of printing or invoicing, or if you
expect to use your printer for a community publishing system for a club or
group, this type of printer will give you very fast results. However, unless you
buy an expensive color laser, you are signing up for black-and-white printing
only.

Ink Jet Printers

Ink jet printers are the home standard. They provide color capabilities as well as
crisp black and white, but their speed doesn’t match that of laser printers. The
cheaper models can take more than a minute to print a full page of text. But for
most people, the benefits outweigh the inconvenience.

Joysticks for the Future Racecar Driver or Pilot

Computers have become phenomenal game stations, and certain hardware
additions can make your playtime wildly enjoyable. You can find several
different types of game controllers, including joysticks. As with all computer
peripherals, prices vary widely, but a standard joystick is relatively inexpensive.
Simple joysticks consist of a single post fixed at the base like a stick shift that
can move in all directions. You have probably seen one on a motorized
wheelchair to allow the driver to steer with minimal movement. If you are
planning to “learn to fly” with Microsoft Flight Simulator, a joystick is required.

This joystick gives you control when you play video games.
Besides joysticks, you can even find steering wheels with dashboard consoles if
you want to try your hand at a racecar game. The newest controllers include

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vibration; when something happens on-screen, the controller vibrates and you
feel the jolts and motions of the game you are playing.

Now Playing: A Movie on Your DVD Drive

Never mind the technical details: a DVD drive lets you watch full-length movies
on your computer, and you don’t even have to rewind! If you are interested and
if your computer is set up in a room to allow easy viewing, you can rent videos,
not on videotape, but on the newest form of CD drives, the DVD. The DVD is the
most recent generation of CD drives; a DVD disk can hold about six times as
much information as a regular CD.

CD and DVD Burner

If you want to write your own CDs but your CD drive doesn't have writing
capabilities, you might consider buying a specialized drive for this purpose. This
kind of drive is called a CD burner. CD burners are quite inexpensive and easy
to install. The more expensive DVD burners use the newer DVD format, which
allows you to store more information on your disks.

Scanners for Transferring Photos onto Your Computer

A scanner is used to copy an image or page for storage and display on the
computer. Scanners typically look like little copying machines, with a glass
plate (the plate you put the copy on) and a heavy rubberized mat that lies on top
of that.

DVD drives still accept standard CD-ROM disks and audio CDs, so you don’t need
a CD drive if you get a DVD drive.

Use a scanner such as this one to move print pictures onto your computer.
Scanners are great if you have many pictures that you want to preserve or share
with others. Scanners are also great if you have a lot of typed text that you want
to store on the computer. Scanners now come with OCR (optical character
recognition) software that actually reads the text on the page and turns it into a
text file. This doesn’t work very well with handwritten text, however, so if your
intention is to use a scanner to translate your brother’s badly written letters
into something legible, don’t count on it.

Special Needs
What happens when someone can’t use a standard keyboard or mouse? Or
what if someone can’t read the screen well or hear the computer’s audio cues?
Smaller companies have created a whole class of hardware for special needs. If
you’re visually or hearing impaired, or suffer from arthritis or partial paralysis,
some useful and well-conceived alternatives are available for you. Some special

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needs options are built into Windows, and there is a universe of hardware and
software options available as well.
The range of options is almost as diverse as the range of special needs. To find
the best software and hardware solution, ask your specialist or local
gerontologist for more information. When you get on the Web, you’ll find a huge
number of resources to choose from as well.

Note
Windows XP comes with Accessibility Options, which address many special
computing needs. Visit http://www.microsoft.com/enable/products/ for details
on how to access these features and for more information on other accessibility
products.

Other Attachments
Besides all the things commonly attached to a computer, an impressive array of
other attachments exists. Here are some of the things that might catch your
eye. If it’s an electrical appliance, there’s a good chance that one model or
another can connect to your computer. Here is a partial list:
■ Some types of musical keyboards referred to as MIDI keyboards or MIDI
compatible keyboards can be connected to your computer so that you can
record a performance, edit it, and play it back.
■ Robotics toys allow you to build a robot, program it on your PC, and then let
it roam around your home executing your instructions.
■ Digital video cameras can be attached to your computer, and you can
transfer images to or from your computer.
■ Digital cameras, which are cameras that take instant, filmless pictures,
allow you to snap away and then transfer the pictures directly to your PC.
■ Sewing machines connect to a personal computer and do extraordinary
multicolored stitch work based on the orders you
give it.

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 SELF CHECK 2.1-2
Matching Type: Match column A to column B.

A B
Mouse

Keyboards

Monitors

Speakers

Scanners

ANSWER KEY
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 A B
Mouse

Keyboards

Monitors

Speakers

Scanners

INFORMATION SHEET 2.1-3

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 Computer Storage Devices

Knowing what kinds of storage devices are available can keep you from using up
too much space on your computer’s hard drive. They can also help keep your
computer’s hard drive from crashing, along with keeping it running at top
speed.

The most common storage devices are:

 Floppy Disks
 Zip Disks
 CD + RW
 CD + R
 DVD + RW
 DVD + R

Floppy Disk – They are plastic square disks, usually with a silver or black
sliding piece going across the top. These disks come in a variety of colors and
they hold about 144 million bytes. (Bytes are characters, symbols and letters).

Zip Disk – They look like a floppy disk, but they are a little thicker. This disk
also comes in a variety of colors and holds about 200 MB of data.

CD + RW Disc (Compact Disc Rewriteable) – This disc looks like a regular CD.
The only difference is that you can write on this disc and erase it as many times
as you want. It works just like a floppy disk or a zip disk. A CD + RW disc holds
about 650 MB.

c (Compact Disc Recordable) – This one is a CD that you can record on. It’s
mostly used to record audio and once it’s been written on, you cannot rewrite or
erase anything off of it. This compact disc comes in different sizes, but they are
usually silver in color. (Some CDs are black in color and they actually don’t get
as many scratches on them as the silver ones do. They are also a lot less
fragile).

A DVD – R Disc (Digital Video Recordable) – These discs hold the space of about
4.7 GB and are used to record movies on.

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 The more uncommon storage devices are:

 Removable Hard Drive

 Internet Hard Drive
 Flash
 PC Cards
 Smart Cards
 Storage Tapes
 Memory Sticks
 Smart Media

Removable Hard Drive – This is a disk drive in which a plastic or metal case
surrounds the hard drive. It can be inserted and removed just like a floppy disk.
It holds about 2 GB of data.

Internet Hard Drive – This one is a service on the Internet that provides
storage space to computer users. This service offers about 25 MB of space, but
it could be more, depending on the service type.

Flash Drive – This a storage device that comes in many colors and has a stick
shape to it. They are very small in size, but they can hold anywhere between
256 MB and 16 GB of material on them.
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PC Card – This is a thin credit card size device that fits into a PC card slot,
usually on a notebook computer. This card simply adds storage to most
notebooks.

Smart Cards – These are the size of an ATM card. When inserted into a smart
card reader, they can read and update data for you.

Storage Tape – This one is a magnetically coated ribbon of plastic, capable of

storing large amounts of data at a very low cost. Usually, storage tapes are a
little bigger than audio tapes. Older computers used tape and tape drives, but
even today, some people still back their systems up with storage tape. These
tapes hold between 20 GB to about 110 GB of data. An external tape drive can
be purchased separately as well, but those are even harder to find.

Miniature Mobile Storage Media – This is used mostly with handheld

computers and digital cameras.

Memory Stick – This is a rectangular shaped disk that is used mostly with
digital cameras and notebook computers. They hold approximately 128 MB as
well.

Micro Drive – This is a square disk that has 1 GB of space and is used with
digital cameras and handheld computers.

Smart Media Disc – This is a square disk that has 2 MB to about 128 MB of
space on it. It’s used with digital cameras, handheld computers and photo
printers.

There you go! These are just some of the storage devices that are available
today. So, the next time you want to save something that takes up a large
amount of space on your hard drive, think twice about it and consider using
one of these storage devices instead. One of these devices could save you a lot of
space on your hard drive and keep your system running at its best!

SELF CHECK 2.1-3

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MULTIPLE CHOICE:

Select the best answer of the given choices.

1. They look like a floppy disk, but they are a little thicker. This disk also
comes in a variety of colors and holds about 200 MB of data.
a. CD
b. Zip Disk
c. Hard Disk
d. DVD
2. These discs hold the space of about 4.7 GB and are used to record
movies on.
a. DVD – R Disc
b. CD – R Disc
c. CD + RW Disc
d. Zip Disk
3. This is a disk drive in which a plastic or metal case surrounds the
hard drive. It can be inserted and removed just like a floppy disk. It
holds about 2 GB of data.
a. Internet Hard Drive
b. Flash Drive
c. Removable Hard Drive
d. Storage Tape
4. This is a rectangular shaped disk that is used mostly with digital
cameras and notebook computers. They hold approximately 128 MB as
well.
a. Miniature Mobile Storage Media
b. Memory Stick
c. Micro Drive
d. Smart Media Disc
5. This a storage device that comes in many colors and has a stick shape
to it. They are very small in size, but they can hold anywhere between
256 MB and 16 GB of material on them.
a. Flash Drive
b. Memory Stick
c. Micro Drive
d. Smart Media Disc

ANSWER KEY
1. B
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2. A
3. C
4. B
5. A

LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

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 LEARNING OUTCOME
INPUT DATA INTO COMPUTER
#2

CONTENTS:
 Relevant types of software
 Communication skills to identify lines of communication, request advice, follow instructions
and receive feedback
 Storage devices and basic categories of memory
 Basic ergonomics of keyboard and computer user

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Data entered into the computer using appropriate program/application in accordance with
company procedure
2. Accuracy of information checked and information saved in accordance with standard
operating procedures
3. Inputted data stored in storage media according to requirements
4. Work performed within ergonomic guidelines.

CONDITION:
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
 Equipment:
- 1 unit of computer
- voltage regulator/UPS
 Learning Materials:
- Learning manuals
- Work instruction
- Hand-outs
 Supplies/Materials:
- Operating system
- Application program

EVALUATION METHOD:
 Hands-on
 Direct observation
 Practical demonstration

Learning Experiences

Learning Outcome 2
INPUT DATA INTO COMPUTER

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 Learning Activities Special Instructions
1. Read Information Sheet If you have some problem on the content of
2.2-1 Major Types of the information sheets don’t hesitate to
Software approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are now knowledgeable
on the content of the information sheets,
you can now answer Self Check provided in
the module.
2. Answer Self-Check for Compare your answer to the answer key
2.2-1 2.2-1. If you got 100% correct answer in this
self-check, you can now to next information
sheet. If not review the information sheet
and go over the self-check again.
3. Read Information Sheet If you have some problem on the content of
2.2-2 OPERATING SYSTEM the information sheets don’t hesitate to
approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are now knowledgeable
on the content of the information sheets,
you can now answer Self Check provided in
the module.
4. Answer Self-Check for Compare your answer to the answer key
2.2-2 2.2-2. If you got 100% correct answer in this
self-check, you can now go to the next
information sheet. If not review the
information sheet and go over the self-check
again.
5. Read Information Sheet If you have some problem on the content of
2.2-3 Customizing Windows the information sheets don’t hesitate to
Desktop approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are now knowledgeable
on the content of the information sheets,
you can now answer Self Check provided in
the module.
6. Answer Self-Check for Compare your answer to the answer key
2.2-3 2.2-3. If you got 100% correct answer in this
self-check, you can now perform task sheet
2.-1. If not review the information sheet and
go over the self-check again.
Compare your work to the performance
7. Perform Task Sheet
checklist. If you got 100% correct answer in
2.2-1
this task, you can now move to the next
Customize Windows Learning Outcome. If not review the
Desktop information sheet and go over the task
again.
After doing all activities of this LO, you
are ready to proceed to the next LO.

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 INFORMATION SHEET 2.2-1

Major Types of Software

Software is the means by which computer systems speak with computer users.
Software forms the heart of computer systems. What are the major types of
software? Read on to find out.

Software, by definition, is the collection of computer programs, procedures and

documentation that performs different tasks on a computer system. The term
'software' was first used by John Tukey in 1958. At the very basic level,
computer software consists of a machine language that consists of groups of
binary values, which specify processor instructions. The processor instructions
change the state of computer hardware in a predefined sequence. Briefly,
computer software is the language in which a computer speaks. There are
different types of computer software. What are their major types? Let us see.

Major Types of Software

Programming Software: This is one of the most commonly known and

popularly used forms of computer software. These software come in forms of
tools that assist a programmer in writing computer programs. Computer
programs are sets of logical instructions that make a computer system perform
certain tasks. The tools that help the programmers in instructing a computer
system include text editors, compilers and interpreters.

System Software: It helps in running the computer hardware and the

computer system. System software is a collection of operating systems; devise
drivers, servers, windowing systems and utilities. System software helps an
application programmer in abstracting away from hardware, memory and other
internal complexities of a computer.

Application Software: It enables the end users to accomplish certain specific

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tasks. Business software, databases and educational software are some forms of
application software. Different word processors, which are dedicated for
specialized tasks to be performed by the user, are other examples of application
software.

Apart from these three basic types of software, there are some other well-known
forms of computer software like inventory management software, ERP, utility
software, accounting software and others. Take a look at some of them.

Inventory Management Software: This type of software helps an organization

in tracking its goods and materials on the basis of quality as well as quantity.
Warehouse inventory management functions encompass the internal warehouse
movements and storage. Inventory software helps a company in organizing
inventory and optimizing the flow of goods in the organization, thus leading to
an improved customer service.

Utility Software: Also known as service routine, utility software helps in the
management of computer hardware and application software. It performs a
small range of tasks. Disk defragmenters, systems utilities and virus scanners
are some of the typical examples of utility software.

Data Backup and Recovery Software: An ideal data backup and recovery
software provides functionalities beyond simple copying of data files. This
software often supports user needs of specifying what is to be backed up and
when. Backup and recovery software preserve the original organization of files
and allow an easy retrieval of the backed up data.

This was an overview of the major types of software. Computer software are
widely popular today and hence we cannot imagine a world of computers
without them. We would not have been able to use computers if not for the
software. What is fascinating about the world of computers is that it has its own
languages, its ways of communication with our human world and human
interaction with the computers is possible, thanks to computer software. I
wonder, if the word 'soft' in ‘software’ implies ‘soft-spokenness’, which is an
important quality of a pleasant communication

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 SELF CHECK 2.1-1

MATCHING TYPE: Match column A to column B

A B
1. Programming Software A. It enables the end users to
accomplish certain specific
tasks.
2. System Software B. Software preserve the
original organization of files
and allow an easy retrieval of
the backed up data.
3. Application Software C. It helps in running the
computer hardware and the
computer system.
4. Utility Software D. These software come in
forms of tools that assist a
programmer in writing
computer programs
5. Data Backup and E. Also known as service
Recovery Software routine, It helps in the
management of computer
hardware and application
software.

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 ANSWER KEY
1. D
2. C
3. A
4. E
5. B

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 INFORMATION SHEET 2.2-2

OPERATING SYSTEM
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

An operating system (OS) is software, consisting of programs and data, that

runs on computers, manages computer hardware resources, and provides
common services for execution of various application software. The operating
system is the most important type of system software in a computer system.
Without an operating system, a user cannot run an application program on
their computer, unless the application program is self booting.

For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the
operating system acts as an intermediary between application programs and the
computer hardware,[1][2] although the application code is usually executed
directly by the hardware and will frequently call the OS or be interrupted by it.
Operating systems are found on almost any device that contains a computer—
from cellular phones andvideo game consoles to supercomputers and web
servers.

Examples of popular modern operating systems are: BSD, Linux, Mac OS

X, Microsoft Windows, and Unix.[3]

Types

Real-time
A real-time operating system is a multitasking operating system that aims
at executing real-time applications. Real-time operating systems often use
specialized scheduling algorithms so that they can achieve a deterministic
nature of behavior. The main objective of real-time operating systems is
their quick and predictable response to events. They have an event-driven
or time-sharing design and often aspects of both. An event-driven system
switches between tasks based on their priorities or external events while
time-sharing operating systems switch tasks based on clock interrupts.

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 Multi-user vs. Single-user
A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to access a computer
system concurrently. Time-sharing system can be classified as multi-user
systems as they enable a multiple user access to a computer through the
sharing of time. Single-user operating systems, as opposed to a multi-
user operating system, are usable by a single user at a time. Being able to
have multiple accounts on a Windows operating system does not make it
a multi-user system. Rather, only the network administrator is the real
user. But for a Unix-like operating system, it is possible for two users to
login at a time and this capability of the OS makes it a multi-user
operating system.
Multi-tasking vs. Single-tasking
When a single program is allowed to run at a time, the system is grouped
under a single-tasking system, while in case the operating system allows
the execution of multiple tasks at one time, it is classified as a multi-
tasking operating system. Multi-tasking can be of two types namely, pre-
emptive or co-operative. In pre-emptive multitasking, the operating
system slices the CPU time and dedicates one slot to each of the
programs. Unix-like operating systems such as Solaris and Linux support
pre-emptive multitasking. Cooperative multitasking is achieved by relying
on each process to give time to the other processes in a defined manner.
MS Windows prior to Windows 95 used to support cooperative
multitasking.
Distributed
A distributed operating system manages a group of independent
computers and makes them appear to be a single computer. The
development of networked computers that could be linked and
communicate with each other, gave rise to distributed computing.
Distributed computations are carried out on more than one machine.
When computers in a group work in cooperation, they make a distributed
system.
Embedded
Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded
computer systems. They are designed to operate on small machines like
PDAs with less autonomy. They are able to operate with a limited number
of resources. They are very compact and extremely efficient by design.

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 Windows CE and Minix 3 are some examples of embedded operating
systems.

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 SELF CHECK 2.2-2
TRUE OR FALSE
Write T if the statement is True and F if the statement is False.

____1. An operating system (OS) is software, consisting

of programs and data, that runs on computers, manages computer
hardware resources, and provides common services for execution of
various application software.
____2. A real-time operating system is a multitasking operating system that
aims at executing real-time applications.
____3. A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to access a
computer system concurrently.
____4. Distributed operating systems are designed to be used in embedded
computer systems.
____5. An Embedded operating system manages a group of independent
computers and makes them appear to be a single computer.

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 ANSWER KEY
1. T
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. F

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 INFORMATION SHEET 2.2-3

Customizing Windows Desktop

Start menu

The Start menu is a primary conduit to functions and files. How to configure it
for individual preferences is discussed.
Many of the properties of the Start menu can be configured by right-clicking the
Start button and choosing "Properties" from the context menu. Figure 1 shows
the resulting properties sheet. To customize the Start menu, click the
"Customize" button. This will open the dialog box shown in Figure 2. Those who
wish can change the appearance of the Start menu to the older look by choosing
"Classic Start menu". Only the XP style will be considered in this discussion.
Figure 1. Properties sheet for Start menu

Fgure 2. Dialog box for customizing Start menu

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There are several areas in the Windows XP Start menu and these are shown in
figure 3. A number of the entries are discussed in following sections.

Figure 3. Sections in the Windows XP Start menu

Recently used programs

Using an algorithm that is not always clear, Windows XP will place shortcuts to
some of the programs that you have recently used into the area labeled
“Recently used programs”.

Pinned programs

If you wish to give a permanent place on the Start menu to a favorite program,
place it in the “Pinned” area. Right-click the program entry in the All Programs
menu or other location and choose “Pin to Start menu”. To remove a program
from the pinned area, right-click and choose “Unpin from Start menu”.

Organizing the “All Programs” menu

The listings in the All Programs menu are just shortcuts to the actual program
files and can be edited like any other shortcut.
Customizing Shortcuts

One way to use Windows XP better and more efficiently is to have a quick path

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to your most common tasks. Here's how to create useful shortcuts.

Everyone is familiar with the icons placed on the desktop, the shortcuts to
open programs. Many are also aware that shortcuts can be placed in the
taskbar. However, the average PC user is often unfamiliar with the various
methods that exist for creating shortcuts, not just to programs but also for
other functions. There are a number of methods for creating new shortcuts:

 Drag and drop

 The right-click “Send To” function

 The right-click “New” function

A discussion of each approach to creating shortcuts is given in the sections

below.

Drag and drop

The drag and drop method can be used in several ways. Either the left or the
right mouse button can be used for drag and drop with somewhat different
behavior. I prefer the right-click method and this will be the basis for the rest
of the discussion. Dragging with the right-click brings up the context menu

shown in the figure. One way to employ drag and drop is to

use the menu entry "Copy Here" to make a copy of an existing shortcut in a
different location. For example, an entry in the Start-All Programs menu can be
dragged to the desktop or to the Quick Launch bar to place a copy of a
shortcut in a more readily available spot.

The right-click “Send To” function

For making shortcuts specifically on the desktop, the Send To function of the

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right-click can be used (figure on the left). Simply right-click on the desired file
or folder and select "Desktop (create shortcut)" from the "Send To" menu.

The right-click “New” function

The most general method for creating shortcuts

uses the "New" function of the context menu that appears when a vacant spot
within a folder window or on the desktop is right-clicked (figure on the left).
Right-click in the folder where the shortcut is to be placed and select the entry
"Shortcut" from the menu. The dialog box shown below will open. The location
of the target item can be entered or the "Browse" function can be used to locate
it.

First dialog box for creating new shortcut

If the "Browse" button is selected, the dialog shown below will open. Here you
can select the file or folder that you wish to create a shortcut for (the target).
Once the desired folder or file has been selected, Click the "OK" button.

Dialog box for Browse function

Customizing the Taskbar

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The Taskbar is the strip across the length of the screen that is the central
means for accessing programs and files. Configuring it to suit individual
preferences is discussed.
Windows XP taskbar

Configuring the taskbar

To configure the taskbar, right-click in an empty space on the bar and select
“Properties” from the context menu. The resulting dialog box is shown in the
figure below.
Taskbar properties sheet

Notification Area (aka System Tray)

A variety of programs will place icons in the section of the taskbar on the far
right that typically contains the clock. In XP, Microsoft calls this the
“Notification area”. It was previously known as the “System tray”.

Section of Taskbar properties for Notification area

Toolbars

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It is possible to add customized toolbars to the middle area of the taskbar.
Right-click an empty spot on the taskbar and choose “Toolbars”. There are five
standard default choices , including “Quick Launch” (first figure below). (Other
software may sometimes add extra choices.) There is also an item “New
toolbar” that allows the choice of any folder (second figure below). The Desktop
toolbar gives access to the contents of the desktop without having to minimize
any open windows. Similarly, a frequently used folder can be made easily
accessible by creating a toolbar for it.

TO CHANGE YOUR DESKTOP BACKGROUND

1. Open Display in Control Panel.
2. On the Desktop tab, do one or more of the following:

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 • Click a picture in the Background list. In Position, click Center,
or Stretch.
• Click Browse to search for a background picture in other folders or on other
drives. You can use files with the following
extensions: .bmp, .gif, .jpg, .dib, .png, .htm. In Position, click Center,
or Stretch.
• Select a color from Desktop color. The color fills the space not used by a
picture.
Note
• To open Display, click Start, click Control Panel, click Appearance and Themes
and then click Display.
• You can use a personal picture as a background. All of your personal pictures
located in My Pictures are listed by name in theBackground list.
• You can save a picture from a Web site as a background. Right-click the picture
and then click Set as Background. The picture is listed in the Background box as
Internet Explorer Background.
• If you choose an .htm document as your background picture, the Position options
are unavailable. The .htm document is automatically stretched to fill your
background.

Screen Saver

A screensaver is a computer program originally designed to conserve the

image quality of computer displays by blanking the screen, or filling it with
moving images or patterns when the computer was not in use. Today,
screensavers are primarily used for entertainment or security purposes.

Steps:
1. Open Display properties by Clicking Start, Control Panel & Display or
Right Click your desktop and choose properties.
2. Click Screen Saver Tab
3. Choose your screen saver and click apply.

Self Check 2.2-3

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TRUE OR FALSE:
Write T if the statement is True and F if the statement is False.

____1. The Start menu is a primary conduit to functions and files

____2. If you wish to give a permanent place on the Start menu to a favorite
program, place it in the “Work” area.
____3. One way to use Windows XP better and more efficiently is to have
a quick path to your most common tasks.
____4. For making shortcuts specifically on the desktop, the Send To function
of the right-click can’t be used.
____5. The Taskbar is the strip across the length of the screen that is the
central means for accessing programs and files.

ANSWER KEY

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 1. T
2. F
3. T
4. F
5. T

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 TASK SHEET 2.2-1

Title: Customize Windows Desktop

Performance Objective: Given the necessary tools and materials you are going
to change the desktop settings of your computer.

Supplies/Materials : Functional PC

Equipment :

Steps/Procedure:
1. Start computer using your user account.
2. Customized your start menu to standard
3. Change number of programs in start menu to 10 & use Small Icon.
4. In advance tab
Check
 Open menus when I pause on them with my mouse
 Highlight newly installed programs
 Control Panel
Display as menu
 My Computer
Display as menu
 My Document
Display as link
 My Network Places – On
5. Change the desktop picture of your computer
6. Add Screen Saver

Assessment Method:

Performance Criteria Checklist

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 Performance Checklist 2.2-1

CRITERIA Yes NO
Did the trainee:
Started computer using your user account.
Customized your start menu to standard
Changed number of programs in start menu to 10 & use Small
Icon
Changed the desktop picture of your computer
Changed Screen Saver

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 LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

ACCESS INFORMATION USING COMPUTER

LEARNING OUTCOME
#3

CONTENTS:
 Relevant types of software
 Business application
 System software
 Basic ergonomics of keyboard and computer user

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Correct program/application selected based on job requirements
2. Program/application containing the information required accessed according to
company procedures
3. Desktop icons correctly selected, opened and closed for navigation purposes
4. Keyboard techniques carried out in line with OHS requirements for safe use of
keyboards

CONDITION:
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
 Equipment:
- 1 unit of computer
- voltage regulator/UPS
 Learning Materials:
- Learning manuals
- Work instruction
- Hand-outs
 Supplies/Materials:
- Operating system
- Application program
- Disks

EVALUATION METHOD:
 Hands-on
 Direct observation
 Practical demonstration

Learning Experiences

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Learning Outcome 3
ACCESS INFORMATION USING COMPUTER

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read Information Sheet If you have doubt/verifications regarding the
2.3-1 Getting Started data on the information sheet 2.3-1, you
with Word may ask the trainer or co-trainees who are
done with this activity.
2. Answer Self-Check for Compare answers with the answer key 2.3-
2.3-1 1. You are required to get all answers
correct. If not, read the information sheet
2.3-1 again to answer all questions
correctly.
Compare your work to the performance checklist. If you got
3. Perform 100% correct answer in this task, you can now move to the next
Task Sheet 2.3-1: Information Sheet. If not review the information sheet and go
over the task again.
Working with MsWord
4. Read Information Sheet If you have doubt/verifications regarding the
2.3-2 data on the information sheet 2.3-2, you
Learning Worksheet may ask the trainer or co-trainees who are
Fundamentals done with this activity.
5. Answer Self-Check 2.3-2 Compare answers with the answer key 2.3-
2. You are required to get all answers
correct. If not, read the information sheet
2.3-2 again to answer all questions
correctly.
Compare your work to the performance checklist. If you got
6. Perform 100% correct answer in this task, you can now move to the next
Task Sheet 2.3-2: Information Sheet. If not review the information sheet and go
over the task again.
Creating Worksheet
7. Read Information Sheet If you have doubt/verifications regarding the
2.3-3 data on the information sheet 2.3-3, you
Creating a Presentation may ask the trainer or co-trainees who are
done with this activity.
8. Answer Self-Check 2.3-3 Compare answers with the answer key 2.3-
3. You are required to get all answers
correct. If not, read the information sheet
2.3-3 again to answer all questions
correctly.
Compare your work to the performance
9. Perform
checklist. If you got 100% correct answer in
Task Sheet 2.3-3: this task, you can now move to the next
Creating Presentation Information Sheet. If not review the
information sheet and go over the task

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 again.
After doing all activities of this LO, you
are ready to proceed to the next LO.

INFORMATION SHEET 2.3-1

Getting Started with Word

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Learning Objectives

After completing this lesson, you will be able to:

 Start Word.
 Explore the Word window.
 Enter text in a document.
 Save a document.
 Close a document and quit Word.

Just a few years ago, correspondence was created with paper and pencils,
pens, or typewriters. Gone are the days, however, of correction fluid, crossed-
out words, and wads of crumpled papers scattered around your garbage can.
Today most personal and professional correspondence is created using
computers. And, in most cases, those computers are running a word-
processing program to make the creation of documents easier and more
accurate.
Microsoft Word is one such word-processing program. With the help of
Microsoft Word, you can quickly and easily create memos, faxes, reports,
letters, charts, and newsletters. You can also, among other things, add
graphics to documents and use other Microsoft Office XP programs to import
data into a Word document. Not only is Word a convenient time-saver, but
Word also allows you to check spelling and edit documents before printing. No
longer do reports, letters, and other documents have to be completely retyped
just because of an error or two. Word allows you to edit quickly and leaves you
with a very clean, professional-looking document (and saves you from emptying
your garbage can so often).
In this lesson, you will learn how to start and quit Word and how to identify
the various components in the Word window, such as the menu bar and
toolbar. You’ll explore the task pane, you’ll practice entering text into a
document, and then you’ll save a document. To complete the procedures in
this lesson, you will create your own practice files.

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Starting Word
You start Word by clicking the Start button, which is at the left end (or top) of
the Microsoft Windows taskbar. After you start Word, the program appears in
its own window with a new, blank document open. A window is an area of the
screen that is used to display a program or document. Every window has
common components, including scroll bars and toolbars. You’ll learn more
about the components of the Word window later in this lesson. A document is
a self-contained piece of work created by using a program.
In other words, the Word window and each open document are displayed in
separate windows. You can use Word to open multiple documents (therefore
multiple document windows) at a time, you can resize a document window,
and you can also minimize a document window. When you minimize a
document window, the document window is reduced to a button on the
Windows taskbar. The document is still open; you just can’t see it.

In this exercise, you use the Start button to open Word.

1 Click the Start button at the left end (or top) of the Windows taskbar,
which is typically located along the bottom of the screen. (You may also
find it at the top or along one of the sides of the screen.)
The Start menu appears.
2 On the Start menu, point to All Programs.
The All Programs submenu appears.
3 On the All Programs submenu, click Microsoft Word.
Word starts.

tip

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Rather than clicking the Start button, pointing to All Programs, and clicking the program that
you want to use, you can save time by creating a desktop shortcut. You simply double-click a
shortcut icon to start its associated program. To create a desktop shortcut to Word, click the
Start button, point to All Programs, point to Microsoft Word, and hold down the Ctrl key while
you drag the Microsoft Word icon to the desktop. Double-click the Word shortcut icon to open
Word.

Exploring the Word Window

Many components in the Word window are similar to those in other Windows
programs. The following illustration displays the elements in the Word window,
and a description of each element follows the figure.

Title bar The area of a window or dialog box that displays the name of the
current dialog box or application and the name of the current document. It is
located along the top of the window.
Menu bar The area that lists the names of the menus available in Word. A
menu is a collection of related commands from which you can make a
selection. The menu bar is located just below the title bar.
Standard toolbar A toolbar that provides quick access to the editing functions
you use frequently. For example, on the Standard toolbar, the button that you
use to save a document contains an icon of a floppy disk. The Standard
toolbar is located just below the menu bar.
Formatting toolbar A toolbar that provides quick access to the formatting
functions that you use frequently. The names of buttons are displayed in

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ScreenTips when you position the mouse pointer over the buttons.

Insertion point A blinking vertical line in the document window that

indicates where the next character (any single letter, number, space, tab, page
break, paragraph mark, or symbol that can be entered in a document) typed
from the keyboard will appear.

Selection area The area between the left edge of the window and the left edge
of a line of text. You position the mouse pointer in the selection area to select
an entire line of text. The pointer changes to a right-pointing arrow when it is
positioned in the selection area.

Ruler An on-screen scale marked with inches or other units of measure,

which changes the indentation of paragraphs, resets a page margin (an area of
blank space between the edge of the paper and the text), and adjusts the width
of columns. The ruler is located below the toolbars.

Scroll bars Bars that are used for moving the view of the document. The
vertical scroll bar is located along the right side of the window, and the
horizontal scroll bar is located along the lower portion of the window, just
above the status bar.

Navigation buttons Buttons that are used for moving the view in a long
document. These buttons are located on the vertical scroll bar.

Status bar A bar that displays explanations of currently selected text at the
bottom edge of the program window.

Minimize button A button that reduces a window to a button on the Windows

taskbar. It appears as a button with a horizontal line and is located in the
group of three buttons at the upper-right corner of the window.

Maximize/Restore Down button A button that switches back and forth, or

toggles (alternately turns an option on or off each time that the option is
selected) between displaying a window in its maximum size and restoring a
window to its previous size. It is located in the group of three buttons at the
upper-right corner of the window.

Close button A button that closes the current window or application. It is

located in the group of three buttons at the upper-right corner of the window.

ScreenTip A help item that shows the name of a button or screen element
when you rest the mouse pointer on a toolbar button or screen element.

Task pane Word organizes commands for common tasks in the task pane, a

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small window next to your document that opens when you need it. For
example, when you start Word, you see the New Document task pane, which
includes commands for opening and creating documents. Use the New
Document task pane to open a saved or blank document, to create a document
based on an existing one, or to create a document from a template (a file
containing structure and style settings that help you create a specific type of
document, such as a memo or resume). You can also show or hide any task
pane when you like. If you want to use a task pane and the one that you want
does not appear, you can manually show the task pane and then select the
specific task pane that you want from the Other Task Panes menu on the task
pane. If you no longer need the task pane, you can hide it to free up valuable
screen space in the program window. On the View menu, click Task Pane;
clicking the command hides the task pane if it is currently displayed or shows
it if it is currently hidden.

tip
The task pane opens each time you start Word and closes when you open a document. If you
don’t want the task pane to appear each time you start Word, clear the Show at Startup check
box in the task pane.

Entering Text
You begin creating a document by simply typing text. When you enter text into
a document, you don’t have to press Enter at the end of each line. Word’s word
wrap automatically wraps text from one line to the next each time the insertion
point reaches the right margin. Word wrap breaks lines of text so that they
stay within margin boundaries; you don’t have to enter hard returns. You
press Enter only when you want to begin a new paragraph or insert a blank
line. Word uses left and right page margins of 1.25 inches and top and bottom
margins of 1 inch by default; however, you can reset the page margins .

As you type text, the insertion point moves, indicating the location for the next character. If
you make a mistake, press Backspace to delete characters to the left of the insertion point or
press Delete to delete characters to the right of the insertion point.

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Saving a Document
The text that you enter is stored in the computer’s memory, which is
temporary. To keep the file for future use, you must store the document on
your hard disk.
In this exercise, you save your new document to your hard disk and save the
document again after you make changes.
1 On the Standard toolbar, click the Save button to display the Save As dialog box.

2 In the File name box, type Brochure 01.

3 Click the Save In down arrow, and click the icon for your hard disk.
4 Double-click the Computer Fundamentals Practice folder.
The Save in box displays the text Computer Fundamentals Practice, and
the dialog box displays the contents of the Computer Fundamentals
Practice folder.
5 Double-click the Part III folder, and then the Lesson01 folder.
The Lesson01 folder opens.
6 Click the Save button.
The file is saved to your hard disk with the new name, which is now
displayed in the Microsoft Word title bar.
7 Click at the end of the first paragraph to position the insertion point
there.
8 Press the Spacebar, and type the following sentence:
Meetings are held monthly where an expert guest speaker presents
timely and pertinent information.
9 On the Standard toolbar, click the Save button.
Word saves the document.
Keep this file open for the next exercise.

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Tip
Word saves documents for recovery in case the program stops responding or
you lose power. The Document Recovery task pane lists all recovered
documents and allows you to open the documents, view the repairs, and
compare the recovered versions. Word saves the changes in a recovery file
based on the amount of time indicated in the AutoRecover option. To turn on
the AutoRecover option and specify a time interval in which to save, on the
Tools menu, click Options, click the Save tab, select the Save AutoRecover info
every check box, specify the period of time, and then click OK.

Closing a Document
and Quitting Word
After a file is stored on your hard disk, you can clear it from the screen by
closing the document window or quitting Word. If the document has not been
saved, Word prompts you to save the file before closing the window.
To clear a document from the document window, on the File menu, click Close,
or in the upper-right corner of the screen, click the Close button. Closing the
current document window leaves Word still running. When you click Exit on
the File menu, the Word program quits.
1 On the File menu, click Close.
The document closes, leaving Word open but no documents open.
2 On the File menu, click Exit.
Word closes.
3 To restart Word, Click the Start button on the Windows taskbar, point to
All Programs, and click Microsoft Word. (You could also choose Microsoft
Word from the first column of the Start menu.)
Word starts.
4 Click the Close button on the New Document task pane.
Keep the new Word document open for the next exercise.

To close MS Word Window

1 On the File menu, click Close to close the file. If you are prompted to
save changes, click No.
Word closes the file without saving the changes.
2 In the upper-right corner of the Word window, click the Close button.
The Word program closes.

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Self Check 2.3-1

1 How do you save a copy of the current document without changing the
original version?
2 What are two ways that you can close a document?
3 What happens when you click the button labeled with an X in the upper-
right corner of the Word window?
4 How do you separate the Standard and Formatting toolbars?
5 What is the Start menu used for?

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 Answer Key
1. File/ Save as/
2. File Close and Click the close X button.
3. It will close the window
4. By dragging the toolbar
5. Use to open a program or application.

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 TASK SHEET 2.3-1

Title: Working with MsWord

 Performance Objective: Given the necessary supplies and materials,
you are going to create and type a document using MS Word
Supplies/Materials
 Personal Computer
Equipment : PC
Steps/Procedure:
1. Open MS Word and type the following:

Naming files and directories

Formation of file and directory names are governed by the following rules:

1. There should be a maximum of eight (8) characters used, with no spaces in

between, and an optional extension of at most three (3) characters after a period.
(For DOS and Windows 3.11 or 3.11 only)
2. The period (.) is a special character. It is used for no other purpose but to separate
the name of the file from the extension. No Space are placed before and after the
period.
3. Valid characters that may be used are as follows:
a. the letters of the alphabet, from A to Z, regardless of whether they are upper or
lower case;
b. the digits ) to 9; and
c. the following special characters:
underscore (_) , caret (^), dollar sign ($), tilde (~), exclamation point (!), Number sign
(#), percent sign (%), ampersand (&), hyphen (-), braces ( { and } ), at sign (@),
single quotation mark (`), apostrophe (‘), and the parentheses, ( ).
4. Finally, no two names of a file or subdirectory in the same directory may be
identical

2. Perform the following requirements:

REQUIREMENTS:
A. Page setup C. Change the whole document except the title:
Paper size = Letter Font size = 12
Orientation = Portrait Font style = Times New Roman
Margin: Alignment = Justify
Left = 1”
Right = 1” D. Spell Check the whole document
Top = 1” E. Italized “ For DOS and Windows 3.11.or 3.1 only
Bottom = 1” Number 4
B. Title
1. center align F. Underline all word “file/s” and “Directory /ies”
2. Font size = 18
3. Bold
4. Case = Uppercase
5. Font style - Arial
3. . Write “Prepared By:” and “Your Name” 5 spaces after the last entry of your exercise.
4. Save your work as “ ACT1”
5. Let your trainer check your works.
Assessment Method:
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 LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

LEARNING OUTCOME
PRODUCE OUTPUT/DATA USING COMPUTER SYSTEM
#4

CONTENTS:
 Relevant types of software
 Computer peripherals
 Storage devices and basic categories of memory

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Entered data processed using appropriate software commands
2. Data printed as required using computer hardware/peripheral devices in accordance
with standard operating procedures
3. Files and data transferred between compatible systems using computer software,
hardware/peripheral devices in accordance with standard operating procedures

CONDITION:
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
 Equipment:
- 1 unit of computer
- printer
- voltage regulator/UPS
 Learning Materials:
- Learning manuals
- Work instruction
- Hand-outs
 Supplies/Materials:
- Operating system
- Application program
- Disks

EVALUATION METHOD:
 Lecture-demonstration
 Self-paced instruction
 Group discussion

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 Learning Experiences

Learning Outcome 4
PRODUCE OUTPUT/DATA USING COMPUTER SYSTEM
Learning Activities Special Instructions
If you have some problem on the content of the
1. Read Information Sheet information sheets don’t hesitate to approach your
2.4-1 How to Print File facilitator.
If you feel that you are now knowledgeable on the
content of the information sheets, you can now
answer Self Check provided in the module.
2. Answer Self-Check for Compare your answer to the answer key 2.4-1. If you
2.4-1 got 100% correct answer in this self-check, you can
now Perform task Sheet 2.4-1. If not review the
information sheet and go over the self-check again.
Compare your work to the performance checklist. If you got
3. Perform 100% correct answer in this task, you can now move to the next
Task Sheet 2.4-1: Information Sheet. If not review the information sheet and go
over the task again.
Printing Document

INFORMATION SHEET 2.4-1

How to Print File
Printing Document

Steps
1. Open a program that allows you to insert text into a document or get on
the internet.
2. If you were to open a program, you would need to type text into the
document. If you were to get on the internet, you could skip to step 7.
3. After you have typed text into the document, you need to locate the
menu bar, click on file, then point to print.
4. Click on print.\
5. When the print dialog box appears, select the printer you want to use (if
it is not already selected) and select the number of copies to print.
6. Click OK.
7. If you were to print a page or pages from the internet, follow steps 3, 4,
5, and 6, except you don't have to type text into a document to print.

Printing Spreadsheet

1. Format your spreadsheet the way you want to see it printed. Add
borders and shading as necessary to your tables and adjust

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 column widths so your data fits without overlapping. The better job
you do preparing your spreadsheet from the beginning, the easier it
will be to print. Include features like headers and footers to ensure
all the necessary information will be on the printout.

2. Change the screen view from normal mode to print view mode. For
Microsoft Excel, click "View" on the menu bar and then click "Page
Break Preview." Other spreadsheets will likely have a similar
process. If not, go to the "Print Preview" page and, if necessary,
turn on the margins by clicking the appropriate button--usually
"Margins."

3. Adjust the page breaks or margins by clicking on them and dragging

them in the direction you want them adjusted. Sometimes, the
scale will automatically adjust to fit your new margin or page-
break definitions. If not, you will have to do it manually.

4. Go to your spreadsheet's "Page Setup" function, usually in the "File"

menu, if you must manually adjust the scale. There are three types
of adjustments you may see. The first option is to choose between
"Landscape" and "Portrait." The former is better for wide,
continuous spreadsheets, while the latter is good for narrow or
limited-length tables. The second adjustment is to fit the
spreadsheet to a set number of pages in length and in width. The
scale is automatically adjusted to meet the criteria you define. The
final option is to choose a percentage adjustment from the original
size. This can work to enlarge or reduce the final printout.

5. Click the "Print" button on the toolbar once all of the adjustments
are made. There is no way to determine exactly how the
spreadsheet will look when it is finally on paper, so you may have
to go back and fine-tune some of your adjustments in order to print
out a copy that is professional and readable, especially for
extremely wide or complex spreadsheets.

Printing Slides in Power Point

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 Set the slide size and orientation for printing

To change your printing options, do the following:

1. On the Design tab, in the Page Setup group, click Page Setup.

2. In the Slides sized for list, click the size of paper on which you will be
printing.
NOTES

 If you click Custom, type or select the measurements that you want in
the Width and Height boxes.
 To print an overhead transparency, click Overhead.

3. To set the page orientation for the slides, under Orientation, under Slides,
click Landscape or Portrait.
NOTE By default, PowerPoint slide layouts appear in landscape orientation.
Although you can use only one orientation (either landscape or portrait) in a
presentation, you can link two presentations to display both portrait and
landscape slides in what appears to be one presentation. For more information,
see Use portrait and landscape slide orientation in the same presentation.
TOP OF PAGE
Print the slides

1. Click the Microsoft Office Button , and then click Print.

In the Print dialog box, under Print range, do one of the following:

To print all slides, click All.

To print the slide that is currently displayed, click Current slide.

To print one or more slides that you selected, click Selection.

To print specific slides numbers, click Slides, and then enter the slide
numbers or ranges in the adjoining box.

2. Under Copies, enter the number of copies that you want.

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3. Under Print What, select Slides.
NOTES

 For information about printing handouts, see Create and print handouts.
 If you select Outline view, PowerPoint prints only the text of your slides
(as it appears in outline view) and none of the graphics or animation.

4. Under Color/Grayscale, click one of the following:

Color If you print to a color printer, this option prints in color.

Color (On Black and White Printer) If you print to a black-and-white

printer, this option prints in grayscale.

Grayscale This option prints images that contain variations of gray tones
between black and white. Background fills are printed as white, so that the
text will be more legible. (Sometimes grayscale appears the same as Pure
Black and White.)

Pure Black and White This option prints the handout with no gray fills.

5. To increase resolution, blend transparent graphics, and print soft shadows in

your print job, select the High quality check box.
TIP When you print in high quality, it may take longer for your presentation
to print. To prevent a possible decrease in your computer's performance, clear
the High quality check box after you finish printing.
6. To print your slides on the paper that you selected for your printer, select
the Scale to fit paper check box.

7. To print a thin border around your slides, select the Frame slides check box.

8. Click Print.
NOTES

If you want to reset the print options and keep them as your default settings,
do the following:
1. Set the settings as you want them in the Print dialog box.

2. Click the Microsoft Office Button , click PowerPoint Options, and then

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 click Advanced.

3. Under When printing this document, click Use the most recently used
print settings.

If you are creating transparencies for an overhead projector, see Set the slide
size and orientation for printing. PowerPoint automatically optimizes your
slides for either black and white or color printers.

SELF CHECK 2.4-1

Arrange the given steps in proper order.

1. Printing Document

Steps
1. When the print dialog box appears, select the printer you want to use
(if it is not already selected) and select the number of copies to print.
2. Click OK.
3. If you were to open a program, you would need to type text into the
document. If you were to get on the internet, you could skip to step 7.
4. If you were to print a page or pages from the internet, follow steps 3,
4, 5, and 6, except you don't have to type text into a document to
print.
5. Open a program that allows you to insert text into a document or get
on the internet.
6. After you have typed text into the document, you need to locate the
menu bar, click on file, then point to print.
7. Click on print.\

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ANSWER KEY

Steps
1. Open a program that allows you to insert text into a document or get on
the internet.
2. If you were to open a program, you would need to type text into the
document. If you were to get on the internet, you could skip to step 7.
3. After you have typed text into the document, you need to locate the
menu bar, click on file, then point to print.
4. Click on print.\
5. When the print dialog box appears, select the printer you want to use (if
it is not already selected) and select the number of copies to print.
6. Click OK.
7. If you were to print a page or pages from the internet, follow steps 3, 4,
5, and 6, except you don't have to type text into a document to print.

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 TASK SHEET 2.4-1

Title: Printing Document

Performance Objective: Given the necessary supplies and materials, you are
going to print document based on the requirements.

Supplies/Materials : Bond paper,

Equipment : PC, Printer

Steps/Procedure:
1. Start your computer
2. Open your MS word activity
3. Print preview and make necessary adjustment
4. Print the document
5. Open your Excel activity
6. Print preview and make necessary adjustments
7. Print your spreadsheet
8. Let your trainer check your work.

Assessment Method:

Performance Criteria Checklist

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 Performance Checklist 2.4-1

CRITERIA Yes NO

Did the trainee:

Started the computer properly
Opened your MS word activity

Printed the document completely

Opened Excel worksheet

Printed the spreadsheet completely

Made necessary adjustment of the documents and spreadsheet

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 LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

LEARNING OUTCOME USE BASIC FUNCTIONS OF A WEB BROWSER TO LOCATE

#5 INFORMATION

CONTENTS:
 Web surfing
 Web browsers
 Search engines
 URLS and keywords
 Links
 Bookmarking

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Information requirements for Internet search established
2. Browser launched
3. Search engine loaded
4. Appropriate search criteria and/or URL of site entered
5. Relevant links followed to locate required information
6. Useful pages bookmarked or printed as required

CONDITION:
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
 Equipment:
- 1 unit of computer
- voltage regulator/UPS
 Learning Materials:
- Learning manuals
- Work instruction
- Hand-outs
 Supplies/Materials:
- Operating system
- Application program
- Disks
- Paper

EVALUATION METHOD:
 Hands-on
 Direct observation
 Practical demonstration

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 Learning Experiences

Learning Outcome 5
USE BASIC FUNCTIONS OF A WEB BROWSER TO LOCATE INFORMATION
Learning Activities Special Instructions
1. Read Information Sheet If you have some problem on the content of
2.5-1 Using the Internet the information sheets don’t hesitate to
and the World Wide Web approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are now knowledgeable
on the content of the information sheets,
you can now answer Self Check provided in
the module.
2. Answer Self-Check for Compare your answer to the answer key
2.5-1 2.5-1. If you got 100% correct answer in this
self-check, you can now Perform task Sheet
2.5-1. If not review the information sheet
and go over the self-check again.
Compare your work to the performance
3. Perform
checklist. If you got 100% correct answer in
Task Sheet 2.5-1: Using the this task, you can now move to the next
Internet and the World Wide Information Sheet. If not review the
Web information sheet and go over the task
again.

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 INFORMATION SHEET 2.5-1
Using the Internet and the World Wide Web

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After reading this information sheet you

will learn how to:
 Get around the Internet with your browser.
 Connect to the Internet.
 Use search engine
 Save Web pages.
 Create and use e-mail account

Almost everyone has heard of the Internet, and most people know that www
and dotcom have something to do with Web pages. But the Internet is much
more than just Web page addresses. With the Internet, you can read up-to-the-
minute news reports, reserve plane tickets, listen to music, send and receive
electronic messages, get weather reports, shop, conduct research, and much
more.
What’s the difference between the Internet and the World Wide Web? The
Internet is a network of computers, cables, routers, and other hardware and
software that interconnect and run on a network. The World Wide Web consists
of documents that are transmitted across the Internet’s hardware. The Web is
made up of Web pages and Web sites. A Web page is a specially formatted
document that can include text, graphics, hyperlinks, audio, animation, and
video. A Web site is a collection of Web pages.
Information comes in many forms on the Internet. To travel the Internet and
read, view, or listen to the sights and sounds, you need a program called a
browser. In this chapter, you’ll learn what Web pages are, how to use
Microsoft’s browser, Microsoft Internet Explorer, and how to “surf” the Internet
by following links between Web pages.

What Is a Browser?
A browser is a program that displays files that are in the HTML (Hypertext
Markup Language) file format (in contrast to .doc files or .txt files that you view
in your word processing program).

Web Addresses: What Do They Mean?

A Web address is commonly referred to as a URL (which we pronounce as
“U-R-L” but you might also hear pronounced as “earl.”) URL is short for Uniform
Resource Locator. Every Web page has a unique address, so you can always
find a favorite page and return to it easily at a later date

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 Higher-Level What It Signifies
Domain Name
.com A commercial address
.gov The federal government
.int International
.mil Military
.net A network provider
.org Some type of non-profit organization
Some domain names indicate the country of origin (www.culture.fr). The following table offers a partial list.

Country Country of Origin

Domain Name
.au Australia
.ca Canada
.fr France
.cn China
.il Israel
.it Italy
.jp Japan
.uk United Kingdom
.in India

Getting Around the Internet with Your Browser

There are several easy ways to open Internet Explorer. Here are two:
■ Double-click the Internet Explorer icon on your desktop.
■ Open the Start menu and select Internet Explorer from your list of
programs.
If you aren’t connected to the Internet when you open Internet Explorer, it will
automatically dial up and connect you.

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A Web Page: What’s Hot and What’s Not
When you visit a Web site, the site’s home page may be just the tip of the
iceberg, so be sure to check out what hyperlinks are available to you. A
hyperlink is an area or spot on a Web page that, when clicked, takes you to
another Web page or a different section of the current Web page, as designated
by the link. To find the hyperlinks on a Web page, move your mouse across the
screen. When the cursor changes to a pointing hand, you have reached a link.
Links can be found in text (typically, in a contrasting color), in pictures, even in
empty screen space, so a little detective work usually pays off.

Navigating Using The Standard Toolbar and the Keyboard

With a few hyperlink clicks of your mouse, you manage to travel quite a
distance into the World Wide Web. Traveling to destinations near and far is
undeniably part of the fun of the Web, but it would become frustrating fast if
the browser didn’t provide good navigation tools. Enter the Standard toolbar.
Internet Explorer provides you with the tools you need to effectively explore the
Web without becoming hopelessly lost. The toolbar is shown in the following
illustration, and its buttons are described in the list that follows the illustration.
You can also use keyboard shortcuts to navigate; those shortcuts are noted in
parenthesis.
Later versions of Internet Explorer might have buttons and features added or
modified, so don’t panic if your toolbar has a button we don’t describe here.

■ Back. The Back button returns you to the previous page. You can click the
Back button repeatedly to backtrack to a page you visited previously. The
Back button goes back only to sites that you visited during your current
session. (To backtrack with the keyboard, press Backspace or Alt+Left
Arrow.)
■ Forward. The Forward button reverses the action of the Back button. If you
go back too many pages, the Forward button enables you to move up to
where you were. The Forward button goes forward only to sites that you
visited during your current session. (To go forward with the keyboard, press
Alt+Right Arrow.)

Tip
You can click the drop-down arrows on the Back and Forward buttons to
choose sites that you’ve already visited within a session.
■ Stop. The Stop button stops a newly selected page from loading. When a
page is taking a long time to load, or you see that it is not a page you want,

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 clicking Stop will save you the time it would take to finish loading. (Press
the Esc key to stop loading.)
■ Refresh. The Refresh button retrieves the page again and reloads it. If you
are interested in pages that include information that is constantly being
updated—real-time stock quotes, for example—the Refresh button updates
the screen with the most current information available. (To refresh a page
with the keyboard,
press F5.)
■ Home. No matter where you find yourself, the Home button brings you
back to your home page, that is, the page Internet Explorer first opens to.
(Press Alt+Home.)
■ Search. The Search button helps you find subject matter when you don’t
know where to look. (Press Ctrl+E to open the Search bar.)
■ Favorites. The Favorites button displays a list of Web sites to which you
can go without typing the URL. (Press Ctrl+I to open the Favorites bar.)
■ History. The History button shows you all the sites you have visited, listed
by date. If you click one of the entries, you jump right to that site. (Press
Ctrl+H to open the History bar.)
■ Channels. The Channels button offers a diverse selection of Web sites,
categorized by topic.
■ Full Screen. The Full Screen button allows you to view a maximized Web
page without the menu showing. (Press F11 to toggle between Full Screen
and normal view.)
■ Mail. The Mail button helps you manage your e-mail.
■ Print. The Print button allows you to print the current Web page. (Press
Ctrl+P.)
■ Edit. The Edit button allows you to edit the currently displayed page in
Notepad.
■ Find. Although there isn’t a Find button on the Standard toolbar, you can
press Ctrl+F to find text on a page.

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Changing Your Home Page
Each time you open Internet Explorer, you open to your home page. But where
do you feel most at home? It’s easy to change your home page. Open the Tools
menu and select Internet Options. The Internet Options dialog box appears, as
shown in the following illustration.

Put your preferred home page address in the Home Page Address field and click
OK. That’s it. The next time you click the Home button or open Internet
Explorer, your new home page will appear.

Printing Web Pages

Internet Explorer lets you print Web pages in a variety of ways. You can print
entire Web pages or selected items, You also can print frames and linked
documents or you can print a table of links (these options aren’t covered in
detail in this lesson, however).
When you print an entire Web page, you can display the File menu and then
click Print to display the Print dialog box (as shown in the following illustration).
Or you can click the Print button on the toolbar.

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By default, Internet Explorer does not print Web page backgrounds. A Web page
background is the color, texture, or picture that appears behind the text and
graphics on a Web page. Printing Web page backgrounds can waste your time
and the printer’s ink, as well as produce hard-to-read results. If you want to
print a background, you must display the Tools menu, click Internet Options,
click the Advanced tab, click the Print Background Colors And Images check
box, and then click OK.

IMPORTANT
Your computer must be connected to a printer to complete the exercises in this section. In addition, you
should verify that your printer is turned on.

Beware of Copyrights
Copyright protection on the Internet is a sticky issue. To be safe, assume that all material contained in an
Internet document is copyrighted. That means that you can print material for your own private use, but you
can’t reuse or redistribute the material without permission. If you want to reuse material, such as a
photograph from the Lakewood Mountains Resort Web page, obtain permission from the Web site’s
“Webmaster” or the contact person listed on the page.
Occasionally, you’ll run across a site that offers free use of graphics or other material. For example, there
are a number of sites that provide icons, background patterns, and custom bullets for use without
permission. In those instances, feel free to copy and use the resources you find.

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Print a Web page
In this exercise, you print the Microsoft.com home page.
1 If necessary, start Internet Explorer.
2 In the Address bar, type microsoft.com, and press Enter.
3 The Microsoft.com home page appears.
4 On the File menu, click Print.
5 The Print dialog box appears.
6 In the Page Range section, choose pages, and then click the OK button.
7 The first page of the Microsoft.com home page is printed.

Print selected items

In this exercise, you print only the first paragraph of the Microsoft Press home
page.
1 In the Address bar, type microsoft.com/mspress, and press Enter.
2 Select the first paragraph of text at the top of the page.
3 On the File menu, click Print.
4 The Print dialog box appears.
5 In the Print Range area, click the Selection option.
6 Click OK.
The selected text is printed.
7 Click anywhere on the Web page to deselect the text.

Saving Web Pages

A Web page contains Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) formatting tags,
graphics, and multimedia files. HTML formatting tags are used to format text,
manipulate graphics, add background colors, and customize Web pages.
Because a single Web page can consist of a number of embedded files (each
graphic on a Web page is a separate file linked to the Web page’s text
document), you can choose to save a Web page in four ways:
■ Save a complete Web page. (This saves the HTML file and all additional files,
such as images, embedded in the Web page.)
■ Save an archive of a Web page. (This saves the entire Web page as a single,
uneditable file.)
■ Save only the HTML document. (This saves the HTML formatting tags, but
does not save embedded files.)
■ Save only the text appearing on the Web page.

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Save a complete Web page
To save the Internet Explorer home page as a complete Web page, do the
following:
1 If necessary, start Internet Explorer.
2 Type microsoft.com/windows/ie in the Address bar, and press Enter.
3 On the File menu, click Save As.
5 The Save Web Page dialog box appears.
6 If necessary, click the Save In drop-down arrow, and click Desktop.
7 In the File Name text box, select the current filename, and type Complete
Web Page.
8 The document you are saving will be named Complete Web Page.
9 If necessary, click the Save As Type drop-down arrow, click Web Page,
Complete (*.htm,*.html), and then click Save.
A progress bar shows the progress of the operation as the page’s elements
are saved. The document and its folder are saved to your desktop.

Save only a Web page’s HTML file

To save the Microsoft Word home page as an HTML file, do the following:
1 Type microsoft.com/office/word in the Address bar, and press Enter.
2 On the File menu, click Save As.
3 The Save Web Page dialog box appears.
4 If necessary, click the Save In drop-down arrow, and click Desktop.
5 In the File Name text box, type HTML Only.
6 Click the Save As Type drop-down arrow, click Web Page, HTML Only
(*.htm,*.html), and then click Save.
A progress bar shows the progress of the operation as the page’s elements
are saved. The document is saved on your desktop as an HTML file.

Save a Web page as a text file

To save the Microsoft Excel home page as a text file, do the following:.
1 Type microsoft.com/office/excel in the Address bar, and press Enter.
2 On the File menu, click Save As.
3 The Save Web Page dialog box appears.
4 If necessary, click the Save In drop-down arrow, and click Desktop.
5 In the File Name text box, type Text File.
6 Click the Save As Type drop-down arrow, click Text File (*.txt), and then
click Save.

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 A progress bar shows the progress of the operation as the page’s elements
are saved. The document is saved as a text file, without HTML formatting.
7 Click the Close button at the top-right corner of the Internet Explorer
window, and minimize any open windows to display your desktop.
You can click hyperlinks on Web pages saved as complete or archived to access
the linked Web pages on the Internet.

View saved Web pages

To view saved Web pages, do the following:.
1 Click the Start button.
2 Click the My Computer icon.
3 Double-click the Local Disk (C:) icon.
4 Double-click the Unlimited Potential folder on your hard disk.
5 Double-click the Computer Fundamentals Practice folder.
6 Double-click the Part VI folder, then the Lesson01 folder.
You should see the following files displayed in that folder:

7 Double-click the Complete Web Page icon.

A complete copy of the saved Web page appears in Internet Explorer with
all graphics and other components embedded in the Web page. The local
address is displayed in the Address bar.
8 Double-click the HTML Only icon
A modified version of the saved Web page appears in Internet Explorer.
The graphics are not displayed, because they are not saved within the file.
9 Double-click the Text File icon.
A text file is displayed without any formatting. The text file appears in
Notepad or another text editor instead of appearing in the Internet
Explorer window.
10 Click the Close button at the top-right corner of the text editor.

CREATE A FREE EMAIL ACCOUNT USING YAHOO!

1. Go to the YAHOO home page. (Place the cursor in the address
bar and type www.yahoo.com. Hit the Enter key or click on the

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Go button).

2. Click on the Mail icon.

3. On the right side of the screen, click on Sign Up (see below).

Don?t have a Yahoo! ID?

Signing up is easy. Sign Up

4. a. This will bring you to a form. Fill in the form. What you type
in the box called
?Yahoo ID? will be the address others will use to send email to
your Yahoo account.
(ex: YahooID@yahoo.com). You may use any combination of
letters, numbers, underscores ( _ ) and one dot (.).
b. The ?password? should be something you can easily
remember but it should be kept confidential so others cannot read
your mail.
c. Please Note: All boxes preceded by a star must be filled in.
d. You do not need to fill in the part called ?Customizing
Yahoo!?.

e. ?Verify your Registration? ? ?Enter the code shown?: Type the

letter/number combination in the box exactly as you see it. The
example below would be: ceF3FA

f. Read the "Terms of Service" agreement and, if you accept the

terms, click on the ?I Agree? button.

If your Yahoo ID has not already been taken, Congratulations,

you?re done! If someone has already chosen your ID, choose
another. Some common solutions are to add a number or an
underscore. Ex: ?johnsmith2005? or ?john_smith?.

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You can now tell your friends and acquaintances your email
address which will be (Your Yahoo ID goes here)@yahoo.com.

Using your new email account

Follow steps 1 and 2 from above. Enter your Yahoo ID and password in the
appropriate boxes.

Reading messages: Click on the Inbox folder icon on the left side of the
screen.

Your ?mail? will appear on the screen with unread ?letters? in bold type. Click
on the line under ?Subject? to open each piece of mail.

Sending messages:
Click on the ?Compose? button.

Type:
1.) The address of the person or business to whom you are sending mail in the
space marked "To".
2.) The subject of your email in the subject bar.
3.) Your letter in the large white space.

4) Attach file if needed.

5.) Click on the ?Send? button. Find this button at the top or the bottom of the
screen on the left hand side.

Important Note: When using the public computers in the library (or any
public internet terminal), don?t forget to ?Sign Out? at the top of the page.

Always remember to protect your privacy!

Web Search Engine

A web search engine is designed to search for information on the World Wide
Web and FTP servers. The search results are generally presented in a list of
results and are often called hits. The information may consist of web pages,
images, information and other types of files. Some search engines alsomine
data available in databases or open directories. Unlike web directories, which
are maintained by human editors, search engines operate algorithmically or are
a mixture of algorithmic and human input.

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How web search engines work

High-level architecture of a standard Web crawler

A search engine operates, in the following order

1. Web crawling
2. Indexing
3. Searching.
Web search engines work by storing information about many web pages, which
they retrieve from the html itself. These pages are retrieved by a Web
crawler (sometimes also known as a spider) — an automated Web browser
which follows every link on the site. Exclusions can be made by the use
of robots.txt. The contents of each page are then analyzed to determine how it
should be indexed (for example, words are extracted from the titles, headings, or
special fields called meta tags). Data about web pages are stored in an index
database for use in later queries. A query can be a single word. The purpose of
an index is to allow information to be found as quickly as possible. Some search
engines, such as Google, store all or part of the source page (referred to as
a cache) as well as information about the web pages, whereas others, such
as AltaVista, store every word of every page they find.

Major Search Engines and Directories

Google
http://www.google.com
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Yahoo
http://www.yahoo.com
Ask
http://www.ask.com
AllTheWeb.com
http://www.alltheweb.com
AOL Search
http://aolsearch.aol.com (internal)
http://search.aol.com/(external)
HotBot
http://www.hotbot.com
AltaVista
http://www.altavista.com
Gigablast
http://www.gigablast.com
Live Search
http://www.live.com/

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 SELF CHECK 2.5-1

TRUE OR FALSE: Write T if the statement is True and F if the statement is

False

____1. A browser is a program that displays files that are in the HTML
(Hypertext Markup Language) file format.
____2. A Web address is commonly referred to as a URL (which we
pronounce as “U-R-L” but you might also hear pronounced as
“earl.”)
____3. Web is an area or spot on a Web page that, when clicked, takes
you to another Web page or a different section of the current Web
page, as designated by the link.
____4. No matter where you find yourself, the Back button brings you
back to your home page, that is, the page Internet Explorer first
opens to.
____5. A web search engine is designed to search for information on
the World Wide Web and FTP servers

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 ANSWER KEY
1. T
2. T
3. F
4. F
5. T

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 TASK SHEET 2.5-1

Title: Using the Internet and the World Wide Web

Performance Objective: Given the necessary supplies and materials, you are
going to open internet browser, create e-mail account, search topic and send e-
mail.
Supplies/Materials : Personal computer with internet connection

Equipment :

Steps/Procedure:
1. Open Internet explorer or other web browser
2. Create E-mail account
3. Use any search engine and search the following topics and save in ms word application.
a. Different types of operating system
b. Mother Board
c. Memory
d. Central processing Unitc
e. Hard Disk
f. Different types of Storage Devices
g. Input Devices
h. Output Devices
i. Networking
j. Safety Practices ( Computer Hardware Servicing)
4. Send your saved file/s to alain_gallarde@yahoo.com

Assessment Method:

Performance Criteria Checklist

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 Performance Checklist 2.4-1

CRITERIA Yes NO

Did the trainee:

Started the computer properly

Opened web browser

Created e-mail account

Searched different all assigned topics

Saved the searched topic to MS Word

Send e-mail and attached file to the given e-mail address.

Closed the browser properly

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LEARNING OUTCOME
MAINTAIN COMPUTER EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS
#6

CONTENTS:
 Security measures
 Anti-virus software/programs
 File Management

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Procedures for ensuring security of data, including regular back-ups and virus checks
implemented in accordance with standard operating procedures
2. Basic file maintenance procedures implemented in line with standard operating procedures

CONDITION:
The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
 Equipment:
- 1 unit of computer
- voltage regulator/UPS
 Learning Materials:
- Learning manuals
- Work instruction
- Hand-outs
 Supplies/Materials:
- Operating system
- Application program

EVALUATION METHOD:
 Hands-on
 Direct observation
 Practical demonstration

LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

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 Learning Experiences

Learning Outcome 6
MAINTAIN COMPUTER EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS

Learning Activities Special Instructions

If you have some problem on the content of
1. Read Information Sheet the information sheets don’t hesitate to
2.6-1 Maintain Computer approach your facilitator.
System If you feel that you are now knowledgeable
on the content of the information sheets,
you can now answer Self Check provided in
the module.
2. Answer Self-Check for Compare your answer to the answer key
2.6-1 2.6-1. If you got 100% correct answer in this
self-check, you can now Perform task Sheet
2.6-1. If not review the information sheet
and go over the self-check again.
3. Perform Compare your work to the performance
checklist. If you got 100% correct answer in
Task Sheet 2.6-1: Computer this task, you can now take the competency
System Maintenance evaluation. If not review the information
sheet and go over the task again.

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 INFORMATION SHEET 2.6-1

MAINTAIN COMPUTER SYSTEM

Learning Objective:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to

Maintain Computer System

How to perform Disk Clean Up:

1. Start Menu>>Programs>>Accessories>>System Tools>>Disk Clean Up

2. Select Drive to Clean Up and click “OK”

3. Place Check Marks in Items to be removed Click “OK”

(If your not sure what you are deleting select the category and then Click “View
Files”)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How to Clear Internet “History”

1. Start Menu>>Settings>>Control Panel>>Dbl Click Internet Options

2. Click “Clear History”

3. Click “OK”

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How to Clear Internet “Temporary Internet” Files

1. Start Menu>>Settings>>Control Panel>>Dbl Click Internet Options

2. Click “Delete Files”

3. Put check mark in “Delete all Offline Content”

4. Click “OK”

5. Click “OK” again

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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How to Run Scan disk and Disk Defragmenter without interruption:

Start Menu>>Run >>In Run Type “MSCONFIG” then click “OK”

MSCONFIG will appear
Select “Selective Startup” then Uncheck
“Load Startup Group Items”
Click “OK”
Click Yes to Restart Computer
Upon Restart
Start Menu>>Settings>>Control Panel>>Dbl Click Display

Select the “Screen Saver” Tab

Change the Screen Saver Drop Menu to “NONE”

Click OK
Then Perform Scan Disk:
Start Menu>>Programs>>Accessories>>System Tools>>Scan Disk

After Scan Disk Perform Disk Defragmenter

Start Menu>>Programs>>Accessories>>System Tools>>Disk Defragmenter

Select which disk to Defragment then click “OK”

After Disk Defragmenter

Start Menu>>Run >>In Run Type “MSCONFIG” then click “OK”

MSCONFIG will appear>>select “Normal Start Up” and Click “OK”
Click Yes to Restart Computer

Upon Restart

Start Menu>>Settings>>Control Panel>>Dbl Click Display

Select the “Screen Saver” Tab>>Change the Screen Saver Drop Menu to your
preferred screen saver

Click OK

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 Removing viruses from infected machines

Computer Virus

 A virus is a destructive executable program that infects

the other programs in the system and spreads by
replicating itself.
 Such a program is designed to damage the victim’s
computer files.
 Viruses are coded by malicious programmers in a way
that they can spread in the system without one's permission and
knowledge.

Different Aspects of Computer Virus

Finder- searches for the new uninfected files and the
Replicator- actually targets these files and infects it by multiplying itself.

How do Virus Affects a System?

 It corrupts files
 It slows down the speed of the computer system
 It causes the system to hang frequently
 It deletes various files

Sources of Virus Infection

A virus can enter the system and infect it through various sources. Some of the
sources are

 Infected CDs, DVDs, pen drives, etc

 E-mail
 Browsing infected sites
 Downloading files from the internet

Steps to Remove Viruses

Removing viruses, though technical, is yet a very simple process if all the
required steps are properly followed.

The basic steps are:

 Buy or download an antivirus software

 Install the antivirus software
 Update antivirus software with the latest
virus definitions
 Do a complete system scan

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Methods of Eliminating Viruses

Removing the virus – When the virus can be easily identified and can be removed without
affecting other files, then the antivirus removes it from the host place.

Quarantine – This is done when the virus cannot be easily identified removed
from the file and the removal of virus means the removal of the complete file. In
this method, although the virus is not eliminated, it is rendered inactive by
moving the file into "quarantine" and renaming it.

Types of viruses and Examples

Boot viruses: These viruses infect floppy disk boot records or master boot
records in hard disks. They replace the boot record program (which is
responsible for loading the operating system in memory) copying it elsewhere on
the disk or overwriting it. Boot viruses load into memory if the computer tries to
read the disk while it is booting.

Examples: Form, Disk Killer, Michelangelo, and Stone virus

Program viruses: These infect executable program files, such as those with
extensions like .BIN, .COM, .EXE, .OVL, .DRV (driver) and .SYS (device driver).
These programs are loaded in memory during execution, taking the virus with
them. The virus becomes active in memory, making copies of itself and infecting
files on disk.

Examples: Sunday, Cascade

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Multipartite viruses: A hybrid of Boot and Program viruses. They infect program
files and when the infected program is executed, these viruses infect the boot
record.

Examples: Invader, Flip, and Tequila

Stealth viruses: These viruses use certain techniques to avoid detection. They
may either redirect the disk head to read another sector instead of the one in
which they reside or they may alter the reading of the infected file’s size shown
in the directory listing. size given in the directory.

Examples: Frodo, Joshi, Whale

Polymorphic viruses: A virus that can encrypt its code in different ways so that
it appears differently in each infection. These viruses are more difficult to detect.
Examples: Involuntary, Stimulate, Cascade, Phoenix, Evil, Proud, Virus 101

Macro Viruses: A macro virus is a new type of computer virus that infects the
macros within a document or template. When you open a word processing or
spreadsheet document, the macro virus is activated and it infects the Normal
template.
Examples: DMV, Nuclear, Word Concept.

Antivirus Software

Software designed to cure virus infected machines. An antivirus is a program

that searches for, identifies and removes potential viruses existing in the
computer system

Examples of Anti-virus software

 Symantec Norton antivirus

 AVG antivirus
 McAfee Scan
 Microsoft Antivirus

Back up your files

As our world becomes more digitized, the files we store on our computers are
becoming increasingly more important. Instead of keeping handwritten letters in
a shoebox, we correspond with family members using e-mail. If we use digital
cameras, we often keep our photo albums on our computers.

Unfortunately, computers (and particularly the hard disk drives that hold your
files) can fail. Your computer might run for a decade with no problems, or it
could fail tomorrow—there's no way to tell. To make sure you don't lose
important files if your computer stops working, you should back up your

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computer on a regular basis. The backup process copies your files to a safe
place so that even if your computer fails, you won't lose them.

Choose backup storage

It doesn't make sense to back up your files to the hard disk drive inside your
computer, because if your computer were to fail, you would also lose your
backup. Instead, you should back up your files to an external hard disk drive or
removable disk drive, such as a CD. If your computer does fail, you can then
connect the external hard disk drive or use the CDs to restore your files to your
new or repaired computer. (This article describes how to back up your files to
an external hard disk drive, which is the easiest way to do a full backup of all
your files. If you decide to use CDs, you'll need to choose which files to back up
and then manually insert and remove CDs as they are filled.)

If you decide to get an external hard disk drive, choose one that is at least as
large as the hard disk drive inside your computer. For example, if your
computer has a 100-gigabyte (GB) hard disk drive, choose a 100-GB or larger
external hard disk drive. Then connect the external hard disk drive to your
computer. Make a note of the drive letter (such as E:, F:, or G:) assigned to your new hard disk
drive.

With an external hard disk drive, you can manually back up your files, or you can schedule
automatic weekly backups.

Manually back up your files

To back up your files to an external hard disk drive

1 Click Start, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then click Backup. If the Backup
. option does not appear on the System Tools menu, you can install it.

2 The Backup or Restore Wizard appears. Click Next.

.

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3 On the Backup or Restore page, click Next.
.

4 On the What to Back Up page, click All information on this computer, and then click Next.
.

5 On the Backup Type, Destination, and Name page, click Choose a place to save your backup,
. and select your external hard disk drive. Then click Next.

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 6 On the Completing the Backup or Restore Wizard page, click Finish.
.

7 Windows Backup saves a copy of your files to your external hard disk drive. When the backup is
. complete, click Close.

If your computer stops responding, you will be able to restore your files to the
state they were in when you completed the backup. However, any new files you
have created and any changes you have made to existing files since the backup
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occurred will not be saved unless you back up your files again. For best results,
back up your files every week or immediately after creating important files, such
as after you copy pictures from your digital camera.

For an additional layer of protection, purchase a second external hard disk drive
and perform another backup of your hard disk drive. Store this external hard
disk drive in a different location, such as at a family member's house, to protect
your files from theft, fire, or natural disasters that might damage both your
computer and your backup.

Schedule backups

If you're busy, you might not have time to manually back up your files every
week. Fortunately, you can schedule backups to occur automatically. This takes
a few minutes to set up, but once you've done so, you'll be protected
indefinitely.

To schedule a weekly backup

1. Click Start, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then click Backup. If the
Backup option does not appear on the System Tools menu, you can install it.

2. The Backup or Restore Wizard appears. Click Next.

3. On the Backup or Restore page, click Next.

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4. On the What to Back Up page, click All information on this computer, and then click Next.

5. On the Backup Type, Destination, and Name page, click Choose a place to save your backup,
and select your external hard disk drive. Then click Next.

6. On the Completing the Backup or Restore Wizard page, click Advanced.

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7. On the Type of Backup page, click Next.

8. On the How to Back Up page, click Next.

9. On the Backup Options page, select Replace the existing backups. Then click Next.

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10 On the When to Back Up page, click Later. In the Job name box, type Backup. Then click Set
. Schedule.

11 On the Schedule tab in the Schedule Job dialog box, click the Schedule Task list, and then click
. Weekly.

12 In the Start time box, specify a time of day when your computer will not be used for several hours,
. such as 3:00 AM. In the Schedule Task Weekly area, select the day of the week you want to back

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 up your files. If you are backing up files overnight, remember to leave your computer running the
night before.

13 Click the Settings tab. Select the Wake the computer to run this task check box.
.

14 Click OK.
.

15 In the Set Account Information dialog box, type your password in both the Password and
. Confirm password fields. Then click OK.

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16 On the When to Back Up page, click Next.
.

17 In the Set Account Information dialog box, type your password in both the Password and
. Confirm password fields. Then click OK.

18 In the Account Information Warning dialog box, click OK.

.

19 On the Completing the Backup or Restore Wizard page, click Finish.

.

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Your computer will automatically back up your files to your external hard disk drive every week
at the time you specified.

How to change an installed program

Note You cannot use this feature to modify all programs.

You can use this feature to change the installation of Windows Installer-based programs such
as Microsoft Office XP. Windows Installer-based programs include a Maintenance Mode option.
With this option, you can add or remove features, change the installation state of the program
or of individual components, or repair and restore the installation.

To change a program, follow these steps:

1. Click Start, click Control Panel, and then double-click Add or Remove Programs.
2. In the Currently installed programs box, click the program that you want to remove,
and then click Change or Change/Remove.
3. Follow the instructions that appear on the screen to make the changes that you want.

How to remove an installed program

To remove a program that is installed on your computer, follow these steps:

1. Click Start, click Control Panel, and then double-click Add or Remove Programs.
2. In the Currently installed programs box, click the program that you want to remove,
and then click Remove.
3. If you are prompted to confirm the removal of the program, click Yes.

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Troubleshooting

 Make sure that the program that you click in the Add or Remove Programs tool is the
program that you want to remove from your computer. Some programs may not prompt
you to confirm the removal before the program is removed from the computer.
 You can only remove a program with the Add or Remove Programs tool if the program is
written for Windows. If you do not see the program that you want to remove in the
Currently installed programs box, view the program documentation for instructions
about how to remove it.

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 Self Check 2.6-1

Arrange the procedures to their proper order.

1. How to perform Disk Clean Up:

_____ Start Menu>>Programs>>Accessories>>System Tools>>Disk Clean Up

______ Place Check Marks in Items to be removed Click “OK”

______ Select Drive to Clean Up and click “OK”

2. How to Clear Internet “History”

______ Click “OK”

______ Click “Clear History”

______ Start Menu>>Settings>>Control Panel>>Dbl Click Internet Options

3. Perform Scan Disk:

_____ Scan Disk

_____ Start Menu

_____ Accessories

_____ Programs

_____ System Tools

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Answer Key

1. How to perform Disk Clean Up:

1. Start Menu>>Programs>>Accessories>>System Tools>>Disk Clean Up

2. Select Drive to Clean Up and click “OK”

3. Place Check Marks in Items to be removed Click “OK”

2. How to Clear Internet “History”

1. Start Menu>>Settings>>Control Panel>>Dbl Click Internet Options

2. Click “Clear History”

3. Click “OK”

3. Perform Scan Disk:

1. Start Menu
2. Programs
3. Accessories
4. System Tools
5. Scan Disk

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 Task Sheet 2.6-1

Title : Computer System Maintenance

Performance Objective : Given a working personal computer you are going external &
internal parts, install/Update anti-virus, scan computer for virus, remove
unwanted files, run disk defragmenter, scandisk, Back-up file using
windows utility, remove unnecessary software, Clear internet history &
temporary files.

Supplies, Tools & Equipment :

 Working PC
 Screw driver
 Anti-virus software
 Paint Brush
 Vacuum cleaner
 Printer

Steps/ Procedure:
1. Shut down computer
2. Be sure to unplug it from power source
3. Remove cables and other peripheral devices
4. Clean Inside and outside parts of the system
5. Connect cables and peripherals
6. Start the computer
7. Install/Update anti-virus program
8. Scan computer for viruses
9. Remove unnecessary programs
10. Clear Internet history and temporary files
11. Run disk cleanup
12. Run desk defragment tool
13. Perform scandisk
14. Let your trainer check your work.

Assessment Method:
Demonstration , Performance Criteria checklist

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Performance Criteria Checklist 2.6-1

CRITERIA Yes No
Did you…
Shut down computer
Unplug from power source
Removed cables and other peripheral device
Cleaned Inside and outside parts of the system
Re-connected cables and peripherals
Started the computer
Installed/Updated anti-virus program
Scanned computer for viruses
Removed unnecessary programs
Cleared Internet history and temporary files
Ran disk cleanup
Ran desk defragment tool
Performed scandisk
Followed safety procedures

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 ASSESSMENT PLAN

INSTITUTIONAL EVALUATION

TRAINEES NAME

FACILATATORS NAME

QUALIFICATION COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING NC II

PROJECT-BASED Operate Personal Computer

ASSESSMENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY Operating Personal Computer
COVERED

Demonstratio
Ways in which evidence will be collected:

Witten Test
[tick the column]

Interview
The evidence must show that the candidate……

n
x
X

 Selected appropriate hardware and software according to task x

X
assigned and required outcome
 Planned task to ensure that OH and S guidelines and procedures x
X
followed
 Followed Client-specific guidelines and procedures X x
 Applied required data security guidelines in accordance with existing
X
procedures
 Entered data into the computer using appropriate program/application x
X X
in accordance with company procedure
 Checked accuracy of information and information saved in accordance
x
with standard operating procedures
 Stored inputted data in storage media according to requirements X
 Performed work within ergonomic guidelines X
 Selected correct program/application based on job requirements X
 Accessed program/application containing the information required
X
according to company procedures
 Selected, opened and closed desktop icons correctly for navigation
X
purposes
 Carried out keyboard techniques in line with OHS requirements for safe X
use of keyboards
 Processed entered data using appropriate software commands X

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 Printed data as required using computer hardware/peripheral devices in X
accordance with standard operating procedures
 Transferred files and data between compatible systems using computer X
software, hardware/peripheral devices in accordance with standard
operating procedures
 Established information requirements for Internet search X
 Launched browser X
 Loaded search engine X

NOTE: *Critical aspects of competency

DEMONSTRATION CHECKLIST

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TRAINEE’S NAME
TRAINER’S NAME
QUALIFICATION COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING NC II
UNIT OF COMPETENCY COVERED PREPARE AND INTERPRET TECHNICAL
DRAWING
DATE OF EVALUATION
TIME OF EVALUATION
INSTRUCTIONS FOR DEMONSTRATION
Given the necessary materials, tools and equipment, the trainee must be able to perform the following within four (2)
hours
1. Search Occupational Health and Safety Procedure in the net.
2. Copy and save OHS procedure to MS Word.
3. Create a presentation on OHS Procedure.
4. Send you Document and presentation to alain_gallarde@yahoo.com.

Materials & Equipment Pencil, Bond paper, Eraser, Ruler, Triangle.

Observation: / to show if evidence is
demonstrated
Yes No N/A
 Determined requirements of tasks in accordance with the required output
 Selected appropriate hardware and software according to task assigned
and required outcome
 Planned task to ensure that OH and S guidelines and procedures followed
 Followed Client-specific guidelines and procedures
 Applied required data security guidelines in accordance with existing
procedures
 Entered data into the computer using appropriate program/application in
accordance with company procedure
 Checked accuracy of information and information saved in accordance
with standard operating procedures
 Stored inputted data in storage media according to requirements
 Performed work within ergonomic guidelines
 Selected correct program/application based on job requirements
 Accessed program/application containing the information required
according to company procedures
 Selected, opened and closed desktop icons correctly for navigation
purposes
 Carried out keyboard techniques in line with OHS requirements for safe
use of keyboards
 Processed entered data using appropriate software commands
 Printed data as required using computer hardware/peripheral devices in
accordance with standard operating procedures
 Transferred files and data between compatible systems using computer
software, hardware/peripheral devices in accordance with standard
operating procedures
 Established information requirements for Internet search

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  Launched browser
 Loaded search engine

INTERVIEW QUESTION CHECKLIST

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QUESTIONS Satisfactory response
YES NO
1. What is the difference between desktop and laptop computer.
2. What is system software?

3. What is an Operating system?

Feedback to the Candidate:

The trainee’s overall performance was:

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Trainee’s Signature Date

Facilitator signature Date

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Witten Test:

MULTIPLE CHOICE:

Direction: Select the best answer of the given choices.

1. These are almost extinct today.

a. Analog Computer
b. Hybrid Computer
c. Mainframe Computer
d. Microcomputer
2. Large organizations use mainframes for highly critical applications
such as bulk data processing and ERP.
a. Analog Computer
b. Hybrid Computer
c. Mainframe Computer
d. Microcomputer
3. These computers are a combination of both digital and analog
computers.
a. Analog Computer
b. Hybrid Computer
c. Mainframe Computer
d. Microcomputer
4. The highly calculation-intensive tasks can be effectively performed by
this kind of computer.
a. Analog Computer
b. Hybrid Computer
c. Mainframe Computer
d. Supercomputer
5. It is a handheld computer and popularly known as a palmtop.
a. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
b. Minicomputers
c. Supercomputers
d. Wearable Computers
6. They look like a floppy disk, but they are a little thicker. This disk also
comes in a variety of colors and holds about 200 MB of data.
a. CD
b. Zip Disk
c. Hard Disk
d. DVD
7. These discs hold the space of about 4.7 GB and are used to record
movies on.
a. DVD – R Disc
b. CD – R Disc
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 c. CD + RW Disc
d. Zip Disk
8. This is a disk drive in which a plastic or metal case surrounds the
hard drive. It can be inserted and removed just like a floppy disk. It
holds about 2 GB of data.
a. Internet Hard Drive
b. Flash Drive
c. Removable Hard Drive
d. Storage Tape
9. This is a rectangular shaped disk that is used mostly with digital
cameras and notebook computers. They hold approximately 128 MB as
well.
a. Miniature Mobile Storage Media
b. Memory Stick
c. Micro Drive
d. Smart Media Disc
10. This a storage device that comes in many colors and has a stick
shape to it. They are very small in size, but they can hold anywhere
between 256 MB and 16 GB of material on them.
a. Flash Drive
b. Memory Stick
c. Micro Drive
d. Smart Media Disc

COMPETENCY EVALUATION RESULT SUMMARY

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TRAINEES NAME
FACILITATORS NAME
QUALIFICATION COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING NC II
DATE OF EVALUATION
TIME OF EVALUATION
The Performance of the Trainee in the following assessment methods Satisfactory Not Satisfactory
[ Please Tick appropriate box]
A. Written Exam

B. Interview
Facilitator

C. Demonstration

Did the trainees overall performance meet the required

evidences/standards?
Recommendation

For re-evaluation ________________________________

Qualified to take the Next Competency

General comments [Strengths/Improvement Needed]

Trainee’s Signature Date:

Facilitator’s Signature: Date:

ANSWER KEY
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 1. A
2. C
3. B
4. D
5. A
6. B
7. A
8. C
9. B
10.A

INTERVIEW ANSWER KEY

1.
Desktops: A desktop is intended to be used on a single location. The spare
parts of a desktop computer are readily available at relative lower costs. Power
consumption is not as critical as that in laptops. Desktops are widely popular
for daily use in workplaces and households.

Laptops: Similar in operation to desktops, laptop computers are miniaturized

and optimized for mobile use. Laptops run on a single battery or an external
adapter that charges the computer batteries. They are enabled with an inbuilt
keyboard, touch pad acting as a mouse and a liquid crystal display. Its
portability and capacity to operate on battery power have served as a boon for
mobile users.

2.System Software: It helps in running the computer hardware and the

computer system. System software is a collection of operating systems; devise
drivers, servers, windowing systems and utilities. System software helps an
application programmer in abstracting away from hardware, memory and other
internal complexities of a computer.

3. An operating system (OS) is software, consisting of programs and data, that

runs on computers, manages computer hardware resources, and provides
common services for execution of various application software. The operating
system is the most important type of system software in a computer system.
Without an operating system, a user cannot run an application program on
their computer, unless the application program is self booting.

Computer Hardware Date Develop: Document No.:

Servicing NC II October 15, 2010
SICAT-TESDA
QA SYSTEM. Issued by: Page
Operating Personal Develop by:
124 of
Computer CHS INSTRUCTORS Revision No.:
153