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CSS Cascading Style Sheets

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16 views

CSS Cascading Style Sheets

Uploaded by

Nickola
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSS: Cascading Style Sheets

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a
document written in HTML or XML (including XML dialects such
as SVG, MathML or XHTML). CSS describes how elements should be rendered on screen, on
paper, in speech, or on other media.

CSS is among the core languages of the open web and is standardized. Previously, the
development of various parts of CSS specification was done synchronously, which allowed the
versioning of the latest recommendations. You might have heard about CSS1, CSS2.1, or even
CSS3. There will never be a CSS3 or a CSS4; rather, everything is now just "CSS" with
individual CSS modules having version numbers.

After CSS 2.1, the scope of the specification increased significantly and the progress on different
CSS modules started to differ so much, that it became more effective to develop and release
recommendations separately per module. Instead of versioning the CSS specification, W3C now
periodically takes a snapshot of the latest stable state of the CSS specification and individual
modules progress. CSS modules now have version numbers, or levels, such as CSS Color
Module Level 5.

Our CSS Learning Area features multiple modules that teach CSS from the ground up — no
previous knowledge required.

CSS first steps

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style and layout web pages — for example, to
alter the font, color, size, and spacing of your content, split it into multiple columns, or
add animations and other decorative features. This module provides a gentle beginning to
your path towards CSS mastery with the basics of how it works, what the syntax looks
like, and how you can start using it to add styling to HTML.

CSS building blocks

This module carries on where CSS first steps left off — now you've gained familiarity
with the language and its syntax, and got some basic experience with using it, it's time to
dive a bit deeper. This module looks at the cascade and inheritance, all the selector types
we have available, units, sizing, styling backgrounds and borders, debugging, and lots
more.

The aim here is to provide you with a toolkit for writing competent CSS and help you
understand all the essential theory, before moving on to more specific disciplines like text
styling and CSS layout.

CSS styling text


With the basics of the CSS language covered, the next CSS topic for you to concentrate
on is styling text — one of the most common things you'll do with CSS. Here we look at
text styling fundamentals, including setting font, boldness, italics, line and letter spacing,
drop shadows, and other text features. We round off the module by looking at applying
custom fonts to your page, and styling lists and links.

CSS layout

At this point we've already looked at CSS fundamentals, how to style text, and how to
style and manipulate the boxes that your content sits inside. Now it's time to look at how
to place your boxes in the right place in relation to the viewport, and to each other. We
have covered the necessary prerequisites so we can now dive deep into CSS layout,
looking at different display settings, modern layout tools like flexbox, CSS grid, and
positioning, and some of the legacy techniques you might still want to know about.

Use CSS to solve common problems

This module provides links to sections of content explaining how to use CSS to solve
common problems when creating a web page.

Reference
The CSS reference is an exhaustive reference for seasoned Web developers, describing every
property and concept of CSS, including:

 The syntax and forms of the language


 Specificity, inheritance, and the cascade
 CSS selectors, including pseudo-elements, nesting, scoping and shadow parts
 CSS at-rules, including media and container queries
 CSS units and values and functional notations
 Box model and margin collapse
 The containing block
 Stacking and block-formatting contexts
 Initial, computed, used, and actual values
 CSS shorthand properties
 CSS flexible box, multi-column and grid layout
 Animation, transitions, and transforms

Cookbook
The CSS layout cookbook aims to bring together recipes for common layout patterns, things you
might need to implement in your sites. In addition to providing code you can use as a starting
point in your projects, these recipes highlight the different ways layout specifications can be used
and the choices you can make as a developer.

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