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CSS Tutorial

This CSS tutorial provides comprehensive coverage of CSS, from basic concepts to advanced techniques like flexbox and animations, aimed at both beginners and experienced designers. It explains the purpose of CSS, its various versions, types, advantages, and components, along with practical examples and a structured learning path. Additionally, it outlines prerequisites for learning CSS and addresses frequently asked questions about the language.

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4 views

CSS Tutorial

This CSS tutorial provides comprehensive coverage of CSS, from basic concepts to advanced techniques like flexbox and animations, aimed at both beginners and experienced designers. It explains the purpose of CSS, its various versions, types, advantages, and components, along with practical examples and a structured learning path. Additionally, it outlines prerequisites for learning CSS and addresses frequently asked questions about the language.

Uploaded by

masophiaeugeniefmedina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

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CSS Tutorial
This CSS tutorial covers everything from basic styling concepts and selectors to
advanced techniques, such as flexbox, grid, animations, and CSS variables. This CSS
tutorial is designed to help both beginners and experienced designers to make them
masters in creating visually appealing, responsive, and modern web designs.

What is CSS
CSS is the acronym for "Cascading Style Sheet". It's a style sheet language used for
describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language like HTML. CSS
helps the web developers to control the layout and other visual aspects of the web
pages. CSS plays a crucial role in modern web development by providing the tools
necessary to create visually appealing, accessible, and responsive websites.

CSS Versions
Since the inception of CSS, several versions have came into existence. Some of the
notable versions include:

CSS1 (Cascading Style Sheets Level1) - The initial version of CSS, released in
December 1996. CSS1 provided basic styling capabilities for HTML documents,
including properties for text, colors, backgrounds, margins, and borders.

CSS2 (Cascading Style Sheets Level2) - Released in May 1998, CSS2


introduced new features such as positioning, z-index, media types, and more
advanced selectors like attribute selectors and child selectors.

CSS2.1 - The version 2.1, published as a W3C Recommendation in June 2011,


clarified and refined CSS2, addressing inconsistencies and ambiguities in the
specification. CSS2.1 focused on improving interoperability among web browsers.

CSS3 (Cascading Style Sheets Level 3) - CSS3 is a collection of modules that


extend the capabilities of CSS. It introduces numerous new features and
enhancements, including advanced selectors, multiple column layouts,
animations, transformations, gradients, shadows, and more.

CSS4 (Cascading Style Sheets Level 4) - CSS4 is an ongoing effort to extend


CSS3 with new features and enhancements.

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Each version of CSS builds upon the previous ones, adding new features and refining
existing capabilities to meet the evolving needs of web developers and designers. CSS is
referred as just CSS now, without a version number.

Types of CSS
Inline CSS: Inline CSS is applied directly to an HTML element using the style attribute.
It has the highest priority among the three methods.
Example

Open Compiler

<p style="color: blue; font-size: 16px;">


This line is an inline-styled paragraph.
</p>

Internal CSS: Internal CSS is defined within the <style> tag inside the <head> section
of an HTML document.
Example

Open Compiler

<head>
<style>
p { color: green; font-size: 18px; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>This line is styled using internal CSS.</p>
</body>

External CSS: External CSS is written in a separate .css file and linked to the HTML
document using the <link> tag. This is the recommended method for large projects as it
improves maintainability.
Example

<!-- HTML file -->


<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
</head>
<body>
<p>This line is styled using external CSS.</p>
</body>

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/* styles.css */
p { color: red; font-size: 20px; }

Advantages of Using CSS

Responsive design - CSS offers features like media queries that enable
developers to create responsive layouts that adapt to different screen sizes and
devices, ensuring a consistent user experience.

Flexibility and Control - CSS provides precise control over the presentation of
HTML elements, allowing developers to customize layout, typography, colors, and
other visual properties.
Consistency and Reusability - Developers can ensure consistency across the
entire website, by defining styles in a central CSS file. Styles can be reused
across multiple pages, reducing redundancy and making updates easier.

Search Engine Optimization (SEO) - CSS can be used to structure content in a


way that improves search engine visibility.

Ease of Maintenance - Centralized CSS files make it easier to maintain and


update styles across a website. Changes can be applied globally, ensuring
uniformity and reducing the risk of inconsistencies.
Faster Page Loading - External CSS files can be cached by browsers, resulting
in faster page loading times for subsequent visits to a website. This caching
mechanism reduces server load and bandwidth consumption.

Components of CSS
CSS works by associating rules with HTML elements. A CSS rule contains two main parts:

a selector which specifies the HTML element(s) to style.

a declaration block which contains one or more declarations separated by


semicolons.

Each declaration includes a property name and a value, specifying the aspect of the
element's presentation to control.

CSS Example
Just to give you a little excitement about CSS, here is a sample CSS snippet for your
reference.

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Open Compiler

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS Tutorial</title>
<style>
h1 {
color: #36CFFF;
}

p {
font-size: 1.5em;
color: white;
}

div {
border: 5px inset gold;
background-color: black;
width: 300px;
text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<h1>Hello World!</h1>
<p>This is a sample CSS code.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

In the above CSS snippet:

h1, p, and div are the selectors that target the <h1>, <p>, and <div>
elements.
color, font-size, border, background-color, width, and text-align are the
properties.

#36CFFF, 1.5em, white, 5px inset gold, black, 300px, and center are the
corresponding values passed to these properties.

For a quick glance of CSS properties and features, check our CSS Reference page.

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Getting Started with CSS


Below listed topics are most important to learn in CSS from basics to advance, after
completing these topics you will able to style your HTML document as you want. We
highly recommend you to do practice with CSS by modifying the provided code in this
tutorial.

CSS Basics

Understanding the basics is important whenever you are learning something new. So
before diving deep into CSS please know fundamentals of CSS.

CSS Introduction

CSS Syntax
CSS Selectors

CSS Inclusion
CSS Comments

CSS Properties

CSS properties and selectors are the main thing in CSS, without the properties there is
no ways to define the styling of any HTML element. So better to know most frequently
used properties in one go will help you to work with CSS.

CSS Background

CSS Border
CSS Display

CSS Float
CSS Font

CSS Line Height


CSS Margin

CSS Opacity
CSS Overflow

CSS Padding

CSS Position

CSS Align

CSS White Space

CSS Width

CSS Height

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CSS Outline

CSS Visibility

CSS Counter

You can get complete list of CSS Properties on the attached link.

CSS Advanced

After completing the above two section you can proceed with the advance part of this
tutorial, these topics will helps you to make an actual website layout.

CSS Animation
CSS Gradient

CSS Transition

CSS Tooltips

CSS Arrow

CSS Grid

CSS FlexBox

CSS Responsive Design

CSS @Media Query

CSS 2D Transforms

CSS 3D Transforms

CSS Pseudo Classes

CSS Practice
The following are some of the important links to practice CSS:

CSS Interview Questions

CSS Online Quiz

CSS Online Test

CSS Mock Test

CSS Cheatsheet

Prerequisites to Learn CSS


Before using CSS extensively, it is essential to have a baisc understanding of the
following prerequisites:

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HTML - A fundamental understanding of HTML markup is necessary. This includes


knowledge of HTML elements, attributes, tags, and their hierarchical structure.

Text Editors or Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) - In order to


write to write your CSS code, a text editor or an IDE is required. Popular choices
include Visual Studio Code, Sublime Text, Atom, or integrated editors within IDEs
like IntelliJ IDEA or Eclipse.

Browser Developer Tools - Familiarizing yourself with browser developer tools


can help you understand how styles are applied and troubleshoot layout issues.

Basic Environment Setup - Basic understanding of creating and managing files,


along with saving and organizing them on your computer.

If you are new to HTML and XHTML, then we would suggest you to go through our HTML
or XHTML Tutorial first.

Target Audience: Who Should Learn CSS?


This tutorial has been prepared for beginners and professionals to help them understand
the basics to advanced concepts of CSS. After completing this tutorial, you will find
yourself at a great level of expertise in CSS, from where you can take your web design
skills to the next level.

Frequently Asked Questions about CSS


There are some very Frequently Asked Questions(FAQ) about CSS, this section tries to
answer them briefly.

What is the Full form of CSS?

CSS stand for Cascading Style Sheet.

What is the purpose of CSS?

CSS are used to style or decorate the web pages, it will help you to create a beautiful
website. CSS specify how an HTML element should be displayed on the web page. If you
think of the human body as a web page then CSS is styling part of the body.

Is there any alternative of CSS?

Yes, there are CSS frameworks which can be used as an alternative of CSS. But you can
not replace the main CSS without having knowledge of basic CSS.

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What is the current version of CSS?

The current version of CSS is 3.0 but CSS 4.0 is an ongoing effort to extend CSS3 with
new features and enhancements.

Is there any disadvantage of CSS?

Yes, CSS can't provide maximum security, or you can say the purpose is not to provide
that kind of security for your website. Lots of browsers required different properties for
the same functionality(cross-browser issue).

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