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Data Structures and

Algorithms in C++
Second Edition

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Data Structures and

Algorithms in C++
Second Edition

Michael T. Goodrich
Department of Computer Science
University of California, Irvine

Roberto Tamassia
Department of Computer Science
Brown University

David M. Mount
Department of Computer Science
University of Maryland

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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ACQUISITIONS EDITOR Beth Lang Golub

MARKETING MANAGER Chris Ruel
EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Elizabeth Mills
MEDIA EDITOR Thomas Kulesa
SENIOR DESIGNER Jim O’Shea
CONTENT MANAGER Micheline Frederick
PRODUCTION EDITOR Amy Weintraub
PHOTO EDITOR Sheena Goldstein

This book was set in LATEX by the authors and printed and bound by Malloy Lithographers.
The cover was printed by Malloy Lithographers. The cover image is from Wuta Wuta Tjan-
gala, “Emu dreaming” c estate of the artist 2009 licensed by Aboriginal Artists Agency.
Jennifer Steele/Art Resource, NY.
This book is printed on acid free paper. ∞
Trademark Acknowledgments: Java is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. UNIX R is
a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, licensed through X/Open
Company, Ltd. PowerPoint R is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. All other product
names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners.
Copyright c 2011, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning
or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States
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Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Depart-
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To order books or for customer service please call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945).
Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has been a valued source of knowledge and
understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs
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responsibility to the communities we serve and where we live and work. In 2008, we
launched a Corporate Citizenship Initiative, a global effort to address the environmental,
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Printed in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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To Karen, Paul, Anna, and Jack

– Michael T. Goodrich

To Isabel
– Roberto Tamassia

To Jeanine
– David M. Mount

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Preface
This second edition of Data Structures and Algorithms in C++ is designed to pro-
vide an introduction to data structures and algorithms, including their design, analy-
sis, and implementation. In terms of curricula based on the IEEE/ACM 2001 Com-
puting Curriculum, this book is appropriate for use in the courses CS102 (I/O/B
versions), CS103 (I/O/B versions), CS111 (A version), and CS112 (A/I/O/F/H ver-
sions). We discuss its use for such courses in more detail later in this preface.
The major changes in the second edition are the following:
• We added more examples of data structure and algorithm analysis.
• We enhanced consistency with the C++ Standard Template Library (STL).
• We incorporated STL data structures into many of our data structures.
• We added a chapter on arrays, linked lists, and iterators (Chapter 3).
• We added a chapter on memory management and B-trees (Chapter 14).
• We enhanced the discussion of algorithmic design techniques, like dynamic
programming and the greedy method.
• We simplified and reorganized the presentation of code fragments.
• We have introduced STL-style iterators into our container classes, and have
presented C++ implementations for these iterators, even for complex struc-
tures such as hash tables and binary search trees.
• We have modified our priority-queue interface to use STL-style comparator
objects.
• We expanded and revised exercises, continuing our approach of dividing
them into reinforcement, creativity, and project exercises.

This book is related to the following books:

• M.T. Goodrich and R. Tamassia, Data Structures and Algorithms in Java,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This book has a similar overall structure to the
present book, but uses Java as the underlying language (with some modest,
but necessary pedagogical differences required by this approach).
• M.T. Goodrich and R. Tamassia, Algorithm Design: Foundations, Analysis,
and Internet Examples, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This is a textbook for a more
advanced algorithms and data structures course, such as CS210 (T/W/C/S
versions) in the IEEE/ACM 2001 curriculum.
While this book retains the same pedagogical approach and general structure
as Data Structures and Algorithms in Java, the code fragments have been com-
pletely redesigned. We have been careful to make full use of C++’s capabilities and
design code in a manner that is consistent with modern C++ usage. In particular,
whenever appropriate, we make extensive use of C++ elements that are not part of
Java, including the C++ Standard Template Library (STL), C++ memory allocation
vii

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viii Preface
and deallocation (and the associated issues of destructors), virtual functions, stream
input and output, operator overloading, and C++’s safe run-time casting.

Use as a Textbook
The design and analysis of efficient data structures has long been recognized as a
vital subject in computing, because the study of data structures is part of the core
of every collegiate computer science and computer engineering major program we
are familiar with. Typically, the introductory courses are presented as a two- or
three-course sequence. Elementary data structures are often briefly introduced in
the first programming course or in an introduction to computer science course and
this is followed by a more in-depth introduction to data structures in the courses that
follow after this. Furthermore, this course sequence is typically followed at a later
point in the curriculum by a more in-depth study of data structures and algorithms.
We feel that the central role of data structure design and analysis in the curriculum
is fully justified, given the importance of efficient data structures in most software
systems, including the Web, operating systems, databases, compilers, and scientific
simulation systems.
With the emergence of the object-oriented paradigm as the framework of choice
for building robust and reusable software, we have tried to take a consistent object-
oriented viewpoint throughout this text. One of the main ideas behind the object-
oriented approach is that data should be presented as being encapsulated with the
methods that access and modify them. That is, rather than simply viewing data
as a collection of bytes and addresses, we think of data objects as instances of an
abstract data type (ADT), which includes a repertoire of methods for performing
operations on data objects of this type. Likewise, object-oriented solutions are often
organized utilizing common design patterns, which facilitate software reuse and
robustness. Thus, we present each data structure using ADTs and their respective
implementations and we introduce important design patterns as a way to organize
those implementations into classes, methods, and objects.
For most of the ADTs presented in this book, we provide a description of the
public interface in C++. Also, concrete data structures realizing the ADTs are
discussed and we often give concrete C++ classes implementing these interfaces.
We also give C++ implementations of fundamental algorithms, such as sorting and
graph searching. Moreover, in addition to providing techniques for using data struc-
tures to implement ADTs, we also give sample applications of data structures, such
as HTML tag matching and a simple system to maintain a play list for a digital
audio system. Due to space limitations, however, we only show code fragments of
some of the implementations in this book and make additional source code avail-
able on the companion web site.

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Preface ix

Online Resources
This book is accompanied by an extensive set of online resources, which can be
found at the following web site:

www.wiley.com/college/goodrich
Included on this Web site is a collection of educational aids that augment the
topics of this book, for both students and instructors. Students are encouraged to
use this site along with the book, to help with exercises and increase understand-
ing of the subject. Instructors are likewise welcome to use the site to help plan,
organize, and present their course materials. Because of their added value, some of
these online resources are password protected.

For the Student

For all readers, and especially for students, we include the following resources:
• All the C++ source code presented in this book.
• PDF handouts of Powerpoint slides (four-per-page) provided to instructors.
• A database of hints to all exercises, indexed by problem number.
• An online study guide, which includes solutions to selected exercises.
The hints should be of considerable use to anyone needing a little help getting
started on certain exercises, and the solutions should help anyone wishing to see
completed exercises. Students who have purchased a new copy of this book will
get password access to the hints and other password-protected online resources at
no extra charge. Other readers can purchase password access for a nominal fee.

For the Instructor

For instructors using this book, we include the following additional teaching aids:
• Solutions to over 200 of the book’s exercises.
• A database of additional exercises, suitable for quizes and exams.
• Additional C++ source code.
• Slides in Powerpoint and PDF (one-per-page) format.
• Self-contained, special-topic supplements, including discussions on convex
hulls, range trees, and orthogonal segment intersection.
The slides are fully editable, so as to allow an instructor using this book full free-
dom in customizing his or her presentations. All the online resources are provided
at no extra charge to any instructor adopting this book for his or her course.

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x Preface

A Resource for Teaching Data Structures and Algorithms

This book contains many C++-code and pseudo-code fragments, and hundreds of
exercises, which are divided into roughly 40% reinforcement exercises, 40% cre-
ativity exercises, and 20% programming projects.
This book can be used for the CS2 course, as described in the 1978 ACM Com-
puter Science Curriculum, or in courses CS102 (I/O/B versions), CS103 (I/O/B ver-
sions), CS111 (A version), and/or CS112 (A/I/O/F/H versions), as described in the
IEEE/ACM 2001 Computing Curriculum, with instructional units as outlined in
Table 0.1.

Instructional Unit Relevant Material

PL1. Overview of Programming Languages Chapters 1 and 2
PL2. Virtual Machines Sections 14.1.1 and 14.1.2
PL3. Introduction to Language Translation Section 1.7
PL4. Declarations and Types Sections 1.1.2, 1.1.3, and 2.2.5
PL5. Abstraction Mechanisms Sections 2.2.5, 5.1–5.3, 6.1.1, 6.2.1, 6.3,
7.1, 7.3.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.5, 11.4, and 13.1.1
PL6. Object-Oriented Programming Chapters 1 and 2 and Sections 6.2.1,
7.3.7, 8.1.2, and 13.3.1
PF1. Fundamental Programming Constructs Chapters 1 and 2
PF2. Algorithms and Problem-Solving Sections 1.7 and 4.2
PF3. Fundamental Data Structures Sections 3.1, 3.2, 5.1–5.3, 6.1–6.3, 7.1,
7.3, 8.1, 8.3, 9.1–9.4, 10.1, and 13.1.1
PF4. Recursion Section 3.5
SE1. Software Design Chapter 2 and Sections 6.2.1, 7.3.7,
8.1.2, and 13.3.1
SE2. Using APIs Sections 2.2.5, 5.1–5.3, 6.1.1, 6.2.1, 6.3,
7.1, 7.3.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.5, 11.4, and 13.1.1
AL1. Basic Algorithmic Analysis Chapter 4
AL2. Algorithmic Strategies Sections 11.1.1, 11.5.1, 12.2, 12.3.1, and
12.4.2
AL3. Fundamental Computing Algorithms Sections 8.1.5, 8.2.2, 8.3.5, 9.2, and
9.3.1, and Chapters 11, 12, and 13
DS1. Functions, Relations, and Sets Sections 4.1, 8.1, and 11.4
DS3. Proof Techniques Sections 4.3, 6.1.3, 7.3.3, 8.3, 10.2–10.5,
11.2.1, 11.3.1, 11.4.3, 13.1.1, 13.3.1,
13.4, and 13.5
DS4. Basics of Counting Sections 2.2.3 and 11.1.5
DS5. Graphs and Trees Chapters 7, 8, 10, and 13
DS6. Discrete Probability Appendix A and Sections 9.2, 9.4.2,
11.2.1, and 11.5

Table 0.1: Material for units in the IEEE/ACM 2001 Computing Curriculum.

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Preface xi

Contents and Organization

The chapters for this course are organized to provide a pedagogical path that starts
with the basics of C++ programming and object-oriented design. We provide an
early discussion of concrete structures, like arrays and linked lists, in order to pro-
vide a concrete footing to build upon when constructing other data structures. We
then add foundational techniques like recursion and algorithm analysis, and, in the
main portion of the book, we present fundamental data structures and algorithms,
concluding with a discussion of memory management (that is, the architectural
underpinnings of data structures). Specifically, the chapters for this book are orga-
nized as follows:

1. A C++ Primer
2. Object-Oriented Design
3. Arrays, Linked Lists, and Recursion
4. Analysis Tools
5. Stacks, Queues, and Deques
6. List and Iterator ADTs
7. Trees
8. Heaps and Priority Queues
9. Hash Tables, Maps, and Skip Lists
10. Search Trees
11. Sorting, Sets, and Selection
12. Strings and Dynamic Programming
13. Graph Algorithms
14. Memory Management and B-Trees
A. Useful Mathematical Facts
A more detailed listing of the contents of this book can be found in the table of
contents.

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xii Preface

Prerequisites
We have written this book assuming that the reader comes to it with certain knowl-
edge. We assume that the reader is at least vaguely familiar with a high-level pro-
gramming language, such as C, C++, Python, or Java, and that he or she understands
the main constructs from such a high-level language, including:
• Variables and expressions.
• Functions (also known as methods or procedures).
• Decision structures (such as if-statements and switch-statements).
• Iteration structures (for-loops and while-loops).
For readers who are familiar with these concepts, but not with how they are ex-
pressed in C++, we provide a primer on the C++ language in Chapter 1. Still, this
book is primarily a data structures book, not a C++ book; hence, it does not provide
a comprehensive treatment of C++. Nevertheless, we do not assume that the reader
is necessarily familiar with object-oriented design or with linked structures, such
as linked lists, since these topics are covered in the core chapters of this book.
In terms of mathematical background, we assume the reader is somewhat famil-
iar with topics from high-school mathematics. Even so, in Chapter 4, we discuss
the seven most-important functions for algorithm analysis. In fact, sections that use
something other than one of these seven functions are considered optional, and are
indicated with a star (⋆). We give a summary of other useful mathematical facts,
including elementary probability, in Appendix A.

About the Authors

Professors Goodrich, Tamassia, and Mount are well-recognized researchers in al-
gorithms and data structures, having published many papers in this field, with ap-
plications to Internet computing, information visualization, computer security, and
geometric computing. They have served as principal investigators in several joint
projects sponsored by the National Science Foundation, the Army Research Of-
fice, the Office of Naval Research, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects
Agency. They are also active in educational technology research.
Michael Goodrich received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from Purdue Uni-
versity in 1987. He is currently a Chancellor’s Professor in the Department of Com-
puter Science at University of California, Irvine. Previously, he was a professor at
Johns Hopkins University. He is an editor for a number of journals in computer
science theory, computational geometry, and graph algorithms. He is an ACM Dis-
tinguished Scientist, a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science (AAAS), a Fulbright Scholar, and a Fellow of the IEEE. He is a recipient of
the IEEE Computer Society Technical Achievement Award, the ACM Recognition
of Service Award, and the Pond Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching.

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Preface xiii
Roberto Tamassia received his Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering
from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1988. He is the Plastech
Professor of Computer Science and the Chair of the Department of Computer Sci-
ence at Brown University. He is also the Director of Brown’s Center for Geometric
Computing. His research interests include information security, cryptography, anal-
ysis, design, and implementation of algorithms, graph drawing, and computational
geometry. He is an IEEE Fellow and a recipient of the Technical Achievement
Award from the IEEE Computer Society for pioneering the field of graph drawing.
He is an editor of several journals in geometric and graph algorithms. He previously
served on the editorial board of IEEE Transactions on Computers.
David Mount received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from Purdue University
in 1983. He is currently a professor in the Department of Computer Science at
the University of Maryland with a joint appointment in the University of Mary-
land’s Institute for Advanced Computer Studies. He is an associate editor for ACM
Transactions on Mathematical Software and the International Journal of Compu-
tational Geometry and Applications. He is the recipient of two ACM Recognition
of Service Awards.
In addition to their research accomplishments, the authors also have extensive
experience in the classroom. For example, Dr. Goodrich has taught data structures
and algorithms courses, including Data Structures as a freshman-sophomore level
course and Introduction to Algorithms as an upper-level course. He has earned sev-
eral teaching awards in this capacity. His teaching style is to involve the students in
lively interactive classroom sessions that bring out the intuition and insights behind
data structuring and algorithmic techniques. Dr. Tamassia has taught Data Struc-
tures and Algorithms as an introductory freshman-level course since 1988. One
thing that has set his teaching style apart is his effective use of interactive hyper-
media presentations integrated with the Web. Dr. Mount has taught both the Data
Structures and the Algorithms courses at the University of Maryland since 1985.
He has won a number of teaching awards from Purdue University, the University of
Maryland, and the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. His lecture
notes and homework exercises for the courses that he has taught are widely used as
supplementary learning material by students and instructors at other universities.

Acknowledgments
There are a number of individuals who have made contributions to this book.
We are grateful to all our research collaborators and teaching assistants, who
provided feedback on early drafts of chapters and have helped us in developing
exercises, software, and algorithm animation systems. There have been a number of
friends and colleagues whose comments have lead to improvements in the text. We
are particularly thankful to Michael Goldwasser for his many valuable suggestions.

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Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
 Chapter XXI
Lionel Holland was, of course, mistaken in accepting as genuine
my indifference as to whether the Gascoynes were civil to me or no.
Since they had asked me to their house it was necessary I should
become as intimate as possible, and Lionel could not know how I
had schemed and intrigued to make myself acceptable in their sight.
I had nibbled all round their circle, so to speak, unobtrusively
attempting to identify myself as much as possible with the people
they knew. This was a matter of no little difficulty. I was compelled
to make it known how near I stood to the succession. This gave me
a certain sort of position, and at least tolerance, as more or less one
of themselves by the exclusive set in which the Gascoynes moved.
They still, however, showed no sign of great friendliness. Of course,
the important person to conciliate was Lady Gascoyne. She did not
belong to the difficult set by birth, and was naturally nervous of
doing anything which might show her as a novice in the art of social
selection. Not that she was in any way a snob; indeed, far from it.
She evidently liked me. I was the sort of personality that the
heiress of enterprising American ancestors—the wrong word; her
forbears could hardly be described as ancestors—would like. I had,
however, so far not interested Lord Gascoyne, whose sympathies
were limited. He had asked me to the house in a purely formal way,
and as a member of the family who had a right to be so asked.
So far I had, as it were, been conducting reconnaissances round
the network of his character and temperament in order to discover
his vulnerable point. It was extremely difficult. He was one of those
self-contained Englishmen whose sense of duty comes somewhat as
a surprise in conjunction with an apparently unenthusiastic
temperament. The very person to be a royal substitute in a
dependency. Enthusiasm is the greatest curse that can befall a
reigning Sovereign, and a really sincere, enthusiastic monarch is
distrusted by no one so much as by his own subjects. In his
presence I at once suppressed the artistic side of my character, and
pretended to a reserve and coldness in no way natural to me. Such
topics as were discussed I treated with as much pure reason as was
consistent with a respect to aristocratic prejudices, an attitude
eminently conciliatory to the English noble, who is never so happy as
when he flatters himself that he is displaying liberal tendencies.
There did not, however, appear to be any likelihood of my being
asked to Hammerton, and even my confession that I had visited the
place as a tourist failed to elicit the desired invitation. He was,
because of his limitations, the most difficult person I had yet had to
deal with. At the same time, my being on visiting terms with Lord
and Lady Gascoyne, and admitted by them to be a relative, gave me
a social status which I had not before possessed.
It was highly necessary to be swift with his lordship. I must say
that I had less compunction about removing him than I had had
about any of the others. He was so entirely impersonal in his
relations with the outer world.
I think his wife was in love with him. He was the sort of man
women love desperately where they love at all; for the simple reason
that they are never permitted to become really familiar. They are
always in the presence of their reigning sovereign. A very
wholesome thing for most women, and especially corrective for an
American woman. It had been, I fancy, a great change for her,
inasmuch as before marriage she had ruled her father absolutely. It
was a little surprising that Lord Gascoyne should have condescended
to mingle his blood with what was, after all, quite a plebeian strain.
It was the more surprising as he was in no need of money, and I
discovered afterwards that at his request her enormous dowry was
settled absolutely on her children. I wondered very much if the
dowry would revert to the American relations should she die
childless; also if, in the case of Lord Hammerton outliving his
parents, but dying a minor, the money would pass to the Gascoyne
family. It would certainly be amusing were I to inherit the American
dollars.
 The great thing, however, was to secure an invitation to
Hammerton. If I could only render Lord Gascoyne some service, or
place him under an obligation to me in any way, it would probably
follow as a matter of course.
An idea struck me. There was the portrait of Lord George, the
one thing saved from the wreck of my uncle’s home. I knew that
Lord Gascoyne took the greatest pride and interest in the portrait
gallery at Hammerton, and that there was no portrait of Lord George
Gascoyne, my own immediate ancestor, among the family pictures.
Finally, seeing no way of approaching the matter as if by chance,
I wrote and offered him the portrait for the collection at Hammerton,
and he replied asking me to come and see him.
I went, and was shown into his private sanctum. He was,
considering his temperament, quite profuse in his thanks, but would
at first not hear of accepting the portrait as a gift.
“As you say, it is not by a great name,” he said; “but at the same
time it is a very good name, and is worth money, and more than
money, to me.”
I gave him to understand that if he declined it as a gift it would
hurt my feelings, as I should conclude that he did not care about
accepting anything at my hands. This I conveyed to him in as tactful
a way as possible. He saw, however, what I meant, and graciously
accepted the picture.
“You must come down and see it hung.”
He could not very well say less, but by the expression of his face
I wondered whether a vague suspicion of my motive had not, even
as he spoke, entered his mind.
However, the invitation was given, and I intended to avail myself
of it. I had no intention of allowing the matter to slip his memory.
“It must be a week-end,” I said smiling, “for, you know, I work
hard all the week.”
“Lady Gascoyne shall write and ask you. She is at Hammerton
herself at present.”
It was quite unnecessary for his lordship to inform me of Lady
Gascoyne’s whereabouts, for I followed the movements of his
household as closely as he did himself.
 At Christmas I paid a flying visit to the Gascoynes in the South of
France, and was welcomed with a curious quietness of passion by
Miss Gascoyne, and like a son by her aunt and uncle.
Miss Gascoyne always exalted me, mentally if not morally, and
even in the latter direction she led me out of the limitations I had
laid down for myself, and beyond which it would be dangerous for
me to venture. I am quite capable of great moral enthusiasm, and it
has always been my habit to keep out of the way of those likely to
infect me with strenuousness.
She talked of ideals quite simply and earnestly, and without the
least suggestion of cant, and I was obliged to find some aspirations
suitable to these occasions. Being a woman in love she was content
to warm her romance at a very small fire, and, further, to imagine it
a very big blaze.
I was terribly afraid of being found out by her in any way. I knew
that once we were married she would die rather than admit that she
had made a mistake. Her loyalty would amount to fanaticism, but
she was a woman who could take strong measures before the
irrevocable was accomplished. Her attitude has been that of a
medieval saint matched with a Cenci. She has held her peace, and
she has professed to believe what she knew to be false; whilst at the
same time she has suffered agonies of abasement.
Nearly all women, however, are deceived in love. It is their
pastime. Some never discover the fact, and dream their lives away
from their marriage-day to the grave. If Miss Gascoyne hardly
possessed the phlegmatic instinct which would enable her to join the
comfortable ranks of the latter, she was none the less dwelling in a
fool’s paradise during those winter days on the Riviera. Those who
considered her cold would have been astonished had they known all.
She was a concealed volcano.
I returned to town a little exhausted by the rarified atmosphere
of reverential romance in which I had been living, and looking
forward with a sense of relief to the decadent fascination of Sibella.
Miss Gascoyne with her Utopian dreams about the life of
usefulness we were to lead required the natural antidote, and,
strangely enough, the first whiff of the perfume Sibella used, wafted
to me across the room as she rose to greet me, banished all
sensation of ever having been bored by Edith, for I never admired
her so much as when I was in the company of Sibella. In the same
way I never longed for Sibella to such an extent as when I was with
Edith.
Amongst the letters which I found waiting when I reached my
rooms there was an invitation from Lady Gascoyne asking me to give
them the following Saturday to Monday at Hammerton.
From the tone of her letter it was obvious that she had been only
too anxious to second her husband’s invitation. To do her justice,
she had no class prejudices, and such exclusiveness as she displayed
arose from her desire that her husband should think her in every
way fitted to her position.
In my daily letter to Miss Gascoyne I mentioned casually that I
had been invited to Hammerton. I knew that there were few things
which would please her so much.
It was a bitterly cold evening in January when I reached
Hammerton station, and it was snowing fast when we drove across
the stone bridge which spanned the old moat and turned in at the
gates.
There was just time to dress for dinner, and, getting into my
evening clothes as quickly as possible, I descended and found that
the only member of the party who had made his appearance was a
young American millionaire who was being introduced to English
society. I thought him particularly stupid and offensive, and was glad
when Lord Gascoyne and the other guests quickly followed and we
went to dinner.
We dined in a long, narrow room with a vaulted ceiling and gray
antique stone walls covered with tapestry. The mixture of a feudal
past with modern luxury was exceedingly grateful to a fastidious
taste. The servants came and went through a low arched door,
which must have been built during the early days of the Norman
Conquest. The walls were covered with antique implements of
battle, whilst imposing suits of armour loomed out of the shadows,
their polished surfaces reflecting here and there the blaze from the
enormous log-fire in the vast chimney-place. The party consisted of
about half a dozen people besides myself. There was the young
millionaire I have already mentioned, and who, I believe, was
destined by Lady Gascoyne for Lady Enid Branksome, a pretty, fair-
haired girl, who was staying at Hammerton with her mother. It is
surprising, when one comes to think of it, how few young Americans
marry English noblewomen. It would be interesting to inquire
whether this reticence is caused by a disinclination to live in America
—where, of course, precedence and rank would have to be dropped
—or whether the American young man does not care to buy
anything in the shape of a title which is not hereditary. It would
certainly be incongruous for Lady Enid Branksome to degenerate
into plain Mrs. Puttock of Philadelphia. It would seem almost a
murder. The Branksomes, however, were poor, and Mr. Puttock was a
multi-millionaire. He was obviously much taken with Lady Enid, who,
on her side, was evidently torn by the convicting claims of love and
interest; for young Sir Cheveley Drummond was also of the party.
This had been a great tactical error on Lady Gascoyne’s part, for he
seemed to find greater favour in Lady Enid’s eyes than did the fat,
unhealthy cheeks and vacuous expression of Mr. Puttock of
Philadelphia. At the same time, a glance at Lady Branksome’s face
impressed one with the idea that the Lady Enid would most probably
be made to do what she was told.
I have nearly always found house parties somewhat dull, unless
there happened to be present a personality of new and surprising
interest, and personalities do not frequent country-houses. But for
the work I was engaged on I might have found the Saturday till
Monday at Hammerton as dull as anything of the kind. It was,
however, of absorbing interest to me to be in the house with two
people whom I had decided on removing. The position pleased me.
This absolutely modern company in a medieval castle, and with a
medieval criminal in their midst, was truly interesting. Lady
Branksome was evidently doubtful about me, but noting the Semitic
cast of my features, and hearing that I was on the Stock Exchange,
concluded that there could only be one reason for my being in such
company, and that must be enormous wealth. Having several other
daughters just ready to burst from the schoolroom into the ranks of
the marriageable, she was tentatively affable. She was the sort of
woman I always found it very easy to get on with; of the world,
cynical and good-natured, very strong-minded, and willing to live
and let live. She was at the same time most intolerant of people
making fools of themselves, and had no intention of allowing those
who were dependent on her to do so if she could help it. Providing
she was assured that I had no intentions, she would be perfectly
friendly, even when she discovered that I was comparatively poor.
Indeed, I gathered in the course of a conversation with her, that she
had quite a weakness for adventurous young men. Probably it was
because she understood them so well that she was such an expert in
keeping them at a distance. During dinner, however, and pending
inquiries which would no doubt be conducted when the ladies were
alone, she treated me as a person rich enough to be conciliated. A
very different woman was Lady Briardale. However rich a man might
be, he was nothing to her unless he could show a pedigree. She
evidently thought very little of Mr. Puttock, and less of Mr. Rank, who
looked a Jew. She probably regarded it as a slight that she should
have been asked to meet two such absolute nobodies. She had
never heard of anybody called Puttock, or Rank. They were not
names at all. They were merely ciphers by which the lower classes
were differentiated one from the other. She would probably have
thought it more convenient if the lower classes had been known by
numbers like cabs and convicts; and, after all, they were not so
interesting as convicts, and not so useful as cabs in her eyes. She
was evidently somewhat annoyed that I should talk so well, a fact
she might have forgiven if others had not paid me the compliment of
listening. Indeed, she became quite civil to Puttock, who, she
perhaps felt, showed himself conscious of his inferiority by holding
his tongue.
Sir Cheveley Drummond, whom I knew to be entertaining, but
who was quite taken up with Lady Enid, completed the party, which
did not promise much amusement.
After dinner we all sat in the picture-gallery. The last time I had
seen it was in company with the gang of excursionists, and I
laughingly recalled the fact to Lady Gascoyne when she was showing
me where the picture of Lord George had been hung. Lady Briardale
was apparently a little astonished when she heard that Lord George
was my ancestor, and that I had presented the picture to the
collection. Lady Branksome had evidently recalled my name.
“I have been wondering, Mr. Rank, where I have heard of you,
and I remember now that it was from my youngest boy. He met you
at supper one evening. I didn’t ask where,” she said parenthetically,
“but he talked of nobody else for days.”
I remembered young Gavan Branksome, a nice, fair-haired youth,
who had attracted my notice by being somewhat like Grahame
Hallward.
“I have not seen him since.”
“No; he is in India. Did you like India, Sir Cheveley?” she said
quickly, stopping the love-sick warrior as he was making his way
across the room to Lady Enid.
Poor Sir Cheveley was forced to pause, and whilst Lady
Branksome detained him, Mr. Puttock sank into the seat which Lady
Enid had left vacant for Sir Cheveley.
“Charming man, Sir Cheveley,” said Lady Branksome, with almost
a laugh when he finally moved away. “I’ve known him all his life, and
he was always attractive, even when he was sixteen.”
I am sure she was perfectly honest in saying that she liked Sir
Cheveley. She probably liked him as much as, in her heart, she
disliked Mr. Puttock.
Poor Sir Cheveley’s disappointment, however, did not prevent his
being excellent company in the smoking-room.
I sat up in my own room thinking matters over till a late hour.
Before I arrived at Hammerton I had had vague ideas of pushing
Lord Gascoyne down a disused well, or something of that kind, in
which an old feudal castle like Hammerton might be supposed to
abound. On consideration, however, I came to the conclusion that
Lord Gascoyne would be a very difficult person to push anywhere he
did not mean to go.
I was naturally afraid of poison in such a case. It would only be
possible to use it whilst I was in the house, and that was dangerous.
My growing proximity to the succession was bringing me nearer and
nearer to the perilous land of motive. Violence, unless I were given
an extraordinarily good opportunity, was out of the question. The
cigar would not do, either, for, strange to say, Lord Gascoyne hardly
smoked at all. Cigars and pipes he never attempted, and I noticed
that as a rule he merely lit a cigarette in order to keep his guests in
countenance.
I had heard of people being made away with when out shooting,
but in my case it would hardly be possible. In the first place, I did
not shoot, having always had a disinclination to the brutal killing of
animals for the sake of pleasure. There remained as far as I could
see only the ordinary means of poisoning, with all their attendant
dangers.
An instantaneous poison would be most convenient, as it was
highly unlikely that I should have sufficient access to Lord Gascoyne
to deal with him slowly.
I rose in the morning with one scheme after another chasing
itself through my brain. Dressing rapidly, I went for a walk before
breakfast round the ancient battlements. These were quite a mile in
circumference, and the climbing of worn steps, hazardous scalings of
the walls from whence to get a better view, and a careful
examination of the various architectural designs of which the
building was constructed, occupied me very pleasantly for a full hour,
and it was half-past nine, the time for breakfast, when I turned to
re-enter the castle. As I descended some steps which led down to
the quadrangle, I was astonished to come face to face with a girl of
about nineteen or twenty and a child. She was obviously a lady, but
she had not been at the dinner-table the evening before, or in the
picture-gallery afterwards. I concluded that she was the little boy’s
governess, but who the child might be I could not imagine. I
detected at once that the girl was beautiful, and when I say I
detected I use the word advisedly, because it was not a beauty
which would be immediately appreciated. The gray eyes, oval face,
threaded gold hair, straight nose, and delicately-cut mouth were
almost too frail to impress the casual observer. I saw at once,
however, that she was rarely perfect in such a type of beauty as I
always imagined Burns’ Mary must have possessed. She wore a
quaint hood, almost like a child’s, edged with some inexpensive gray
fur. The little boy looked at me shyly, and I held out my arms. A
smile broke over his face and he offered me his ball, inviting me to
play with him. In less than a minute we were all three laughing like
old friends.
After having made myself sufficiently agreeable, I escaped from
the child, who was clamouring to me to continue the game, and ran
down the steps. I found Lady Gascoyne in sole possession of the
breakfast-table. “I am afraid we are the only early risers, Mr. Rank,”
she said.
As a matter of fact, I rather fancied I had caught a glimpse of
Lady Enid going along the road towards Hammerton woods, and I
think I was fairly correct in guessing that she was not walking at
such a rapid pace for the pleasure of her own company. Indeed, I
would not have minded taking long odds that Sir Cheveley was not
very far away.
I, of course, said nothing of this to Lady Gascoyne, but
mentioned my meeting with the girl in the gray hood.
Lady Gascoyne smiled.
“Now, isn’t she pretty, Mr. Rank?”
“Almost beautiful,” I hazarded. It is dangerous to be enthusiastic
about another woman, even to the nicest of her sex.
“That shows your good taste. Some people cannot see it.”
“It is the sort of beauty which is very rare, and not exactly
showy.”
“She is to my mind wonderful. It does one good to look at her. I
expect you are wondering who the little boy is. It is a sad story. I
had a great school friend whose father was enormously rich. About a
year after her marriage he failed, and her husband’s fortune went in
the same crash. Her husband shot himself, and she died six months
later, leaving her little boy in my care. Oh!” she added quickly,
evidently afraid that my inward comment might be a disparagement
on her dead friend, “she did so at my express desire. We loved one
another so, that it was the most natural thing she could do.”
“He seems a dear little chap.”
 “He is a darling, and devoted to Hammerton already. Lord
Gascoyne is so good about it, and lets me have him here always.
Miss Lane is his governess.”
Sir Cheveley Drummond, looking a little conscious, came in at
this moment.
“How energetic everybody is this morning,” said Lady Gascoyne.
Mr. Puttock, who appeared on the scene almost as she spoke,
looked anything but energetic. He looked as effete as only a
decadent young American can look. Lady Enid, who followed,
managed to convey with great art the impression that she had just
left her room. Lady Briardale did not appear, but Lady Branksome,
unable to trust Lady Enid, arrived in good time, although she
confided to me later that she thought breakfasting in public a
barbarous practice.
After breakfast, the whole party, with the exception of Sir
Cheveley Drummond, went to church. Poor Sir Cheveley hardly saw
the point of going when he knew perfectly well that he would not be
permitted to share Lady Enid’s hymn-book.
I distinctly heard Lady Briardale say, as we were all waiting in the
hall:
“I should have thought, my dear, that he would have preferred a
synagogue.”
At church a thrill passed through me when I found that I was
seated next to Esther Lane. It was an infinite pleasure to me to be
sitting beside her through the long and stupid sermon. The yellow
winter sunlight fell across the recumbent effigies of dead and gone
Gascoynes, and made the painted window to the east a blaze of
colour.
Her presence and the surroundings filled me with a sense of
purity and peace, and I surrendered myself to the primitive
emotions. I suppose a less subtle soul would have been oppressed
with a sense of past sins, and would in such a building have been
filled with despair at the consciousness of irrevocable guilt. I
fortunately had schooled myself to control. The sensation of
goodness can, like other things, be acquired. When I had obtained
the prize for which I was striving I had not the least doubt that I
should find it easy to put away from me any unworthy feeling of
regret. Why should I not? The harm was after all very questionable.
It was not as if, so far, I had made widows and orphans. The amount
of suffering I had inflicted was limited, and at any rate I should not
leave poverty, the greatest of all ills, in my track. Indeed, under the
influence of that Sunday morning service I felt quite regenerated.
When we left the church Esther Lane and her pupil went through the
great gates of the castle into the woods beyond, and I would have
given worlds to follow her, but Lady Branksome told me that she
agreed with her son, and that I was decidedly amusing. She insisted
on my going for a walk with her. At the same time she took good
care to see that Mr. Puttock and Lady Enid were close behind.
In the afternoon I manœuvred a meeting with Esther Lane. I
surmised that she and her pupil would walk away from the castle,
and so I kept watch on the drawbridge. Everybody was more or less
occupied. I was aware that Lady Branksome had, before retiring for
her afternoon nap, left Mr. Puttock in possession of Lady Enid, who
had got rid of him with all the ease imaginable, and was now
walking with Sir Cheveley on the battlements.
Lord Gascoyne had pleaded letters, and I had arranged to fetch
him in an hour or so and go for a tramp.
As Esther Lane and her pupil crossed the drawbridge I was
leaning over the extreme end of the parapet in the most natural
manner in the world. I pretended not to notice them, and only
permitted myself to be aroused from a contemplation of the
beautiful scenery which lay below by the child flinging his arms with
a scream of delight round my legs.
She blushed as she apologised for her charge. She was evidently
a little nervous as to what her employers might think if they saw her
walking with one of their guests, and, after a short interchange of
commonplaces, tried to get rid of me. I refused to be shaken off,
and a couple of hundred yards took us out of sight of the castle.
We dropped at once into a style of conversation which was
almost intimate, and although I was with her barely three quarters
of an hour she confided a great deal in me.
 Not that there was much to confide. She was the daughter of a
solicitor who had left nothing but debts. Her mother was dead, and
she was absolutely alone in the world. Her only relations were some
very distant cousins who were so poor that it had been impossible
for them to help her in any way.
“I was very lucky,” she said, gratefully, “to get such a good
situation, and it came about in the quaintest way. Lady Gascoyne
had seen all sorts of people with diplomas and recommendations
which I had not got, and she saw me sitting in the waiting-room as
she passed out. I don’t think the agent quite liked her engaging me,
but Lady Gascoyne insisted that I was just the person she wanted,
and here I am.”
She smiled contentedly. She evidently considered herself an
extremely fortunate young woman.
She attracted me enormously without in any way usurping the
place of the two women who already counted for so much in my life.
All too soon I was obliged to leave her and hurry back to Lord
Gascoyne, whom I found waiting for me.
It was the first opportunity I had had of really impressing him,
and I did not waste my time. I took such an absorbing interest in
everything about me that I fancy he was surprised to find himself
talking so much and so intimately.
I was perfectly ready to enter into the subjects which interested
him most. He was evidently deeply imbued with a belief in the divine
right of aristocracy, and with no superficial sense of its
responsibilities. He was above all things a serious man, with little
sense of humour. I imagined that Lady Gascoyne must find him dull,
but his qualities were essentially those which command women’s
respect and hold them with a certain kind of fear.
As is the case with his class—a class which the popular organs
are fond of describing as irresponsible and brainless—his knowledge
and grasp of life were very extensive. His individual sympathies may
not have been very great, but he had a general sense of justice
which marked him out as an administrator, from many who were
perhaps much his intellectual superiors. What he knew was of use to
him.
 I was surprised at my own capacity for conciliating him. I
accompanied him with ease into the region of politics. He was
evidently impressed, and it was satisfactory to feel him gradually
treating me with less and less formality.
“Your race gave us one of our greatest statesmen,” he said, “for I
do not believe that anyone has understood real statesmanship better
than Disraeli.”
“Some people seem to think he was insincere,” I replied, “but I
don’t believe it. His cynicism was simply the complement of a mind
with a singularly large outlook.”
So subtle an appreciation impressed the man whose own nature
was all in a straight line. The curves of a less direct character
appealed to him as insight.
In listening to him, however, I could not help reflecting that his
kind, whatever the moralist may pretend, is far more vulgar than the
abnormal. The orchid is the most fascinating of flowers in all its
varieties, but it is rare; or do we only call that type normal which
prevails for the moment? Which is the more moral man—he who by
reason of a lack of imagination ranges himself as the mercenary of
tradition and convention, or he who rebels and finds himself
wounded and struck at wherever he turns? Not that I can claim to
be a martyr to moral restlessness, although at one time I sincerely
believe I had in me the makings of a reformer. Nevertheless, there is
always something a little vulgar about the man who ranges himself
definitely on one side.
We returned to the castle on very good terms indeed. The rest of
the party were at tea in the long picture-gallery. I like, even at this
unpleasant crisis, to linger over the memory of the picture-gallery at
Hammerton on that Sunday afternoon in midwinter. The long,
straight windows through which the frosty sunset flushed the gilded
frames and old tapestries, the firelight playing on the silver of the
tea-table drawn up before Lady Gascoyne—for there were no
servants to desecrate the most convivial of all meals—made up a
delightful picture, whilst the child Walter Chard, in his sailor clothes,
ran from one group to the other as happy and unconscious as if he
had a prescriptive right to the enchantment of the castle.
 I was delighted on our assembling for dinner to find that Esther
Lane was of the party. She was dressed simply in gray, with a couple
of blush roses at her bosom. Lady Enid was talking to her when I
came in.
It fell to my lot to take her in to dinner, and we thoroughly
enjoyed ourselves. She was quite unconscious amongst these great
folk, and unaffectedly joyous. I almost fancied that Lady Gascoyne
looked at me once or twice with the faintest sign of surprise. I
sincerely hoped she would not inform Miss Lane of the fact that I
was engaged, although it was more than probable. Esther Lane was
one of those women who are, to a certain extent, lacking in the
natural defences of their sex as a result of their own honesty and
simplicity. That she was prepared to be interested in me was
obvious, and I made the most of my time. After dinner she played to
us. It was not a brilliant performance, but she was accurate and had
feeling, and she touched the keys wooingly and caressingly, making
the piano sing, a gift rare even among some so-called finished
performers. If people cannot make instruments sing they had better
leave them alone. Afterwards I played and sang, and she declared
herself ashamed of her own performance. Music had the advantage
of giving us an excuse for remaining at the piano together, and later,
when everybody else settled down to cards some way off, we were
left trying over one song after the other. When I murmured that it
seemed as if we had known each other all our lives she blushed.
Later, in the smoking-room, Sir Cheveley said he was quite
astonished to find how pretty she was. It was a fact which he
declared had grown on him gradually.
The next morning I returned to town, but I had made such good
use of my time that I carried with me an invitation to return in a
fortnight, and it was Lord Gascoyne who brought it me from his wife.
He had made quite a friend of me. It was not probable that he
had ever had a friend with anything of the bizarre about him before.
 Chapter XXII
The time passed slowly, but in a fortnight I found myself again at
Hammerton sleeping beneath the same roof as Esther Lane. I met
her again on the terrace on Sunday morning, as I had expected. I
could quite follow the workings of her mind. Because she was
possessed of great self-respect, she had determined not to be on the
terrace that morning, but because she was very much in love she
was there after all. Before many moments had passed I saw that she
was aware of my engagement. There was a look of suffering in her
eyes as she turned them on me. She had the most wonderful way of
suddenly subjecting the person to whom she was speaking to their
full glance. If she could suffer because I was engaged to another
woman, she had enough sentimental interest in me to excuse my
going far. She was the character to appreciate the simulation of
agony born of a struggle between duty and affection, and I was
ready to ring up the curtain on the comedy. She was fully conscious
that I loved her. Yes, I loved her quite passionately, and yet it was
not altogether passion. It is one of the presumptuous platitudes of
conventional moralists to describe a man’s love when it ceases to be
concentrated on one individual as lust and base passion. Side by
side with this contention they will declare that the highest morality is
to love your neighbour as yourself, so little are they given to their
own boasted virtue of consistency.
I talked to her for some time about the most ordinary matters,
but I could see that she was trembling.
“I have thought of you a good deal,” I ventured.
She ignored the question, but without a show of indifference.
“I think Walter and I ought to go in.” She moved away a little
awkwardly.
 “I suppose I ought to go in too.” I went to breakfast, leaving the
impression I had intended.
In the afternoon I saw her again, and before I was quite aware
of it, I had told her I loved her beyond all women in the world, and
having done so was compelled to anticipate the scene which I had
been mentally preparing.
I assured her passionately that I was not the fickle person I
might seem to be, that directly I saw her I knew that I had made a
mistake, and that I could never be happy with anyone but her.
She was too much in love to do more than make a pretence of
forbidding me to speak on the subject.
She walked straight into the carefully-hidden trap, and found
herself being made love to without the question of my engagement
being discussed, and once she had thrown down the barriers of
reserve, with the enemy actually in her camp, it was impossible to
replace them. She accused herself vehemently, however, of being
unworthy of her trust. She would resign her position. She could
never, she asserted, remain, and be guilty of duplicity. I beat down
her poor little attempts at self-defence at once. If she threw up such
a position I should never forgive myself. I would go away and never
see her again. The threat appeared to terrify her. I persisted that the
view of such affairs taken by most people was entirely wrong. I
showed that, on the contrary, it was wrong to lie and say you do not
love a person when you do, that it was quite possible to talk of our
love, to cherish it, and to welcome its influences for good, without
allowing it to get the upper hand. All of which the poor fluttering
little morsel of sentiment drank in with greedy ears, because it was
just what she wanted to believe.
The child found us dull, and cried out that he wanted to play, so I
left her and returned to keep an appointment with Lord Gascoyne.
Esther Lane was included in the dinner-party that evening, and I
again took her in. The arrangement was not so pleasant as on the
previous occasion, for there was a distinct feeling of strain between
us. I surmounted it with ease; but she was without experience, and
she suffered. I could see that she had been crying.
 “You must not let yourself be wretched,” I said, as we stood a
little apart from the others waiting for the move towards the dining-
room. “It hurts me.”
“I had intended to remain in my room,” she murmured.
“Why?”
“I feel as if everyone must see that I am an impostor.”
I was about to reply lightly, but checked myself, remembering
that the heroine of the comedy was an ingénue.
“If you were not so good you would not have a sense of guilt
where there is no guilt.”
We went in to dinner.
I talked to her incessantly, and inasmuch as her happiness lay in
being with me, she was prepared to be charmed out of her misery
for however brief a period.
I was myself somewhat astonished at the hold I had secured
over her so soon. I suppose in her inmost heart she was dreaming
dreams in which all would come right. But even if I were safely
ensconced as Earl Gascoyne I could not have made such a sacrifice
as to marry her. Besides, in the sense of a mate, to take my name
and reign with me, I would not have changed Edith Gascoyne for
anyone in the world, not even for Sibella.
There is among modern English ballads one which has always
struck me as having a claim to live because of its simplicity and the
heart-throb in it. It is called ‘For ever and for ever.’ It possesses a
perfect blending of music and idea, unpretentious, but full of feeling.
As before, we spent the evening at the piano, and I sang this
song to her almost under my breath:

“I would, alas! it were not so

For ever and for ever.”

I could see that the tears were raining down her cheeks as she
listened. She held a fan so as to conceal her face from the others in
the room.
“We shall see each other again soon,” I murmured, as I said
good-night.
 Lord Gascoyne and I were the last to leave the smoking-room,
and he parted from me at the foot of the stairs that led to the
bachelors’ quarters. My bedroom was half-way down a long corridor,
at the end of which there was a solid door, which gave on to the
battlements. It was bolted inside, but not locked, and I had more
than once used it to take an evening stroll when the inhabitants of
Hammerton Castle were asleep. This evening I opened the door
noiselessly and walked out on to the walls. It was a clear starlight
night and bitterly cold. I did not mind this, for I had on a thick fur
coat. I strolled along, thinking deeply, when suddenly I was brought
to a standstill by a ray of light that fell right across my path.
I looked in the direction from whence it came, and was
astonished to see Esther Lane leaning out of a window a few feet
from me. The terrace at this point took an abrupt turn, and a
comparatively new part of the castle had been built out at a tangent.
She had not noticed my approach, for I wore house-shoes, which
made no noise.
She was looking at the stars as if their ceaseless splendour might
be symbolic of an inevitable dawn of happiness somewhere. They
could not have been completely reassuring, for she was weeping,
and as I stood and watched, a convulsive sob broke from her. The
picture of the forlorn little dependent, a frail white figure in the
patch of light, with the gloomy towers and battlements of
Hammerton looming round her, affected me strangely. I leant
forward over the low wall and murmured her name.
“Esther!”
She started and looked round, drawing back quickly as she saw
me clearly defined in the moonlight.
“You must not cry. It breaks my heart.”
At the moment I fully believed what I said.
Her eyes, full of tears, were turned upon me, and, with a strange
look of fear, which haunts me to this hour, she said:
“I thought I should never see you again.”
“You were going away?”
She saw that she had betrayed her intention, and tried to excuse
herself.
 “It will be better.”
“Why? If you go away I shall never come here again.”
I was upon the low wall, the ground full sixty feet below me.
“Oh, go back! you will fall.”
But I had my hand on her window-sill and one foot on a ledge a
short distance below it, whilst the other remained on the wall. She
was helpless; to have attempted to stay me would have been to
send me in all probability to certain death. She clasped her hands
and held her breath. The next moment I was in the room and by her
side.
“Don’t be afraid; only I must speak to you. We must understand
each other.”
“Oh, go away, please.”
She hid her face in her hands, utterly shamed by the presence of
a man in her room.
Poor Esther! I think she was happier. I verily believe that every
woman is happier for love fulfilled. I knew that once having chosen
her path she would follow it unflinchingly, and that she would be
true as steel. I had discerned from the first that she was capable of
martyrdom. From that day she never mentioned the word marriage.
She declared ever afterwards that it was her fault, that she should
have closed her window on me, that she had accepted the position
of mistress, and that she could not complain.
At the same time, however, it was no easy task to persuade her
to remain at Hammerton. She implored me to let her come away to
London. She vowed that she would not be an encumbrance, not
even an expense. She was sure that she could get work to do,
sufficient to keep herself; but I was firm. I had at one time some
idea of letting her live at Clapham in my deserted house, but I had
always had a superstition about allowing anyone else to live in it,
otherwise I should have sold it long before. Besides, I did not see
what excuse she was to give Lady Gascoyne for wishing to leave her,
and the latter had grown so fond of her that it was not likely she
would accept her resignation without a great deal of inquiry. Esther
declared that living a lie made her feel miserable, that she was
unworthy of her charge, and ought to resign it.
 Chapter XXIII
I had still made no plans as regards Lord Gascoyne and his heir. I
must confess that I had qualms about the child, which shows how
illogical and unreasoning sentiment is. It is surely a greater crime to
kill a grown individual who has a place in the practical work of the
world, and who would be missed by hundreds, than to remove an
infant whose loss could only affect his parents. It was not easy for
me to inflict pain on a child, as my fondness for children is
exceptional. The means would have to be sudden and violent, and
they were difficult to think of. It might have been made to appear
that his death had been caused through some apparent negligence
of the nurse, had not the latter been a careful old lady through
whose hands two former generations of the Hammertons had
passed. I had, unperceived, followed her in her walks with the
Gascoyne heir, and I was afraid it would be impossible to find her
careless.
I was prepared to make away with father or child first; whichever
event came most readily to hand would have to take place. A novice
might have been impatient, but experience had taught me that one
had only to watch and wait, and the opportunity would come at the
most unexpected moment.
It was nearly time for Miss Gascoyne and her uncle and aunt to
return to town. I was wondering whether they would be asked down
with me to Hammerton. It would be somewhat awkward, but I had
infinite belief in my own powers of dissimulation and tact.
In the meantime I concentrated my thoughts on little Lord
Hammerton. I had read of a child being smothered by a cat going to
sleep over its mouth. For a time the somewhat impracticable idea
possessed me of obtaining a gutta-percha baby, which I would fill
with hot water and arrange so that it could breathe mechanically,
and then train a cat to lie upon it. The weirdness and humour of the
idea commended itself to me. The far-fetched nature of the scheme,
however, became more apparent the more I considered it.
I thought I might become a proficient with the catapult, and aim
at the child unseen. In such a case the blame would probably fall on
a village boy. This, too, seemed rather far-fetched.
I had seen Hammerton’s nursery, or rather nurseries. Even a
child of his rank seldom has such a suite of apartments:—a night
and day nursery of lofty proportions, with rooms for the head-nurse
and her assistant opening off. It was the size and loftiness of the
rooms that were exceptional. Lady Gascoyne was a great enthusiast
on hygiene, and declared that fresh air was the best food a child
could have. In fact, I was not likely to be spared my unpleasant task
through any neglect of the little Viscount’s health.
My objection to inflicting pain upon a child gradually grew
weaker. Something had to be done.
I was seriously considering the matter when Providence put a
weapon into my hand.
I arrived one Saturday evening to find Lady Gascoyne somewhat
uneasy. Walter Chard was not well. Something quite trifling, no
doubt, but he was feverish.
I asked if I might go and see him, but Lady Gascoyne said that
she would rather I did not. It was always difficult to say how these
childish ailments would develop. It might be something infectious,
and she had Hammerton to think of. If anything happened to him
Lord Gascoyne would be broken-hearted.
“Miss Lane is with him,” went on Lady Gascoyne. “She absolutely
declines to allow anyone else to nurse him.”
I wondered whether Esther Lane had known that her undertaking
to nurse the child would prevent her from seeing me. For the
moment I was a little annoyed, as even the most supercilious man
will be when he imagines the woman he is thinking of very much at
the moment has found a duty which she places above her love.

‘I could not love thee, dear, so much,

Loved I not honour more,’
is very trash in the case of both sexes. People who say they cannot
love where they cannot respect are talking nonsense. Affection is
independent of and survives prejudice, which I should surmise is an
added terror in the lives of good people.
“You are not afraid of infection, are you?” asked Lady Gascoyne.
“Oh dear no, but what makes you think it is something
infectious?”
“I don’t know. I had a sort of instinct that it was so directly I
looked at Walter.”
I thought nothing more of Walter Chard during my visit except to
ask how he was.
“The doctor says he cannot decide for a few hours what is the
matter with him,” replied Lady Gascoyne.
On Monday morning, however, the Castle was thrown into a state
of the greatest consternation. The doctor pronounced him to be
suffering from scarlet fever, and Lord and Lady Gascoyne were filled
with alarm for the safety of their own child.
Walter Chard had been constantly with him, and any moment
little Lord Hammerton might develop the complaint.
The sick child was immediately secluded at the extreme end of
the castle, and a trained nurse was sent for. From the moment I
heard that it was scarlet fever my mind was at work. Supposing
Hammerton did not develop the complaint, would it be possible to
convey the infection to him?
If I could get near Walter Chard in the convalescent stage it
would be easy enough.
Of course, it did not follow that even if Lord Hammerton took the
infection he would die, but there was the chance that he might.
Lady Gascoyne talked of removing him from the castle at once,
but the doctor decided that it was not necessary.
“Our patient is too far away to do any mischief. He is for practical
purposes quite isolated, and if you disinfect the rooms he has been
living in you need not be in the least alarmed.”
On my return to town I waited a week, and then wrote to Lady
Gascoyne, saying that I hoped Lord Hammerton showed no signs of
having caught the infection. I displayed so exactly the right amount
of solicitude that on meeting Lord Gascoyne in town he greeted me,
for him, almost effusively.
“My wife was quite touched, Rank. Naturally, we were alarmed,
but I fancy it’s all right. The other little chap will soon be on the road
to recovery. Come down with me to-morrow if you are not afraid.”
It was exactly what I wanted. The chance might not again offer
itself to carry out my design. I met Lord Gascoyne at Waterloo, and
we travelled down together. It was the sort of travelling that suited
me to perfection; a saloon carriage had been reserved for us, and all
along the line we were treated like royalty.
I had been a little surprised that when he and Lady Gascoyne
attended anything in the shape of a function in the neighbourhood
of Hammerton they rode in a chariot with outriders. The effect was
singularly picturesque, and appealed to my Jewish love of colour. I
determined that if ever I succeeded I would retain the custom.
When we reached Hammerton we found Lady Gascoyne at the
station, quite radiant. Notwithstanding that the patient was at the
most infectious stage, there was very little danger, owing to the
complete way in which he had been isolated.
I was the only guest, and we retired early. I had, of course, seen
nothing of Esther Lane. As I walked on the terrace and smoked my
cigar I wondered if she were thinking of me. I paused at a spot
which was at the extreme end of one of the horns of a semicircle. At
the end opposite to me were the rooms in which she was nursing
her invalid. I stood looking at them thoughtfully. I was thinking of
what Lady Gascoyne had said as to the disease now being at its
most infectious stage. Contact, or the use of the same article, such
as a towel or a handkerchief, might convey the infection. I might be
doing something to advance my cause instead of idly puffing at my
cigar. The invalid’s rooms were several hundred feet away, and to
reach them I should have to scale a parapet some ten feet in height,
but it was no more than I could manage. I walked slowly round the
semicircle. The night was strangely mild, and it was not improbable
that the windows would be open.
I knew the apartments. They had once been occupied by a mad
Earl Gascoyne, and had in his day been securely barred.
 These bars had, however, long since been removed, and I
remembered thinking the rooms almost the pleasantest in the castle.
They were some distance from the rest of the living part. When I
reached the terrace I saw that there was a narrow stone staircase
which I had not before noticed. At the top of this was an iron gate
which would have to be climbed. Just then I heard steps on the
terrace above me, and I had hardly time to draw into the shadow of
a buttress when Esther Lane appeared, leaning over the low wall
above my head. I threw down my cigar and stamped on it, for it
might have been its scent borne on the night air which had attracted
her.
She looked about her for a few seconds and went back. I waited
for an hour or so until the lights were turned down for the night. I
wondered which of the two women was watching by the bedside of
the invalid.
After a time I ascended the staircase and surveyed the iron gate
at the top. It looked rickety, and it would be difficult to climb over it
without making a noise. If the trained nurse found me it would not
be easy to explain my presence.
I climbed over the gate and dropped on to the other side. In the
still night air it rattled horribly, but no one seemed to have heard. I
had on house-shoes, and stole cautiously forward. I knew that the
temporary hospital was a large room with three windows opening to
the ground. Danger being almost out of the question here, the
windows had been left partly open. I stole cautiously forward and
looked in. By the dim light I saw the sick child lying on a bed well
out in the middle of the room. On a long, low chair by the fire lay
Esther Lane, in a white dressing-gown. I thought she looked
exceedingly beautiful, if a little worn with watching. Crossing to the
window furthest from where she lay, and having quite assured
myself that she was asleep, I entered cautiously and looked round. I
went first to the door that I knew gave on to the corridor. Luckily,
the key was on the inside, and I locked it. There was another door
leading to an inner room, which made me a little anxious, as I
concluded that it was occupied by the nurse. It had no key, and I
quietly placed a chair in front of it. Noiselessly I stole towards the
bed. The child’s flushed face was resting on his hand, in which was
clasped a handkerchief. This was the very thing I wanted, and with
infinite care I managed to unclasp the little fingers and draw it forth
without waking him. Wrapping it in my own handkerchief, I thrust
them both into my pocket.
I had just finished and was turning away when I became aware
that Esther Lane’s eyes were slowly opening upon me.
Luckily she did not cry out, but rose quickly with a half-
smothered exclamation. As I went swiftly but silently to her I heard
the boy stir in the bed behind me, and we both stood waiting in
suspense to see if he would wake. Luckily he only murmured once or
twice, and sank to sleep again. I was near the light, however, and
ready to extinguish it at once should he show the least sign of
waking. When his regular breathing had reassured me I drew her on
to the terrace.
“I was obliged to come,” I murmured passionately. “I had to see
you.”
“You should not have done it,” she said helplessly.—“you should
not have done it.”
“I am very sorry.”
I took my cue and passed into the mood of the reckless, love-sick
youth. I knew that to feel a passion is the only way to be convincing.
“It is dangerous, and most dangerous now.” She began to weep;
she was evidently unstrung from watching. I drew her away into a
sheltered corner of the battlements, where the moon made it almost
as light as day.
I told her that I was only happy when I was with her, and that all
my days in London were given up to thinking of her. The poor child
believed me. It appeared that she had been attempting to make
some expiation for what she considered the betrayal of Lady
Gascoyne’s confidence by her devotion to Walter Chard during his
illness.
I held her in my arms, and we remained perfectly happy and in
silence for a long time. She certainly stirred my blood to an
extraordinary degree.
 She was terrified lest my visit should convey infection to the rest
of the household. I reassured her. At the same time, her having seen
me was very awkward. Hers was a character which, impelled by
conscience, might be capable of all sorts of extraordinary things,
great renunciations and burning sacrifices. I held out a vague
promise of taking her to London and allowing her to a certain extent
to share in my life. This filled her with a guilty delight, and she clung
to me with a sigh. Love in its fierce, personal aspect meant more to
her than to any woman I have ever met.
The poor little soul went back and procured some strong stuff
with which she instructed me to disinfect my clothing.
I returned to my room almost laughing with glee at having the
handkerchief from the sick boy’s bed with me.
When I reached my bedroom I packed the two handkerchiefs
carefully up in several layers of paper and then went to bed. Of
course, I had to reckon with the fact that I might take the infection,
but I will do myself the justice to say that at no time during my
career have I been much affected by a consideration for my own
safety. It has always appeared to me that an absolute disregard for
my life was the only method on which to proceed.
The next morning I excused myself from accompanying Lord and
Lady Gascoyne to church. Lady Gascoyne quite sympathised with
me.
“A gallop will do you much more good.”
I thanked her, but said I preferred a tramp.
As soon as they had walked over to the church I made my way to
Lord Hammerton’s nursery. I was no stranger to it, and was a
favourite with the nurses. The little viscount knew me quite well, and
crowed directly I appeared.
Old Mrs. Howick looked at me indulgently as I took the child in
my arms. After a time she went into the inner room, leaving me in
possession for a few minutes. I hastily took out of my pocket the
handkerchief, which was still wrapped in my own, and let it fall
across the child’s face. He clutched it with two little fat hands, and I
allowed him to play with it, and then thrust it in between his frock
and his chest and left it there. I had previously taken good care to
ascertain that it was unmarked, and was not likely to be recognised.
When the nurse came back I was still playing with the child, and
she took him from me and dressed him for his morning’s outing
without discovering the presence of the handkerchief.
I then went for a long tramp through the woods, laughing at
myself for what I could not help feeling to be a piece of absurdity.
On my return to the house I went again to the nursery. The little
viscount was asleep, and I managed to extract the handkerchief and
lay it where the air he was breathing must pass over it. Then I
removed it, and congratulated myself that I had left no foolish clue
whereby my action might be identified. Mrs. Howick was delighted at
my attentions, and told Lady Gascoyne that she never had seen his
lordship take to anyone as he had taken to me. Inwardly I hoped
that he might take to the infection with even greater ardour.
There was still the question of Esther Lane to be dealt with, if it
were possible to deal with it at all. If the child should fall ill she
would be sure to think of me and find out whether I had been to
visit him. As is always the case, my romantic susceptibilities had
landed me in a position of danger which all my other intrigues had
not done. If Esther Lane should tell the truth, my entire house of
cards would fall to the ground. The telling of the truth would involve
a general exposure. It would mean farewell to Miss Gascoyne, and
also the shutting of the gates of Hammerton Castle in my face,
which would be a far more fatal obstacle to my success.
I did not bless the day on which I had met Esther Lane, and
further cursed my own weakness. This is a habit of men when they
have obtained their desire.
I should have remembered the dictum of a celebrated
countryman of my own, which prophesies material doom for those
who are unable to control their affections. He should perhaps have
substituted another word for affections.
There were no measures for self-protection to be taken as far as
I could see. My strongest card was Esther’s love for me, and if that
were not strong enough to prevent her betraying me, nothing would.
I had wit enough to see that it was likely to prove a still stronger
weapon if I kept away from her.
I waited some days, and read one morning in a halfpenny paper
which deals in such tittle-tattle that Lord and Lady Gascoyne were in
the greatest anxiety about their only child, the heir to the title, who
was suffering from a severe attack of scarlet fever.
I had had several false alarms as to whether I myself had not
caught the infection, and having gone to bed one evening feeling
very seedy and convinced that I had, was not a little relieved on
waking the next morning to find myself perfectly well.
I wrote a note of sympathy to Lady Gascoyne, and the same day
received a wild letter of self-reproach from Esther Lane. She accused
herself of being a murderess, and of having betrayed Lady
Gascoyne’s confidence in the most despicable manner. There was
only one way out of her misery, she declared, and that was by
suicide. I hardly dared hope that she would take any step so drastic,
or so convenient. I was much reassured as to my own safety by her
imploring me not to write to her, as she did not know what might
happen, and if her correspondence were opened it might involve my
ruin, and she blamed nobody but herself.
The unexpected happened. Lord Hammerton died, and I was
now very near the succession indeed.
This was the time to strike. Whatever happened, Lord Gascoyne
must go, and as quickly as possible.
I was asked down to the funeral. Lady Gascoyne wrote me a
heart-broken letter, recalling the fondness of the dead child for me.
Mr. and Mrs. Gascoyne and Edith had returned to London the day
before the catastrophe.
“It seems, Israel,” said Mr. Gascoyne, “as if the direct line were
doomed to extinction. I sincerely pray that the title may never pass
to me. It would be really very inconvenient at my time of life and
with all my other interests. It is not likely, however, for my life is not
as good a one as most people imagine.”
I looked at him earnestly. This was the first I had heard of his
health being anything but exceedingly good.
He interpreted my glance in his own way.
 “Don’t be alarmed, Israel. Nothing immediate is likely to happen,
but my doctor tells me my heart is not the sound organ it ought to
be, and that I must be very careful.”
“You must leave as much of the work to me as possible, sir,” I
said feelingly.
“So I do, so I do, Israel; but you don’t want to turn me out
altogether, do you?”
I looked hurt.
“My dear boy,” he continued good-humouredly, “I should not
have ventured to take so long a holiday if I had not had you to
depend on. Let us go to lunch and talk things over.”
I found that talking things over meant that he was anxious to
make matters easier for my marriage, and, in fact, he made them so
easy that Miss Gascoyne and I were able to fix a date within two
months of their return.
Once we were married I did not mind so much what Edith
discovered. Nevertheless, I had to admit that if I was frightened of
anybody I was frightened of my future wife. I had imagined at one
time that it would be possible to live with her on quite a dignified,
unfamiliar footing, but I had now realised what I ought to have
guessed before, that Miss Gascoyne to the man she loved was very
different from the woman the world knew. Perhaps that is a wrong
way of putting it. She was English, and a certain self-consciousness
towards the world at large was born of a morbid dread of betraying
the strength of her nature to the vulgar.