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Embedded Linux Development
using Yocto Projects
Second Edition

Learn to leverage the power of Yocto Project to build efficient

Linux-based products

Otavio Salvador
Daiane Angolini

BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI
Embedded Linux Development using Yocto
Projects
Second Edition
Copyright © 2017 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the
publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the
information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without
warranty, either express or implied. Neither the authors, nor Packt Publishing, and its
dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused
directly or indirectly by this book.

Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the
companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals.
However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

First published: July 2014

Second edition: November 2017

Production reference: 1141117

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
Livery Place
35 Livery Street
Birmingham
B3 2PB, UK.

ISBN: 978-1-78847-046-9

www.packtpub.com
 Credits

Authors Copy Editors

Otavio Salvador Safis Editing
Daiane Angolini Juliana Nair

Reviewer Project Coordinator

Radek Dostal Judie Jose

Acquisition Editor Proofreader

Prateek Bharadwaj Safis Editing

Content Development Editor Indexer

Nikita Pawar Rekha Nair

Technical Editor Graphics

Manish D Shanbhag Tanya Dutta

Production Coordinator
Nilesh Mohite
 About the Authors
Otavio Salvador loves technology and started his free software activities in 1999. In 2002, he
founded O.S. Systems, a company focused on embedded system development services and
consultancy worldwide, creating and maintaining customized BSPs and helping companies
with their product development challenges. This resulted in him joining the
OpenEmbedded community in 2008, where he became an active contributor to the
OpenEmbedded project.

Daiane Angolini has been working with embedded Linux since 2008. She has been working
as an application engineer at NXP, acting on internal development, porting custom
applications from Android, and on-site customer support for i.MX architectures in areas
such as Linux kernel, u-boot, Android, Yocto Project, and user space applications. However,
it was on the Yocto Project that she found her place.
 About the Reviewer
Radek Dostal is a fan of Linux and has been using it for the last 15 years. During his
exchange studies in the US, he acquired a passion for embedded systems, and combining
Linux with embedded systems has been his bread and butter ever since. Yocto has had a
great impact on Radek's work: he managed to convince his team and managers to switch to
Yocto for an important project, which built a solid foundation for several successful follow-
up projects. Radek likes to contribute to open source projects as part of his work, as well as
during his free time. However, if the weather is good during the weekend, you are most
likely to find him in the mountains.
 www.PacktPub.com
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 Table of Contents
Preface 1
Chapter 1: Meeting the Yocto Project 6
What is the Yocto Project? 6
Delineating the Yocto Project 7
Understanding Poky 8
Using BitBake 8
OpenEmbedded-Core 9
Metadata 9
The alliance of the OpenEmbedded Project and the Yocto Project 9
Summary 10
Chapter 2: Baking Our Poky-Based System 11
Configuring a host system 11
Installing Poky on Debian 12
Installing Poky on Fedora 12
Downloading the Poky source code 13
Preparing the build environment 14
Knowing the local.conf file 14
Building a target image 15
Running images in QEMU 16
Summary 18
Chapter 3: Using Toaster to Bake an Image 19
What is Toaster? 19
Installing Toaster 20
Starting Toaster 20
Building an image to QEMU 21
Summary 27
Chapter 4: Grasping the BitBake Tool 28
Understanding the BitBake tool 28
Exploring metadata 29
Parsing metadata 30
Dependencies 31
Preferring and providing recipes 32
Fetching the source code 33
Table of Contents

Remote file downloads 33

Git repositories 34
Optimizing the source code download 35
Disabling network access 37
Understanding BitBake's tasks 37
Extending tasks 39
Generating a root filesystem image 39
Summary 41
Chapter 5: Detailing the Temporary Build Directory 42
Detailing the build directory 42
Constructing the build directory 43
Exploring the temporary build directory 44
Understanding the work directory 45
Understanding the sysroot directories 47
Summary 49
Chapter 6: Assimilating Packaging Support 50
Using supported package formats 50
List of supported package formats 50
Choosing a package format 51
Running code during package installation 52
Understanding shared state cache 54
Explaining package versioning 55
Specifying runtime package dependencies 55
Package feeds 56
Using package feeds 58
Summary 60
Chapter 7: Diving into BitBake Metadata 61
Using metadata 61
Working with metadata 62
The basic variable setting 62
Variable expansion 62
Setting a default value using ?= 63
Setting a default value using ??= 63
Immediate variable expansion 64
Appending and prepending 64
Override syntax operators 65
Conditional metadata set 65
Conditional appending 66

[ ii ]
Table of Contents

File inclusion 66
Python variable expansion 67
Defining executable metadata 67
Defining Python functions in the global namespace 68
The inheritance system 68
Summary 69
Chapter 8: Developing with the Yocto Project 70
Deciphering the software development kit 70
Working with the Poky SDK 71
Using an image-based SDK 71
Generic SDK – meta-toolchain 73
Using an SDK 73
Developing applications on the target 74
Integrating with Eclipse 75
Summary 76
Chapter 9: Debugging with the Yocto Project 77
Differentiating metadata and application debugging 77
Tracking image, package, and SDK contents 78
Debugging packaging 79
Logging information during task execution 80
Utilizing a development shell 81
Using the GNU Project Debugger for debugging 83
Summary 84
Chapter 10: Exploring External Layers 85
Powering flexibility with layers 85
Detailing the layer's source code 88
Adding meta layers 90
The Yocto Project layer ecosystem 91
Summary 92
Chapter 11: Creating Custom Layers 93
Making a new layer 93
Adding metadata to the layer 95
Creating an image 96
Adding a package recipe 98
Automatically creating a base package recipe using recipetool 99
Adding support to a new machine definition 102
Wrapping an image for your machine 103

[ iii ]
Table of Contents

Using a custom distribution 105

MACHINE_FEATURES versus DISTRO_FEATURES 107
Understanding the variables scope 108
Summary 108
Chapter 12: Customizing Existing Recipes 109
Common use cases 109
Adding extra options to recipes based on Autoconf 110
Applying a patch 110
Adding extra files to the existing packages 111
Understanding file searching paths 111
Changing recipe feature configuration 112
Customizing BusyBox 113
Customizing the linux-yocto framework 113
Summary 115
Chapter 13: Achieving GPL Compliance 116
Understanding copyleft 116
Copyleft compliance versus proprietary code 117
Some guidelines for license compliance 117
Managing software licensing with Poky 117
Commercial licenses 118
Using Poky to achieve copyleft compliance 119
License auditing 119
Providing the source code 120
Providing compilation scripts and source code modifications 121
Providing license text 122
Summary 122
Chapter 14: Booting Our Custom Embedded Linux 123
Exploring the boards 124
Discovering the right BSP layer 125
Baking for the hardware 125
Baking for BeagleBone Black 127
Baking for Raspberry Pi 3 128
Baking for the Wandboard 129
Booting our baked image 130
Booting BeagleBone Black from the SD card 131
Booting Raspberry Pi 3 from the SD card 131
Booting Wandboard from the SD card 131
Next steps 132

[ iv ]
Table of Contents

Summary 133
Index 134

[v]
 Preface
In the current technology trend, Linux is the next big thing. Linux has consistently released
cutting-edge open source products, and Embedded Systems have been wrought in the
technological portfolio of mankind.

The Yocto Project is in an optimal position to be the choice for your projects, and it provides
a rich set of tools to help you use most of your energy and resources in your product
development, instead of reinventing the wheel.

The usual tasks and requirements of Embedded Linux-based products and development
teams were the guideline for this book’s conception. Being written by active community
members, with a practical and straightforward approach, it is a stepping stone for both your
learning curve and the product’s project.

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Meeting the Yocto Project, presents the first concepts and premises to introduce
parts of the Yocto Project and their main tools.

Chapter 2, Baking Our Poky-Based System, introduces the environment needed for the first
build.

Chapter 3, Using Toaster to Bake an Image, shows the user-friendly web interface that can be
used as a wrapper for configuration and as a build tool.

Chapter 4, Grasping the BitBake Tool, presents the BitBake tool and how it manages the tasks
and its dependencies.

Chapter 5, Detailing the Temporary Build Directory, details the temporary output folder of a
build.

Chapter 6, Assimilating Packaging Support, explains the packaging mechanism used as base
to create and manage all the binary packages.

Chapter 7, Diving into BitBake Metadata, details the BitBake metadata language which will
be used for all the other chapters.

Chapter 8, Developing with the Yocto Project, demonstrates the workflow needed to obtain a
development environment.
Preface

Chapter 9, Debugging with the Yocto Project, shows how to use Poky to generate a debug
environment and how to use it.

Chapter 10, Exploring External Layers, explores one of the most important concepts of the
Yocto Project—the flexibility of using external layers.

Chapter 11, Creating Custom Layers, practices the steps on layers creation.

Chapter 12, Customizing Existing Recipes, presents examples on how to customize the
existing recipes.

Chapter 13, Achieving GPL Compliance, summarizes the tasks and concepts involved for a
copyleft compliance product.

Chapter 14, Booting Our Custom Embedded Linux, uses real hardware machines together
with the Yocto Project’s tools.

What you need for this book

To understand this book better, it is important that you have some previous background
about some topics which are not covered or are just briefly mentioned along the text, such
as Git and Linux Kernel general knowledge, and basic compilation process.

In order to understand the big picture of the Yocto Project before going to the technical
concepts detailed in this book, we recommend the open sourced booklet, Heading for the
Yocto Project, found under the Git repository at https://git.io/vFUiI; the content of this
booklet is intended to help newcomers to gain a better understanding of the goals of the
Yocto Project and its potential uses, and it intends to provide an overview of the project,
before diving into the technical details on how things can be done.

A basic understanding of the use of the GNU/Linux environment and Embedded Linux is
required as well as that of the general concepts used in development such as compilation,
debugging, deployment, and installation. Some experience with Shell Script and Python is a
bonus, because these programming languages are core technologies used extensively by the
Yocto Project’s tools.

You shouldn’t take any missing concepts—of those we enumerated above—as a deterrent,
but as something you can learn and at the same time, practice its use, with this book.
However, if you prefer to learn more about those topics, we recommend the book Mastering
Embedded Linux Programming, ISBN: 9781787283282, by Chris Simmonds.

Any concept enumerated above, should not discourage you from reading this book because
these can be learned concurrently.

[2]
Discovering Diverse Content Through
Random Scribd Documents
Act, and accomplish the requisite changes, consistently with the
public sense of fitness and propriety.
This Association, therefore, brings before the country an
efficacious means of obviating, for the future, the necessity or any
approach to the evils of the old system, in accordance with the
general feeling and opinion on the subject, and in strict and active
furtherance of the law as it now stands.
The considerations which the Association desire to lay before the
public arrange themselves under the following general heads:—
The well-known and acknowledged difficulty and danger of the old
process, and the dangerous exposure and risk to property, in
large masses, from the imperfect performance of former
methods.
The harsh, not to say hard and cruel, treatment of the infant
sweeper, from a necessity (in a certain degree, perhaps)
inseparable from the nature of the old process, and the effects
of prescriptive custom, as exercised by unenlightened masters.
The unerring and perfect performance of the Association’s new
Machinery, coupled with its simplicity of construction, its great
effective power, and its ease of management.
The great importance of its certain effect in the immediate extinction
of accidental fire in chimneys.
The great practical economy effected to the public through the
perfect operation of the Machines, and the consequent
incalculable increase of convenience in the domestic
arrangements,—as all the chimneys of a house can be perfectly
swept at one visit, in much less time than is now required; with a
guaranteed security, for the due performance of the specific duty
undertaken, and against injury or loss from carelessness,
mismanagement, or depredation.
The Association has also in view the very important objects of
affording complete relief to the entire class of sweeping adults
and children, by elevating them from their present degraded and
 enslaved condition to the rank of well-ordered, decently-
appointed, and justly-paid workmen.
The date of each application for sweeping chimneys in a house, and
of the execution of the order, with the names of the workmen
employed, will be entered in the books of the Association, at
their principal office, 34, Foley-place: thus affording satisfactory
proof, in cases of fire, of the chimneys having been properly
swept, where the cause of fire may be the subject of legal
controversy; and preventing any disposition on the part of the
labourer to commit petty offences, from the absolute certainty of
immediate detection.
The PATENT RAMONEUR ASSOCIATION, to carry out these
great objects, have appointed respectable persons as Agents to
receive orders; and will employ workmen of known good character,
provided with suitable dresses to carry on the operation; giving them
thus a cleaner and more decent appearance, when not absolutely
employed at work, than is at present witnessed; and who, in lieu of
the scanty and precarious pittance hitherto allowed them, will receive
wages of sufficient amount to afford them the comforts and secure to
them the self-respect enjoyed by other mechanical labourers.
The Association beg to inform the Nobility, Gentry, and Public,
that, under these arrangements, on application being made at the
Central Office, a workman and assistant will attend with the Machine,
and, if necessary at the first trial, the Superintendent will himself be
present at the operation. The usual rate charged for each chimney,
under the old system of Machinery, will not be exceeded; and should
it be desired, houses may be contracted for by the year, on the same
terms as heretofore; no extra charge being made for machinery, or
for the greater convenience, cleanliness, and security of property,
afforded by the arrangements of the Association.
W. S. TROTTER, Secretary.
Superintendent, Mr. W. Speller, 30, Berkeley-street West, Edgware-
road.
 ⁂ In connexion with this establishment, the Association has
introduced a Patent Chimney-pot, which effectually cures the
downward draught, and supersedes the use of “cowls,” which cannot
escape fracture by the Machinery employed in sweeping the
chimneys.

COMMERCIAL AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE, ANNUITY,

ENDOWMENT, AND LOAN ASSOCIATION.
112, Cheapside, London.
Capital 500,000l. in shares of 50l. each. Deposit 2l. per share.
DIRECTORS.

Henry George Ward, Esq., M.P., Chairman.

John Aylwin, Esq., Dulwich.
Robert Bastow, Esq., 20, Surrey-place, Old Kent-road.
William Bastow, Esq., 20, Surrey-place, Old Kent-road.
Henry Cornfoot, Esq., Old Palace, Richmond.
 Adam Duff, Esq., Morden-hill, Blackheath.
Henry Hind Edwards, Esq., Park Village East, Regent’s-park.
Edward Evans, Esq., 2, Stones’-end, Borough.
Robert Meggay, Esq., 38, Great Tower-street.
Richard Pope, Esq., 11, North Terrace, Camberwell.
John Richards, Esq., 17, New Bridge-street, Blackfriars, and
Reading.
Thomas Bush Saunders, Esq., 19, Lincoln’s-inn-fields.

Rates of premium calculated on as low a rate as is consistent with

the safety of the assured and the stability of the Company.
A septennial division of the profits, either in the way of bonuses, or
in the reduction of premiums; two-thirds to the assured, and one-
third to the proprietors.
A system of loan upon personal or other securities, provided the
party borrowing assures his life for double the amount he receives.
Policies which shall have been assigned six months as a bona fide
security not void by death from suicide, duelling, or the hands of
justice.
No entrance fee or other charge beyond the policy stamp.
All matters in dispute, where no fraud is suspected, to be referred
to arbitration.
Claims payable three months after death, or earlier on receiving a
discount.
A liberal commission to all parties bringing business.
Premiums payable yearly, half-yearly, or quarterly.
Medical referees paid by the Office in every case referred to them
for their professional opinions.
Interest at the rate of 5l. per cent. allowed on the paid-up capital.
 Applications for the remaining shares, agencies, and
prospectuses, to be made to the Secretary, 112, Cheapside.
Board days, Mondays and Thursdays, at half-past One o’clock.
FREDERICK LAWRANCE, Secretary.

TO THE CLERGY.
CITY EQUITABLE CLOTHING ESTABLISHMENT, FLEET-STREET
(Three Doors from Temple-bar).
G. EVANS respectfully yet fearlessly submits the following SCALE
of CONTRACTS to the careful perusal of gentlemen who have been
accustomed to pay exorbitant prices, and to assure them that the
articles will be of the best materials and workmanship, as he intends
to continue that honest and just principle of doing business which he
has hitherto pursued, and which he is happy to find has given such
general satisfaction. His long experience in cutting has qualified him
to give a good fit, and his matured judgment enables him to select
none but the best materials.
Naval and Military Uniforms strictly to regulation, with a careful
regard to economy. Liveries unusually low, considering the superior
articles invariably supplied. Ladies’ Riding Habits, not to be
surpassed in style, quality, or price. Young Gentlemen’s Clothing at
extremely moderate prices.
A List of Prices forwarded to gentlemen who do not wish to
contract.
TABLE OF CONTRACT.

No. of Suits. Colours. Super. Best that

per suit. can be made
in every
particular.
£ s. d. £ s. d.
Two Suits Coloured 4 4 0 4 18 0
Ditto Black or Blue 4 18 0 5 10 0
 Three Suits Coloured 4 2 0 4 16 0
Ditto Black or Blue 4 16 0 5 8 0
Four Suits Coloured 4 0 0 4 10 0
Ditto Black or Blue 4 12 0 5 5 0
Five Suits Coloured 4 0 0 4 8 0
Ditto Black or Blue 4 12 0 5 2 0
Six Suits Coloured 3 18 0 4 6 0
Ditto Black or Blue 4 10 0 5 0 0

OLD SUITS TO BE RETURNED.

Silk Waistcoats, 4s. extra; Frock Coats, 10s.; Velvet Waistcoats,
10s.; Velvet Collar, 4s.
A newly-invented Measuring Card (with a Drawing), and Tape
attached, giving instructions to enable any person to use it correctly,
will be forwarded where required.

OIL and LAMP PHENOMENA, and NO PUFF.—CLARK and CO., oil

refiners by chemical process, 261, Strand, and 16, Picket-street, sell
their UNEQUALLED CLARIFIED OIL, at 4s. 10d. per gallon, suitable
for every description of lamp in present use. Four gallons go as far
as five gallons of solar or other common oils, and therefore their
Clarified Oil is cheapest. Lamps burning it require no cleaning, on
account of its purity. It produces a splendid light, without smoke, if
their fire-proof smoke consuming glasses are used; but burns quite
equal to sperm with the common glasses. Oil lamps, best
workmanship and newest style, at manufacturer’s prices: for
instance, excellent table lamps, 21s., usually 38s.; Cambridge
reading or writing lamps, superior, 11s. 9d., usually 21s.; hall lamps
from 2s. 9d.; very superb drawing and dining room lamps, 45s. 9d.,
usually 84s.; beautiful brass and real bronze reading lamps, 15s. 9d.,
usually 30s. These are only specimens of prices. Chandelier designs
to be seen in great variety. Clarified oil, 4s. 10d. imperial gallon; fire-
proof chimneys, 1s. only.—CLARK and CO., 16, Pickett-street, or
261, Strand, three doors from the stone pillars, opposite St.
Clement’s Church, and not a corner shop. To prevent impositions,
observe, strictly, Clark and Co. stamped on the glasses, and sealed
on the oil corks. Books of designs of lamps (for every use) forwarded
free to any part of the kingdom.

PAINT AND PAPER CLEANED ON A NEW PRINCIPLE.—HENRY

BURRIDGE, 15, Grenville-street, Brunswick-square, original Inventor
of the new and approved method of washing Paper-hangings on the
walls of rooms by a Chemical Preparation, to look equal to new,
begs to return his most grateful thanks to the Nobility and Gentry for
the liberal patronage he has received, and trusts by strict attention to
merit a continuance of their favours.
Specimens of paper cleaning may be seen at 15, Grenville-street,
or shewn on the walls that are required to be cleaned. Gilt
Mouldings, Painted Ceilings, Stucco Walls, Wainscots, &c., cleaned
nearly equal to new, Marble Monuments, Busts, and Chimney-pieces
bleached and cleaned without incurring the expense of taking down
and refixing.
Manufacturer of Marble Papers for staircase walls, &c., in a new
and superior style.
Distempering, Whitewashing, and Colouring executed with
despatch.
Established 20 years.
House and Estate Agent.
N.B. No charge for registering.
 AUSTIN & SEELEY,
NEW ROAD, LONDON,
(Corner of Cleveland Street.)

AUSTIN and SEELEY respectfully invite the attention of Builders,

Masons, and others to their extensive Collection of Ornaments,
manufactured in Artificial Stone, of their own peculiar Composition,
without either the use of Roman Cement or the application of Heat.
They are also ready to execute New Models on the lowest
remunerating terms. Their present Stock consists of—
Capitals and Fluted Columns; Trusses, Brackets, and Modillions;
the Royal Arms and Prince of Wales’s Feathers; Centre Ornaments
for Entablatures and Bas-Relievos; Balustrading and Coping, for
which, as their work is waterproof, it is well suited; Rustic and Rough
Stone Facing, and Pier Ornaments, such as Pine-Apples, &c.; Gothic
Work in great variety, including Fonts, Communion Tables, and
Screens; Tazzas and Vases, to the extent of nearly One Hundred
Models; Flower-Boxes, and Garden-Border Edging; Fountains, from
£6 and upwards; Monumental Urns; Figures—Statues from the
antique, as well as some chaste subjects of modern design, Animals,
Birds, &c.; Chimneys and Chimney-Pots, from 1 foot 10 inches to 10
feet high. (As these are so bulky, a portion of Roman Cement is
introduced for economy’s sake.)
N.B. A complete Specimen-Sheet of their Chimneys may be had by
application to A. and S.
 MOST IMPORTANT INVENTION.
THE PATENT STUCCO PAINT CEMENT.—This truly valuable
preparation, the satisfactory result of a long series of experiments,
after having been subjected to the most rigid tests, is now offered
with confidence to the public, as possessing the following
extraordinary qualities, which must at once insure for it a preference
over any Cement yet manufactured.
Architects, Engineers, Contractors, Builders, Masons, Plasterers,
and the Trade are referred to the undermentioned properties of this
valuable discovery, which is secured by Patent to its Inventors and
Proprietors.
1. Its strong adhesive properties, fixing most tenaciously to the
smoothest surfaces, even to glass.
2. Its being highly repellent of water, and thoroughly impervious to
wet or damp.
3. The chemical peculiarity of its composition does not admit of the
possibility of its vegetating, and thereby becoming discoloured.
4. The safe and gradual rapidity with which it dries; hardening the
more by the greater exposure to the atmosphere.
5. Its perfect freedom from any of the caustic qualities of Lime
Stuccoes; and consequently,
6. It may be painted upon as soon as dry, a property possessed by
no other Cement whatever.
7. It is not in the slightest degree affected by frost.
8. It may be kept in the cask as delivered from the Manufactory for
any length of time without deterioration, not requiring to be used (as
other Cements are) immediately after being manufactured. To
Merchants, therefore, and Exporters, even to the remotest parts of
the globe, this Cement will form a most important item of commerce.
 9. To Engineers and Conductors of Public Works, the use of this
Cement is strongly recommended in lieu of mortar, particularly in the
construction of Railway Arches and Tunnelling; its peculiarly
tenacious property forming one hardened mass with the brick or
masonry, or with whatever material it may be used; and it will be
found particularly valuable in laying and pointing roofs, whether of
slate or tile, in the most exposed situations, rendering the whole roof
fixed and immoveable.
This Cement is sold in a fluid state, fit for its mixture with the sand,
at 14s. per cwt.: the proportions being one fourth-part of the fluid to
three-fourths of sand, thereby reducing the price of this Cement
considerably below that of any other yet offered to the public.
One coat of the Cement, so prepared, is sufficient to cover at once
a Brick Front, without any preparatory coat of lime, seven pounds of
the fluid Cement being consumed in covering the square yard; but
when laid on Lime Plaster, four pounds’ weight to the square yard
will be found enough.
Messrs. Johns and Co., of Plymouth (the Patentees), are now
prepared to execute orders to any extent; and beg to intimate that
they have appointed Messrs. Mann and Co., of No. 5, Maiden-lane,
Queen-street, London, as their Sole Agents, at whose Warehouse
any quantity may be procured, specimens may be seen, and every
information obtained, and to whom all communications are to be
addressed.
London, 5, Maiden-lane, Queen-street, Cheapside, May, 1842.

JAMES GRANT, GAS FITTER, No. 1, Vine-street, Tufton-Street,

Westminster, respectfully offers his services to his friends and the
public, to lay gas apparatus, of iron or metal, with every requisite for
lighting houses or apartments, &c., upon sound principles, which
insure safety and prevent smell or other inconvenience, upon
economical terms. Drawings and estimates furnished.
TO MASONS, SCULPTORS, BUILDERS, &c.—WYATT, PARKER,
and Co. beg to inform their friends and the public, that they have just
received from Italy some fine Blocks of Statuary, Veined, Dove,
Sienna, and other Marbles. Also a large quantity of Italian sawn
slabs or tables. To be seen at Albion Wharf, Holland-street, foot of
Blackfriars-bridge, Surrey.

TO ARTISTS, &c.—Wanted, a Gentleman with a taste for

Architectural Drawing, and of competent skill as a Draughtsman and
Colourist, who, in return for the facilities given him to acquire a
knowledge of Architecture, &c., would give his services, or at a
moderate remuneration in instruction. Address H., “Builder” Office.

TO ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS, &c.—J. EVANS, Stove Grate

Manufacturer, 33, King William-street, London-bridge, respectfully
submits the following reduced prices for wholesale orders:—Best
elliptic stoves, 4½d. per inch; register stoves, 10d. per inch; Evans’s
improved patent self-acting kitchen ranges, with ovens and back
boilers, three feet, 4l. 14s. 6d.; three feet four inches, 5l. 15s. 6d.;
three feet eight inches, 6l. 6s.; four feet, 6l. 16s. 6d. Larger sizes,
with steam apparatus complete, from 20l. to 100l. and upwards. The
largest stock of ornamental drawing-room stoves, fenders, &c., in the
kingdom.

TO ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS, AND OTHERS.

The advantages of JAMES FINDON’S Patent improvement to Water-
Closets are the great facility of acting, cleanliness, a durability, a
readiness of being connected to a pipe from a head of water, which
pipe may be used for any other purpose; the whole of the apparatus
being under the seat. Testimonials to be seen at the manufactory,
190½, High Holborn.
N.B. Iron Hopper Closet Basin glazed and trap complete, 1l. 5s.;
Long Iron Hopper Closet Basin glazed and trap complete, 1l. 7s.
TO ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS, DECORATORS, &c.—A Gentleman
who has had considerable experience as a draughtsman and
designer in the Elizabethan style, as applicable to building,
decoration, and furniture, would be glad to meet with an engagement
where he would also make himself generally useful. Apply by letter,
prepaid, to A.B., “Builder” Office.
 MUSIC.
EIGHT-KEYED COCOA FLUTES, with MOSAIC GOLD or GERMAN
SILVER double spring-actioned keys, made on the principle of the
two most eminent Professors, NICHOLSON and RUDAL, price 2l.
15s. with Case, &c., complete.

FLOWERS OF MELODY; or the BEAUTIES of the OPERA and

CONCERT ROOM. Under this title are published, Songs, Airs,
Quadrilles, Waltzes, &c., arranged for the Flute or Violin; the
following are now ready, and may be had by order of any Book or
Music-seller, price Sixpence each:—Songs and Airs from the works
of Albert, Prince of Saxe Coburg Gotha—Beauties of Strauss, Book
I.—Lanner’s Waltzes, Book I.—Airs in the Tempest and Macbeth—
Songs and Airs in the Beggar’s Opera—Songs and Airs in Shiel’s
Opera of The Woodman.—John Limbird’s Music Warehouse, 143,
Strand.

MAINZER’S MUSICAL TIMES, and SINGING CIRCULAR, a

Fortnightly Journal, published the 1st and 15th of every month.
Price 2d.—Stamped Edition for the Country, 3d.

Annual Subscription 4s. 6d.

Six Months’ ditto 2 3
Stamped Edition 6s. 6d.
Ditto ditto 3 3

The “Musical Times” contains original Articles on the Art, in all its
branches, with Criticisms of important Works bearing upon it;
together with notices of the chief Musical Performances in London
and the Provinces. It especially advocates Popular Musical
Education. The rapidly increasing circulation of this Paper, in all parts
of the Kingdom, renders it an important advertising medium. A
composition of one of the celebrated old or modern masters is
presented Monthly to Subscribers (in advance) of Six Months. These
Compositions will consist of Organ Pieces, Madrigals, Glees, Songs,
&c.
Guaranteed Circulation 5,000 Copies.
Scale of Charges for Advertisements:—

Eight Lines and under 5s. 0d.

Every additional Line 0s. 6d.

For a series of insertions, a considerable reduction is made.

Office, 340, Strand; and may be ordered through all News Agents
and Booksellers.
The following Musical Compositions have already been presented to
the Subscribers.
With No. 2.—A Selection of Psalms and Hymns, arranged for one or
two treble voices and additional bass voice. By the Chevalier
Sigismund Neukomm. Part I.
With No. 4.—The Evening Song, for two voices; written for the family
circle. By C. H. Rinck.
With No. 6.—Psalms and Hymns. By the Chevalier Sigismund
Neukomm. Part II.
With No. 8.—Duet. By Alesandro Stradella; with Accompaniment by
G. Hogarth.
With No. 10.—Madrigal. “Turn Amarillis.” By Brewer, 1667.
With the Number for Jan. 1, 1813, will be presented a perfect Fac
Simile of the Original Manuscript of a celebrated Composition of
Mozart.
 COMPOSITION AND MUSICAL WORKS,
BY JOSEPH MAINZER.
SINGING FOR THE MILLION, Eighth Edition: A Practical Course of
Musical Instruction, adapted, from its pleasing simplicity and rapid
effect, to render Musical Reading and Singing familiar to all ages,
capacities, and conditions. Stitched, 1s. 6d.; in cloth, 2s.
SINGING FOR THE MILLION, Second Part; containing numerous
Exercises in Imitations, Figures, and Canons of Jaunaconi, Fuchs,
Albrechtsberger, Hiller, Kittel; Gebhardi, Rinck, and Mainzer,
stitched, 2s. 6d.
MAINZER’S CHORUSES.—2d. each.
PART I.

1 Praise.
2 Psalm CVII.
3 The Cuckoo.
4 The Village Chimes.
5 Independence.
6 The Traveller.
7 God is everywhere.
8 Temperance.

PART II.

9 Invitation to a Redbreast.
10 Call to Prayer.
11 Stanzas to my Child.
12 Infant’s Prayer.
13 Blowing Bubbles.
14 Super Flumina Babylonis.
 15 Prayer.
16 Shepherd Boy.

PART III.

17 The Sea.
18 Contentment.
19 Fraternity.
20 Night Song.
21 Consolation.
22 Hymn.
23 The World we have not seen.
24 Psalm XV.

Part IV. now issuing.

Britain’s Hymn, 2 editions, 3d. and 1s. 6d.

Departure, 3d.
Song of Night, 3d.

GUIDE FOR BEGINNERS IN PIANOFORTE PLAYING, with

English and French words. 5s.
This work is entirely different from those of a similar kind, which
have chiefly in view the great agility of fingers, the elegance of
performance, and the difficulty of execution; while, on the contrary,
the greatest pains have been taken in this work to make it as simple
as possible for the understanding even of children, or all those who
are unacquainted with the Pianoforte.
The following Compositions are to be published successively:—
MUSICAL GRAMMAR. Theory of Chords, of Counterpoint, of
Imitation, Fugue, and Canons. In sheets, 3d. each.
 THE ART OF SINGING, or Guide for the higher practical part of
Execution.
A COLLECTION OF AIRS, DUETS, and CHORUSES of the
Opera “La Jacquerie” (Poor Conrad), with English, French, and
German words.
THE ASCENSION OF CHRIST, an Oratorio.
London: Published at the Repository for Mainzer’s Publications, 340,
Strand.
 PUBLICATIONS.
On Saturday, the 7th of January, 1843, will be published, the First Number of a
New Weekly Periodical, price 4d. or stamped, 5d. to be entitled the
ILLUSTRATED POLYTECHNIC REVIEW. This Journal will be devoted to
Science, the Fine Arts, and Literature. Each Number will contain an Essay or
Essays on some branch of Science or the Fine Arts, together with other highly-
interesting matter. The Review will be printed on a fine Paper, with a new Type,
and will comprise 48 closely-printed columns, 4to. The whole to be illustrated
with numerous fine Engravings, by the first Artists.
Letters, Essays, Works for Review &c. to be addressed to the Editor, 143,
Strand, London, where Advertisements will be received.

Will be published on 1st January, 1843,

LAXTON’S BUILDERS’ PRICE-BOOK for 1843, containing upwards of Ten
Thousand Prices and Memoranda connected with Building. The whole has been
carefully revised and corrected agreeably to the recent alteration of the price of
materials in consequence of the New Tariff. A great variety of additional prices
have been given not before published, together with some useful Tables.
Seventeenth Edition. Published in a convenient size suitable for the Pocket.
Price 4s. bound in cloth, or in the form of a pocket-book, price 5s.
To be had of the Author at his Office, 10, Fludyer-street, Whitehall; John
Weale, Architectural Library, 59, High Holborn; Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., and
R. Groombridge, Paternoster-row; Hebert, 88, Cheapside; and Miller & Field, 6,
Westminster-bridge-road.

NEW WORKS
NOW PUBLISHING BY
H. G. CLARKE & CO. 66, OLD BAILEY, LONDON,
Agent for Ireland, S. J. Machen, 8, D’Olier-street, Dublin,
AND SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS.
THE ENGLISH WIFE; A Manual of Home Duties, designed as a Sequel to the
English Maiden. 12mo. cloth, lettered. Price 4s. 6d. Silk, 6s. Morocco, 8s.
Contents.—Bridal Hopes and Joys. Family Arrangements. Domestic and
Social Duties. State of Mind necessary to the due Discharge of Domestic
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