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PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-2

Lecture Notes

Chapter Overview
In this chapter, students will study how to use functions to organize their PHP code. They will
also learn about variable scope, nested control structures, and conditional coding: if, if…else,
and switch statements and while, do…while, for, and foreach looping statements.
Students will also be introduced to the include and require statements.

Chapter Objectives
In this chapter, students will:

 Study how to use functions to organize your PHP code

 Learn about variable scope
 Make decisions using if, if…else, and switch statements
 Repeatedly execute code using while, do…while, for, and foreach statements
 Learn about include and require statements

Instructor Notes
In PHP, groups of statements that you can execute as a single unit are called functions. Functions
are often made up of decision-making and looping statements. These are two of the most
fundamental statements that execute in a program.

Mention to your students that functions are like paragraphs in writing

Teaching language. Remember a paragraph is a group of related sentences that make up
Tip one idea. A function is a group of related statements that make up a single task.

Working with Functions

PHP has two types of functions: built–in (internal) and user-defined (custom) functions. PHP has
over 1000 built-in library functions that can be used without declaring them. You can also your
own user-defined functions to perform specific tasks.
PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-3

Defining Functions

To begin writing a function, you first need to define it. The syntax for the function definition is:

function name of _function(parameters) {

statements;
}

Parameters are placed within the parentheses that follow the function name. The parameter
receives its value when the function is called. When you name a variable within parentheses, you
do not need to explicitly declare and initialize the parameter as you do with a regular variable.

Following the parentheses that contain the function parameters is a set of curly braces, called
function braces, which contain the function statements. Function statements are the statements
that do the actual work of the function and must be contained within the function braces. For
example:

function displayCompanyName($Company1) {

echo "<p>$Company1</p>";
}

Remind your students that functions, like all PHP code, must be contained with
<?php...?> tags. Stress that the function name should be descriptive of the
task that the function will perform.

Ask students to add this to their list of PHP “Best Coding Practices.”

Teaching Illustrate to students that in a function:

Tip  There is no space between the function name and the opening parentheses
 The opening curly brace is on the same line as the function name
 The function statements are indented five spaces
 The closing curly brace is on a separate line

Ask students to add this to their list of PHP “Best Coding Practices.”
PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-4

Calling Functions

A function definition does not execute automatically. Creating a function definition only names
the function, specifies its parameters (if any), and organizes the statements it will execute.

Teaching Refer to the textbook example on page 77, which defines a function and calls it
Tip passing a literal value to the function argument.

Returning Values

Some functions return a value, which may be displayed or passed as an argument to another
function. A calculator function is a good example of a return value function. A return statement
is a statement that returns a value to the statement that called the function.

Use the textbook example on page 78 to illustrate how a calling statement calls a
Teaching function and sends the multiple values as arguments of the function. The
Tip function then performs a calculation and returns the value to the calling
statement.

Passing Parameters by Reference

Usually, the value of a variable is passed as the parameter of a function, which means that a local
copy of the variable is created to be used by the function. When the value is returned to the
calling statement, any changes are lost. If you want the function to change the value of the
parameter, you must pass the value by reference, so the function works on the actual value
instead of a copy. Any changes made by the function statements remain after the function ends.

Use the textbook example on pages 80 and 81 to illustrate the difference of

passing a parameter by value or by reference.

Teaching Explain to students that a function definition should be placed above any calling
Tip statements. As of PHP4, this is not required, but is considered a good
programming practice.

Ask students to add this to their list of PHP “Best Coding Practices.”
PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-5

Understanding Variable Scope

When you use a variable in a PHP program, you need to be aware of the variable's scope—that
is, you need to think about where in your program a declared variable can be used. A variable's
scope can be either global or local. Global variables are declared outside a function and are
available to all parts of the programs. Local variables are declared inside a function and are only
available within the function in which they are declared.

The global Keyword

Unlike many programming languages that make global variables automatically available to all
parts of your program, in PHP, you must declare a global variable with the global keyword
inside a function for the variable to be available within the scope of that function. When you
declare a global variable with the global keyword, you do not need to assign a value, as you
do when you declare a standard variable. Instead, within the declaration statement you only need
to include the global keyword along with the name of the variable, as in:

global $variable_name;

Teaching Demonstrate the syntax of declaring a global variable within a function using the
Tip textbook example on page 83.

Quick Quiz 1

1. In PHP, groups of statements that you can execute as a single unit are called
_________________________.
ANSWER: functions

2. A _________________________ is a statement that returns a value to the statement that

called the function.
ANSWER: return statement

3. _________________________ are declared inside a function and are only available

within the function in which they are declared.
ANSWER: Local variables

4. A _________________________is a variable that is declared outside a function and is

available to all parts of your program.
ANSWER: global variable
PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-6

Making Decisions
In any programming language, the process of determining the order in which statements execute
in the program is called decision making or flow control. The special types of PHP statements
used for making decision are called decision-making statements or control structures.

if Statements

The if statement is used to execute specific programming code if the evaluation of a

conditional expression returns a value of TRUE. The syntax for a simple if statement is as
follows:

if (conditional expression)// condition evaluates to 'TRUE'

statement;

You should insert a space after the conditional keyword if before the opening
parenthesis of the conditional expression. This will help you see a visual
difference between a structure and a function. Using a line break and
indentation to enter the statements to execute makes it easier for the
programmer to follow the flow of the code.

Ask students to add the space and indentation to their list of PHP “Best Coding
Teaching Practices.”
Tip
Explain to students that if there is only one statement, they do not need to use
curly braces. If there are multiple statements, the statements should be
enclosed within beginning and ending curly braces. ({...}).

Ask students to add the use of curly braces to their list of PHP “Best Coding
Practices.”

You can use a command block to construct a decision-making structure using multiple if
statements. A command block is a group of statements contained within a set of braces, similar to
the way function statements are contained within a set of braces. When an if statement
evaluates to TRUE, the statements in the command block execute.

if...else Statements

Should you want to execute one set of statements when the condition evaluates to FALSE, and
another set of statements when the condition evaluates to TRUE, you need to add an else
clause to the if statement.
PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-7

if (conditional expression) {
statements; //condition evaluates to 'TRUE'
}
else {
statements; //condition evaluates to 'FALSE'
}

Nested if and if...else Statements

When one decision-making statement is contained within another decision-making statement,

they are referred to as nested decision-making structures. An if statement contained within an
if statement or within an if...else statement is called a nested if statement. Similarly, an
if...else statement contained within an if or if…else statement is called a nested
if...else statement. You use nested if and if...else statements to perform conditional
evaluation that must be executed after the original conditional evaluation.

switch Statements

The switch statement controls program flow by executing a specific set of statements,
depending on the value of the expression. The switch statement compares the value of an
expression to a value contained within a special statement called a case label. A case label
represents a specific value and contains one or more statements that execute if the value of the
case label matches the value of the switch statement’s expression. The syntax for the switch
statement is a follows:
PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-8

switch (expression) {
case label:
statement(s);
break;
case label:
statement(s);
break;
...
default:
statement(s);
break;
}

Another type of label used within switch statements is the default label. The default
label contains statements that execute when the value returned by the switch statement does
not match a case label. A default label consists of the keyword default followed by a
colon. In a switch statement, execution does not automatically end when a matching label is
found. A break statement is used to exit a control structures before it reaches the closing brace
(}). A break statement is also used to exit while, do...while, and for looping
statements.

The break statement after the default case is optional; however, it is good
Teaching programming practice to include it.
Tip
Ask the students to add this to their list of PHP “Best Coding Practices.”
PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-9

Quick Quiz 2

1. The process of determining the order in which statements execute in a program is called
_________________________.
ANSWER: decision-making or flow control

2. When one decision-making statement is contained within another decision-making

statement, they are referred to as _________________________.
ANSWER: nested decision-making structures

3. The _________________________ statement is used to execute specific programming

code if the evaluation of a conditional expression returns a value of TRUE.
ANSWER: if

4. The _________________________ statement controls program flow by executing a

specific set of statements, depending on the value of the expression.
ANSWER: switch

Repeating Code

Conditional statements allow you select only a single branch of code to execute and then
continue to the statement that follows. If you need to perform the same statement more than
once, however, you need a use a loop statement, a control structure that repeatedly executes a
statement or a series of statements while a specific condition is TRUE or until a specific
condition becomes TRUE. In an infinite loop, a loop statement never ends because its conditional
expression is never FALSE.

while Statements

The while statement is a simple loop statement that repeats a statement or series of statements
as long as a given conditional expression evaluates to TRUE. The syntax for the while statement
is as follows:

while (conditional expression) {

statement(s);
}

Each repetition of a looping statement is called an iteration. The loop ends and the next
statement, following the while statement executes only when the conditional statement
evaluates to FALSE. You normally track the progress of the while statement evaluation, or
any other loop, with a counter. A counter is a variable that increments or decrements with each
iteration of a loop statement.
PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-10

Programmers often name counter variables $Count, $Counter, or

something descriptive of its purpose. The letters i, j, k, l, x, y, z are also
Teaching commonly used as counter names. Using a variable name such as count or the
Tip letter i (for iteration) helps you remember (and informs other programmers)
that the variable is being used as a counter.

do...while Statements

The do...while statement executes a statement or statements once, then repeats the execution
as long as a given conditional expression evaluates to TRUE The syntax for the do...while
statement is as follows:

do {
statements(s);
} while (conditional expression);

for Statements

The for statement is used for repeating a statement or series of statements as long as a given
conditional expression evaluates to TRUE. The syntax of the for statement is as follows:

for (counter declaration and initialization; condition;

update statement) {
statement(s);
}

foreach Statements

The foreach statement is used to iterate or loop through the elements in an array. With each
loop, a foreach statement moves to the next element in an array. The basic syntax of the
foreach statement is as follows:

foreach ($array_name as $variable_name) {

statement(s);
}
PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-11

Most of the conditional statements (such as the if, if...else, while,

do...while, and for) are probably familiar to students, but the foreach
Teaching statement, which iterates through elements of an array may not be as familiar.
Tip
Illustrate the syntax of the foreach statement using the basic and advanced
forms shown on pages 105 – 107 of the textbook.

Quick Quiz 3

1. Each repetition of a looping statement is called a(n) _________________________.

ANSWER: iteration

2. A _________________________ is a variable that increments or decrements with each

iteration of a loop statement.
ANSWER: counter

3. The foreach statement is used to iterate or loop through the elements in a(n)
_________________________.
ANSWER: array

Discussion Questions
 When is it better to use a global variable in programming? When is it better to use a local
variable?

 Why are conditional statements important in programming?

 Explain the difference between a while statement and a do…while statement.

PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-12

Key Terms
 break statement: Used to exit control structures.
 case label: In a switch statement, represents a specific value and contains one or more
statements that execute if the value of the case label matches the value of the switch
statement’s expression.
 command block: A group of statements contained within a set of braces, similar to the way
function statements are contained within a set of braces.
 counter: A variable that increments or decrements with each iteration of a loop statement.
 decision making (or flow control): The process of determining the order in which
statements execute in a program.
 default label: Contains statements that execute when the value returned by the switch
statement expression does not match a case label.
 do…while statement: Executes a statement or statements once, then repeats the execution
as long as a given conditional expression evaluates to TRUE.
 for statement: Used for repeating a statement or series of statements as long as a given
conditional expression evaluates to TRUE.
 function definition: Line of code that make up a function.
 functions: Groups of statements that execute as a single unit.
 global variable: A variable declared outside a function and available to all parts of the
program.
 if statement: Used to execute specific programming code if the evaluation of a conditional
expression returns a value of TRUE.
 if…else statement: if statement with an else clause that is implemented when the
condition returns a value of FALSE.
 infinite loop: A loop statement never ends because its exit condition is never met.
 iteration: The repetition of a looping statement.
 local variable: A variable declared inside a function and only available with the function in
which it is declared.
 loop statement: A control structure that repeatedly executes a statement or a series of
statements while a specific condition is TRUE or until a specific condition becomes TRUE.
 nested decision-making structures: One decision-making statement contained within
another decision-making statement.
 parameter: A variable that is passed to a function from the calling statement.
 return statement: A statement that returns a value to the statement that called the function.
 switch statement: Controls program flow by executing a specific set of statements,
depending on the value of an expression.
 variable scope: The context in which a variable is accessible (such as local or global).
 while statement: Repeats a statement or a series of statements as long as a given conditional
expression evaluates to TRUE.
PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-13

Best Coding Practices – Chapter 2

Topic Best Practice
Formatting code Format code consistently within a program
Indent code five spaces for readability
Writing PHP code blocks Use the Standard Script Delimiters <?php … ?>
Using the echo statement Use the echo construct exclusively
Use lowercase characters for the echo keyword
Coding the echo statement Do not use parentheses with the echo statement
Adding comments to PHP script Add both line and block comments to your PHP code
Adding a line comment Use the two forward slashes (//) to begin a line comment
Displaying array elements with built-in Enclose the print_r(), var_export(), and
functions var_dump() functions in beginning and ending <pre> tags
Writing a user-defined function The name of a user-defined function should be descriptive of the
task it will perform
Writing a function definition Do NOT space between the function name and the opening
parenthesis
Key the opening curly brace on the same line as the function
name
Indent the function statements five spaces
Key the closing curly brace on a separate line
Calling a function Place the function definition above the calling statement
Writing a control structure To differentiate a control structure from a function, space once
after the conditional keyword before the parenthesis i.e. if
(...) or else (...)
Indent the statements to make them easier for the programmer to
follow the flow
Use curly braces around the statements to execute in a control
structure if there is more than one statement.
Coding a switch statement Include the optional break statement after the default case
label in a switch statement
Naming a counter variable If appropriate, name your counter variable $Count or
$Counter or use the letters ( i, j, k, l, x, y , z)
Other documents randomly have
different content
 THE
FALSE FRIEND.
A
COMEDY.
 PROLOGUE.
Spoken by Capt. Griffin.
Y ou dread Reformers of an impious Age, }

You awful Cat-o'-nine Tails to the Stage, }

This once be just, and in our Cause engage. }
To gain your Favour, we your Rules obey, }
And treat you with a moral Piece to-day; }
So moral, we're afraid 'twill damn the Play. }
For tho' y' ave long been leagu'd (as People tell)
To reduce the Power exorbitant of Hell;
No Troops you send, t' abate it in this Field,
But leave us still expos'd, to starve or yield.
Your Scouts, indeed, sometimes come stealing in,
T' observe this formidable Camp of Sin,
And whisper, if we'll piously declare,
What Aids you then will send, to help us thro' the War.
To this we answer, We're a feeble State, }
And cannot well afford to love or hate, }
So shou'd not meddle much in your Debate. }
But, since your Cause is good, thus far we'll go,
When Portugal declares, we'll do so too.
Our Cases, as we think, are much alike,
And on the same Conditions, we should strike;
Send to their Aid a hundred Men of War,
To ours, a hundred Squadrons of the Fair;
Rig out your Wives and Daughters all around,
(I mean, wh' are fit for Service, tight and sound)
And, for a Proof our Meaning is sincere, }
See but the Ships are good, and if you fear }
A Want of Equipage, we'll mann them here. }
These are the Terms on which you may engage
The Poet's Fire, to batter from the Stage:
Useful Ally! whose Friendship lets you in,
Upon the weak and naked Side of Sin.
Against your old Attack, the Foe's prepar'd,
Well fortify'd, and always on his Guard;
The sacred Shot you send are flung in vain; }
By Impious Hands, with insolent Disdain, }
They're gather'd up, and fir'd at you again. }
Thro' baffled Toils, and unsuccessful Cares, }
In Slaughter, Blood and Wounds, and pious Snares, }
 g , , p ,}
Y' ave made a Flanders War these fifteen hundred Years. }
Change then your Scheme, if you'll your Foe annoy,
And the infernal Bajazet destroy;
Our Aid accept,
W' ave gentler Stratagems which may succeed;
We'll tickle 'em where you'd make 'em bleed:
In Sounds less harsh, we'll teach 'em to obey; }
In softer Strains the evil Spirit lay, }
And steal Immorality away. }
 Dramatis Personæ.

MEN.
Don Felix, a Gentleman of Valencia, Capt. Griffin.
Don Pedro, Mr. Wilks.
Don Guzman, Lovers of Leonora, Mr. Mills.
Don John, Mr. Cibber.
Lopez, Servant to Don John, Mr. Pinkethman.
Galindo, Servant to Don Guzman, Mr. Bullock.
WOMEN.
Leonora, Daughter to Don Felix, Mrs. Rogers.
Isabella, her Friend, and Sister to Guzman, Mrs. Kent.
Jacinta, Woman to Leonora, Mrs. Oldfield.

S C E N E, at Valencia.

THE
FALSE FRIEND.
 A C T I. S C E N E I.
S C E N E, Don John's Lodgings.
Enter Don John beating Lopez.
Lop.
H old, Sir, hold; there's enough in all Conscience; I'm reasonable, I ask

no more; I'm content.

Don John. Then there's a double Content, you Dog, and a Brace of Contents
more into the Bargain. Now is't well?
[Striking again and again.
Lop. O, mighty well, Sir; you'll never mend it; pray leave it as 'tis.
Don John. Look you, you Jackanapes, if ever I hear an Offer at your
impertinent Advice again——
Lop. And why, Sir, will you stifle the most useful of my Qualifications?
Don John. Either, Sirrah, I pass for a very great Blockhead with you, or you
are pleas'd to reckon much upon my Patience.
Lop. Your Patience, Sir, indeed is great: I feel at this Time forty Proofs on't
upon my Shoulders: But really, Sir, I wou'd advise you to——
Don John. Again! I can bear thee no longer. Here, Pen and Ink, I'll give thee
thy Discharge: Did I take you for a Valet, or a Privy-Counsellor, Sir?
Lop. 'Tis confess'd, Sir, you took me but for humble Employment; but my
Intention was agreeably to surprize you with some superior Gifts of Nature, to
your faithful Slave. I profess, my noble Master, a most perfect Knowledge of
Men and Manners. Yours, gracious Sir, (with all Respect I speak it) are not
irreprehensible. And I'm afraid in Time, Sir, I am indeed, they'll riggle you into
some ill-favour'd Affair, whence, with all my Understanding, I shall be puzzled
to bring you off.
Don John. Very well, Sir.
Lop. And therefore, Sir, it is, that I, poor Lopez as I am, sometimes take leave
to maralize.
Don John. Go, go, moralize in the Market-place: I'm quite worn out. Once
more, march.
Lop. Is the Sentence definitive?
Don John. Positive.
Lop. Then, pray, let us come to account, and see what Wages are due.
Don John. Wages! Refund what you have had, you Rascal, you, for the plague
you have given me.
Lop. Nay, if I must lose my Money; then let me claim another Right: Losers
have leave to speak. Therefore, advance, my Tongue, and say thy Pleausure;
tell this Master of mine, he shou'd die with shame at the Life he leads: So
much unworthy of a Man of Honour: Tell him——
Don John. I'll hear no more.
Lop. You shall indeed, Sir.
Don John. Here, take thy Money, and begone.
Lop. Counters all; adieu, you glistring Spangles of the World; farewel, ye
Tempters of the Great, not me. Tell him——
Don John. Stay.
Lop. Go on; tell him he's worse among the Women than a Ferret among the
Rabbits; at one and all, from the Princess to the Tripe-Woman; handsome,
ugly, old Women and Children, all go down.
Don John. Very well.
Lop. It is, indeed, Sir, and so are the Stories you tell them to bring them to
your Matters. The Handsome, she's all Divinity, to be sure; the Ugly, she's so
agreeable, were it not for her Virtue, she'd be over-run with Lovers; the light,
airy, Flipflap, she kills him with her Motions; the dull, heavy-tail'd Maukin
melts him down with her Modesty; the scragged, lean, pale Face has a Shape
for Destruction; the fat over-grown Sow has an Air of Importance; the tall
aukward Trapes with her Majesty wounds; the little, short Trundle-tail shoots
a Je-ne-sçay-quoy: In a Word, they have all something for him——and he has
something for them all.
Don John. And thus, you Fool, by a general Attack, I keep my Heart my own;
lie with them that like me, and care not Sixpence for them that don't.
Lop. Well said, well said; a very pretty Amusement, truly! But, pray, Sir, by
your leave (Ceremony aside) since you are pleas'd to clear up into
Conversation, what mighty Matters do you expect from boarding a Woman,
you know, is already Heart and Soul engag'd to another?
Don John. Why, I expect her Heart and Soul shou'd disengage in a Week. If
you live a little longer with me, Sirrah, you'll know how to instruct your next
Master to the purpose; and therefore, that I may charitably equip you for a
new Service, now I'm turning you out of my own, I'll let you know, that when
a Woman loves a Man best, she's in the most hopeful way of betraying him;
for Love, like Fortune, turns upon a Wheel, and is very much given to rising
and falling.
Lop. Like enough: But as much upon the Weathercock as the Ladies are;
there are some the Wind must blow hard to fetch them about: When such a
sturdy Hussy falls in your Honour's way, what account may Things turn to
then, an't please ye?
Don John. They turn to a Bottle, you Puppy.
Lop. I find they'll always turn to something; but when you pursue a poor
Woman, only to make her Lover jealous, what Pleasure can you take in that?
Don John. That Pleasure.
Lop. Look you there, again.
Don John. Why, Sirrah, d'ye think there's no Pleasure in spoiling their Sport,
when I can't make my own?
Lop. O! to a good-natur'd Man, be sure there must; but, suppose, instead of
'fending and proving with his Mistress, he shou'd come to——a——parrying
and thrusting with you; what becomes of your Joy, then, my noble Master?
Don John. Why, do you think I'm afraid to fight, you Rascal?
Lop. I thought we were talking of what we lov'd, not what we fear'd, Sir.
Don John. Sir, I love every Thing that leads to what I love most.
Lop. I know, Sir, you have often fought upon these Occasions.
Don John. Therefore, that has been no stop to my Pleasures.
Lop. But you have never been kill'd once, Sir; and when that happens, you
will for ever lose the Pleasure of——
Don John. [Striking him.] Breaking your Head, you Rascal, which will afflict
me heartily. See who knocks so hard.
[Knocking.
Lop. Somebody that thinks I can hear no better than you think I can feel.
Enter Don Guzman.
Don Guz. Don John de Alvarada, is he here?
Lop. There's the Man. Shew me such another, if you can find him.
[Aside.
Don Guz. Don John, I desire to speak with you alone.
Don John. You may speak before this Fellow, Sir; he's trusty.
Don Guz. 'Tis an Affair of Honour, Sir.
Don John. Withdraw, Lopez.
Lop. Behind the Door I will, and no farther. [Aside.] This Fellow looks as if he
came to save me a broken Head.
[Lopez retires.
Don Guz. I call myself Don Guzman de Torrellas; you know what Blood I
spring from; I am a Cadet, and by consequence, not rich; but I am esteem'd
by Men of Honour: I have been forward to expose myself in Battles abroad,
and I have met with Applause in our Feasts at home.
Lop. So much by way of Introduction.
[Aside.
Don John. I understand your Merit, Sir, and shou'd be glad to do as much by
your Business.
Don Guz. Give Attention, and you'll be instructed. I love Leonora, and from my
Youth have done so. Long she rejected my Sighs, and despised my Tears, but
my Constancy at last hath vanquish'd. I have found the way to her Heart, and
nothing is wanting to compleat my Joy, but the Consent of her Father, whom I
cannot yet convince, that the Wants in my Fortune are recompens'd by the
Merits of my Person.
Lop. He's a very dull Fellow, indeed.
[Aside.
Don Guz. In the mean while, the Object of my Vows is a sharer in my Grief,
and the only Cordial we have is the Pleasure of a secret Conversation, thro' a
small Breach I have made in a thin Partition that divides our Lodgings. I trust
you, Don John, with this important Secret; Friend or Enemy, you are noble,
therefore keep it; I charge your Honour with it.
Lop. You cou'd not put it in better Hands.
[Aside.
Don Guz. But more; my Passion for this Lady is not hid; all Valencia is
acquainted with my Wishes, and approves my Choice. You alone, Don John de
Alvarada, seeming ignorant of my Vows, dare traverse my Amour.
Don John. Go on.
Lop. These Words import War; lie close, Lopez.
[Aside.
Don Guz. You are the Argus of our Street and the Spy of Leonora; whether
Diana by her borrow'd Light supplies the Absence of the Astrea of Day, or that
the Shades of Night cover the Earth with impenetrable Darkness; you still
attend till Aurora's Return, under the Balcony of that adorable Beauty.
Don John. So?
Don Guz. Wherever she moves, you still follow as her Shadow, at Church, at
Plays: Be her Business with Heaven or Earth, your Importunity is such, you'll
share it.
Lop. He is a forward Fellow, that's the Truth on't.
[Aside.
Don Guz. But what's still farther, you take the Liberty to copy me; my Words,
my Actions, every Motion is no sooner mine, but your's. In short, you ape me,
Don; and to that point, I once design'd to stab myself, and try if you wou'd
follow me in that too.
Lop. No, there the Monkey wou'd have left you.
[Aside.
Don Guz. But to conclude.
Don John. 'Tis Time.
Don Guz. My Patience, Don, is now no more; and I pronounce, that if
henceforth I find you under Leonora's Window, who never wish'd, fond Man,
to see you there; I, by the ways of Honour, shall fix you in another Station. I
leave you to consider on't.——Farewel.
[Exit Don Guz.
Don John. Hold, Sir, we had e'en as good do this honourable Deed now.
Re-enter Lopez.
Lop. No, pray, Sir, let him go, and maybe you mayn't have Occasion to do it at
all.
Don John. I thought at first the Coxcomb came upon another Subject, which
wou'd have embarrassed me much more.
Lop. Now this was a Subject wou'd have embarrass'd me enough in all
Conscience.
Don John. I was afraid he came to forbid me seeing his Sister, Isabella, with
whom I'm upon very good Terms.
Lop. Why, now, that's a hard Case, when you have got a Man's Sister, you
can't leave him his Mistress.
Don John. No, Changeling, I hate him enough, to love every Woman that
belongs to him: and the Fool has so provok'd me by this Threatning, that I
believe I shall have a Stroke at his Mother, before I think myself even with
him.
Lop. A most admirable way to make up Accounts, truly!
Don John. A Son of a Whore! s'death, I did not care Sixpence for the Slut
before, but now I'll have her Maidenhead in a Week, for fear the Rogue
shou'd marry her in ten Days.
Lop. Mum; here's her Father: I'll warrant this old Spark comes to correct our
Way of living too.
Enter Don Felix.
Don Fel. Don John!
Don John. Don Felix! do I see you in my poor Dwelling? Pray, to what lucky
Accident do I owe this Honour?
Don Fel. That I may speak to you without Constraint, pray send away your
Servant.
Lop. What the Pox have I done to 'em, they are all so uneasy at my
Company?
[Aside.
Don John. Give us Chairs, and leave the Room.
Lop. If this old Fellow comes to quarrel with us too, he'll at least do us less
harm.
[Aside.
Don Fel. Won't you retire, Friend?
[Looking behind.
Don John. Be gone, Sirrah.
Lop. aside.] Pox take ye——you old Prig, you: But I shall be even with you.
[Lopez hides himself.
Don Fel. You know me, Sir?
Don John. I do, Sir.
Don Fel. That I call myself——
Don John. Don Felix.
Don Fel. That I am of the House of——
Don John. Cabrera, one of the first of Valencia.
Don Fel. That my Estate is——
Don John. Great.
Don Fel. You know that I have some Reputation in the World?
Don John. I know your Reputation equals your Birth.
Don Fel. And you are not ignorant, that Heaven, for the Consolation of my
grey Hairs, has given me an only Daughter, who is not deform'd?
Don John. Beauteous as Light.
Don Fel. Well shap'd, witty, and endow'd with—
Don John. All the good Qualities of Mind and Body.
Don Fel. Since you are satisfy'd with all this, hearken, I pray, with Attention,
to the Business that brings me hither.
Don John. I shall.
Don Fel. We all know, Don John, some by their own Experience, some by that
of others, how nice a Gentleman's Honour is, and how easily tarnish'd; an
Eclaircissement manag'd with Prudence, often prevents Misfortunes, that,
perhaps, might be upon the Point of attending us. I have thought it my Duty
to acquaint you, that I have seen your Designs upon my Daughter: You pass
Nights entire under her Window, as if you were searching an Opportunity to
get into my House; there is nobody in the Town but has taken Notice of your
Proceedings; you give the Publick a Subject for disadvantageous Discourse;
and tho' in reality Leonora's Virtue receives no Prejudice by it, her Reputation
daily runs some Risque. My Years have taught me to judge right of Things;
and yet, I have not been able to decide what your End can be; you can't
regard my Daughter on a foot of Gallantry; you know her Virtue, and my Birth
too well; and for a Wife you seem to have no Thought, since you have yet
made no Demand to me: What then is your Intention? You have heard,
perhaps, I have hearken'd to a Gentleman of Toledo, a Man of Merit. I own I
have, and I expect him daily here; but, Don John, if 'tis that which hinders
you from declaring in form, I'll ease you of a great deal of Trouble, which the
Customs of the World impose upon these Occasions, and, in a Word, I'll break
with him, and give you Leonora.
Lop. Good.
[Aside.
Don Fel. You don't answer me! What is't that troubles you?
Don John. That I have been such a Sot, old Gentleman, to hear you with so
much Patience.
[Rising.
Don Fel. How, Don! I'm more astonish'd at your Answer, than I was with your
Silence.
Don John. Astonish'd! Why han't you talk'd to me of Marriage? He asks me to
marry, and wonders what I complain of!
Don Fel. 'Tis well——'tis well, Don John, the Outrage is violent! You insult me
in your own House. But, know, Sir——
[Rising.
Don John. But, know, Sir, there needs no Quarrel, if you please, Sir; I like your
Daughter very well; but for marrying her——Serviteur.
Don Fel. Don Guzman de Torrellas has not less Merit than you, Don.
Don John. Agreed; what then?
Don Fel. And yet I have refus'd him my Daughter.
Don John. Why then, you have used him better than you have done me,
which I take very unkindly.
Don Fel. I have us'd you, Sir——
Don John. Us'd me, Sir? you have us'd me very ill, to come into my own
House to seduce me.
Don Fel. What Extravagance!
Don John. What Persecution!
Don Fel. Am I then to have no other Answer?
Don John. Methinks, you have enough in all Conscience.
Don Fel. Promise me, at least, you'll cease to love my Daughter.
Don John. I won't affront your Family so far, neither.
Lop. I'gad my Master shines to-day.
[Aside.
Don Fel. Know, Don, that I can bear no more.
Lop. If he cou'd, I think there's no more to lay upon him.
[Aside.
Don Fel. If I find you continue to importune Leonora, I shall find a way to
satisfy my offended Honour, and punish your Presumption.
Don John. You shall do what you please to me, provided you don't marry me.
Don Fel. Know, Alvarada, there are ways to revenge such outrageous Affronts
as these.
Don John. I won't marry.
Don Fel. 'Tis enough.
[Exit Don Felix.
Re-enter Lopez.
Lop. So; the old Fellow's gone at last, and has carry'd great Content along
with him.
[Aside.
Don John. Lopez.
Lop. Sir——
Don John. What dost think? He wou'd have marry'd me!
Lop. Yes, he had found his Man. But you have been even with him.
Don John. What! thou hast heard us then?
Lop. Or I were no Valet: But, pray, what does your Honour intend to do now?
Will you continue the Siege of a Place, where, 'tis probable, they will daily
augment the Fortifications, when there are so many open Towns you may
march into, without the Trouble of opening the Trenches.
Don John. I am going, Lopez, to double my Attacks: I'll beat up her Quarters
six Times a-night; I am now downright in Love: the Difficulties pique me to
the Attempt, and I'll conquer or I'll die.
Lop. Why, to confess the Truth, Sir, I find you much upon my Taste in this
Matter: Difficulties are the Rocambole of Love; I never valu'd an easy
Conquest in my life. To rouse my Fire; the Lady must cry out, as softly as ever
she can, Have a Care, my Dear, my Mother has seen us: My Brothers suspect
me; my Husband may surprize us: O, dear Heart, have a Care, I pray! Then, I
play the Devil: But, when I come to a Fair-one, where I may hang up my
Cloak upon a Peg, get into my Gown and Slippers—
Don John. Impudent Rogue!
[Aside.
Lop. See her stretch'd upon the Couch, in great Security, with—My Dear, come
kiss me, we have nothing to fear—I droop, I yawn, I sleep.
Don John. Well, Sir, whatever you do with your Fair-one, I am going to be
very busy with mine; I was e'en almost weary of her, but Guzman and this old
Fellow have reviv'd my dying Fire; and so, have at her.
Lop. 'Tis all mighty well, Sir; mighty well, Sir, as can be in the World. But, if
you wou'd have the Goodness to consider en passant, or so, a little now and
then about Swords and Daggers, and Rivals and old Fellows, and Pistols and
great Guns, and such like Baubles, only now and then at leisure, Sir, not to
interrupt Things of more Consequence.
Don John. Thou art a cowardly Rascal, I have often consider'd that.
Lop. Ay, that's true, Sir; and yet a Blunderbuss is presently discharged out of
a Garret-Window.
Don John. Come, no more Words, but follow me: How now! what
Impertinence have we here now, to stop me?
Enter Don Pedro.
Lop. 'Tis Don Pedro, or I'm a Dog.
Don John. Impossible! Don Pedro return'd!
Don Ped. 'Tis I, my dearest Friend; I'm come to forget all the Miseries of a
long Absence in one happy Embrace.
[They embrace.
Don John. I'm overjoy'd to see you.
Don Ped. Mine's not to be exprest. What, Friend Lopez here still! How dost do,
Lopez? What, dost not know me?
Lop. As well as my Father's Seal, Sir, when he sends me a Bill of Exchange.
Don Ped. Just as he was, I find, Galliard still.
Lop. I find it very unwholesome to be otherwise, Sir.
Don John. You have then quitted the Service in Flanders, I suppose.
Don Ped. I have so, Friend! I have left the Ensigns of Mars, and am listing
myself in a softer Militia.
Don John. Explain, pray.
Don Ped. Why, when your Father's Death oblig'd you to leave Brussels, and
return hither to the plentiful Fortune he left you; I stay'd in Flanders, very trist
for your Lost, and past three Years in the Trade of War. About two Months
since, my Father writ to me from Toledo, that he was going to marry me very
advantageously at Valencia: He sent me the Picture of the Lady, and I was so
well pleased with it, that I immediately got my Congé and embark'd at
Dunkirk; I had a quick Passage to the Groyne, from whence, by the way of
Madrid, I am come hither with all the Speed I cou'd. I have, you must know,
been two Days in Town, but I have lain Incognito, that I might inform myself
of the Lady's Conduct I'm to marry; and I have discover'd, that she's serv'd by
two Cavaliers of Birth and Merit. But tho' they have both given many Proofs of
a most violent Passion, I have found, for the Quiet of my Honour, that this
virtuous Lady, out of Modesty or Prudence, has shewn a perfect Indifference
to them and their Gallantries; her Fortune is considerable, her Birth is high,
her Manners irreproachable, and her Beauty so great, that nothing but my
Love can equal it.
Don John. I have hearken'd to you, Don Pedro, with a great deal of Attention,
and Heaven's my Witness, I have a mighty Joy in seeing you; but the Devil
fetch me, it makes my Heart bleed, to hear you are going to be married.
Don Ped. Say no more of that, I desire you; we have always been Friends,
and I earnestly beg we ever may be so; but I am not come to ask Counsel
about my Marriage; my Party is taken, and my Inquiries have so much
heightened my Desire, that nothing can henceforth abate it. I must, therefore,
expect from you, dear Friend, that you won't oppose it, but that you'll aid me
in hast'ning the Moment of my Happiness.
Don John. Since 'tis so impossible for you to resolve for your own Good, I
must submit to what you'll have me: But are not we to know the Name of this
Piece of Rarity, that is to do you this good Turn?
Don Ped. You'll know it presently; for I'm going to carry you to her House.
Don John. You shall tell me, at least, who are her two Gallants.
Don Ped. One, they cou'd not tell me his Name; t' other is——But before we
talk any more of these Affairs, can you let me dispose of Lopez, till the Return
of a Servant, I sent three Days ago to——
Don John. Carry News of you to Papa, I suppose.
Don Ped. You are right; the good Man is thirty Leagues off, and I have not
seen him these six Years.
Don John. Lopez, do you wait upon Don Pedro.
Lop. With all my Heart. It's at least a Suspension of Boxes of the Ear, and
Kicks of the Backside.
[Aside.
Don Ped. Then, honest Lopez, with your Master's Leave, go to the New-Inn,
the King of France on Horseback, and see if my Servant's return'd; I'll be
there immediately, to charge thee with a Commission of more Importance.
Lop. I shall perform your Orders, Sir, both to your Satisfaction, and my own
Reputation.
[Exit Lopez.
Don John. Very quaint. Well, old Acquaintance, you are going to be married
then? 'Tis resolved: Ha!
Don Ped. So says my Star.
Don John. The foolishest Star that has said any Thing a great while.
Don Ped. Still the same, I see! Or, more than ever, resolv'd to love nothing.
Don John. Love nothing! Why, I'm in Love at this very Time.
Don Ped. With what?
Don John. A Woman.
Don Ped. Impossible!
Don John. True.
Don Ped. And how came you in love with her?
Don John. Why, I was ordered not to be in love with her.
Don Ped. Then, there's more Humour than Love in't.
Don John. There shall be what you please in't. But I shan't quit the
Gentlewoman, till I have convinced her there's something in't.
Don Ped. Mayn't I know her Name?
Don John. When you have let me into your conjugal Affection.
Don Ped. Pray, stay here but till I have sent Lopez to my Father-in-law; I'll
come back, and carry you with me in a Moment.
Don John. I'll expect you.
Don Ped. Adieu, dear Friend! May I in earnest see you quickly in Love!
[Exit Don Pedro.
Don John. May I, without a Jest, see you quickly a Widower.
Don John solus.
He comes, he says, to marry a Woman of Quality that has two Lovers——If it
should be Leonora——But, why she? There are many, I hope, in that
Condition in Valencia——I'm a little embarrass'd about it, however——

Friendship, take heed; if Woman interfere,

Be sure the Hour of thy Destruction's near.

[Exit.
 A C T II.
S C E N E, Leonora's Apartment.

Enter Leonora, Isabella, and Jacinta.

Leon.
D ear Isabella, come in: How I am plagu'd with this troublesome

Wretch! Jacinta, have you shut the outer Gates?

Jacin. I have, Madam.
Leo. Shut the Window too; we shall have him get in there, by and bye.
Isab. What's this you are in such Apprehensions of, pray?
Leo. Nothing worth naming.
Isab. You dissemble: Something of Love in the Case, I'll warrant you.
Leo. The Reverse on't; 'tis Aversion. My Impertinent Star has furnish'd me
with a Lover for my Guard, who is never from my Window; he persecutes me
to Distraction; I affront him fifty Times a day; which he receives with a Bow
down to the Ground: In short, all I can do, is doing nothing at all: He still
persists in loving me, as much as I hate him.
Isab. Have a Care he don't get the better on't, for all that; for when a Man
loves a Woman well enough to persevere, 'tis odds but she at last loves him
well enough to make him give it over. But I think I had as good take off my
Scarf; for, since my Brother Don Guzman knows I'm with you, he won't
quarrel at my return, for the Length of my Visit.
Leo. If he shou'd, I shou'd quarrel with him, which few Things else wou'd
make me do. But methinks, Isabella, you are a little melancholy.
Isab. And you a little thoughtful.
Leo. Pray, tell me your Affliction.
Isab. Pray don't conceal yours.
Leo. Why, truly, my Heart is not at ease.
Isab. Mine, I fear, never will.
Leo. My Father's marrying me against my Inclination.
Isab. My Brother is hind'ring me from marrying with mine.
Leo. You know I love your Brother, Don Guzman.
Isab. And you shall know, I'm uneasy for Don John de Alvarada.
Leo. Don John!
Isab. The same.
Leo. Have you any Reason to hope for a Return?
Isab. I think so.
Leo. I'm afraid, my Dear, you abuse yourself.
Isab. Why?
Leo. Because he is already in Love with——
Isab. Who?
Leo. Me.
Isab. I wou'd not have you too positive in that, Madam, for I am very sure
that——
Leo. Madam, I am very sure that he's the troublesome Guest I just now
complain'd of: And you may believe——
Isab. Madam, I can never believe he's troublesome to any Body.
Leo. O, dear Madam! But I'm sure I'm forc'd to keep my Windows shut, till I'm
almost dead with Heat; and that, I think, is troublesome.
Isab. This Mistake is easily set right, Leonora; our Houses join, and when he
looks at my Window, you fancy 'tis at your's.
Leo. But, when he attacks my Door, Madam, and almost breaks it down, I
don't know how in the World to fancy 'tis your's.
Isab. A Man may do that to disguise his real Inclination.
Leo. Nay, if you please, believe he's dying for you. I wish he were; then I
shou'd be troubled no more with him. Be sure, Jacinta, you don't open a
Window to-night.
Isab. Not while I'm here, at least; for if he knows that, he may chance to
press in.
Leo. Look you, Isabella, 'tis entirely alike to me, who he's fond of; but I'm so
much your Friend, I can't endure to see you deceiv'd.
Isab. And since I have the same Kindness for you, Leonora, know, in short,
that my Brother is so alarm'd at his Passion for me, that he has forbid him the
Street.
Leo. Bless my Soul! and don't you plainly see by that, he's jealous of him
upon my Account?
Isa. [Smiling.] He's jealous of his Honour, Madam, lest he shou'd debauch his
Sister.
Leo. I say, he's jealous of his Love, lest he shou'd corrupt his Mistress.
Isab. But why all this Heat? If you love my Brother, why are you concern'd
Don John shou'd love me?
Leo. I'm not concern'd: I have no Designs upon him; I care not who he loves.
Isab. Why then are you angry?
Leo. Why do you say he does not care for me!
Isab. Well, to content you then, I know nothing certain, but that I love him.
Leo. And to content you; I know nothing so certain, as that I neither love him,
nor ever can love him: And so I hope we are Friends again.
Isab. Kiss me, then, and let us never be otherwise.
Leo. Agreed: [They kiss.] And now, my Dear, as my Misfortune's nearest, I am
first to be pity'd; I am the most wretched Woman living. My Father every
Moment expects a Gentleman from Flanders, to whom he has resolv'd to
marry me. But neither Duty, nor Prudence, nor Danger, nor Resolution, nor all
I can summon to my Aid, can drive your Brother from my Heart; but there
he's fix'd to ruin me.
Jacin. Madam, here's Don Guzman at the Chamber-Door; he begs so
passionately to come in, sure you can't refuse him.
Leo. Heav'ns! But does he consider to what he exposes me?
Jacin. Madam, he considers nothing; if he did, I'd say he were an impudent
Fellow, to pretend to be in Love with you.
Leo. Shall I venture, Isabella?
Isab. You know best.
Enter Don Guzman.
Jacin. Marry, methinks he knows best of us all, for here he comes.
Don Guz. Forgive me, lovely Leonora; 'tis the last Time, perhaps, that I may
beg your Pity. My Rival is not far off: Excess of Modesty is now our Ruin.
Break through it, for this Moment you have left, and own, to your old Father,
how you love. He once did so himself; our Scene of Sorrow may, perhaps,
recall some small Remembrance of his tender Years, and melt him into Mercy.
Leo. Alas! Don Guzman——
Jacin. O Heavens! Madam——
Leo. What's the Matter?
Jacin. Y' are undone; here's your Father.
Isab. What an unlucky Accident!
Leo. Has he seen Don Guzman?
Jacin. Nay, the deuce knows.
Isab. Where shall he hide himself?
Jacin. In the Moon, if he can get thither.
Enter Don Felix.
Don Guz. I must e'en stand it now.
Don Fel. Good News, my Daughter, good News; I come to acquaint you, that
——How now? What's the Meaning of this? Don Guzman in my Daughter's
Chamber!
Don Guz. I see your Surprize, Sir, but you need not be disturb'd; 'twas some
sudden Business with my Sister brought me here.
Don Fel. 'Tis enough, Sir: I'm glad to find you here; you shall be a Witness,
that I know how to preserve the Honour of my Family.
Don Guz. What mean you, Sir?
Don Fel. To marry Leonora this Moment.
Don Guz. How say you?
Don Fel. I say, you shall have nothing left to ask of me.
Don Guz. Is't possible? O Heavens! what Joy I feel!
Don Fel. Leonora, prepare your Hand and Heart.
Leo. They both are ready, Sir; and in giving me the Man I love, you charge me
with a Debt of Gratitude can never be repay'd.
Don Guz. [Kneeling.] Upon my Knees, I thank the best of Men, for blessing
me with all that's blest in Woman.
Isab. How well that kind, that gentle Look becomes him!
Jacin. Now, methinks he looks like an old Rogue; I don't like his Looks.
[Aside.
Enter Lopez.
Lop. To all whom it may concern, greeting, Don Pedro Osorio, acknowledging
himself most unworthy of the Honour intended him, in the Person of the fair
Leonora, addresses himself, by me, his small Ambassador, to the Generosity of
Don Felix, for leave to walk in and take Possession.
Don Fel. I had already given Order for his Entrance.
Don Guz. What is't I hear?
Leo. Support me.
Isab. She faints.
Don Guz. Look, Tyrant, here, and, if thou can'st, be cruel!
[Holding her.
Don Fel. Bring in Don Pedro.
Don Guz. Barbarian!
Jacin. Look up, Madam, for Heaven's sake; since you must marry the Fellow,
e'en make the most on't.
Leo. Hoh——
Enter Don Pedro and Don John.
Jacin. So——How d'ye do now? Come, chear up. See, here he comes. By my
Troth, and a pretty turn'd Fellow. [Aside.] He'll set all to rights by to-morrow
Morning, I'll answer for him.
Don Fel. Don Pedro, you are welcome; let me embrace you.
Don Ped. In what Terms, Sir, shall I express what I owe you for the Honour
you do me? And with what Prospect of Return can I receive this inestimable
Present? Your Picture, Madam, made what Impression Art cou'd stamp, but
Nature has done more. What Wounds your Sex can give, or ours receive, I
feel.
Don Fel. Come, Son, (for I'm in haste to call you so)——But what's this I see?
Alvarada here! Whence, Sir, this Insolence; to come within my Doors, after
you know what has past? Who brought you here?
Don Ped. 'Twas I, Sir.
Don Fel. But do you know that he——
Don Ped. Sir, he's the best of my Friends.
Don Fel. But do you know, I say, that he wou'd——
Don Ped. Hinder this Marriage, 'tis true.
Don Fel. Yes, because he design'd——
Don Ped. I know his Design, Sir; 'tis to hinder all his Friends from marrying.
Pray forgive him.
Don Fel. Then to prevent for ever his Designs here, come hither, Leonora, and
give Don Pedro your Hand.
Don John. Keep down, my kindling Jealousy: I've something tortures me I
never felt but now.
[Aside.
Don Ped. [To Leo.] Why this Backwardness, Madam? Where a Father chooses,
a Daughter may with Modesty approve. Pray, give me your Hand.
Don Guz. I cannot see it.
[Turning from 'em.
Don Fel. [To Leo. aside.] Are you distracted? Will you let him know your Folly?
Give him your Hand, for Shame.
Leo. Hoh! Don Guzman, I am yours.
[Sighing, and giving carelesly her
Hand.
Don Guz. Madam!
[Turning.
Don Fel. What a fatal Slip!
[Aside.
Leo. 'Twas not to you I spoke, Sir.
Don Ped. But him it was she nam'd, and thought on too, I fear. I'm much
alarm'd.
Don Fel. [To Leo.] Repair what you have done, and look more chearful on
him.
Leo. Repair what you have done, and kill me.
Don Fel. Fool.
Leo. Tyrant.
Jacin. A very hum-drum Marriage this.
[Aside.
Don Guz. Pray, Sister, let's retire; for I can bear this Sight no longer.
Isab. My Dear, farewel; I pity you, indeed.
Leo. I am indeed an Object of your Pity.
[Exit Don Guz. and Isab.
Don Fel. Come, Daughter, come, my Son, let's to the Church, and tie this
happy Knot.
Don Ped. I'll wait upon you, Sir.
[Exit Don Fel. leading Leo.
Don John. I love her, and I'll love her still. Fate do thy worst, I'll on.
[Aside.
Don Ped. To name another Man, in giving me her Hand!
Don John. [Aside.] How am I rackt and torn with Jealousy?
Don Ped. 'Tis doubtless so, Don Guzman has her Heart.
[Aside.
Don John. [Aside.] The Bridegroom's thoughtful. The Lady's Trip has furnish'd
him with some Matrimonial Reflections: They'll agree with him at this Time
perhaps, better than my Company. I'll leave him. Don Pedro, adieu, we shall
meet again at Night.
Don Ped. Pray stay: I have need of a Friend's Counsel.
Don John. What, already!
Don Ped. Already.
Don John. That's to say, you have already enough of Matrimony.
Don Ped. I scarce know what I have, nor am I sure of what I am.
Enter Lopez.
Lop. An't please your Honour, yonder's your Man Bertrand just arriv'd; his
Horse and he are so tired of one another, that they both came down upon the
Pavement at the Stable-Door.
Don Ped. [To Don John.] He brings News from my Father.
Lop. I believe he does, and hasty News too; but if you stay till he brings it
hither, I believe it will come but slowly. But here's his Packet; I suppose that
will do as well as his Company.
[Gives a Letter.
Don Ped. [Reads to himself.] My dear friend, here's ill News.
Don John. What's the Matter?
Don Ped. My poor old Father's dying.
Don John. I'm mighty sorry for't; 'tis a weighty Stroke I must confess; the
Burden of his Estate will almost bear you down. But we must submit to
Heaven's good Will.
Don Ped. You talk, Alvarada, like a perfect Stranger to that Tenderness
methinks every Son shou'd feel for a good Father: For my part, I've receiv'd
such repeated Proofs of an uncommon Affection from mine, that the Loss of a
Mistress could scarce touch me nearer. You'll believe me, when you see me
leave Leonora a Virgin, till I have seen the good old Man.
Don John. That will be a Proof, indeed; Heaven's Blessing must needs fall
upon so dutiful a Son; but I don't know how its Judgments may deal with so
indifferent a Lover.
Don Ped. O! I shall have Time enough to repair this seeming small Neglect:
But before I go, pray a Word or two with you alone. Lopez, wait without. [Exit
Lop.] You see, my dearest Friend, I am engag'd with Leonora; perhaps I have
done wrong; but 'tis gone too far, to talk or think of a Retreat; I shall I go
directly from this Place to the Altar, and there seal the eternal Contract. That
done, I'll take Post to see my Father, if I can, before he dies. I leave then here
a young and beauteous Bride; but that which touches every String of
Thought, I fear, I leave her wishing I were Guzman. If it be so, no doubt he
knows it well; and he that knows he's lov'd by Leonora, can let no fair
Occasion pass to gain her; my Absence is his Friend, but you are mine, and so
the Danger's balanc'd. Into your Hands, my Dear, my faithful Alvarada,
[Embracing him.] I put my Honour, I put my Life; for both depend on
Leonora's Truth. Observe her Lover, and——neglect not her. You are wise, you
are active, you are brave and true. You have all the Qualities that Man shou'd
have for such a Trust; and I by consequence have all the Assurance Man can
have, you'll, as you ought, discharge it.
Don John. A very hopeful Business you wou'd have me undertake, keep a
Woman honest!—'Sdeath, I'd as soon undertake to keep Portocarero honest.
Look you, we are Friends, intimate Friends; you must not be angry if I talk
freely. Women are naturally bent to Mischief, and their Actions run in one
continued Torrent till they die. But the less a Torrent's check'd, the less
Mischief it does; let it alone, perhaps 'twill only kiss the Banks and pass; but
stop it, 'tis insatiable.
Don Ped. I wou'd not stop it; but cou'd I gently turn its Course where it might
run, and vent itself with Innocence, I wou'd. Leonora of herself is virtuous;
her Birth, Religion, Modesty and Sense, will guide her Wishes where they
ought to point. But yet, let Guards be what they Will, that Place is safest that
is ne'er attack'd.
Don John. As far as I can serve you, in hind'ring Guzman's Approaches, you
may command me.
Don Ped. That's all I ask.
Don John. Then all you ask is granted.
Don Ped. I am at ease, farewel.
Don John. Heaven bring you safe to us again.
[Exit Don Ped.
Don John solus.
Yes, I shall observe her, doubt it not. I wish no body may observe me, for I
find I'm no more Master of myself. Don Guzman's Passion for her adds to
mine; but when I think on what Don Pedro will reap, I'm Fire and Flame.
Something must be done: What, let Love direct, for I have nothing else to
guide me.
Enter Lopez.
Lop. [Aside.] Don Pedro is mounting for his Journey, and leaves a young,
warm, liquorish Hussy with a watry Mouth, behind him——Hum—If she falls
handsomely in my Master's Way, let her look to her——hist—there he is.
Doing what? Thinking? That's new. And if any Good comes on't, that will be
newer still.
Don John. [Aside.] How! Abuse the Trust a Friend reposes in me? And while
he thinks me waking for his Peace, employ the stretch of Thought to make
him wretched?
Lop. Not to interrupt your pious Meditations, Sir, pray have you seen——Seen
what, Fool? Why he can't see thee. I'gad, I believe the little blind Bastard has
whipt him through the Heart in earnest.
Don John. [Aside.] Pedro wou'd never have done this by me——How do I
know that?——Why——he swore he was my Friend——Well; and I swore I
was his——Why then if I find I can break my Oath, why should not I conclude
he will do as much by his?
Lop. [Aside.] His Countenance begins to clear up: I suppose Things may be
drawing to a Conclusion.
Don John. [Aside.] Ay, 'tis just so: And I don't believe he wou'd have debated
the Matter half so long as I have done: I'gad I think I have put myself to a
great Expence of Morality about it. I'm sure, at least, my Stock's out. But I
have a Fund of Love, I hope may last a little longer. O, are you there, Sir!
[Seeing Lop.
Lop. I think so, Sir; I won't be positive in any thing.
Don John. Follow me: I have some Business to employ you in, you'll like.
[Exit Don John.
Lop. I won't be positive in that neither. I guess what you are going about—
There's Roguery a-foot: This is at Leonora, who I know hates him; nothing
under a Rape will do't——He'll be hang'd——And then, what becomes of thee,
my little Lopez?——Why, the Honour to a——dingle dangle by him. Which he'll
have the Good-nature to be mighty sorry for. But I may chance to be
beforehand with him: If we are not taken in the Fact, they'll perhaps do him
the Honour to set a Reward upon his Head. Which if they do, Don, I shall go
near to follow your moral Example, secure my Pardon, make my Fortune, and
hang you up for the Good of your Country.
[Exit.
 A C T III.
S C E N E, Don Felix's House.

Enter Don Felix, Don Pedro, Leonora,

and Jacinta.
Don Fel.
H ow, Son! oblig'd to leave us immediately, say you?

Don Ped. My ill Fortune, Sir, will have it so.

Leo. [Aside.] What can this be?
Don Fel. Pray, what's the Matter? You surprise me.
Don Ped. This Letter, Sir, will inform you.
Don Fel. [Reads.] My dear Son, Bertrand has brought me the welcome News
of your Return, and has given me your Letter; which has in some Sort reviv'd
my Spirits in the Extremity I am in. I daily expect my Exit from this World. 'Tis
now six Years since I have seen you; I shou'd be glad to do it once again
before I die: If you will give me that Satisfaction, you must be speedy. Heaven
preserve you.
[To Don Ped.] 'Tis enough: The Occasion I'm sorry for, but since the Ties of
Blood and Gratitude oblige you, far be it from me to hinder you. Farewel, my
Son, may you have a happy Journey; and if it be Heaven's Will, may the sight
of so good a Son revive so kind a Father. I leave you to bid your Wife adieu.
[Exit Don Fel.
Don Ped. I must leave you, my lovely Bride; but 'tis with bitter Pangs of
Separation. Had I your Heart to chear me on my Way, I might with such a
Cordial run my Course: But that Support you want the Power to give me.
Leo. Who tells you so?
Don Ped. My Eyes and Ears, and all the Pains I bear.
Leo. When Eyes and Ears are much indulg'd, like favourite Servants they are
apt to abuse the too much Trust their Master places in 'em.
Don Ped. If I'm abus'd, assist me with some fair Interpretation of all that
present Trouble and Disquiet, which is not in my Power to overlook, nor yours
to hide.
Leo. You might methinks have spar'd my Modesty; and without forcing me to
name your Absence, have laid my Trouble there.
Don Ped. No, no, my Fair Deluder, that's a Veil too thin to cover what's so
hard to hide; my Presence not my Absence is the Cause. Your cold Reception
at my first Approach, prepar'd me for the Stroke; and 'twas not long before
your Mouth confirmed my Doom: Don Guzman, I am yours.
Leo. Is't then possible the Mouth shou'd utter one Name for another?
Don Ped. Not at all, when it follows the Dictates of the Heart.——
Leo. Were it even so, what Wrong is from that Heart receiv'd, where Duty and
where Virtue are its Rulers?
Don Ped. Where they preside, our Honour may be safe, yet our Minds be on
the Rack.
Leo. This Discourse will scarce produce a Remedy; we'll end it, therefore, if
you please, and leave the rest to Time: Besides, the Occasion of your Journey
presses you.
Don Ped. The Occasion of my Delay presses you, I fear, much more; you
count the tedious Minutes I am with you, and are reduc'd to mind me of my
Duty, to free yourself from my Sight.
Leo. You urge this thing too far, and do me wrong. The Sentiments I have for
you are much more favourable than your Jealousy suffers 'em to appear. But if
my Heart has seem'd to lean another way, before you had a Title to it, you
ought not to conclude I shall suffer it to do so long.
Don Ped. I know you have Virtue, Gratitude and Truth; and therefore 'tis I
love you to my Ruin. Cou'd I believe you false, Contempt would soon release
me from my Chains, which yet I can't but wish to wear for ever: therefore
indulge at least your Pity to your Slave; 'tis the soft Path in which we tread to
Love. I leave behind a tortur'd Heart to move you:

Weigh well its Pains, think on its Passion too, }

Remember all its Torments spring from you; }
And if you cannot love, at least be true. }

[Exit Don Pedro.

Jacin. Now by my troth, Madam, I'm ready to cry. He's a pretty Fellow, and
deserves better Luck.
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