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Java Foundations: Introduction to Program Design & Data Structures, 4/e
John Lewis, Peter DePasquale, Joseph Chase
Test Bank: Chapter 6

Chapter 6: Graphical User Interfaces

Multiple Choice Questions:

1) The default layout manager used by the JPanel class is the _______________________ layout.

a) flow
b) border
c) box
d) grid
e) gridBag

Answer: a
Explanation: The flow layout is the default layout manager used by JPanel objects.

2) A(n) ___________________ is an object that defines a screen element used to display information or allow the user to
interact with a program in a certain way.

a) GUI
b) component
c) event
d) listener
e) AWT

Answer: b
Explanation: A component is an object that defines a screen element used to display information or allow the user to
interact with a program in a certain way. A GUI is a graphical user interface. An event is an object that represents some
occurrence in which we may be interested. A listener is an object that waits for an event to occur and responds in some way
when it does. AWT stands for the Abstract Windowing Toolkit, which is a package that contains classes related to Java GUIs.

3) A(n) ____________________ is an object that waits for an event to occur and responds in some way when it does.

a) GUI
b) component
c) listener
d) frame
e) panel

Answer: c
Explanation: A listener is an object that waits for an event to occur and responds in some way when it does. A
component is an object that defines a screen element used to display information or allow the user to interact with a program in a
certain way. A GUI is a graphical user interface. A frame is a container that is used to display GUI-based Java applications. A
panel is also a container, but unlike a frame it cannot be displayed on its own.

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Java Foundations: Introduction to Program Design & Data Structures, 4/e
John Lewis, Peter DePasquale, Joseph Chase
Test Bank: Chapter 6

4) A GUI is being designed that will detect and respond to a mouse event. How many methods must appear in the listener
object for the event?

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 5

Answer: e
Explanation: A listener for a mouse event implements the MouseListener interface. The MouseListener
interface contains specifications for five methods to respond to different types of mouse events that can be detected. Each of
these methods must appear in the listener and have a body. If a method is not needed, its body can be an empty set of { }.

5) A container is governed by a(n) __________________, which determines exactly how the components added to the panel
will be displayed.

a) event
b) content pane
c) JFrame object
d) JPanel object
e) layout manager

Answer: e
Explanation: The layout manager determines exactly how the components added to the panel will be displayed. A
content pane's frame is where all visible elements of a Java interface are displayed. The JFrame and JPanel objects are part of
the AWT package. An event is an object that represents some occurrence in which we may be interested.

6) Which of the following components allows the user to enter typed input from the keyboard.

a) check boxes
b) radio buttons
c) sliders
d) combo boxes
e) none of the above

Answer: e
Explanation: None of the listed components allow typed input. A text field allows typed input from the user.

7) Which of the following components allows the user to select one of several options from a "drop down" menu?

a) check boxes
b) radio buttons
c) sliders
d) combo boxes
e) none of the above

Answer: d
Explanation: Combo boxes allow the user to select one of several options from a "drop down" menu.

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Java Foundations: Introduction to Program Design & Data Structures, 4/e
John Lewis, Peter DePasquale, Joseph Chase
Test Bank: Chapter 6

8) Which of the following layout managers organize the components from left to right, starting new rows as necessary?

a) Border Layout
b) Box Layout
c) Card Layout
d) Flow Layout
e) Grid Layout

Answer: d
Explanation: The flow layout organizes components from left to right, starting new rows as necessary. A border
layout organizes components into five areas: north, south, east, west, and center. The box layout organizes components into a
single row or column. The card layout organizes components into one area such that only one is visible at any time. A grid
layout organizes components into a grid of rows and columns.

9) Which of the following event descriptions best describes the mouse entered event?

a) The mouse button is pressed down

b) The mouse button is pressed down and released without moving the mouse in between
c) The mouse pointer is moved onto a component
d) The mouse button is released
e) The mouse is moved while the mouse button is pressed down

Answer: c
Explanation: The mouse entered event is triggered when the mouse pointer is moved onto a component. Choice a best
describes a mouse pressed event. Choice b best describes a mouse clicked event. Choice d best describes a mouse released event.
Choice e best describes a mouse dragged event.

10) A(n) _______________________ is a graphical window that pops up on top of any currently active window so that the
user can interact with it.

a) component
b) dialog box
c) event
d) listener
e) none of the above

Answer: b
Explanation: The sentence describes a dialog box. Events and listeners are not windows. Components are graphical
elements that appear in windows, but they are not windows.

11) Which of the following is a fundamental idea of good GUI design?

a) Know the user

b) Prevent user errors
c) Optimize user abilities.
d) Be consistent.
e) all of the above

Answer: e
Explanation: All of the choices are fundamental ideas of good GUI design.

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Java Foundations: Introduction to Program Design & Data Structures, 4/e
John Lewis, Peter DePasquale, Joseph Chase
Test Bank: Chapter 6

12) Which of the following best describes a timer component?

a) it starts when a GUI component is first initialized, and ends when it is destroyed
b) it generates action events at regular intervals
c) every object has a timer, and it is implicitly activated in the constructor of the object
d) it determines the amount of time it takes to execute a method
e) a timer cannot be considered a GUI component

Answer: b
Explanation: Choice b is the best description of a timer component. None of the other choices are true statements.

13) Which of the following border styles can make a component appear raised or lowered from the rest of the components?

a) line border
b) etched border
c) bevel border
d) titled border
e) matte border

Answer: c
Explanation: A bevel border can be used to add depth to a component and give it a 3-D appearance.

14) Which of the following represents a dialog box that allows the user to select a file from a disk or other storage medium?

a) color chooser
b) disk chooser
c) tool tip chooser
d) file chooser
e) none of the above

Answer: d
Explanation: A file chooser is a dialog box that allows the user to select a file. A color chooser allows the user to select
a color. There are no dialog boxes in the AWT that represent a tool tip chooser or a disk chooser.

15) Which of the following classes play a role in altering a visual aspect of a component?

a) ColorChooser
b) ToolTip
c) BorderFactory
d) ColorCreator
e) none of the above

Answer: c
Explanation: The BorderFactory class can be used to create borders, and when used with the setBorder()
method, the borders of components can be changed. The other options are not classes that are included with the AWT.

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Java Foundations: Introduction to Program Design & Data Structures, 4/e
John Lewis, Peter DePasquale, Joseph Chase
Test Bank: Chapter 6

True/False Questions:

1) A panel is displayed as a separate window, but a frame can only be displayed as part of another container.
Answer: False
Explanation: A frame is displayed as a separate window, but a panel can only be displayed as part of another container.

2) Layout managers determine how components are visually presented.

Answer: True
Explanation: Every container is managed by a layout manager, which determines how components are visually
presented.

3) Check boxes operate as a group, providing a set of mutually exclusive options.

Answer: False
Explanation: Radio buttons operate as a group, providing a set of mutually exclusive options. Check boxes are
buttons that can be toggled on or off using the mouse, indicating that a particular boolean condition is set or unset.

4) A dialog box allows the user to select one of several options from a "drop down" menu.
Answer: False
Explanation: A combo box allows the user to select one of several options from a "drop down" menu. A dialog box is
a pop-up window that allows for user interaction.

5) The grid layout organizes components into a grid of rows and columns, and also allows components to span more than one
cell.
Answer: False
Explanation: Both the grid and the GridBag layouts organized components into a grid of rows and columns. Only a
GridBag layout allows components to span more than one cell.

6) The keyHit event is called when a key is pressed.

Answer: False
Explanation: The keyPressed event is called when a key is pressed.

7) A tool tip can be assigned to any Swing component.

Answer: True
Explanation: All Swing components can be assigned a tool tip, which is a short line of text that will appear when the
cursor is rested momentarily on top of the component..

8) A color chooser is a dialog box.

Answer: True
Explanation: A color chooser is a dialog box that allows the user to select a color from a palette or using RGB values.

9) When designing a GUI, the ability of the user is not an important consideration. A GUI should be designed with the lowest
common denominator in mind.
Answer: False
Explanation: It is important to design GUIs that are flexible and that support both skilled and unskilled users.

10) A mnemonic is a short line of text that will appear when the cursor is rested momentarily on top of the component.
Answer: False
Explanation: A mnemonic is a character that allows the user to push a button or make a menu choice using the
keyboard in addition to the mouse. A tool-top is a short line of text that will appear when the cursor is rested momentarily on
top of the component.

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Java Foundations: Introduction to Program Design & Data Structures, 4/e
John Lewis, Peter DePasquale, Joseph Chase
Test Bank: Chapter 6

Short Answer Questions:

1) Explain the difference between check boxes and radio buttons.

Answer: A check box sets a boolean condition to true or false. Therefore if there are multiple items listed with check
boxes by each, any or all of them can be checked at the same time. A radio button represents a set of mutually exclusive
options. This means that at any given time, only one option can be selected.

2) Explain the difference between a combo box and a dialog box.

Answer: A combo box is a component that allows the user to select one of several options from a "drop down" menu.
A dialog box is a graphical window that pops up on top of any currently active windows so that the user can interact with it.

3) Give an example of a common use of a dialog box.

Answer: A confirm dialog box presents the user with a simple yes-or-no question. A file chooser is a dialog box that
presents the user with a file navigator that can be used to select a file. A color chooser is a dialog box that allows the user to
select an RGB color.

4) What method in what interface is used in a GUI application to detect that a user typed the letter 'Y'?

Answer: The keyPressed() method in the KeyListener interface can be used to determine which key was
typed.

5) Write a keyPressed method that behaves as follows. If the user presses the up arrow, the method should output "You
pressed up" using the System.out.println method. If the user presses the down arrow, the method should output "You
pressed down" using the System.out.println method.

Answer:

public void keyPressed(KeyEvent event) {

switch(event.getKeyCode()) {
case KeyEvent.VK_UP:
System.out.println("You pressed up.");
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_DOWN:
System.out.println("You pressed down.");
break;
}//end switch
}//end method

6) When, if ever, should a component be disabled?

Answer: A component should be disabled whenever it is inappropriate for the user to interact with it. This minimizes
error handling and special cases.

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Java Foundations: Introduction to Program Design & Data Structures, 4/e
John Lewis, Peter DePasquale, Joseph Chase
Test Bank: Chapter 6

7) Write a segment of code that will use a dialog box to ask a user to enter their age. Their age will then be stored in an int
variable named userAge. Assume that the necessary import statements to support the dialog box are already in place.

Answer:

int userAge;
String ageStr; // used for user's response
ageStr = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("How old are you"?);
userAge = Integer.parseInt(ageStr);

8) Write a short class that represents a panel with a single radio button that has the option "Yes" and the option "No." By
default, the Yes button should be checked.

Answer:

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class RadioPanel extends JPanel {

private JRadioButton yes, no;

public RadioPanel() {
yes = new JRadioButton("Yes", true);
no = new JradioButton("No");

add(yes);
add(no);
} // end constructor

} // end class RadioPanel

9) Suppose we have created a class called MyGUI, which represents a GUI. Write a program that creates a JFrame object,
adds a MyGUI object to the frame and makes it visible.

Answer:

import javax.swing.*;

public class MyGUIDisplayer {

public static void main(String [] args) {
JFrame frame = new Jframe("My GUI");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

frame.getContentPane().add(new MyGUI());

frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);

} // end main
} // end class MyGUIDisplayer

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Java Foundations: Introduction to Program Design & Data Structures, 4/e
John Lewis, Peter DePasquale, Joseph Chase
Test Bank: Chapter 6

10) Write a short class that represents a panel with a single slider that has values from 0 to 250, with large tick marks in
increments of 50 and small tick marks in increments of 10.

Answer:

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class SlidePanel extends JPanel {

private JSlider slide;

public SlidePanel() {
slide = new Jslider(JSlider.HORIZONTAL, 0, 255, 0);

slide.setMajorTickSpacing(50);
slide.setMinorTickSpacing(10);
slide.setPaintTicks(true);
slide.setPaintLabels(true);

add(slide);
} // end constructor
} // end class SlidePanel

11) Describe the areas of a border layout.

Answer: Border layout is divided into five areas: North, South, East, West and Center. The North and South areas are
at the top and bottom of the container, respectively, and span the entire width of the container. Sandwiched between them,
from left to right, are the West, Center, and East areas. Any unused area takes up no space, and the others fill in as needed.

12) One of the fundamental ideas of good GUI design is to "know the user". How does "know the user" influence a GUI
design?

Answer: The software has to meet the user's needs. This means not only that it has to do what it is designed to do, but
it also must be software that the user understands how to use. It needs to have an interface that the user is comfortable with in
order to be usable and useful to the user. A person who designs a GUI without an awareness of the user's preferences or skills
is less likely to please the user than someone who takes these into consideration.

13) What is the difference between a mnemonic and a tool tip?

Answer: A mnemonic is a character that allows the user to push a button or make a menu choice using the keyboard in
addition to the mouse. A tool-top is a short line of text that will appear when the cursor is rested momentarily on top of the
component. The difference is that the mnemonic allows for more flexibility on the users end (it allows for multiple methods of
achieving the same task), which a tool-tip is simply a helpful reminder of the role of a particular component and offers no
flexibility on the users end.

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Java Foundations: Introduction to Program Design & Data Structures, 4/e
John Lewis, Peter DePasquale, Joseph Chase
Test Bank: Chapter 6

14) Describe the difference between a heavyweight container and a lightweight container. Give an example of each.

Answer: A heavyweight container is a container that is managed by the underlying operating system on which the
program is run, whereas a lightweight container is managed by the Java program itself. A frame is an example of a heavyweight
container and a panel is a lightweight container.

15) When using a box layout, how is the orientation – horizontal or vertical box – specified?

Answer: The orientation is specified as a parameter to the BoxLayout constructor. BoxLayout.Y-AXIS

indicates a vertical box layout. BoxLayout.X-AXIS indicates a horizontal box layout.

9
Pearson © 2017
Other documents randomly have
different content
gallant troops.” Sir James was to accompany the force as a
volunteer, and on the relief of Lucknow would resume his position at
the head of the forces.
The army of relief was divided into two brigades of infantry and
one of artillery, as follows:—First brigade of infantry, under Brigadier-
General Neill, consisted of the 5th Fusiliers, 84th Regiment, 1st
Madras Fusiliers, and 100 men of the 64th Regiment. Second
brigade of infantry, under Colonel Walter Hamilton of the 78th,
consisted of the 78th Highlanders under Colonel Stisted, 90th light
infantry, and the Sikh regiment of Ferozepoor. The Artillery brigade,
under Major Cooper, B.A., consisted of the batteries of Captain
Maude, Captain Olphert, and Brevet-Major Eyre. The volunteer
cavalry, a few irregulars, under Captain Barrow, and a small body of
Engineers, accompanied the forces. The entire force was under the
command of Brigadier-General Havelock, accompanied, as we have
stated, by Major-General Outram as a volunteer.
The entrenchment at Cawnpoor having been completed was
garrisoned by the 64th regiment under Colonel Wilson.
On the 18th of September an advance party, consisting of No. 8
and the Light Company of the 78th, the Sikh regiment, and four
guns under Major McIntyre of the 78th, was pushed across the river
to form a tête-de-pont to enable the bridge to be completed on the
enemy’s side of the river. The men were exposed during the day to a
skirmishing fire from the enemy, who also opened a few guns upon
them from a distance, but with little effect. During the day these
companies were relieved by Nos. 6 and 7 of the 78th, and Major
Haliburton took command of the advanced party. Before daybreak on
the 19th, this party, which was stationed all night on a dry sandbank
in the middle of the Ganges, pushed quietly across the intervening
islands to the mainland, in order to cover the advance of the force,
which crossed with little opposition, the rebel army, after a slight
show of resistance, retiring on their entrenched position about three
miles off, towards Mungulwar.
 The strength of the force amounted to about 3000, that of the
78th being 26 officers and 523 men; Colonel Walter Hamilton being
Brigadier, Colonel Stisted commanded the regiment.
On the morning of September 21st, the advance on Lucknow
commenced, and the enemy’s position was soon reached near
Mungulwar, which for some weeks they had been busily employed in
fortifying. The position, however, was soon carried, the enemy
rapidly pursued, and many of them cut up by the British cavalry;
four guns and a colour were captured. The British loss was merely
nominal.
Rain now commenced to pour in monsoon torrents, and hardly
ceased for three days. Through it the force pushed in column of
route over the well-known scenes of their former struggles, by
Buseerutgunge and the village of Bunnee, when, about 2 o’clock in
the afternoon of the 23rd, the enemy were descried in a strong
position in the neighbourhood of Lucknow. The head of the column
at first suffered from the fire of the enemy’s guns as it was
compelled to pass along the trunk road between morasses; but
these passed, the force quickly deployed into line, and the 2nd
brigade advancing through a sheet of water drove back the right of
the mutinous army, while the 1st Brigade attacked it in front. Victory
soon declared for the British force, which captured five guns. The
enemy’s cavalry, however, 1500 strong, creeping through lofty
cultivation, made a sudden irruption on the baggage in the rear of
the relieving force, inflicting some loss on the detachment of the
90th that was guarding it. In this engagement the 78th lost 1 man
killed and 6 wounded.
The British passed the night of the 23rd on the ground they had
won, exposed, however, to a cannonade from the enemy’s guns. On
the morning of the 24th, their fire inflicted such loss on the British
force, especially the 78th, which had 4 men killed and 11 wounded
by it, that the General, having determined to halt this day to obtain
rest previous to the attack on the city, found it necessary to retire
the left brigade out of reach of the guns.
 The 24th was spent in removing all the baggage and tents, camp-
followers, sick and wounded, into the Alum Bagh, which, on the
advance being made next day, was left in charge of Major M’Intyre
of the 78th, with a detachment of 280 Europeans, some Sikhs, and 4
guns. Of these, Major M’Intyre, Lieutenant Walsh, and 71 non-
commissioned officers and men, besides 34 sick and wounded,
belonged to the 78th.
A short description of the desperate position of those whom
Havelock hoped to rescue may not be out of place here.
In the month of June (1857), most of the native regiments at
Lucknow, as elsewhere, having broken out into open mutiny, the
Residency and a strong fort in the city called Muchee Bhorwan, were
put in a state of defence for the protection of the Europeans. On the
30th of June, the garrison, consisting of 300 of H.M.’s 32nd
Regiment, and a few Native infantry, cavalry, and artillery, marched
out to Chinhut to meet a rebel army which was marching upon
Lucknow; but the native gunners proved traitors, overturned the
guns, cut the traces, and then deserted to the enemy. The
remainder of the force thus exposed to a vastly superior fire, and
completely outflanked, was compelled to make a disastrous retreat,
with the loss of 3 guns and a great number killed and wounded.
The force being thus diminished the Muchee Bhorwan had to be
evacuated. On the night of the 1st of July it was blown up, and the
troops marched into the Residency, the investment of which the
enemy now completed; and for three months the brave garrison had
to undergo a siege regarding which the Governor-General of India
justly writes, “There does not stand in the annals of war an
achievement more truly heroic than the defence of the Residency of
Lucknow.”
This brave handful had heard through spies of the frightful tragedy
of Cawnpoor; the dangers multiplied; the provisions were failing;
more than 300 of the men had been killed, and many more had
succumbed to disease, when the joyful sound of the British guns at
the Alum Bagh, on the 23d of September, announced to them that
relief was at hand.
And now came the rescue. On the morning of the 25th of
September, General Havelock’s force advanced from the Alum Bagh.
The enemy had taken up an exceedingly strong position at the
village of Char Bagh, on the city side of the canal, the bridge over
which was defended by several guns in position; they also occupied
in force numerous gardens and walled enclosures on one side of the
canal, from which they poured a most destructive musketry fire on
the advancing troops.
The 1st brigade led, accompanied by Captain Maude’s battery, and
after a desperate resistance, in which one-third of the British
artillerymen fell, they succeeded in storming the bridge of Char Bagh
and capturing the guns, supported by the 2nd brigade, which now
moved to the front, and occupying the houses on both sides of the
street, bayoneted the defenders, throwing the slain in heaps on the
roadside.
From this point the direct road to the Residency through the city
was something less than two miles; but it was known to have been
cut by trenches and crossed by barricades at short intervals, all the
houses, moreover, being loopholed. Progress in this direction was
impossible; so, the 78th Highlanders being left to hold the position
until the entire force, with ammunition, stores, &c., had passed, the
united column pushed on, detouring to the right along a narrow road
which skirted the left bank of the canal. The advance was not
seriously impeded until the force came opposite the Kaiser Bagh, or
King’s Palace, where two guns and a body of mercenary troops were
entrenched, who opened a heavy fire of grape and musketry. The
artillery with the column had to pass a bridge exposed to this fire,
but they were then shrouded by the buildings adjacent to the palace
of the Furrah Buksh.
 Plan illustrative of the Operations for the Relief of Lucknow in September and
November 1857.
In the meantime the 78th was engaged in a hot conflict. As soon
as the enemy perceived the deviation made by the main body, and
that only a small force was left at the bridge of the Char Bagh, they
returned in countless numbers to annoy the Highlanders. Two
companies, Nos. 7 and 8, under Captains Hay and Hastings, were
sent to occupy the more advanced buildings of the village; four
companies were sent out as skirmishers in the surrounding gardens;
and the remainder, in reserve, were posted in the buildings near the
bridge.
The lane out of which the force had marched was very narrow and
much cut up by the passage of the heavy guns, so that it was a
work of great difficulty to convey the line of commissariat carts and
cattle along it, and in a few hours the 78th was separated from the
main body by a distance of some miles. The enemy now brought
down two guns to within 500 yards of the position of the 78th, and
opened a very destructive fire of shot and shell upon the advanced
companies, while the whole regiment was exposed to a heavy
musketry fire. This becoming insupportable, it was determined to
capture the guns at the point of the bayonet. The two advanced
companies, under Captains Hay and Hastings, and Lieutenants
Webster and Swanson, formed upon the road, and by a gallant
charge up the street captured the first gun, which, being sent to the
rear was hurled into the canal. In the meantime the skirmishing
companies had been called in, and they, together with the reserve,
advanced to the support of Nos. 7 and 8. The united regiment now
pushed on towards the second gun, which was still annoying it from
a more retired position. A second charge resulted in its capture, but
as there was some difficulty in bringing it away, and it being
necessary to retire immediately on the bridge to keep open the
communications, which were being threatened by the hosts who
surrounded the regiment, the gun was spiked, and the 78th fell back
upon the bridge, carrying with them numbers of wounded, and
leaving many dead on the road. In the charge Lieutenant Swanson
was severely wounded.
The entire line of carts, &c., having now passed, the regiment
evacuated the position and bridge of the Char Bagh, and forming the
rear-guard of the force, proceeded along the narrow lane taken by
the column on the left bank of the canal. The rebels immediately
seized the bridge, crossed it, and lined the right bank of the canal,
where they were protected by a wall, from behind which they
poured a galling musketry fire, and placing a gun upon the bridge,
enfiladed the road along which the route of the 78th lay; thus the
regiment was almost completely surrounded, and had to stand and
protect its rear at every step. Captain Hastings was severely
wounded, while making a brave stand with No. 8 company against
the advancing mass of rebels; Captain Lockhart and a large number
of men were also wounded here.
A report having been sent to the general that the 78th was hard
pressed, the volunteer cavalry and a company of the 90th Regiment
were sent back to its assistance; the lane, however, was too narrow
for cavalry to work in, and they suffered severely. At length a point
was reached, near Major Banks’s house, where four roads meet; the
78th had no guide, the main body was far out of sight, and all that
could be ascertained regarding the locality was that the turning to
the left, which evidently led into the city, was the direct road to the
Residency. The force therefore followed that route, which led
through a street of fine houses loopholed and occupied by the
rebels; to the gate of the Kaiser Bagh, or King’s Palace, where it
came in reverse upon the battery which was firing upon the main
body near the Motee Mahul. After spiking the guns, the force pushed
on under the walls of the Kaiser Bagh, and after being exposed to
another shower of musketry from its entire length, the little column,
consisting of the 78th and cavalry, about four o’clock in the
afternoon, joined the main body near the entrance to the Furrah
Buksh, where for a short time it obtained rest.
From this point the Residency was about half a mile distant, and
as darkness was coming on, it was deemed most important to reach
the Residency that night.
The 78th Highlanders and the regiment of Ferozepore were now
directed to advance. “This column,” wrote General Havelock in his
despatch, “pushed on with a desperate gallantry, led by Sir James
Outram and myself and staff, through streets of flat-roofed,
loopholed houses, from which a perpetual fire was kept up, and
overcoming every obstacle, established itself within the enclosure of
the Residency. The joy of the garrison may be more easily conceived
than described. But it was not till the next evening that the whole of
my troops, guns, tumbrils, and sick and wounded, continually
exposed to the attacks of the enemy, could be brought step by step
within the enceinte and the adjacent palace of the Furrah Buksh. To
form an adequate idea of the obstacles overcome, reference must be
made to the events that are known to have occurred at Buenos
Ayres and Saragossa.”
Lieutenant Kirby was mortally wounded in this advance, while
gallantly waving the Queen’s colour which he had carried throughout
the action. On his fall, Sergeant Reid of the grenadier company
seized the colour and carried it for some distance, when assistant-
surgeon M’Master took it from him, and carried it up to near the
Residency gate, where he handed it over to Colour-sergeant Christie,
by whom it was brought into the Residency. The regimental colour
was carried throughout the day by Ensign Tweedie, 4th Bengal
Native Infantry, who was attached to the regiment. Lieutenant
Webster was killed within 200 yards of the gate; Lieutenant Crowe
and Lieutenant and Adjutant Macpherson were wounded, and 2
officers attached to the regiment—Lieutenant Joly of the 32nd
Regiment, and Lieutenant Grant of the Bengal army—were also
wounded, the former mortally.
Early the next morning a party was sent out under Captain R.
Bogle, of the 78th, to assist in bringing in the wounded, who had
been left with the 90th Regiment and heavy guns in the Motee
Mahul. While performing this duty Captain Bogle received a severe
wound, of which he died two months afterwards.
A request for reinforcements having been sent by Major Haliburton
of the 78th, who now commanded the troops at the Motee Mahul
(his two seniors having fallen), the 5th regiment and part of the
Sikhs were sent to assist him. In the forenoon another party was
sent, consisting of 50 men of the 78th, under Captain Lockhart and
Lieutenant Barker, who occupied the house called “Martin’s House,”
on the bank of the Goomtee, which secured the communication
between the palaces and the Motee Mahul. Here they were exposed
during the whole day to a hot cannonade, until towards evening the
house was a complete ruin.
In the meantime the wounded men were conveyed from the
Motee Mahul under charge of their medical officers, Surgeons Jee of
the 78th, and Home of the 90th, who had gallantly remained with
them under the heavy fire to which they had been exposed for many
hours. Some of them, with the former officer, reached the Residency
in safety, but those under charge of Surgeon Home were misled by a
civilian, who had kindly volunteered to show the way. The enemy
surrounded them; the doolie bearers fled, and the small escort, with
a few wounded officers and men, took refuge in a neighbouring
house, where during the whole day and night they were closely
besieged by a large body of rebels, numbering from 500 to 1000,
against whom the escort defended themselves and their wounded
comrades in a most heroic manner. Those of the wounded, however,
who were unable to leave their doolie, fell into the hands of the
enemy, and were put to death with horrible tortures, some of them
being burned alive. Lieutenant Swanson was one of the wounded of
the 78th who were saved, but not until he had received two fresh
wounds, one of which proved mortal. Privates James Halliwell,
Richard Baker, and William Peddington of the 78th, were among
those few gallant men who fought against such unequal odds. The
first-named was rewarded with the Victoria Cross, as were also
Surgeon Home of the 90th and two men of other regiments. The
party was most fortunately saved from this perilous situation on the
following morning, as will appear in the sequel.
After the wounded and commissariat stores had left the Motee
Mahul by the river bank, it was found impossible to take the heavy
guns by that way, and the only practicable route for them being the
high road which ran through the enemy’s position to the Furrah
Buksh palace, it was resolved to attempt to bring them in by that
route under cover of the night. The remainder of the 78th, under
Colonel Stisted, was sent out from the Residency about sunset on
the 26th to assist in this operation, together with two guns under
Captain Olpherts, and some irregular cavalry. The 5th, and part of
the Sikh Regiment had already been sent there in the early part of
the day.
At three o’clock on the morning of the 27th the column was
formed in perfect silence, the 78th leading, and the remainder
following, with heavy guns and ammunition in the centre; the Sikhs
covered each flank. Thus formed, the whole force proceeded
undiscovered up to the enemy’s posts. The leading division had
nearly reached the palace when the alarm was given by the enemy’s
sentries, bugles sounded the “assembly,” and confusion reigned in
the rebel camp. The British soldiers now raised a cheer, and rushed
on the opposing force into their own line of works, losing only 1
officer and 2 men killed, and 1 officer and 9 men wounded—2 of the
latter belonging to the 78th.
The route of this little force fortunately lay through the square
where, as above mentioned, a few men were heroically defending
their wounded comrades in a most critical situation, and they were
thus saved at a most opportune moment.
The relief of the Lucknow garrison having been thus gloriously
accomplished, Sir James Outram resumed his position as the
commander of the troops, and in an Order (dated the 26th of
September 1857) he bears just and high testimony to the bravery
and heroism of the troops and their leader, who thus accomplished a
feat unsurpassed in history. Among the regiments specially
mentioned in the Order is “the 78th Highlanders, who led the
advance on the Residency, headed by their brave commander,
Colonel Stisted.”
In effecting the relief the army lost 535 in killed, wounded, and
missing. The loss fell heaviest on the 78th, which throughout the
day was exposed to more fighting than the rest of the force. This
regiment alone lost 122 killed and wounded; 2 officers and 39 men
being killed, and 8 officers and 73 men wounded, out of 18 officers
and 428 men who left the Alum Bagh on the 25th. Besides the
officers already named, Lieutenant Crowe was wounded.
The Victoria Cross was subsequently awarded to Lieutenant and
Adjutant Macpherson, for “distinguished conduct in setting an
example of heroic gallantry to the men of the regiment at the period
of the action in which they captured two brass 9-pounders at the
point of the bayonet.”
The Victoria Cross was also conferred upon the regiment as a
body, which was required to nominate one individual to wear it as its
representative. On a vote being taken, it was almost unanimously
agreed that it should be given to Assistant-Surgeon M’Master, upon
whom accordingly it was conferred, “for the intrepidity with which he
exposed himself to the fire of the enemy in bringing in and attending
to the wounded on the 25th of September at Lucknow.”
In addition to these, a Victoria Cross was conferred upon Colour-
sergeant Stewart Macpherson and Private Henry Ward of the light
company.
On the 26th the enemy were cleared away from the rear of the
position, and on the 27th the palace, extending along the line of the
river from the Residency to near the Kaiser Bagh, was also cleared
and taken possession of for the accommodation of the troops.
At daylight on the 29th three columns, aggregating 700 men,
attacked the enemy’s works at three different points, destroyed the
guns, and blew up the houses which afforded positions to the enemy
for musketry fire. One of the columns was composed of 20 men of
the 32nd Regiment, 140 men of the 78th (under Captains Lockhart
and Hay, and Lieutenants Cassidy and Barker), and the 1st Madras
Fusiliers.
The column fell in and filed out of the breach in the Sikh Square at
daybreak, the advance consisting of the 32nd and the 78th, the
Madras Fusiliers being in reserve. They formed silently under cover
of some broken ground, and made a sudden dash upon the first
gun, which was taken by the 32nd with a cheer, and burst by an
artilleryman. The 78th, led by Captain Lockhart, who was slightly
wounded, then charged a gun up a street leading to the right; the
covering party of the first gun and a considerable body of the enemy
rallied round this gun, which was twice fired as the regiment
advanced up the lane. Sergeant James Young, of the 78th, the first
man at the gun, bayonetted one of the enemy’s gunners while
reloading for the third discharge, and was severely wounded by a
sword-cut. The rest of the gunners were shot or cut down, and
some who had taken refuge in an adjoining house were destroyed
by means of hand-grenades thrown in by the windows. Proceeding
further, the regiment captured a small gun and some wall-pieces,
which were brought in, the large gun being blown up. The position
was retained while the engineers made preparations for blowing up
the houses which it was deemed advisable to destroy; these being
ready, the columns retired into the entrenchment, and the
explosions took place. The loss of the 78th on this day was 1 man
killed, and 1 officer and 8 men wounded.
Brigadier-General Neill having been killed on the 25th of
September 1857, Colonel Stisted was appointed brigadier of the 1st
brigade, and Major Haliburton assumed command of the regiment.
After the heavy loss sustained by the relieving force in pushing its
way through the enemy, it was clearly impossible to carry off the
sick, wounded, women, and children (amounting to not fewer than
1500) through five miles of disputed suburb; the want of carriage
alone rendering it an impossibility. It was therefore necessary for the
now considerably increased garrison to maintain itself in its present
position on reduced rations until reinforcements should advance to
its relief. Brigadier Inglis retained command of the old Lucknow
garrison, reinforced by the volunteer cavalry, Madras Fusiliers, and a
detachment of the 78th; while General Havelock commanded the
field force that occupied the palaces and outposts.
One of the enemy’s batteries, known as Phillip’s Battery, still
remained in a strong position close to the Residency, and continued
to annoy the garrison by its fire; its capture, therefore, became
necessary, and a force, consisting in all of 568 men, of which the
78th formed a part, was placed at the disposal of Colonel Napier, of
the Bengal Engineers, on the 1st of October. On the afternoon of
that day the column formed on the road leading to the Pyne Bagh,
and advancing to some houses near the Jail, drove the enemy away
from them and from a barricade, under a sharp musketry fire. The
column having to work its way through strongly barricaded houses,
it was late before a point was reached from which the enemy’s
position could be commanded. This having been obtained, and it
being found, on reconnoitring, that the battery was in a high
position, scarped, and quite inaccessible without ladders, it was
determined to defer the assault till daylight. The position gained
having been duly secured and loopholed, the men occupied the
buildings for the night, and were subjected to a heavy fire from the
battery.
On the morning of the 2nd the troops advanced, covered by a fire
of artillery from the Residency entrenchment. A severe fire was
opened from a barricade which flanked the battery on the right; but
this being turned, the troops advanced and drove the enemy from
the battery, capturing the guns, which had been withdrawn to some
distance, and driving off the enemy, who defended them with
musketry and grape. The guns having been destroyed, and Phillip’s
house blown up, the troops withdrew to their position of the
previous night, the 78th having lost 1 man killed and 3 wounded.
The command of this sallying party now fell to Major Haliburton of
the 78th, who, under instructions from the general, commenced on
the 3rd of October to work from house to house with crowbar and
pickaxe, with a view to the possibility of adapting the Cawnpoor road
as the line of communication with the Alum Bagh. On the 4th, Major
Haliburton was mortally wounded and his successor disabled. On the
6th the proceedings were relinquished, and the troops gradually
withdrew to the post at the junction of the Cawnpoor road and Main
Street, which was occupied by the 78th Highlanders, and retained by
that regiment as a permanent outpost during the two months’
blockade which ensued.
 The regiment being greatly reduced, both in officers and men, the
ten companies were told off into four divisions, each under the
command of an officer—Captain Hay, Lieutenants Cassidy, Finlay,
and Barker. The position was divided into three different posts, each
defended by one of these divisions, the fourth being in reserve. By
this arrangement, each man was on guard for three days and nights
out of four, and on the fourth day was generally employed on a
working party in erecting the defences.
Everything was now done by the garrison to strengthen its
position; barricades were erected at all available points, the defences
of the Residency were improved, and all the palaces and buildings
occupied by the field force were put into a state of defence. One of
the greatest dangers that the besieged had to apprehend was from
the enemy’s mines, which threatened the position of the British from
every possible quarter, thus requiring the garrison to be continually
on the alert, and to be constantly employed in countermining. In this
the garrison was very successful, the underground attempts of the
besiegers being outwitted on almost every hand, and many of their
mines frequently destroyed. The outpost of the 78th, under Captain
Lockhart (who on the death of Major Haliburton took command of
the regiment, and held it during the rest of the siege), was
vigorously assailed by these means by the enemy; but they were
completely outwitted by some of the soldiers of the 78th (who
volunteered for this work, for which they received extra pay at the
rate of 10s. per diem), directed by Lieutenant Hutchinson, of the
Bengal Engineers, and Lieutenant Tulloch, Acting Engineer.
The enemy kept so persistently sinking shafts and driving galleries
towards the position occupied by the 78th, that in order to
countermine them five shafts were sunk at several angles of the
position, from each of which numerous galleries were driven, of a
total length of 600 feet. Indeed, in regard to the mining operations
in connection with the siege of Lucknow, Sir James Outram wrote, “I
am aware of no parallel to our series of mines in modern war; 21
shafts, aggregating 200 feet in depth, and 3291 feet of gallery, have
been erected. The enemy advanced 20 mines against the palace and
outposts.”
The post of the 78th was all this time exposed by day and night to
a ceaseless fire of shot, shell, and musketry, and scarcely a day
passed in which some casualty did not occur. The outer walls of the
houses forming the post were reduced to ruins by round shot, and
sharp-shooters occupied the houses around to within 50 yards,
watching for their prey. All the other regiments were similarly
situated during the two months’ blockade.
The rations had now for some time been reduced to one-half, and
the troops, having left everything behind them at the Alum Bagh,
had nothing to wear but the clothes they wore on entering. At
length, however, tidings of relief arrived.
Sir Colin Campbell arrived at the Alum Bagh on the 12th of
November with about 700 cavalry, 2700 infantry, and some artillery
(being chiefly troops which had been engaged in the siege of Delhi),
after having a smart skirmish at Buntera, where Captain Mackenzie
of the 78th was a second time wounded; that officer, with
Lieutenant-Colonel Hamilton, Captain Archer, and several men of the
78th, having accompanied the relieving force. Changing the garrison
of the Alum Bagh, where the 75th Regiment was left, Sir Colin
Campbell formed a battalion of detachments of the 7th Fusiliers, the
64th and 78th Regiments, numbering in all about 400 men, of whom
118 belonged to the 78th, with Lieutenant-Colonel M’Intyre, Captain
Archer, and Lieutenant Walsh, the battalion being commanded by
Lieut.-Colonel Henry Hamilton of the 78th.
The commander-in-chief being further joined by a reinforcement
of about 700 men (of the 23rd Fusiliers and 82nd Regiment),
advanced from the Alum Bagh in the direction of Dilkhoosha Park,
and after a running fight of about two hours, the enemy were driven
through the park of the Martinière beyond the canal. The Dilkhoosha
and Martinière were both occupied, and all baggage being left at the
former place in charge of the regiment, the advance on Secundur
Bagh commenced early on the 16th. This place, as well as the Shah
Nujeef, was taken in the most gallant manner, the 93rd Highlanders
forming part of the attacking force.
In the meantime Havelock’s force had been employed in digging
trenches and erecting batteries in a large garden held by the 90th
Regiment; these were concealed by a lofty wall, under which several
mines were driven for the purpose of blowing it down when the
moment for action should arrive. It was determined by the general,
that as soon as the commander-in-chief should reach Secundur
Bagh, this wall should be blown in by the miners, and that the
batteries should open on the insurgent defences in front, when the
troops were to storm the three buildings known as the Hera Khanah,
or Deer House, the Steam Engine House, and the King’s Stables.
On the morning of the 16th, all the troops that could be spared
from the defences were formed in the square of the Chuttur Munzil;
at 11 A.M. the mines under the wall were sprung, and the batteries
opened an overwhelming fire, which lasted for three hours, on the
buildings beyond. When the breaches were declared practicable, the
troops were brought up to the front through the trenches, and lay
down before the batteries until the firing should cease, and the
signal be given to advance. The storming parties were five in
number, with nearly 800 men in all, each accompanied by an
engineer officer and a working party. A reserve of 200 men, part of
whom belonged to the 78th, under Major Hay of that regiment,
remained in the palace square. The 78th storming party, 150 strong,
was commanded by Captain Lockhart, and the working party by
Lieutenant Barker, accompanied by an engineer officer.
The guns having ceased firing at half-past three in the afternoon,
the bugle sounded the advance. “It is impossible,” wrote General
Havelock, “to describe the enthusiasm with which the signal was
received by the troops. Pent up, inactive, for upwards of six weeks,
and subjected to constant attacks, they felt that the hour of
retribution and glorious exertion had returned. Their cheers echoed
through the courts of the palace, responsive to the bugle sound, and
on they rushed to assured victory. The enemy could nowhere
withstand them. In a few minutes the whole of their buildings were
in our possession.”
Guns were mounted on the newly-occupied post, and the force
retired to its quarters. On the following day the newly-erected
batteries opened fire upon the Tara Kotee (or Observatory) and the
Mess House, while Sir Colin Campbell’s artillery battered them from
the opposite direction. In the afternoon these and the intermediate
buildings were occupied by the relieving force, and the relief of the
besieged garrison was accomplished.
All arrangements having been made for the silent and orderly
evacuation of the Residency and palaces hitherto occupied by
General Havelock’s troops, the retreat commenced at midnight on
the 22nd, and was carried out most successfully in perfect silence,
the 78th Highlanders forming the rear-guard. When the 78th
reached the last palace square, Sir James Outram, who was riding
with it, halted the regiment for a few moments, and in a low but
clear voice addressed to them a few words, saying that he had
selected the 78th for the honour of covering the retirement of the
force, as they had had the post of honour, in advance, on entering to
relieve the garrison, and none were more worthy of the post of
honour in leaving it. The evacuation was so successfully
accomplished, and the enemy were so completely deceived by the
movements of the British force, that they did not attempt to follow,
but, on the contrary, kept firing on the old position many hours after
its evacuation.
The entire force reached the Dilkhoosha Park at four o’clock on
the morning of the 23rd. Here the army sustained a great loss by
the death of the brave and noble-minded Sir Henry Havelock, K.C.B.,
who died of dysentery brought on by the severe privations of the
campaign.
Lieutenant-Colonel Hamilton’s battalion of detachments was
broken up, and that part of it belonging to the 78th joined the
headquarters of the regiment, that officer assuming the command.
For their services in Sir Colin Campbell’s force, Lieutenants-Colonel
H. Hamilton and M’Intyre received the thanks of the Governor-
General, and were afterwards created Companions of the Bath.
Between the 26th of September and the 22nd of November, the
78th lost in the defence of Lucknow 9 men killed, and 5 officers and
42 men wounded; the names of the officers were, Major Haliburton,
Captain Bogle, Assistant-Surgeon M’Master, Captain Lockhart,
Lieutenant Swanson, and Lieutenant Barker. The two first mentioned
and Lieutenant Swanson, besides 27 men, died of their wounds
during these two months.
As might be expected, Sir James Outram in his despatches spoke
in the very highest terms of the conduct of the troops during this
trying period, and the Governor-General in Council offered his hearty
thanks to Brigadiers Hamilton and Stisted, and Captains Bouverie
and Lockhart of the 78th, for their efficient co-operation. General
Havelock’s force was rewarded by a donation of twelve months’
batta, which reward was also conferred on the original garrison of
Lucknow. Colonel Walter Hamilton and Surgeon Jee of the 78th were
made C.B.’s, the former receiving the distinguished service pension
of L.100 per annum, and the latter the Victoria Cross; Captain
Lockhart was made a Brevet-Major.
Mention should be made of the occupation and defence of the
post at the Alum Bagh under Lieutenant-Colonel M’Intyre of the
78th, from the 25th of September until the arrival of Sir Colin
Campbell’s force. That officer, it may be remembered, was appointed
to the command of the Alum Bagh, with detachments of regiments
of about 200 Europeans, with some Sikhs, and foreigners. In it were
placed the sick and wounded of the force, amounting to 128 (of
whom 64 were wounded), the baggage, commissariat and ordnance
stores. The native followers left them amounted to nearly 5000, and
there was an enormous number of cattle of various descriptions.
Though closely besieged by the enemy, and suffering greatly at first
from scarcity of provisions, the small force held gallantly out until
relieved, with a loss of only one European killed and two wounded
during the 49 days’ siege. For this service Lieutenant-Colonel
M’Intyre received the special thanks of the Government.
On the afternoon of the 25th of November the whole force under
Sir Colin Campbell encamped in the plain to the south of the Alum
Bagh. On the 27th, the commander-in-chief moved off with General
Grant’s division in the direction of Cawnpoor, which was threatened
by the Gwalior contingent, leaving Sir James Outram’s division, now
numbering 4000 men of all arms, to retain a defensive position at
the Alum Bagh, with a view of keeping in check the masses of
Lucknow rebels. Sir James took up a strong position, fortifications
being erected at every possible point, and the force at his command
being disposed in the most advantageous manner. The circuit of the
entire position was nearly ten miles, and here the force remained for
the next three months (December, January, and February), while Sir
Colin Campbell, after retaking Cawnpoor, was engaged in recovering
the Doab, and making preparations for a final assault upon the city
of Lucknow. The numbers of the enemy daily increased in front of
Sir James Outram’s position, until they amounted to little less than
100,000. The unceasing activity of the enemy kept Outram’s force
continually on the alert.
Towards the end of December, Sir James learned that the enemy
contemplated surrounding his position and cutting off supplies, and
with that object had despatched to Guilee a force which took up a
position between that village and Budroop, which places are about a
mile distant from each other, and were about three miles to the right
front of the British position. This force, on the evening of December
21st, amounted to about 4000 infantry, 400 cavalry, and 4 field
guns.
Sir James moved out at 5 o’clock on the morning of the 22nd, with
a force composed of 6 guns, 190 cavalry, 1227 infantry under
Colonel Stisted of the 78th, including 156 of the 78th under Captain
Lockhart. Notwithstanding the very unequal odds, the enemy were
completely and brilliantly repulsed on all hands, 4 guns, and 12
waggons filled with ammunition being captured. In his Division
Order of the next day Sir James Outram said, “The right column,
under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Purnell, 90th Regiment,
consisting of detachments of the 78th and 90th Regiments and
Sikhs, excited his admiration by the gallant way in which, with a
cheer, they dashed at a strong position held by the enemy, and from
which they were met by a heavy fire, regardless of the
overwhelming numbers, and 6 guns reported to be posted there.
The suddenness of the attack, and the spirited way in which it was
executed, resulted in the immediate flight of the enemy, with hardly
a casualty on our side.” In the same order. Sir James thanked
Lieutenant-Colonel H. Hamilton for the manner in which he
commanded the reserve, and Brigadiers Hamilton (78th) and Eyre,
who had charge of the camp, for the way in which they kept the
enemy in check.
After this successful repulse the enemy did not again attempt to
surround the position, but continued day after day to make attacks
upon it from their position in front. Want of space forbids us to give
details of these attacks, every one of which, notwithstanding the
overwhelming numbers of the rebels, was most brilliantly repulsed
with but little loss to the British.
“Thus was this position before Lucknow held for three months by
Sir James Outram’s division, his troops being continually called on to
repel threatened attacks, and frequently employed in defending the
numerous picquets and outposts, all of which were exposed to the
fire of the enemy’s batteries.”
The casualties of the 78th during this defence were only 8 men
wounded.
On the 26th of January 1858, the 2nd brigade was paraded to
witness the presentation of six good-conduct medals to men of the
78th Highlanders, on which occasion Sir James Outram addressed
the regiment in terms in which, probably, no other regiment in the
British army was ever addressed. Indeed, the Ross-shire Buffs may
well be proud of the high opinion formed of them by Generals
Havelock and Outram, neither of whom were given to speaking
anything but the severe truth. So extremely complimentary were the
terms in which Sir James Outram addressed the 78th, that he
thought it advisable to record the substance of his address in
writing, lest the 78th should attribute anything to the excitement of
the moment. In a letter addressed to Brigadier Hamilton he wrote,
—“What I did say is what I really feel, and what I am sure must be
the sentiment of every Englishman who knows what the 78th have
done during the past year, and I had fully weighed what I should say
before I went to parade.” We must give a few extracts from the
address as Sir James wrote it:—
“Your exemplary conduct, 78th, in every respect, throughout the
past eventful year, I can truly say, and I do most emphatically
declare, has never been surpassed by any troops of any nation, in
any age, whether for indomitable valour in the field or steady
discipline in the camp, under an amount of fighting, hardship, and
privation such as British troops have seldom, if ever, heretofore been
exposed to. The cheerfulness with which you have gone through all
this has excited my admiration as much as the undaunted pluck with
which you always close with the enemy whenever you can get at
him, no matter what his odds against you, or what the advantage of
his position.... I am sure that you, 78th, who will have borne the
brunt of the war so gloriously from first to last, when you return to
old England, will be hailed and rewarded by your grateful and
admiring countrymen as the band of heroes, as which you so well
deserve to be regarded.”
In the meantime Sir Colin Campbell having relieved Cawnpoor and
retaken the Doab, and having received large reinforcements from
England, had assembled a large army for the capture of the city of
Lucknow. This army was composed of an artillery division, an
engineer brigade, a cavalry division, and four infantry divisions. The
78th Highlanders, consisting of 18 officers and 501 men, under
Colonel Stisted, formed with the 90th Light Infantry, and the
regiment of Ferozepore, the 2nd Brigade, under Brigadier Wanklin of
the 84th Regiment, of the 1st Division under Major-General Sir
James Outram, G.C.B. In the 2nd Division were the 42nd and 93rd
Highlanders, and in the 3rd Division, the 79th Highlanders. The
whole army amounted to 1957 artillery, 2002 engineers, 4156
cavalry, and 17,549 infantry, or a grand total of 25,664 effective
men, to which was added during the course of the siege the
Ghoorka army, under the Maharajah Jung Bahadoor, numbering
about 9000 men and 24 guns.
We need not enter into the details of the siege of Lucknow,
especially as the 78th was not engaged in the aggressive operations,
particulars of which will be found in our histories of the 42nd, 79th,
and 93rd. After nineteen days’ incessant fighting, the city was taken
complete possession of by the British, and the enemy put to utter
rout. During the siege operations the 78th was in position at the
Alum Bagh, where the regiment sustained little more than the usual
annoyance from the enemy, until the 16th, when the front and left of
the position were threatened by large forces of the enemy’s infantry
and cavalry. Brigadier Wanklin had hardly time to dispose his troops
in the best positions for supporting the outposts, when a determined
advance of the enemy’s line took place, their cavalry in myriads
making a most brilliant charge on the front left picquets. A heavy fire
from these, however, aided by that of the field artillery, who were
detached to the left, caused them to turn and flee precipitately.
The 78th being thus not actively engaged during the siege,
sustained a loss of only 1 officer, Captain Macpherson, and 2 men
wounded.
The officers of the regiment honourably mentioned in the
despatches were Colonel Stisted, C.B., Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel H.
Hamilton, C.B., Brevet-Major Bouverie, on whom the brevet rank of
Lieutenant-Colonel was conferred, Captain Macpherson, on whom
the brevet rank of Major was conferred, and Lieutenant Barker. The
brevet rank of Major was also conferred on Captain Mackenzie.
On the 29th of March 1858 the divisions of the army were broken
up, and three new forces of all arms combined were formed as
follows:—the Azimgurh Field Force under General Lugard, the
Lucknow Field Force under General Sir Hope Grant, and the
Rohilcund Field Force under Brigadier-General Walpole.
After going to Cawnpoor the 78th joined, on the 26th of April, the
Rohilcund Field Force, among the regiments composing which were
the 42nd, 79th, and 93rd Highlanders. On the same day Sir Colin
Campbell arrived and took the command, moving on the following
day to Bareilly, the enemy everywhere retiring before the advancing
forces. Early on the morning of the 5th of May a movement was
made upon Bareilly from Furreedpoor; but into the details of the hot
work that took place here we need not enter: they will be found
elsewhere. On the forenoon of the 7th, the 78th was sent to protect
the heavy guns which were detached to the front for the purpose of
shelling some large buildings intervening between the British force
and the town, and which were supposed to be undermined.
On the morning of the 7th the town of Bareilly was finally
reduced, and the Mussulman portion of it, where there were still
detached parties of Ghazees remaining with the intention of selling
their lives as dearly as possible, was cleared. In these affairs the
78th lost only 1 man killed and 1 officer, Lieutenant Walsh, and 1
man wounded.
The 42nd, 78th, and 93rd Highlanders were now left to garrison
Bareilly, where the 78th remained till February 20th, 1859, having in
the meantime received orders to prepare for embarkation to
England; previous to which 176 of the men volunteered to join other
corps remaining in India. Before leaving Bareilly, an order highly
complimentary to the corps was issued by Brigadier-General (now Sir
Robert) Walpole, K.C.B. We regret that space does not permit us to
reproduce the order here, and for a similar reason we must pass
over with as great brevity as possible the remaining history of the
regiment; we have devoted considerable space to its periods of
active service.
The regiment left Bareilly on the 20th of February, and on the 4th
of March reached Agra, where a farewell order was received from
the commander-in-chief to the regiment leaving India, in which he,
as was to be expected, spoke in high terms of the 78th. The whole
of the regiment was collected at Mhow on the 30th of March 1859,
and here a banquet was given by the inhabitants of the station to
the officers of the 64th and 78th, to welcome back to the Presidency
of Bombay these two regiments which had been so distinguished in
the late struggle.
On the 26th of March another complimentary order was received
from Sir Henry Somerset, commander-in-chief of the Bombay army.
Finally, on the 28th of April, the whole regiment, which had been
travelling in detachments, assembled at Bombay, and in honour of
its arrival Commodore Wellesley, commander-in-chief of the Indian
navy, ordered all H.M.’s ships to be dressed “rainbow-fashion.”
On the evening of this day a grand entertainment was given to the
78th by the European inhabitants of Bombay, in the form of a
banquet, to which were invited the non-commissioned officers,
privates, women, and children of the regiment. A magnificent suite
of tents was pitched on the glacis of the fort, and many days had
been spent in preparing illuminations, transparencies, and other
decorations, to add lustre to the scene. At half-past 7 o’clock P.M. the
regiment entered the triumphal arch which led to the tents, where
the men were received with the utmost enthusiasm by their hosts,
who from the highest in rank to the lowest had assembled to do
them honour. After a magnificent and tasteful banquet, speeches
followed, in which the men of the Ross-shire Buffs were addressed in
a style sufficient to turn the heads of men of less solid calibre. The
entertainment was described in a local paper as “one of the most
successful demonstrations ever witnessed in Western India.”
The depôt had a few days previous to this arrived from Poonah,
and joined the regiment after a separation of two years and four
months.
Finally, the regiment embarked on the morning of the 18th in two
ships, under the distinguished honour of a royal salute from the
battery. The two ships arrived at Gravesend about the middle of
September, and the regiment having been transhipped, proceeded to
Fort-George, where it once more rested from its hard labours, after
an absence of seventeen years from home. The strength of the
regiment on leaving India was 21 officers, 44 sergeants, 30
corporals, 11 drummers, 424 privates, 30 women, and 67 children;
59 men only being left of those who came out with the regiment in
1842.
We may mention here, that during this year an alteration was
made in the clothing of the pipers, the colour of whose uniform was
changed from buff to a dark green.

VI.

1 8 5 9 – 1 8 7 4.
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