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 Economics, 13th
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WHAT IS
ECONOMICS?
C h a p t e r
1
The Big Picture
Where we are going:
After completing Chapter 1, the student will have a good sense
for the range of questions that economics addresses and will be
on the path towards an economic way of thinking. The students
will begin to think of cost as a forgone alternative—an
opportunity cost—and also about making choices by balancing
marginal costs and marginal benefits.
Chapter 2 reinforces the central themes of Chapter 1 by laying
out a core economic model, the production possibilities frontier
(PPF), and using it to illustrate the concepts of tradeoff and
opportunity cost. Chapter 2 also provides a deeper explanation,
again with a model, of the concepts of marginal cost and marginal
benefit, beginning with the concept of efficiency, and concluding
with a review of the source of the gains from specialization and
exchange.

New in the Thirteenth Edition

A significant change to this chapter that you probably want to spend
some time on is a new section that presents data about the economics
major and how well it ranks in the income spectrum of all majors.
Most of the other content of this chapter remains the same short of
updates to date sensitive items. There a minor reworking in the
beginning of the math appendix that added clarity to the topics
discussed.

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

2 CHAPTER 1

This important chapter is not one to gloss over as it lays down an

important foundation that can be drawn from as you move through more
specific applications later. Students relate well to the section on
self and social interest which calls out issues of both efficiency
and fairness and is great for class discussion. Economics in the
News covers some current issues with Facebook and Mark Zuckerberg’s
vision to have the Internet available to the whole world.

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

 WHAT IS ECONOMICS? 3

Lecture Notes
What Is Economics?
I. Definition of Economics
 Economic questions arise because we always want more than we can get,
so we face scarcity, the inability to satisfy all our wants. Everyone
faces scarcity because no one can satisfy all of his or her wants.
 Scarcity forces us to make choices over the available alternative. The
choices we make depend on incentives, a reward that encourages a choice
or a penalty that discourages a choice.

Forbes lists Bill Gates and Warren Buffet among some of the wealthiest
Americans. Do these two men face scarcity? According to The Wall Street
Journal, both men are ardent bridge players, yet they have never won one of
the many national bridge tournaments they have entered as a team. These two
men can easily afford the best bridge coaches in the world and but other
duties keep them from practicing as much as they would need to in order to
win. So even the wealthiest two Americans face scarcity (of time) and must
choose how to spend their time.

Economics
 Economics is the social science that studies the choices that
individuals, businesses, governments and entire societies make when
they cope with scarcity and the incentives that influence and
reconcile those choices.
 Economists work to understand when the pursuit of self-interest
advances the social interest
 Economics is divided into microeconomics and macroeconomics:
 Microeconomics is the study of the choices that individuals and
businesses make, the way these choices interact in markets, and the
influence of governments.
 Macroeconomics is the study of the performance of the national
economy and the global economy.

On the first day do a “pop quiz.” Have your students write on paper the
answer to “What is Economics?” Reassure them that this is their opinion
since it is the first day. You will find most of the answers focused around
money and/or business. Stress that Economics is a social science, a study
of human behavior given the scarcity problem. All too often first-time
students (especially business students) think that Economics is just about
making money. Certainly, the discipline can and does outline reasons why
workers work longer hours to increase their wage earnings, or why firms
seek profit as their incentive. But Economics also explains why a
terminally ill cancer patient might opt for pain medication as opposed to
continued chemotherapy/radiation, or why someone no longer in the workforce
wants to go to college and attain a Bachelor’s degree, in their sheer
pleasure of learning and understanding. Stressing the social part of our
science now will help later when relating details to the overall bigger
picture (especially when time later in the semester seems scarce, no pun
intended!).

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

4 CHAPTER 1

The definition in the text: “Economics is the social science that studies
the choices that individuals, businesses, governments, and societies make
as they cope with scarcity and the incentives that influence and reconcile
these choices,” is a modern language version of Lionel Robbins famous
definition, “Economics is the science which studies human behavior as a
relationship between ends and scarce means that have alternative uses.”
Other definitions include those of Keynes and Marshall:
John Maynard Keynes: “The theory of economics does not furnish a body of
settled conclusions immediately applicable to policy. It is a method rather
than a doctrine, an apparatus of the mind, a technique of thinking, which
helps it possessors to draw correct conclusions.”
Alfred Marshall: “Economics is a study of mankind in the ordinary
business of life; it examines that part of individual and social action
which is most closely connected with the attainment and with the use of the
material requisites of wellbeing.”
A “shorthand” definition that resonates with students is: “Economics is
the study of trying to satisfy unlimited wants with limited resources.”
Students can—and do—easily abbreviate this definition to “unlimited wants
and limited resources,” which captures an essential economic insight.

II. Two Big Economic Questions

How do choices wind up determining what, how, and for whom goods and services are
produced?
What, How and For Whom?
 Goods and services are the objects that people value and produce to
satisfy human wants. What we produce changes over time—today we
produce more MP3s and CDs than 5 years ago.
 Goods and services are produced using the productive resources called
factors of production. These are land (the “gifts of nature”, natural
resources), labor (the work time and work effort people devote to
production), capital (the tools, instruments, machines, buildings, and
other constructions now used to produce goods and services), and
entrepreneurship (the human resource that organizes labor, land, and
capital).
 The quality of labor depends on human capital, which is the knowledge
and skill that people obtain from education, work experience, and on-
the-job training.
 Owners of the factors of production earn income by selling the
services of their factors. Land earns rent, labor earns wages, capital
earns interest, and entrepreneurship earns profit.

Do Choices Made in the Pursuit of Self-Interest also promote the social interest?
 You make a choice in your self-interest if you think that choice is
the best one available for you.
 An outcome is in the social interest if it is best for society as a
whole.
 A major question economists explore is “Could it be possible that when
each of us makes choices in our self-interest, these choices are in
the social interest?’

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

 WHAT IS ECONOMICS? 5

The Two Big Economic Questions

Don’t skip the questions in a rush to get to the economic way of thinking.
Open your students’ eyes to economic in the world around them. Ask them to
bring a newspaper to class and to identify headlines that deal with stories
about What, How, and For Whom. Use Economics in the News Today on your
Parkin Web site for a current news item and for an archive of past items
(with questions). Pose questions but hold off on the answers letting them
know that “we can have a much more fruitful discussion when our toolbox is
full.” Remind them that this course is about learning simple economic
models that provide tools to seek answers to complex issues.

Students (and others!) often take the answers to the what, how, and for
whom questions for granted. For instance, most of the time we do not bother
to wonder “How does our economy determine how many light bulbs,
automobiles, and pizzas to produce?” (what), or “Why does harvesting wheat
from a plot of land in India occur with hundreds of laborers toiling with
oxen pulling threshing machines, while in the United States, a single
farmer listening to a Garth Brooks CD and sitting in an air-conditioned cab
of a $500,000 machine harvests the same quantity of wheat from the same
sized plot of land?” (how), or “Why is the annual income of an inspiring
and effective grade school teacher much less than that of an average major-
league baseball player?” (for whom). Explaining the answers to these types
of questions and determining whether the answers are in the social interest
is a major part of microeconomics.

Figure 1.1 in the textbook “What Three Countries Produce” ties in nicely
with Chapter 2’s later discussion on the PPF. Figure 1.1 also links the
three questions of what, how and for whom nicely to the component parts of
those questions: goods and services, factors of production (land, labor,
capital, entrepreneurship), and incomes economic agents earn (rent, wages,
interest and profit).

 We can examine whether the self-interested choices serve the social

interest for a variety topics:
 Globalization: Buying an iPod allows workers overseas to earn a wage
and provide for family
 Information-Age Monopolies: A firm producing popular software leads to
format standards
 Climate Change: Carbon dioxide emissions led to higher global
temperatures and climate change
 Financial Instability: Bank bailouts with the intent of social interest
may cause more risky loans to be made in the future by banks
serving their own self-interests.

III. Economic Way of Thinking

Scarcity requires choices and choices create tradeoffs.

What is the difference between scarcity and poverty?

Ask the students why they haven’t yet attained all of their personal goals.
One reason will be that they lack sufficient money. Ask them if they could
attain all of their goals if they were as rich as Bill Gates. They quickly
realize that time is a big constraint—and the great leveler: we all have

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

6 CHAPTER 1

only 24 hours in a day. They have stumbled on the fact that scarcity, which
even Bill Gates faces, is not poverty.

A Choice is a Tradeoff
 A tradeoff is an exchange—giving up one thing to get another.
 Whatever choice you make, you could have chosen something else.
Virtually every choice that can be thought of involves a tradeoff.
Presenting a few of the following as examples can help your class better
appreciate this key point:
 Consumption and savings: If someone decides to save more of his or her
income, savings can be funneled through the financial system to finance
businesses new capital purchases. As a society, we trade off current
consumption for economic growth and higher future consumption.
 Education and training: A student remaining in school for another two
years to complete a degree will need to forgo a significant amount of
leisure time. But by doing so, he or she will be better educated and
will be more productive. As a society, we trade off current production
for greater future production.
 Research and development: Factory automation brings greater productivity
in the future, but means smaller current production. As a society, we
trade off current production for greater future production.

Making a Rational Choice

 A rational choice is one that compares costs and benefits and achieves
the greatest benefit over cost for the person making the choice.
 But how do people choose rationally? Why do more people choose an
iPhone rather than a Windows phone? Why has the U.S. government chosen
to build an interstate highway system and not an interstate high-speed
railroad system? The answers turn on comparing benefits and costs.

Benefit: What you Gain

 The benefit of something is the gain or pleasure that it brings and is
determined by preferences—by what a person likes and dislikes and the
intensity of those feelings.
 Some benefits are large and easy to identify, such as the benefit that
you get from being in school. Much of that benefit is the additional
goods and services that you will be able to enjoy with the boost to
your earning power when you graduate.
 Some benefits are small, such as the benefit you get from a slice of
pizza. That benefit is just the pleasure and nutrition that you get
from your pizza.

Cost: What You Must Give Up

Seeing choices as tradeoffs shows there is an opportunity cost of a choice.
The opportunity cost of something is the highest-valued alternative that must
be given up to get it. So, for instance, the opportunity cost of being in
school is all the good things that you can’t afford and don’t have the spare
time to enjoy.
Students like the “Dr. Suess Version”: Opportunity cost is the thing you
would have done if you did not do what you did.

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

 WHAT IS ECONOMICS? 7

What is the Opportunity Cost of Getting a College Degree?

When the students calculate their opportunity cost of being in school, be
sure they place a value on their leisure time lost to studying on weekends
and evenings. Most students are shaken when they realize that when lost
leisure time and income is included in their calculations, the opportunity
cost of a college degree approaches $200,000 or more. Don’t leave them
hanging here though. Mention that a college education does yield a high
rate of financial return over.

To ensure that people do not die of any serious side effects, the Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) requires all drug companies to thoroughly test
newly developed medicines before allowing them to be sold in the United
States. However, it takes many years to perform these tests and many people
suffering from the terminal diseases these new medicines are designed to
cure will die before good new medicines are eventually approved for use.
Yet, if the FDA were to abandon this testing process, many others would die
from the serious side effects of those bad medicines that made it to
market. People’s lives will be at risk under either policy alternative.
This stark example of a tradeoff reveals the idea that choices have
opportunity costs.

How Much? Choosing at the Margin

 Making choices at the margin means looking at the trade-offs that
arise from making small changes in an activity. People make choices at
the margin by comparing the benefit from a small change in an activity
(which is the marginal benefit) to the cost of making a small change in
an activity (which is the marginal cost).
 Changes in marginal benefits and marginal costs alter the incentives
that we face when making choices. When incentives change, people’s
decisions change.
 For example, if homework assignments are weighed more heavily in a
class’s final grade, the marginal benefit of completing homework
assignments has increased and more students will do the homework.

Choices Respond to Incentives

 Economists take human nature as given and view people acting in their
self-interest.
 Self-interest actions are not necessarily selfish actions.

Self interest can be said to be in the eye of the beholder. Thus, covering
the next portion on positive versus normative analysis can be crucial to
the student’s understanding how economic agents act in their own self-
interests, but perhaps not (and often not) in other’s self-interest.

IV. Economics as Social Science and Policy Tool

Economist as Social Scientist
 Economists distinguish between positive statements and normative
statements. A positive statement is about “what is” and is testable. A
normative statement is about “what ought to be” and is an opinion and
so is inherently not testable. A positive statement is “Raising the
tax on a gallon of gasoline will raise the price of gasoline and lead

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

8 CHAPTER 1

more people to buy smaller cars” while a normative statement is “The

tax on a gallon of gasoline should be raised.”
 Economists tend to agree on positive statements, though they might
disagree on normative statements.
 An economic model describes some aspect of the economic world that
includes only those features needed for the purpose at hand. Economic
models describe the economic world in the same way that a road map
explains the road system: Both focus on only what is important and
both are abstract depictions of the real world.
 Testing an economic model can be difficult, given we observe the
outcomes of the simultaneous operation of many factors. So, economists
use the following to copy with the problem:
 Natural experiment: A situation that arises in the ordinary course
of economic life in which the one factor of interest is different
and other things are equal or similar.
 Statistical Investigation: A statistical investigation might look
for the correlation of two variables, to see if there is some
tendency for the two variables to move in a predictable and related
way (e.g. cigarette smoking and lung cancer).
 Economic Experiment: Putting people in a decision-making situation
and varying the influence of one factor at a time to see how they
respond.
Economic Model vs. the General Lee Car Model
When I was a kid, I had a plastic model car that I put together that was
from Dukes of Hazard television show (you can insert your own “model” as
you’d like). Tell the students, “Even though we all know the model car is
not a “real” car, it does give us insights into what the real car is like.
You have number on the door, the confederate flag on top, the proportions
are correct and if you lift the little hood you can see what a V8 engine
looks like”. An economic model is similar in that it gives us a glimpse of
reality under some certain assumptions and although it is not reality it
gives us insights about reality.

Economist as Policy Adviser

 Economics is useful. It is a toolkit for advising governments and
businesses and for making personal decisions.
 For a given goal, economics provides a method of evaluating
alternative solutions— comparing marginal benefits and marginal costs
and finding the solution that makes the best use of the available
resources.

The success of a model is judged by its ability to predict. Help your

student’s appreciate that no matter how appealing or “realistic looking” a
model appears to be, it is useless if it fails to predict. And the
converse, no matter how abstract or far removed from reality a model
appears to be, if it predicts well, it is valuable.
Milton Friedman’s Pool Hall example illustrates the point nicely. Imagine a
physicist’s model that predicts where a carefully placed shot of a pool
shark would go as he tries to sink the eight ball into the corner pocket.
The model would be a complex, trigonometric equation involving a plethora
of Greek symbols that no ordinary person would even recognize as
representing a pool shot. It certainly wouldn’t depict what we actually
see—a pool stick striking a pool cue on a rectangular patch of green felt.

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

 WHAT IS ECONOMICS? 9

It wouldn’t even reflect the thought processes of the pool shark that
relies on years of experience and the right “touch.” Yet, constructed
correctly, this mathematical model would predict exactly where the cue ball
would strike the eight ball, hit opposite the bank, and fall into the
corner pocket. (You can easily invent analogous examples from any sport.)

V. Economists in the Economy

Jobs for an Economics Major
 Economists work for private firms, governments, and international
organizations. Some have a bachelor’s degree, while others have a
master’s degree or a PhD.
 On their jobs, economists often collect and analyze data on production
and use of resources, goods, and services in order to predict future
trends or devise ways to use resources more efficiently.
 Economists have jobs as market research analysts, financial analysts,
and, less often, budget analysts. There were about 850,000 of these
jobs in the United States in 2014.

Will Jobs for Economics Majors Grow?

 The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has forecast that from 2014 to
2024, jobs for PhD economists will grow 6 percent; jobs for budget
analysts will grow by only 2 percent; but jobs for financial analysts
will grow by 12 percent; and jobs for market research analysts will
grow by 19 percent.

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

10 CHAPTER 1

Additional Problems
1. You plan a major adventure trip for the summer. You won’t be able
to take your usual summer job that pays $6,000, and you won’t be
able to live at home for free. The cost of your travel
accomodations on the trip will be $3,000, gasoline will cost you
$200, and your food will cost $1,400. What is the opportunity
cost of taking this trip?
2. The university has built a new parking garage. There is always an
available parking spot, but it costs $1 per day. Before the new
garage was built, it usually took 15 minutes of cruising to find
a parking space. Compare the opportunity cost of parking in the
new garage with that in the old parking lot. Which is less costly
and by how much?

Solutions to Additional Problems

1. The opportunity cost of taking this trip is $10,600. The opportunity
cost of taking the trip is the highest-valued activity that you will
give up so that you can go on the trip. In taking the trip, you will
forgo all the goods and services that you could have bought with the
income from your summer job ($6,000) plus the expenditure on travel
accommodations ($3,000), gasoline ($200), and food ($1,400).
2. The opportunity cost of parking before the building of the new parking
garage is the highest-valued activity that you forgo by spending 15
minutes parking your car. The opportunity cost of parking in the new
parking garage is $1 that you could have spent elsewhere. If the
opportunity cost of 15 minutes spent parking your car is greater than
the opportunity cost of $1, then the new parking garage is less costly.

Additional Discussion Questions

1. Why are economists so concerned about the material aspects of
life? Explain that this is a myth! Economists are often
criticized for focusing on material well-being because of the
general public’s view that economics is about money. Explain that
there are economists that research social and emotional (or
spiritual) aspects of life. You may also add that these parts of
life often depend heavily on attaining material well-being. You
may want to reference the Economic Freedom Index
(www.freetheworld.com) and its explanatory power on issues of
world hunger and poverty. Ask them to consider the need for life-
enhancing goods and services such as health care or education to
support spiritual or emotional well-being. Ask how protestors
would be able to voice their opinions without low-cost air travel
and the power of the Internet to coordinate the activities of
hundreds of protesters. (Be careful not to seem to be either
condoning or condemning these activities.) Most students will
begin to see that the more efficient we are at producing material

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 WHAT IS ECONOMICS? 11

prosperity, the more time and opportunity everyone has to promote

emotional (or spiritual) goals.
2. Mini Case Study Illustrating How Economists Use Modeling:
Women are unfairly underpaid when compared to men. Ask your
students whether this statement is positive or normative. Mention
that the media frequently reports that the average woman gets
paid only 3/4 the wages of the average man. Is this “fact” a
sufficient test of the positive statement?
If women were paid more than men in one or two professions (like
professional modeling or elementary teaching) is that sufficient
evidence to conclude that women in general are not underpaid when
compared to men? Ask the students to think about how to properly
test the model. Are these counter examples enough to discard the
idea that women are underpaid?
What would you take into account when you collected data to
compare women’s salaries versus men’s salaries? Remind the
students that any model directly comparing men’s and women’s
wages should control for any differences in wage-relevant
characteristics between working men and women. You can discuss
many different reasons why a gender wage gap can occur,
including:
 Women are underrepresented in higher paid occupations and are
overrepresented in lower paid occupations (the problem may not
be unequal pay but instead it may be unequal access to high
paying jobs (glass ceiling?);
 Women are underrepresented among those earning advanced
degrees, though mostly among older age cohorts (U.S. Bureau of
Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, Vol. 45, January,
1998). Here the problem here might not be unequal pay but
unequal access to higher education;
 Women have relatively less occupational-specific work
experience and have relatively less unbroken work experience,
as many women struggle between pursuing a career and raising a
family. For example, one study found that women who were not
mothers earned 90 percent of men’s salaries, whereas those who
were mothers earned only 77 percent (Waldfogel, “Understanding
the ‘Family Gap’ in Pay for Women with Children,” Journal of
Economic Perspectives, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1998).
Does it further the public interest (and the interests of women
workers specifically) to propagate normative statements about
wage inequality based on statistics without taking account of all
relevant factors? Summarize the discussion by noting that
economic studies have indeed found evidence that a gender gap in
wages exists in the United States, even after controlling for all
known relevant factors. However, the gender wage gap is much less
than the 1/3 number often quoted by the media, and has been
decreasing significantly over the last few decades (Blau, “Trends
in the Well Being of American Women, 1970-1995,” Journal of

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

12 CHAPTER 1

Economic Literature, Vol. 36, No.1, March 1998). Get the students
to see how properly applying the science of economics to social
issues helps us strip away inflammatory rhetoric and examine the
problem carefully and objectively.

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

 WHAT IS ECONOMICS? 13

Chapter 1 Appendix, Graphs in Economics

Lecture Notes
Goggle Theory
Explain to students that you are going to ask them to use three sets of
goggles to view math in the course. I have found this to be a great tool
for students to understand why we present data in different ways.
1. Equation Goggles: Write an equation in slope-intercept form and explain
that this is one way to show relationships between two variables. I like
to use X and Y for this one and then quickly explain that economics is
much more fun than math because we may be talking about X-rays and Yo-
Yo’s. This helps some students break the barrier early on what
“variable” means.
2. Graphing Goggles: Work through a graph of the equation you wrote
highlighting slope and intercept. Indicate that this may be a Demand or
Supply curve for instance.
3. Now you can explain that they will see all three of these forms of math
at different times during the course and it is important for them to
understand that you can move between all three anytime. We usually have
it shown just one way for convenience. It is also fun during lecture to
say, “I need you to pull out your graphing goggles.”

I. Graphing Data
 Graphs are valuable tools that clarify what otherwise might be obscure
relationships.
 Graphs represent “quantity” as a distance. Two-variable graphs use two
perpendicular scale lines. The vertical line is the y-axis. The
horizontal line is the x-axis. The zero point in common to both axes
is the origin.
 Scatter diagram—a graph that plots the value of one variable on the x-
axis and the value of the associated variable on the y-axis. A scatter
diagram can make clear the relationship between two variables.

II. Graphs Used in Economic Models

 Graphs are used to show the relationship between variables. Graphs can
immediately convey the relationship between the variables:
 A positive relationship (or direct relationship)—when the variable on the x-
axis increases the variable on the y-axis increases. A straight
line is a linear relationship.
 A negative relationship (or inverse relationship)—when the variable on the
x-axis increases, the variable on the y-axis decreases.
 A maximum or a minimum—when the variable has a highest or lowest
value.

III. The Slope of a Relationship

 The slope of a curve equals the change in the value of the variable on
the vertical axis at the point where the slope is being calculated
divided by the change in the value of the variable on the horizontal
axis at the relevant point.

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

14 CHAPTER 1

 In terms of symbols, the slope equals y/x, with  standing for

“change in.”
 The slope of a straight line is constant. The slope is positive if the
variables are positively related and negative if the variables are
negatively related.
 The slope of a curved line at a point equals the slope of the straight
line that is tangent to the curved line at the point.
 The slope of a curved line across an arc equals the slope of a straight
line between the two points on the curved line.

IV. Graphing Relationships Among More Than Two Variables

 A. When a relationship involves more than two variables, we can
plot the relationship between two of the variables by holding
other variables constant.

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Exploring the Variety of Random
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 A List of

SAMPSON LOW & CO.'S

NEW WORKS.

A BIOGRAPHY of ADMIRAL SIR B.P.V. BROKE, Bart., K.C.B. By the

Rev. John G. Brighton, Rector of Kent Town. Dedicated by
express permission to His Royal Highness Prince Alfred. 8vo.,
price 20s.
THE GREAT SCHOOLS of ENGLAND. A History of the Foundation,
Endowments, and Discipline of the chief Seminaries of
Learning in England; including Eton, Winchester,
Westminster, St. Paul's, Charterhouse, Merchant Taylors',
Harrow, Rugby, Shrewsbury, &c.; with notices of
distinguished Scholars. By Howard Staunton, Esq. With
numerous Illustrations. 8vo., handsomely bound in cloth,
price 12s.
"The book is as full of solid matter as of gossiping narrative and
pleasant anecdote. As a handbook to our great schools Mr. Staunton's
volume will have a wide class of readers."—Athenæum.

SOCIAL LIFE of the CHINESE; with some Account of their

Religion, Government, Educational, and Business Customs
and Opinions. By the Rev. J. Doolittle, Fourteen Years
Member of the Fuhchou Mission of the American Board. With
150 Illustrations. 3 vols. 8vo., 24s.
"We have no hesitation in saying that from these pages may be
gathered more information about the social life of the Chinese than can
be obtained from any other source. The importance of the work as a key
 to a right understanding of the character of so vast a portion of the
human race ought to insure it an extensive circulation."—Athenæum.

CAPTAIN HALL'S LIFE with the ESQUIMAUX. New and Cheaper

Edition, with Coloured Engravings and upwards of 100
Woodcuts. With a Map. Price 7s. 6d., cloth extra. Forming
the cheapest and most popular Edition of a work on Arctic
Life and Exploration ever published.
"This is a very remarkable book; and unless we very much
misunderstand both him and his book, the author is one of those men of
whom great nations do well to be proud."—Spectator.

THE CRUISE of the FROLIC. By W. H. G. Kingston. A Story for

Young Yacht-loving People. Illustrated Edition, price 5s.
"Who does not welcome Mr. W.H.G. Kingston? Here he is again with
an admirable boys' book. If boys do not love this book there is no truth
in boyhood, and no use in reviewing; it is just the book for a present."—
Illustrated Times.

UNDER the WAVES; or, the Hermit Crab in Society. A Book for the
Seaside. 3s. 6d.; or gilt edges, 4s.
"This is one of the best books we know of to place in the hands of
young and intelligent persons during a visit to the seaside."—Reader.

A WALK from LONDON to the LAND'S END; with Notes by the

Way. By Elihu Burritt. With Illustrations. 8vo., price 12s.
A WALK from LONDON to JOHN O'GROAT'S. By the same Author.
A New and Cheaper Edition. Price 6s.
ESSAYS by MONTAIGNE. Choicely printed. With Vignette Portrait.
Small post 8vo., price 6s.
A SECOND SERIES of the GENTLE LIFE. Uniform with the First
Series. Second Edition. Small post, price 6s.
THE GENTLE LIFE; Essays on the Formation of Character of
Gentlemen and Gentlewomen. Sixth Edition. Price 6s.
LIKE UNTO CHRIST. A New Translation of the 'De Imitatione
Christi,' usually ascribed to Thomas à Kempis. Beautifully
printed on toned paper, with a Vignette, from an Original
Drawing by Sir Thomas Lawrence. 12mo. cloth extra, price
6s.; or, handsomely bound in calf antique, 12s.
BEES and BEE-KEEPING. By the 'Times Beemaster.' A Manual for all
who Keep, or wish to Keep, Bees. With numerous
Illustrations. Crown 8vo. cloth, 5s.
"Few letters that have appeared in these columns have been more
popular than those addressed to us by the Beemaster. We do not wish to
detract from this praise in saying that they were popular because the
subject is popular. Bees have always been interesting to mankind, and no
man of ordinary intelligence can describe in any detail their natural
history without unfolding a little romance—a kind of fairy annals, that fills
us with wonder and insures our attention. But our friend the Beemaster
has the knack of exposition, and knows how to tell a story well; over and
above which, he tells a story so that thousands can take a practical and
not merely a speculative interest in it."—Times.

LONDON: SAMPSON LOW, SON, & MARSTON,

MILTON HOUSE, LUDGATE HILL.
 A List of Books
PUBLISHING BY

SAMPSON LOW, SON, and MARSTON.

MILTON HOUSE, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON.

⁂ When the price is not given, the work was not ready at the time
of issuing this list.
[February 1, 1866.

NEW ILLUSTRATED WORKS.

HE GREAT SCHOOLS OF ENGLAND. A History
of the Foundation, Endowments, and
Discipline of the chief Seminaries of
Learning in England; including Eton,
Winchester, Westminster, St. Paul's,
Charterhouse, Merchant Taylors', Harrow,
Rugby, Shrewsbury, &c; with notices of
distinguished Scholars. By Howard
Staunton, Esq. With numerous
Illustrations. One volume 8vo.,
handsomely bound in cloth, price 12s.
"The book is as full of solid matter as of gossiping narrative and
pleasant anecdote. As a handbook to our great schools Mr. Staunton's
 volume will have a wide class of readers."—Athenæum.
"Cannot fail to be interesting to all fathers and mothers, and it
appeals to the sympathies of everyone who has been a boy, and has
been educated at a public school. Good store of anecdote, amusing and
pathetic, has been provided; and the exquisite letters written to the
famous poet, soldier, and gentleman, Sir Philip Sydney, by his father and
mother, when the future 'Scipio, Cicero, and Petrarch of his time' was a
boy at Shrewsbury, are wonderfully moving, and worthy of the attention
of every father, every mother, and every son."—Illustrated London News.
"The work is so full of practical information on the details of school
life at these great foundations that it may be regarded as a guide book
to all who contemplate sending their sons thither. For all such the volume
must have a solid value, as enabling them to compare the several
systems prevailing at different places, and to determine beforehand
which offers the greatest advantages. The subject, however, is
interesting to all intelligent Englishmen, and the book has, therefore, a
general attraction beyond the circle which it specially addresses."—
London Review.

The Pleasures of Memory. By Samuel Rogers. Illustrated with

Twenty Designs, forming a volume of "Cundall's Choice of
Choice Books." Small 4to. price 5s.
The Divine and Moral Songs of Dr. Watts: a New and very choice
Edition. Illustrated with One Hundred Woodcuts in the first
style of the Art, from Original Designs by Eminent Artists;
engraved by J. D. Cooper. Small 4to. cloth extra, price 7s.
6d.
Pictures of Society, Grave and Gay; comprising One Hundred
Engravings on Wood, from the Pictures of Eminent Artists;
including J. E. Millais, A.R.A., F. W. Pickersgill, R.A., C. W.
Cope, R.A., J. D. Watson, George Thomas, Marcus Stone, &c.
Illustrated by the Pens of Popular Authors; including Mrs. S.
C. Hall, E. K. Harvey, Barry Cornwall, Tom Hood, Edward
Levein, Noel Jones, Cuthbert Bede, J. H. Friswell, Walter
Thornbury, &c. Beautifully printed by Messrs. Dalziel
Brothers. Handsomely bound in cloth, with an elaborate and
 novel Design, by Messrs. Leighton and Co. Royal 8vo. price
One Guinea.
The Twenty-Third Psalm: with richly-coloured Emblematic
Borders. Small 4to. bevelled boards, price 12s.
The Three Kings of Orient: a Christmas Carol. Illuminated. Small
4to. Bevelled boards, price 12s.
Christ was Born on Christmas Day: a Carol. With Illustrations by
John A. Hows. Illustrated and illuminated. Small 4to.
bevelled boards, price 12s.
An Entirely New Edition of Edgar A. Poe's Poems. Illustrated by
Eminent Artists. Small 4to. cloth extra, price 10s. 6d.
Poems of the Inner Life. Selected chiefly from Modern Authors,
by permission. Small 8vo. 6s. Choicely printed.
A History of Lace, from the Earliest Period; with upwards of One
Hundred Illustrations and Coloured Designs. By Mrs. Bury
Palliser. One volume, 8vo. choicely bound in cloth. 31s. 6d.
Pictures of English Life; illustrated by Ten folio page Illustrations
on wood, by J. D. Cooper, after Drawings by R. Barnes and
E. M. Whimperis, with appropriate descriptive Poems, printed
in floreated borders. Imperial folio, cloth extra, 14s.
"This handsome volume is entirely in the English taste."—Spectator.
"Pictures that do you good to look at them."—Illustrated Times.
"An elegant volume, containing speaking pictures that might have
owned the parentage of Gainsborough or Morland; thoroughly national in
character and detail."—Reader.

Pictures for the People: the same Engravings beautifully printed

on thick paper. Adapted by their price to the adornment of
Cottage walls, and by their artistic beauty to the Drawing-
room Portfolio. One Shilling each.
Favourite English Poems. Complete Edition. Comprising a
Collection of the most celebrated Poems in the English
Language, with but one or two exceptions unabridged, from
Chaucer to Tennyson. With 300 Illustrations by the first
Artists. Two vols. royal 8vo. half bound, top gilt, Roxburgh
style, 1l. 18s.; antique calf, 3l. 3s.
⁂ Either Volume sold separately as distinct works. 1. "Early
English Poems, Chaucer to Dyer." 2. "Favourite English
Poems, Thomson to Tennyson." Each handsomely bound in
cloth, 1l. 1s.; or morocco extra, 1l. 15s.
"One of the choicest gift-books of the year. "Favourite English Poems"
is not a toy book, to be laid for a week on the Christmas table and then
thrown aside with the sparkling trifles of the Christmas tree, but an
honest book, to be admired in the season of pleasant remembrances for
its artistic beauty; and, when the holydays are over, to be placed for
frequent and affectionate consultation on a favourite shelf."—Athenæum.

Schiller's Lay of the Bell. Sir E. Bulwer Lytton's translation;

beautifully illustrated by forty-two wood Engravings, drawn
by Thomas Scott, and engraved by J. D. Cooper, after the
Etchings by Retszch. Oblong 4to. cloth extra, 14s.
"A very elegant and classic Christmas present."—Guardian.
"The work is a standard picture-book, and of its success there can be
no doubt."—Examiner.

The Poetry of Nature. Selected and Illustrated with Thirty-six

Engravings by Harrison Weir. Small 4to. handsomely bound
in cloth, gilt edges, 12s.; morocco, 1l. 1s.
A New Edition of Choice Editions of Choice Books. Illustrated by
C. W. Cope, R.A., T. Creswick, R.A., Edward Duncan, Birket
Foster, J. C. Horsley, A.R.A., George Hicks, R. Redgrave, R.A.,
C. Stonehouse, F. Tayler, George Thomas, H. J. Townshend,
E. H. Wehnert, Harrison Weir, &c. Crown 8vo. cloth, 5s.
each; bevelled boards, 5s. 6d.; or, in morocco, gilt edges,
10s. 6d.
Bloomfield's Farmer's Boy.
 Campbell's Pleasures of Hope.
Cundall's Elizabethan Poetry.
Coleridge's Ancient Mariner.
Goldsmith's Deserted Village.
Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield.
Gray's Elegy in a Churchyard.
Keat's Eve of St. Agnes.
Milton's l'Allegro.
Roger's Pleasures of Memory.
Shakespeare's Songs and Sonnets.
Tennyson's May Queen.
Wordsworth's Pastoral Poems.
"Such works are a glorious beatification for a poet. Such works as
these educate townsmen, who, surrounded by dead and artificial things,
as country people are by life and nature, scarcely learn to look at nature
till taught by these concentrated specimens of her beauty."—Athenæum.

LITERATURE, WORKS OF REFERENCE, AND

EDUCATION.
HE English Catalogue of Books: giving the
date of publication of every book
published from 1835 to 1863, in addition
to the title, size, price, and publisher, in
one alphabet. An entirely new work,
combining the Copyrights of the "London
Catalogue" and the "British Catalogue."
One thick volume of 900 pages, half
morocco, 45s.
Like unto Christ. A new translation of the De
Imitatione Christi, usually ascribed to
Thomas à Kempis—forming a volume of
The Gentle Life Series. Small post 8vo. 6s.
The Gentle Life: Essays in Aid of the Formation of Character of
Gentlemen and Gentlewomen. Small post 8vo. Seventh
Edition, 6s.
A Second Volume of the Gentle Life. Uniform with the First
Series. Second Edition, 6s.
About in the World: Essays uniform with, and by the author of
"The Gentle Life." Small post 8vo. 6s.
Essays by Montaigne. With Vignette Portrait. Small post 8vo. 6s.
Familiar Words; an Index Verborum, or Dictionary of Quotation of
Sentences and Phrases which have become embedded in our
English tongue. Second Edition, revised and enlarged. Post
8vo.
[Shortly.
"Not only the most extensive dictionary of quotations which we have
yet met with, but it has, moreover, this additional merit, that in all cases
an exact reference is given to every chapter, act, scene, book, and
number of the line."—Notes and Queries.

The Complete Poetical Works of John Milton, with a Life of the

Author: and a Verbal Index containing upwards of 20,000
references to all the Poems. By Charles Dexter Cleveland.
New Edition. 8vo. 12s.; morocco, 21s.
Life Portraits of Shakspeare; with an Examination of the
Authenticity, and a History of the various Representations of
the Poet. By J. H. Friswell, Member of the National
Shakspeare Committee. Illustrated by Photographs of
authentic and received Portraits. Square 8vo. 21s.; or with
Photograph of the Will, 25s.
Memoirs of the Life of William Shakespeare. With an Essay
toward the Expression of his Genius, and an Account of the
Rise and Progress of the English Drama. By Richard Grant
White. Post 8vo. cloth, 10s. 6d.
Her Majesty's Mails: a History of the Post Office, and an
Industrial Account of its Present Condition. By Wm. Lewins,
of the General Post Office. 2nd edition, revised, and
enlarged, with a Photographic Portrait of Sir Rowland Hill.
Small post 8vo. 6s.
"A book we strongly recommend to those who wish to be fully
informed on the subject, as an interesting and generally accurate
account of the history and working of the Post Office."—Edinburgh
Review.
"Will take its stand as a really useful book of reference on the history
of the Post. We heartily recommend it as a thoroughly careful
performance."—Saturday Review.

A History of Banks for Savings; including a full account of the

origin and progress of Mr. Gladstone's recent prudential
measures. By William Lewins, Author of 'Her Majesty's Mails.'
With a Photograph of the Chancellor of the Exchequer. 8vo.
cloth.
Varia: Rare Readings from Scarce Books. Reprinted by permission
from the Saturday Review and Spectator. Beautifully printed
by Whittingham. Fcap. cloth.
The Origin and History of the English Language, and of the early
literature it embodies. By the Hon. George P. Marsh, U. S.
Minister at Turin, Author of "Lectures on the English
Language." 8vo. cloth extra, 16s.
Lectures on the English Language; forming the Introductory
Series to the foregoing Work. By the same Author. 8vo.
Cloth, 16s. This is the only author's edition.
Man and Nature; or, Physical Geography as Modified by Human
Action. By George P. Marsh, Author of "Lectures on the
English Language," &c. 8vo. cloth, 14s.
"Mr. Marsh traces the history of human industry as shown in the
extensive modification and extirpation of animal and vegetable life in the
woods, the waters, and the sands; and, in a concluding chapter, he
 discusses the probable and possible geographical changes yet to be
wrought. The whole of Mr. Marsh's book is an eloquent showing of the
duty of care in the establishment of harmony between man's life and the
forces of nature, so as to bring to their highest points the fertility of the
soil, the vigour of the animal life, and the salubrity of the climate, on
which we have to depend for the physical well-being of mankind."—
Examiner.

English and Scotch Ballads, &c. An extensive Collection. Designed

as a Complement to the Works of the British Poets, and
embracing nearly all the Ancient and Traditionary Ballads
both of England and Scotland, in all the important varieties
of form in which they are extant, with Notices of the kindred
Ballads of other Nations. Edited by F. J. Child, new Edition,
revised by the Editor. 8 vols. fcap. cloth, 3s. 6d. each.
The Handy-book of Patent and Copyright Law, English and
Foreign. By James Fraser, Esq. Post 8vo. cloth, 4s. 6d.
A Concise Summary of the Law of English and French Copyright
Law and International Law, by Peter Burke. 12mo. 5s.
Index to the Subjects of Books published in the United Kingdom
during the last Twenty Years—1837-1857. Containing as
many as 74,000 references under subjects, so as to ensure
immediate reference to the books on the subject required,
each giving title, price, publisher, and date. Two valuable
Appendices are also given—A, containing full lists of all
Libraries, Collections, Series, and Miscellanies—and B, a List
of Literary Societies, Printing Societies, and their Issues. One
vol. royal 8vo. Morocco, 1l. 6s.
The American Catalogue, or English Guide to American
Literature; giving the full title of original Works published in
the United States of America since the year 1800, with
especial reference to the works of interest to Great Britain,
with the size, price, place, date of publication, and London
prices. With comprehensive Index. 8vo. 2s. 6d. Also
Supplement, 1837-60. 8vo. 6d.
Dr. Worcester's New and Greatly Enlarged Dictionary of the
English Language. Adapted for Library or College Reference,
comprising 40,000 Words more than Johnson's Dictionary,
and 250 pages more than the Quarto Edition of Webster's
Dictionary. In one Volume, royal 4to. cloth, 1,834 pp. price
31s. 6d. The Cheapest Book ever published.
"The volumes before us show a vast amount of diligence; but with
Webster it is diligence in combination with fancifulness,—with Worcester
in combination with good sense and judgment. Worcester's is the
soberer and safer book, and may be pronounced the best existing
English Lexicon."—Athenæum, July 13, 1861.

The Publishers' Circular, and General Record of British and

Foreign Literature; giving a transcript of the title-page of
every work published in Great Britain, and every work of
interest published abroad, with lists of all the publishing
houses.
Published regularly on the 1st and 15th of every Month, and
forwarded post free to all parts of the world on payment of
8s. per annum.
The Ladies' Reader: with some Plain and Simple Rules and
Instructions for a good style of Reading aloud, and a variety
of Selections for Exercise. By George Vandenhoff, M.A.,
Author of "The Art of Elocution." Fcap. 8vo. Cloth, 5s.
The Clerical Assistant: an Elocutionary Guide to the Reading of
the Scriptures and the Liturgy, several passages being
marked for Pitch and Emphasis: with some Observations on
Clerical Bronchitus. By George Vandenhoff, M.A. Fcap. 8vo.
Cloth, 3s. 6d.
The Art of Elocution as an essential part of Rhetoric, with
instructions in Gesture, and an Appendix of Oratorical,
Poetical and Dramatic extracts. By George Vandenhoff, M.A.
Third Edition. 5s.
Latin-English Lexicon, by Dr. Andrews. 7th Edition. 8vo. 18s.
The superiority of this justly-famed Lexicon is retained over all
others by the fulness of its quotations, the including in the
vocabulary proper names, the distinguishing whether the
derivative is classical or otherwise, the exactness of the
references to the original authors, and in the price.
"Every page bears the impress of industry and care."—Athenæum.
"The best Latin Dictionary, whether for the scholar or advanced
student."—Spectator.
"We never saw such a book published at such a price."—Examiner.

The Farm and Fruit of Old. From Virgil. By a Market Gardener. 1s.
Usque ad Cœlum; or, the Dwellings of the People. By Thomas
Hare, Esq., Barrister-at-Law. Fcap. 1s.
Domestic Servants, their Duties and Rights. By a Barrister. 1s.
Signals of Distress, in Refuges and Houses of Charity; in
Industrial Schools and Reformatories; at Invalids' Dinner
Tables, and in the Homes of the Little Sisters of the Poor, &c.
&c.; among the Fallen, the Vicious, and the Criminal; where
Missionaries travel, and where Good Samaritans clothe the
naked. By Blanchard Jerrold, Author of "The Life of Douglas
Jerrold," &c. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d.
The Children of Lutetia; or, Life amongst the Poor of Paris. By
Blanchard Jerrold. 2 vols, post 8vo. cloth, 16s.
The Charities of London: an Account of the Origin, Operations,
and general Condition of the Charitable, Educational, and
Religious Institutions of London. With copious Index. Also an
Alphabetical Appendix corrected to May 1863. Fcap. cloth,
5s.
⁂ The latter also as a separate publication, forms "Low's Shilling
Guide to the Charities of London."
Prince Albert's Golden Precepts. Second Edition, with Photograph.
A Memorial of the Prince Consort; comprising Maxims and
Extracts from Addresses of His late Royal Highness. Many
now for the first time collected and carefully arranged. With
an Index. Royal 16mo. beautifully printed on toned paper,
cloth, gilt edges, 2s. 6d.
Our Little Ones in Heaven: Thoughts in Prose and Verse, selected
from the Writings of favourite Authors; with Frontispiece
after Sir Joshua Reynolds. Fcap. 8vo. cloth extra, 3s. 6d.

NEW BOOKS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE.

HE GREAT FUN TOY BOOKS: a Series of Eight
New One Shilling Story Books for Young
People. By Thomas Hood and Thomas
Archer. Each illustrated by Six of Edward
Wehnert's well-known Great Fun Pictures.
Printed in colours, with an appropriate
Cover by Charles Bennett.
The Cherry-coloured Cat and her Three
Friends.
The Live Rocking-Horse.
Master Mischief and Miss Meddle.
Cousin Nellie's Stories after School.
Harry High-Stepper.
Grandmamma's Spectacles.
How the House was Built.
Dog Toby and Artistical Arthur.

The Frog's Parish Clerk; and his Adventures in strange Lands. A

Tale for young folk. By Thomas Archer. Numerous
Illustrations. Small post 8vo. 5s.
Choice Editions of Children's Fairy Tales. Each illustrated with
highly-finished Coloured Pictures in facsimile of Water-colour
 Drawings. Square, cloth extra, price 3s. 6d. each.
Cinderella and the Glass Slipper.
Puss in Boots.
Beauty and the Beast.

Under the Waves; or the Hermit Crab in Society. By Annie E.

Ridley. Impl. 16mo. cloth extra, with coloured illustration.
Cloth, 4s.; gilt edges, 4s. 6d.
"This is one of the best books we know of to place in the hands of
young and intelligent persons during a visit to the seaside."—Reader.

Also beautifully Illustrated:—

Little Bird Red and Little Bird Blue. Coloured, 5s.
Snow-Flakes, and what they told the Children. Coloured, 5s.
Child's Book of the Sagacity of Animals. 5s.; coloured, 7s.
6d.
Child's Picture Fable Book. 5s.; or coloured, 7s. 6d.
Child's Treasury of Story Books. 5s.; or coloured, 7s. 6d.
The Nursery Playmate. 200 Pictures. 5s.; coloured, 9s.

The Boy's Own Book of Boats. By W. H. G. Kingston. Illustrations

by E. Weedon, engraved by W. J. Linton. Fcap. 8vo. cloth,
5s.
"This well-written, well-wrought book."—Athenæum.

How to Make Miniature Pumps and a Fire-Engine: a Book for

Boys. With Seven Illustrations. Fcap. 8vo. 1s.
The Cruise of the Frolic. By W. H. G. Kingston. Illustrated. Large
fcap. 8vo. cloth, 5s.
"Who does not welcome Mr. W. H. G. Kingston? Here he is again with
an admirable boys' book. If boys do not love this book, there is no truth
in boyhood, and no use in reviewing; it is just the book for a present."—
Illustrated Times.

Also by the same Author, well illustrated,

The Boy's Own Book of Boats. Illustrated by Weedon. 5s.
 Ernest Bracebridge; or, the Boy's Book of Sports. 5s.
Jack Buntline: the Life of a Sailor Boy. 2s.
The Fire Ships.
[Shortly.
Golden Hair; a Story for Young People. By Sir Lascelles Wraxall,
Bart. With Eight full page Illustrations, 5s.
"Full of incident and adventure, and sure to please boys home from
school quite as much as his 'Black Panther' of last year."—Reader.
"A thoroughly good boy's book; the story is full of incident and always
moves on."—Spectator.

Also, same price, full of Illustrations:—

Black Panther: a Boy's Adventures among the Red Skins.
Life among the Indians. By George Catlin.
The Voyage of the Constance. By Mary Gillies.
Stanton Grange. By the Rev. C. J. Atkinson.
Boyhood of Martin Luther. By Henry Mayhew.
Stories of the Woods. From Cooper's Tales.
The Story of Peter Parley's own Life.

Noodle-doo. By the Author of "The Stories that Little Breeches

told." With 16 large Engravings on Steel. Plain, 5s.; coloured,
7s. 6d.
"Among all the Christmas bookmen Mr. Charles Bennett ranks first,
for he who best pleases children has the best right to priority in a notice
of Christmas books, and to all his productions we venture to prefer
'Noodle-doo;' it will make the youngsters crow again with delight."—
Standard.

Also, now ready, same size and price, and full of Illustrations.
Great Fun for our Little Friends. By Harriet Myrtle.
More Fun for our Little Friends. By the same Author.
The Book of Blockheads. By Charles Bennett.
The Stories that Little Breeches told. By the same Author.
Mr. Wind and Madame Rain. Illustrated by Charles Bennett.
Paul Duncan's Little by Little; a Tale for Boys. Edited by Frank
Freeman. With an Illustration by Charles Keene. Fcap. 8vo.
cloth 2s.; gilt edges, 2s. 6d. Also, same price,
Boy Missionary; a Tale for Young People. By Mrs. J. M.
Parker.
Difficulties Overcome. By Miss Brightwell.
The Babes in the Basket: a Tale in the West Indian
Insurrection.
Jack Buntline; the Life of a Sailor Boy. By W. H. G. Kingston.

The Swiss Family Robinson; or, the Adventures of a Father and

Mother and Four Sons on a Desert Island. With Explanatory
Notes and Illustrations. First and Second Series. New
Edition, complete in one volume, 3s. 6d.
Geography for my Children. By Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe.
Author of "Uncle Tom's Cabin," &c. Arranged and Edited by
an English Lady, under the Direction of the Authoress. With
upwards of Fifty Illustrations. Cloth extra, 4s. 6d.
Stories of the Woods; or, the Adventures of Leather-Stocking: A
Book for Boys, compiled from Cooper's Series of "Leather-
Stocking Tales." Fcap. cloth, Illustrated, 5s.
"I have to own that I think the heroes of another writer, viz. 'Leather-
Stocking,' 'Uncas,' 'Hard Heart,' 'Tom Coffin,' are quite the equals of Sir
Walter Scott's men;—perhaps 'Leather-Stocking' is better than any one in
Scott's lot."—W. M. Thackeray.

Child's Play. Illustrated with Sixteen Coloured Drawings by E. V.

B., printed in fac-simile by W. Dickes' process, and
ornamented with Initial Letters. New edition, with India
paper tints, royal 8vo. cloth extra, bevelled cloth, 7s. 6d. The
Original Edition of this work was published at One Guinea.
Child's Delight. Forty-two Songs for the Little Ones, with forty-
two Pictures. 1s.; coloured, 2s. 6d.
Goody Platts, and her Two Cats. By Thomas Miller. Fcap. 8vo.
cloth, 1s.
Little Blue Hood: a Story for Little People. By Thomas Miller, with
coloured frontispiece. Fcap. 8vo. cloth, 2s. 6d.
Mark Willson's First Reader. By the Author of "The Picture
Alphabet" and "The Picture Primer." With 120 Pictures. 1s.
The Picture Alphabet; or Child's First Letter Book. With new and
original Designs. 6d.
The Picture Primer. 6d.

HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY.

he Conspiracy of Count Fieschi: an Episode in
Italian History. By M. De Celesia.
Translated by David Hilton, Esq., Author of
a "History of Brigandage." With Portrait.
8vo.
[Shortly.
A Biography of Admiral Sir B. P. V. Broke, Bart.,
K.C.B. By the Rev. John Brighton, Rector
of Kent Town. Dedicated by express
permission to His Royal Highness Prince
Alfred.
[Shortly.
A History of Brigandage in Italy; with Adventures of the more
celebrated Brigands. By David Hilton, Esq. 2 vols, post 8vo.
cloth, 16s.
A History of the Gipsies, with Specimens of the Gipsy Language.
By Walter Simson. Post 8vo.
A History of West Point, the United States Military Academy and
its Military Importance. By Capt. E. C. Boynton, A. M. With
Plans and Illustrations. 8vo. 21s.
The Twelve Great Battles of England, from Hastings to Waterloo.
With Plans, fcap. 8vo. cloth extra, 3s. 6d.
George Washington's Life, by Washington Irving. 5 vols. royal
8vo. 12s. each Library Illustrated Edition. 5 vols. Imp. 8vo.
4l. 4s.
Plutarch's Lives. An entirely new Library Edition, carefully revised
and corrected, with some Original Translations by the Editor.
Edited by A. H. Clough, Esq. sometime Fellow of Oriel
College, Oxford, and late Professor of English Language and
Literature at University College. 5 vols. 8vo. cloth. 2l. 10s.
"Mr. Clough's work is worthy of all praise, and we hope that it will
tend to revive the study of Plutarch."—Times.

Life of John Adams, 2nd President of the United States, by C. F.

Adams. 8vo. 14s. Life and Works complete, 10 vols. 14s.
each.
Life and Administration of Abraham Lincoln. Fcap. 8vo. stiff cover,
1s.; with map, speeches, &c. crown 8vo. 3s. 6d.

TRAVEL AND ADVENTURE.

Walk from London to the Land's End. By Elihu
Burritt, Author of "A Walk from London to
John O'Groats:" with several Illustrations.
Large post 8vo. Uniform with the first
edition of "John O'Groats." 12s.
A Walk from London to John O'Groats. With
Notes by the Way. By Elihu Burritt. Second
 and cheaper edition. With Photographic
Portrait of the Author. Small post 8vo. 6s.
Social Life of the Chinese: with some account of their religious,
governmental, educational, and Business customs and
opinions. By the Rev. Justus Doolittle. With over 100
Illustrations, in two vols. Demy 8vo. cloth, 24s.
A Thousand Miles in the Rob Roy Canoe, or Rivers and Lakes of
Europe. By John Macgregor, M.A. With numerous
Illustrations. Post 8vo. cloth, 5s.
Captain Hall's Life with the Esquimaux. New and cheaper Edition,
with Coloured Engravings and upwards of 100 Woodcuts.
With a Map. Price 7s. 6d. cloth extra. Forming the cheapest
and most popular Edition of a work on Arctic Life and
Exploration ever published.
"This is a very remarkable book, and unless we very much
misunderstand both him and his book, the author is one of those men of
whom great nations do well to be proud."—Spectator.
"If Capt. Hall should survive the perils of the journey on which he is
now engaged, we are convinced he will bring home some news, be it
good or bad, about the Franklin expedition. He can hardly be expected
back before the autumn of 1866. But if he has gone he has left us his
vastly entertaining volumes, which contain much valuable information, as
we have said, concerning the Esquimaux tribes. These volumes are the
best that we have ever met with, concerning the people and things to be
found among 'the thick ribb'd ice.'"—Standard.
"The pen of Wilkie Collins would fail to describe in more life-like terms
of horror the episode of the cannibal crew escaped from a whaler who
boarded the 'George Henry' on the outward passage of that ship. We are
tempted to relate how an Innuit throws a summersault in the water in
his kyack, boat and all, and to introduce our readers to our Author's
dogs, including the famous Barbekerk; but we must pause, and refer to
this most interesting work itself, which will repay perusal."—Press.

A Winter in Algeria, 1863-4. By Mrs. George Albert Rogers. With

illustrations. 8vo. cloth, 12s.
Ten Days in a French Parsonage. By Rev. G. M. Musgrave. 2 vols.
post 8vo. 16s.
Turkey. By J. Lewis Farley, F.S.S., Author of "Two Years in Syria."
With Illustrations in Chromo-lithography, and a Portrait of His
Highness Fuad Pasha. 8vo.
[Shortly.
Letters on England. By Louis Blanc. 2 vols, post 8vo.
[Shortly.
House and Home in Belgium. By Blanchard Jerrold. Author of "At
Home in Paris." Post 8vo.
[Shortly.
The Story of the Great March: a Diary of General Sherman's
Campaign through Georgia and the Carolinas. By Brevet-
Major G. W. Nichols, Aide-de-Camp to General Sherman.
With a coloured Map and numerous Illustrations. 12mo.
cloth, price 7s. 6d.
Cape Cod. By Henry D. Thoreau. 12mo. cloth, 7s. 6d.
Arabian Days and Nights; or, Rays from the East: a Narrative. By
Marguerite A. Power. 1 vol. Post 8vo. 10s. 6d.
"Miss Power's book is thoroughly interesting and does much credit to
her talent for observation and description."—London Review.

Wild Scenes in South America; or, Life in the Llanos of Venezuela.

By Don Ramon Paez. Numerous Illustrations. Post 8vo. cloth,
10s. 6d.
After Icebergs with a Painter; a Summer's Voyage to Labrador. By
the Rev. Louis L. Noble. Post 8vo. with coloured plates, cloth,
10s. 6d.
The Prairie and Overland Traveller; a Companion for Emigrants,
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Plains and Prairies. By Capt. R. B. Marcey. Illustrated. Fcap.
8vo. cloth, 4s. 6d.
The States of Central America, by E. G. Squier. Cloth. 18s.
Home and Abroad (Second Series). A Sketch-book of Life, Men,
and Travel, by Bayard Taylor. With Illustrations, post 8vo.
cloth, 8s. 6d.
Northern Travel. Summer and Winter Pictures of Sweden,
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cloth, 8s. 6d.
Also by the same Author, each complete in 1 vol., with
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Central Africa; Egypt and the White Nile. 7s. 6d.
India, China, and Japan. 7s. 6d.
Palestine, Asia Minor, Sicily, and Spain. 7s. 6d.
Travels in Greece and Russia. With an Excursion to Crete. 7s.
6d.

INDIA, AMERICA, AND THE COLONIES.

History of the Discovery and Exploration of
Australia; or an Account of the Progress of
Geographical Discovery in that Continent,
from the Earliest Period to the Present
Day. By the Rev. Julian E. Tenison Woods,
F.R.G.S., &c., &c. 2 vols, demy 8vo. cloth,
28s.
The Confederation of the British North
American Provinces; their past History and
future Prospects; with a map, &c. By
Thomas Rawlings. 8vo. cloth, 5s.
Canada in 1864; a Hand-book for Settlers. By Henry T. N.
Chesshyre. Fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.
The Colony of Victoria: its History, Commerce, and Gold Mining:
its Social and Political Institutions, down to the End of 1863.
With Remarks, Incidental and Comparative, upon the other
Australian Colonies. By William Westgarth, Author of
"Victoria and the Gold Mines," &c. 8vo. with a Map, cloth,
16s.
Tracks of McKinlay and Party across Australia. By John Davis, one
of the Expedition. Edited from the MS. Journal of Mr. Davis,
with an Introductory View of the recent Explorations of
Stuart, Burke, Wills, Landsborough and others. By Wm.
Westgarth. With numerous Illustrations in chromo-
lithography, and Map. 8vo. cloth, 16s.
The Ordeal of Free Labour in the British West Indies. By William
G. Sewell. Post 8vo. cloth, 7s. 6d.
The Progress and Present State of British India; a Manual of
Indian History, Geography, and Finance, for general use;
based upon Official Documents, furnished under the
authority of Her Majesty's Secretary of State for India. By
Montgomery Martin, Esq., Author of a "History of the British
Colonies," &c. In one volume, post 8vo. cloth, 10s. 6d.
Colonial Essays. Translated from the Dutch, post 8vo. cloth, 6s.
The Cotton Kingdom: a Traveller's Observations on Cotton and
Slavery in America, based upon three former volumes of
Travels and Explorations. By Frederick Law Olmsted. With a
Map. 2 vols, post 8vo. 1l. 1s.
"Mr. Olmsted gives his readers a wealth of facts conveyed in a long
stream of anecdotes, the exquisite humour of many of them making
parts of his book as pleasant to read as a novel of the first class."—
Athenæum.

A History of the Origin, Formation, and Adoption of the

Constitution of the United States of America, with Notices of
 its Principal Framers. By George Ticknor Curtis, Esq. 2 vols.
8vo. Cloth, 1l. 4s.
"Mr. Curtis writes with dignity and vigour, and his work will be one of
permanent interest."—Athenæum.

The Principles of Political Economy applied to the Condition, the

Resources, and Institutions of the American People. By
Francis Bowen. 8vo. Cloth, 14s.
A History of New South Wales from the Discovery of New Holland
in 1616 to the present time. By the late Roderick Flanagan,
Esq., Member of the Philosophical Society of New South
Wales. 2 vols. 8vo. 24s.
Canada and its Resources. Two Prize Essays, by Hogan and
Morris. 7s., or separately, 1s. 6d. each, and Map, 3s.

SCIENCE AND DISCOVERY.

Dictionary of Photography, on the Basis of
Sutton's Dictionary. Rewritten by Professor
Dawson, of King's College, Editor of the
"Journal of Photography;" and Thomas
Sutton, B.A., Editor of "Photograph Notes."
8vo. with numerous Illustrations.
[Shortly.
The Physical Geography of the Sea and its
Meteorology; or, the Economy of the Sea
and its Adaptations, its Salts, its Waters,
its Climates, its Inhabitants, and whatever
there may be of general interest in its
Commercial Uses or Industrial Pursuits. By
Commander M. F. Maury, LL.D. Tenth
Edition, being the Second Edition of the
Author's revised and enlarged Work. Post
 8vo. cloth extra, 8s. 6d.; cheap edition,
small post 8vo. 5s.
This edition, as well as its immediate
predecessor, includes all the researches
and observations of the last three years,
and is copyright in England and on the
Continent.
"We err greatly if Lieut. Maury's book will not hereafter be classed
with the works of the great men who have taken the lead in extending
and improving knowledge and art; his book displays in a remarkable
degree, like the 'Advancement of Learning,' and the 'Natural History' of
Buffon, profound research and magnificent imagination."—Illustrated
London News.

The Structure of Animal Life. By Louis Agassiz. With 46 Diagrams.

8vo. cloth, 10s. 6d.
The Kedge Anchor; or, Young Sailor's Assistant, by William Brady.
Seventy Illustrations. 8vo. 16s.
Theory of the Winds, by Capt. Charles Wilkes. 8vo. cl. 8s. 6d.
Archaia; or, Studies of the Cosmogony and Natural History of the
Hebrew Scriptures. By Professor Dawson, Principal of McGill
College, Canada. Post 8vo. cloth, cheaper edition, 6s.
Ichnographs, from the Sandstone of the Connecticut River,
Massachusetts, U. S. A. By James Dean, M.D. One volume,
4to. with Forty-six Plates, cloth, 27s.
The Recent Progress of Astronomy, by Elias Loomis, LL.D. 3rd
Edition. Post 8vo. 7s. 6d.
An Introduction to Practical Astronomy, by the Same. 8vo. cloth.
8s.
Manual of Mineralogy, including Observations on Mines, Rocks,
Reduction of Ores, and the Application of the Science to the
Arts, with 260 Illustrations. Designed for the Use of Schools
 and Colleges. By James D. Dana, A.M., Author of a "System
of Mineralogy." New Edition, revised and enlarged. 12mo.
Half bound, 7s. 6d.
The Ocean Telegraph Cable; its Construction, &c. and
Submersion Explained. By W. Rowett. 8vo. cloth, 3s. 6d.
Cyclopædia of Mathematical Science, by Davies and Peck. 8vo.
Sheep. 18s.

TRADE, AGRICULTURE, DOMESTIC

ECONOMY, ETC.
ailway Practice, European and American;
comprising the economical generation of
Steam, the adaptation of Wood and Coke-
burning Engines to Coal Burning, and in
Permanent Way, including Road-bed,
Sleepers, Rails, Joint-fastenings, Street
Railways, &c. By Alexander L. Holley, Joint
Author of Colburn and Holley's "Permanent
Way," &c. Demy folio, with 77 Engravings,
half-morocco. 3l. 3s.
Hunt's Merchants' Magazine (Monthly). 2s. 6d.
The Book of Farm Implements, and their Construction; by John L.
Thomas. With 200 Illustrations. 12mo. 6s. 6d.
The Practical Surveyor's Guide; by A. Duncan. Fcp. 8vo. 4s. 6d.
Villas and Cottages; by Calvert Vaux, Architect. 300 Illustrations.
8vo. cloth. 12s.
Bee-Keeping. By "The Times" Bee-master. Small post 8vo.
numerous Illustrations, cloth, 5s.
 "The Bee-master has done a good work, which outweighs a cartload
of mistakes, in giving an impetus to bee-keeping throughout the country.
Here is a simple and graceful amusement, which is also a profitable one.
The keeping of bees needs no great skill and but a small outlay. The
result, however, besides the amusement which it affords is a store of
honey that in the present state of the market may make a considerable
addition to the income of a poor cotter, and may even be worthy the
ambition of an underpaid curate or a lieutenant on half-pay."—Times,
Jan. 11, 1865.

The English and Australian Cookery Book. Small post 8vo.

Coloured Illustrations, cloth extra, 4s. 6d.
The Bubbles of Finance: the Revelations of a City Man. Fcap. 8vo.
fancy boards, price 2s. 6d.
The Times of May 21st in a leading article referring to the above
work, says:—"We advise our young friends to read some amusing
chapters on 'accommodation' and 'borrowing' which have appeared
within the last two months in Mr. Charles Dickens's All the Year Round."

Coffee: A Treatise on its Nature and Cultivation. With some

remarks on the management and purchase of Coffee
Estates. By Arthur R. W. Lascelles. Post 8vo. cloth, 2s. 6d.
The Railway Freighter's Guide. Defining mutual liabilities of
Carriers and Freighters, and explaining system of rates,
accounts, invoices, checks, booking, and permits, and all
other details pertaining to traffic management, as sanctioned
by Acts of Parliament, Bye-laws, and General Usage. By J. S.
Martin. 12mo. Cloth, 2s. 6d.

THEOLOGY.
he Land and the Book, or Biblical Illustrations
drawn from the Manners and Customs, the
Scenes and the Scenery of the Holy Land,
by W. M. Thomson, M.D., twenty-five years
a Missionary in Syria and Palestine. With 3
 Maps and several hundred Illustrations. 2
vols. Post 8vo. cloth. 1l. 1s.
Missionary Geography for the use of Teachers
and Missionary Collectors. Fcap. 8vo. with
numerous maps and illustrations, 3s. 6d.
A Topographical Picture of Ancient Jerusalem; beautifully
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Nature and the Supernatural. By Horace Bushnell, D.D. One vol.
New Edition. Post 8vo. cloth, 3s. 6d. Also by the same
Author.
Dr. Bushnell's Christian Nurture. 1s. 6d.
Dr. Bushnell's Character of Jesus. 6d.
Dr. Bushnell's New Life. 1s. 6d.
Dr. Bushnell's Work and Play. 2s. 6d.

Five Years' Prayer, with the Answers: comprising recent

Narratives and Incidents in America, Germany, England,
Ireland, Scotland, &c. By D. Samuel Irenæus Prime. 12mo.
cloth, 2s. 6d.; and a Cheap Edition, price 1s. Also by the
same Author.
The Power of Prayer. 12mo. cloth, 1s. 6d.

The Light of the World: a most True Relation of a Pilgrimess

travelling towards Eternity. Divided into Three Parts; which
deserve to be read, understood, and considered by all who
desire to be saved. Reprinted from the edition of 1696.
Beautifully printed by Clay on toned paper. Crown 8vo. pp.
593, bevelled boards, 10s. 6d.
A Short Method of Prayer; an Analysis of a Work so entitled by
Madame de la Mothe-Guyon; by Thomas C. Upham,
Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy in Bowdoin
College, U.S. America. Printed by Whittingham. 12mo. cloth.
1s.
Christian Believing and Living. By F. D. Huntington, D.D. Crown
8vo. cloth, 3s. 6d.
"For freshness of thought, power of illustration, and evangelical
earnestness, these writers [Dr. Huntington and Dr. Bushnell] are not
surpassed by the ablest theologians in the palmiest days of the
Church."—Caledonian Mercury.

Life Thoughts. By the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher. Two Series,

complete in one volume, well printed and well bound. 2s. 6d.
Superior edition, illustrated with ornamented borders. Sm.
4to. cloth extra. 7s. 6d.
Dr. Beecher's Life and Correspondence: an Autobiography. Edited
by his Son. 2 vols, post 8vo. with Illustrations, price 21s.
"One of the most real, interesting, and instructive pieces of religious
biography of the present day."—Nonconformist.
"We have waited for the publication of the second and last volume of
this interesting, we may well say entertaining, biography, before
introducing it to our readers. It is now complete, and furnishes one of
the most various and delightful portraits of a fine, sturdy, old
representative of antient theology and earnest piety, relieved by very
sweet and engaging pictures of New England society in its religious
circles, and the ways and usages of the men and women who lived, and
loved, and married, and had families, nearly a century since.... And now
we must lay down these very delightful volumes. We trust we have
sufficiently characterized them, while there are, of course, reminiscences,
pictures of places and of persons, we have been unable even to mention.
It was an extraordinary family altogether; a glow of bright, affectionate
interest suffuses all in charming sunshine. It was a life of singular
purpose, usefulness, and determination; and we think ministers
especially, and of ministers young students especially, might read it, and
read it more than once, to advantage.... Without attempting any more
words, we hope we have sufficiently indicated our very high appreciation
of, and gratitude for, this charming and many-sided biography of a most
robust and healthy life."—The Eclectic.
"All that the old man writes is clever and sagacious."—Athenæum.
"If the reader can imagine the Vicar of Wakefield in America, this
memoir will give a very good idea of what he would be among Yankee
surroundings. There is the same purity, sincerity, and goodness of heart,
the same simplicity of manners and directness of purpose in Dr. Primrose
 and Dr. Beecher, though the go-ahead society in which the latter divine
lived failed not to impress its character upon him. This is as instructive
and charming a book for family reading as can be taken up for that
purpose."—Daily News.
"A hundred pleasant things we must pass by; but readers of these
charming volumes will not do so."—Wesleyan Times.

Life and Experience of Madame de la Mothe Guyon. By Professor

Upham. Edited by an English Clergyman. Crown 8vo. cloth,
with Portrait. Third Edition, 7s. 6d.
By the same Author.
Life of Madame Catherine Adorna; 12mo. cloth. 4s. 6d.
The Life of Faith, and Interior Life. 2 vols. 5s. 6d. each.
The Divine Union. 7s. 6d.

LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE.

heaton's Elements of International Law; with a
New Supplement to May 1863: comprising
Important Decisions of the Supreme Court
of the United States of America, settling
authoritatively the character of the
hostilities in which they are involved, and
the legal consequences to be deduced
from them. Royal 8vo. cloth extra, 35s.
History of the Law of Nations; by Henry
Wheaton, LL.D. author of the "Elements of
International Law." Roy. 8vo. cloth, 31s.
6d.
Commentaries on American Law; by Chancellor Kent. Ninth and
entirely New Edition. 4 vols. 8vo. calf. 5l. 5s.; cloth, 4l. 10s.
Treatise on the Law of Evidence; by Simon Greenleaf, LL.D. 3
vols. 8vo. calf. 4l. 4s.
A Treatise on the Measure of Damages; or, An Enquiry into the
Principles which govern the Amount of Compensation in
Courts of Justice. By Theodore Sedgwick. Third revised
Edition, enlarged Imperial 8vo. cloth. 31s. 6d.
Justice Story's Commentaries on the Constitution of the United
States. 2 vols. 36s.
Justice Story's Commentaries on the Laws, viz. Bailments—
Agency—Bills of Exchange—Promissory Notes—Partnership—
and Conflict of Laws. 6 vols. 8vo. cloth, each 28s.
Justice Story's Equity Jurisprudence. 2 vols. 8vo. 63s.; and Equity
Pleadings. 1 vol. 8vo. 31s. 6d.
W. W. Story's Treatise on the Law of Contracts. Fourth Edition,
greatly enlarged and revised. 2 vols. 8vo. cloth, 63s.

MEDICAL.
uman Physiology, Statical and Dynamical; by
Dr. Draper. 300 Illustrations. 8vo. 25s.
A Treatise on the Practice of Medicine; by Dr.
George B. Wood. Fourth Edition. 2 vols.
36s.
A Treatise on Fractures, by J. F. Malgaigne,
Chirurgien de l'Hôpital Saint Louis,
Translated, with Notes and Additions, by
John H. Packard, M.D. With 106
Illustrations. 8vo. sheep. 1l. 1s.
The History of Prostitution; its Extent, Causes, and Effects
throughout the World: by William Sanger, M.D. 8vo. cloth.
16s.
Elements of Chemical Physics; with numerous Illustrations. By
Josiah P. Cooke. 8vo. cloth. 16s.
"As an introduction to Chemical Physics, this is by far the most
comprehensive work in our language."—Athenæum, Nov. 17.

A History of Medicine, from its Origin to the Nineteenth Century.

By Dr. P. V. Renouard. 8vo. 18s.
Letters to a Young Physician just entering upon Practice; by
James Jackson, M.D. Fcp. 8vo. 5s.
Lectures on the Diseases of Women and Children. By Dr. G. S.
Bedford. 4th Edition. 8vo. 18s.
The Principles and Practice of Obstetrics. By Gunning S. Bedford,
A.M., M.D. With Engravings. 8vo. Cloth, 1l. 1s.
Principles and Practice of Dental Surgery; by C. A. Harris. 6th
Edition. 8vo. 24s.
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Manipulations; by C. and C. Morfit.
Royal 8vo. Second Edition enlarged. 21s.

FICTION AND MISCELLANEOUS.

r. Charles Reade's celebrated Romance, Hard
Cash. A new and cheap Standard Edition.
Price 6s. handsomely bound in cloth.
"There is a freshness and reality about his young
people, and a degree of warmth and zest in the love-
making of these impetuosities, which make the first chapter of his book
most enjoyable reading. The description of the boat-race at Henley is
beyond anything of the kind we have ever seen in print, and the repulse
of the two pirates by the old Agra is a perfect masterpiece of nautical
painting."—Saturday Review.

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