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Chapter 5
SYSTEMS AND MATRICES
Replace x with y + 13 in equation (1), and
Section 5.1 Systems of Linear
solve for y.
Equations
3x + 4 y = 4 ⇒ 3 ( y + 13) + 4 y = 4 ⇒
1. The population of the Jacksonville 3 y + 39 + 4 y = 4 ⇒ 7 y + 39 = 4 ⇒
metropolitan area was greater than that of the 7 y = −35 ⇒ y = −5
New Orleans metropolitan area from Replace y with −5 in equation (3) to obtain
2006−2009.
x = −5 + 13 = 8.
2. When the populations of the two metropolitan Check:
areas were equal, the population of each area 3x + 4 y = 4 (1) x − y = 13 (2)
3 (8) + 4 ( −5) = 4 ? 8 − (−5) = 13 ?
was about 1.26 million.
3. approximately (2005.2, 1.26) 24 + ( −20) = 4 8 + 5 = 13
4. The population of the New Orleans 4 = 4 True 13 = 13 True
metropolitan was constant from 2004 to 2005,
decreased from 2005 to 2006, and increased
Solution set: {(8, −5)}
from 2006 to 2009. 9. x – 5y = 8 (1)
5. t would represent time in years and y would x = 6y (2)
represent the population in millions. Replace x with 6y in equation (1), and solve
for y: x − 5 y = 8 ⇒ 6 y − 5 y = 8 ⇒ y = 8
6. Answers will vary. One answer is that the Replace y with 8 in equation (2) to obtain
graphs pass the vertical line test. x = 6(8) = 48.
7. 4 x + 3 y = −13 (1) Check: x − 5 y = 8 (1) x = 6 y (2)
−x + y = 5 (2) 48 − 5 (8) = 8 ? 48 = 6 (8) ?
Solve equation (2) for y. 48 − 40 = 8 48 = 48 True
−x + y = 5 (2) 8 = 8 True
y = x + 5 (3) Solution set: {(48,8)}
Replace y with x + 5 in equation (1), and
solve for x. 10. 6x – y = 5 (1)
4 x + 3 y = −13 ⇒ 4 x + 3 ( x + 5) = −13 ⇒ y = 11x (2)
Replace y with 11x for y in equation (1).
4 x + 3x + 15 = −13 ⇒ 7 x + 15 = −13 ⇒
6 x − y = 5 ⇒ 6 x − 11x = 5 ⇒
7 x = −28 ⇒ x = −4
−5 x = 5 ⇒ x = −1
Replace x with −4 in equation (3) to obtain
Replace x with –1 in equation (2) to obtain
y = −4 + 5 = 1.
y = 11(–1) = –11.
Check: Check:
4 x + 3 y = −13 (1) − x + y = 5 (2) 6 x − y = 5 (1) y = 11x (2)
4 (−4) + 3 (1) = −13 ? − ( −4) + 1 = 5 ? 6 (−1) − (−11) = 5 ? −11 = 11( −1) ?
−16 + 3 = −13 4 +1 = 5 −6 + 11 = 5 −11 = −11 True
−13 = −13 True 5 = 5 True 5 = 5 True
Solution set: {(−4,1)} Solution set: {(−1, −11)}
8. 3x + 4 y = 4 (1) 11. 8 x − 10 y = −22 (1)
x − y = 13 (2) 3x + y = 6 (2)
Solve equation (2) for x. Solve equation (2) for y.
x − y = 13 (2) 3x + y = 6 (2)
x = y + 13 (3) y = −3x + 6 (3)
(continued on next page)
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 501
502 Chapter 5 Systems and Matrices

(continued) Check:
Replace y with –3x + 6 in equation (1), and 7 x − y = −10 (1) 3 y − x =10 (2)
solve for x. 7 (−1) − 3 = −10 ? 3 (3) − ( −1) = 10 ?
8 x − 10 y = −22 −7 − 3 = −10 9 + 1 = 10
8 x − 10 (−3x + 6) = −22 −10 = −10 True 10 = 10 True
8 x + 30 x − 60 = −22 Solution set: {(−1, 3)}
38 x − 60 = −22
38 x = 38 14. 4x + 5y = 7 (1)
x =1 9y = 31 + 2x (2)
Replace x with 1 in equation (3) to obtain Solve equation (2) for y.
y = −3(1) + 6 = 3. 9 y = 31 + 2 x (2)
Check: y = 31
9
+ 29 x (3)
8 x − 10 y = −22 (1) 3x + y = 6 (2) Replace y with 31
+ 92 x in equation (1), and
8 (1) − 10 (3) = −22 ? 3 (1) + 3 = 6 ? 9
solve for x.
8 − 30 = −22 3+3= 6
4x + 5 y = 7
−22 = −22 True 6 = 6 True
( )
4 x + 5 9 + 92 x = 7 ⇒ 4 x + 155
31
+ 109 x = 7
Solution set: {(1,3)} (
9 ⋅ 4x + 155
+10
x) = 9 ⋅ 7
9

9 9
12. 4 x − 5 y = −11 (1) 36 x + 155 + 10 x = 63
2 x + y = 5 (2) 46 x = −92 ⇒ x = −2
Solve equation (2) for y. Replace x with –2 in equation (3) to obtain
2x + y = 5 (2) y = 31
9
+ 92 ( −2) = 319− 4 = 27
9
= 3.
y = −2 x + 5 (3) Check:
Replace y with –2x + 5 in equation (1), and 4 x + 5 y = 7 (1) 9 y = 31 + 2 x (2)
solve for x. 4 (−2) + 5 (3) = 7 ? 9 (3) = 31 + 2 ( −2) ?
4 x − 5 y = −11
−8 + 15 = 7 27 = 31 − 4
4 x − 5 ( −2 x + 5) = −11 7 = 7 True 27 = 27 True
4 x + 10 x − 25 = −11
Solution set: {(–2, 3)}
14 x − 25 = −11 ⇒ 14 x = 14 ⇒ x = 1
Replace x with 1 in equation (3) to obtain 15. −2 x = 6 y + 18 (1)
y = –2(1) + 5 = 3. −29 = 5 y − 3x (2)
Check: Solve equation (1) for x.
4 x − 5 y = −11 (1) 2 x + y = 5 (2) −2 x = 6 y + 18 (1)
4 (1) − 5 (3) = −11 ? 2 (1) + 3 = 5 ? x = −3 y − 9 (3)
4 − 15 = −11 2+3= 5 Replace x with −3 y − 9 in equation (2), and
−11 = −11 True 5 = 5 True
solve for y.
Solution set: {(1,3)} −29 = 5 y − 3 ( −3 y − 9)
−29 = 5 y + 9 y + 27 ⇒ −29 = 14 y + 27 ⇒
13. 7 x − y = −10 (1) −56 = 14 y ⇒ −4 = y
3 y − x = 10 (2) Replace y with –4 in equation (3) to obtain
Solve equation (1) for y. x = −3 (−4) − 9 = 12 − 9 = 3.
7 x − y = −10 (1)
y = 7 x + 10 (3) Check: −2 x = 6 y + 18 (1)
−2 (3) = 6 ( −4) + 18 ?
Replace y with 7x + 10 in equation (2), and
solve for x. −6 = −24 + 18 ⇒ − 6 = −6 True
3 y − x = 10 ⇒ 3 (7 x + 10) − x = 10 ⇒ −29 = 5 y − 3x (2)
21x + 30 − x = 10 ⇒ 20 x + 30 = 10 ⇒ −29 = 5 (−4) − 3 (3) ?
20 x = −20 ⇒ x = −1 −29 = −20 − 9 ⇒ −29 = −29 True
Replace x with –1 in equation (3) to obtain
y = 7(–1) + 10 = 3.
Solution set: {(3, −4)}

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Section 5.1 Systems of Linear Equations 503

16. 3x − 7 y = 15 (1) Replace x with y + 4 in equation (1), and

3x + 7 y = 15 (2) solve for y.
Solve equation (1) for x. 4 y = 2 x − 4 ⇒ 4 y = 2 ( y + 4) − 4 ⇒
3x − 7 y = 15 (1) 4y = 2y + 8 − 4 ⇒ 4y = 2y + 4 ⇒
3 x = 7 y + 15 2y = 4 ⇒ y = 2
x = 73 y + 5 (3) Replace y with 2 in equation (3) to obtain
x = 2 + 4 = 6.
Replace x with 7
y + 5 in equation (2), and
3
Check: 4 y = 2 x − 4 (1) x − y = 4 (2)
4 ( 2 ) = 2 (6 ) − 4 ? 6 − 2 = 4 ?
solve for y.
( )
3x + 7 y = 15 ⇒ 3 73 y + 5 + 7 y = 15 ⇒ 8 = 12 − 4 4 = 4 True
7 y + 15 + 7 y = 15 ⇒ 14 y + 15 = 15 ⇒ 8=8 True
14 y = 0 ⇒ y = 0
Replace y with 0 in equation (3) to obtain
Solution set: {(6, 2)}
x = 73 (0) + 5 = 5. 19. 3x − y = −4 (1)
Check: x + 3 y = 12 (2)
3 x − 7 y = 15 (1) 3x + 7 y = 15 (2) Multiply equation (2) by –3 and add the result
3 (5) − 7 (0) = 15 ? 3 (5) + 7 (0) = 15 ? to equation (1).
15 − 0 = 15 15 + 0 = 15 3x − y = −4
15 = 15 True 15 = 15 True −3x − 9 y = −36
Solution set: {(5, 0)} − 10 y = − 40 ⇒ y = 4
Substitute 4 for y in equation (2) and solve for
17. 3 y = 5 x + 6 (1) x: x + 3 ( 4) = 12 ⇒ x + 12 = 12 ⇒ x = 0
x+ y=2 (2)
Check:
Solve equation (2) for y. (You could solve
3x − y = −4 (1) x + 3 y = 12 (2)
equation (2) for x just as easily.)
3 (0) − 4 = −4 ? 0 + 3 ( 4) = 12 ?
x+ y=2 (2)
y = 2 − x (3) 0 − 4 = −4 0 + 12 = 12
−4 = −4 True 12 = 12 True
Replace y with 2 − x in equation (1), and
solve for x. Solution set: {(0, 4)}
3 y = 5 x + 6 ⇒ 3 (2 − x ) = 5 x + 6 ⇒
6 − 3x = 5 x + 6 ⇒ 6 = 8 x + 6 ⇒ 20. 4 x + y = −23 (1)
0 = 8x ⇒ 0 = x x − 2 y = −17 (2)
Replace x with 0 in equation (3) to obtain Multiply equation (1) by 2 and add the result
y = 2 − 0 = 2. to equation (2).
Check: 3 y = 5x + 6 (1) x + y = 2 (2) 8 x + 2 y = −46
3 ( 2 ) = 5 (0 ) + 6 ? 0 + 2 = 2 ? x − 2 y = −17
6 = 0+6 2 = 2 True 9x = − 63 ⇒ x = −7
6=6 True Substitute −7 for x in equation (2) and solve
Solution set: {(0, 2)} for x.
−7 − 2 y = −17 ⇒ −2 y = −10 ⇒ y = 5
18. 4 y = 2 x − 4 (1) Check:
x− y=4 (2) 4 x + y = −23 (1) x − 2 y = −17 (2)
Solve equation (2) for x. 4 (−7 ) + 5 = −23 ? −7 − 2 (5) = −17 ?
x− y=4 (2) −28 + 5 = −23 −7 − 10 = −17
x = y + 4 (3) −23 = −23 True −17 = −17 True
Solution set: {(−7, 5)}

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

504 Chapter 5 Systems and Matrices

21. 2 x − 3 y = −7 (1) Check: 5 x + 7 y = 6 (1)

5 x + 4 y = 17 (2) 5 ( 4 ) + 7 ( −2 ) = 6 ?
Multiply equation (1) by 4 and equation (2) by 20 − 14 = 6
3 and then add the resulting equations. 6 = 6 True
8 x − 12 y = −28 10 x − 3 y = 46 (2)
15 x + 12 y = 51 10 (4) − 3 ( −2) = 46 ?
23x = 23 ⇒ x = 1 40 + 6 = 46
Substitute 1 for x in equation (2) and solve for 46 = 46 True
y.
5 (1) + 4 y = 17 ⇒ 5 + 4 y = 17 ⇒
Solution set: {(4, −2)}
4 y = 12 ⇒ y = 3 24. 12 x − 5 y = 9 (1)
Check: 3x − 8 y = −18 (2)
2 x − 3 y = −7 (1) 5 x + 4 y = 17 (2) Multiply equation (2) by –4 and add to
2 (1) − 3 (3) = −7 ? 5 (1) + 4 (3) = 17 ? equation (1).
2 − 9 = −7 5 + 12 = 17 12 x − 5 y = 9
−7 = −7 True 17 = 17 True −12 x + 32 y = 72
Solution set: {(1,3)} 27 y = 81 ⇒ y = 3
Substitute 3 for y in equation (2) and solve for
22. 4 x + 3 y = −1 (1) x.
2 x + 5 y = 3 (2) 3x − 8 (3) = −18 ⇒ 3x − 24 = −18
Multiply equation (2) by –2 and add to 3x = 6 ⇒ x = 2
equation (1). Check:
4 x + 3 y = −1 12 x − 5 y = 9 (1) 3x − 8 y = −18 (2)
− 4 x − 10 y = − 6 12 ( 2) − 5 (3) = 9 ? 3 (2) − 8 (3) = −18 ?
− 7 y = −7 ⇒ y = 1 24 − 15 = 9 6 − 24 = −18
Substitute 1 for y in equation (2) and solve for 9 = 9 True −18 = −18 True
x.
2 x + 5(1) = 3 ⇒ 2 x + 5 = 3 ⇒
Solution set: {(2, 3)}
2 x = −2 ⇒ x = −1 25. 6 x + 7 y + 2 = 0 (1)
Check: 7 x − 6 y − 26 = 0 (2)
4 x + 3 y = −1 (1) 2 x + 5 y = 3 (2) Multiply equation (1) by 6 and equation (2) by
4 (−1) + 3 (1) = −1 ? 2 (−1) + 5 (1) = 3 ? 7 and then add the resulting equations.
−4 + 3 = −1 −2 + 5 = 3 36 x + 42 y + 12 = 0
−1 = −1 True 3 = 3 True 49 x − 42 y − 182 = 0
Solution set: {(−1,1)} 85 x − 170 = 0 ⇒ 85 x = 170 ⇒ x = 2
Substitute 2 for x in equation (1).
23. 5 x + 7 y = 6 (1) 6 (2) + 7 y + 2 = 0
10 x − 3 y = 46 (2) 12 + 7 y + 2 = 0
Multiply equation (1) by –2 and add to 7 y + 14 = 0
equation (2). 7 y = −14 ⇒ y = −2
−10 x − 14 y = −12 Check: 6 x + 7 y + 2 = 0 (1)
10 x − 3 y = 46 6 ( 2 ) + 7 ( −2 ) + 2 = 0 ?
− 17 y = 34 ⇒ y = −2 12 − 14 + 2 = 0 ⇒ 0 = 0 True
Substitute −2 for y in equation (2) and solve 7 x − 6 y − 26 = 0 (2)
for x. 7 (2) − 6 (−2) − 26 = 0 ?
10 x − 3 (−2) = 46 ⇒ 10 x + 6 = 46 14 + 12 − 26 = 0 ⇒ 0 = 0 True
10 x = 40 ⇒ x = 4 Solution set: {(2, −2)}

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Section 5.1 Systems of Linear Equations 505

26. 5 x + 4 y + 2 = 0 (1) 28. 3x

+
y
= −2 (1)
4 x − 5 y − 23 = 0 (2)
2 2
y
2
x
+ 2
= 0 (2)
Multiply equation (1) by 5 and equation (2) by
4 and then add the resulting equations. To clear denominators, multiply equations (1)
25 x + 20 y + 10 = 0 and (2) by 2.
16 x − 20 y − 92 = 0 2 ( 3x
2
+
y
2 ) = 2 (−2)
( ) = 2(0)
41x − 82 = 0 ⇒ 41x = 82 ⇒ x = 2 y
2 x
+
Substitute 2 for x in equation (1). 2 2

5 (2) + 4 y + 2 = 0 This gives the system

10 + 4 y + 2 = 0 3x + y = − 4 (3)
4 y + 12 = 0 x + y = 0 (4).
4 y = −12 ⇒ y = −3 Multiply equation (4) by −1 and add to
Check: 5 x + 4 y + 2 = 0 (1) equation (3).
3x + y = − 4
5 (2) + 4 ( −3) + 2 = 0 ?
−x − y = 0
10 − 12 + 2 = 0
0 = 0 True 2x = −4 ⇒ x = −2
Substitute –2 for x into equation (4) and solve
4 x − 5 y − 23 = 0 (2)
for y.
4 (2) − 5 (−3) − 23 = 0 ? −2 + y = 0 ⇒ y = 2
8 + 15 − 23 = 0
y y
0 = 0 True Check: 3x
2
+ 2
= −2 (1) x
2
+ 2
= 0 (2)
3 ( −2 )
{(2, −3)}
−2
Solution set: + = −2 ?2 + =0 ? 2
2
2
2 2
−3 + 1 = − 2 − 1 +1 = 0
27. x
+
y
= 4 (1) −2 = −2 True 0 = 0 True
2 3
3x
2
+
3y
2
= 15 (2) Solution set: {(−2, 2)}
To clear denominators, multiply equation (1)
2 x −1 y+2
by 6 and equation (2) by 2. 29. + = 4 (1)
( ) = 6 (4)
3 4
y x+3 x− y
6 x
2
+ 3 2
− 3
= 3 (2)
2 ( 3x
2
+
3y
2 ) = 2 (15) Multiply equation (1) by 12 and equation (2)
by 6 to clear denominators. Also, remove
This gives the system parentheses and combine like terms.
3x + 2 y = 24 (3)
3x + 3 y = 30 (4).
12 ( 2 x −1
3
+
y+2
4 ) = 12 (4)
Multiply equation (3) by −1 and add to 4 (2 x − 1) + 3 ( y + 2) = 48
equation (4). 8 x − 4 + 3 y + 6 = 48 ⇒ 8 x + 3 y = 46 (3)
−3x − 2 y = −24 6 ( x+3
2
−
x− y
3 ) = 6 (3)
3x + 3 y = 30 3 ( x + 3) − 2 ( x − y ) = 18
y= 6 3x + 9 − 2 x + 2 y = 18 ⇒ x + 2 y = 9 (4)
Substitute 6 for y in equation (1). Multiply equation (4) by –8 and then add the
x
+ 63 = 4 ⇒ 2x + 2 = 4 ⇒ 2x = 2 ⇒ x = 4 result to equation (3).
2 8 x + 3 y = 46
Check: x
+
y
= 4 (1) 3x
+ 2
3y
= 15 (2) −8 x − 16 y = −72
2 3 2
4
+ =4 ? 6 3 ( 4) 3 (6 ) − 13 y = −26 ⇒ y = 2
2 3 2
+ 2 = 15 ?
2+2 = 4 6 + 9 = 15
Substitute 2 for y into equation (4) and solve
4 = 4 True 15 = 15 True for x: x + 2 ( 2) = 9 ⇒ x + 4 = 9 ⇒ x = 5

Solution set: {(4, 6)} (continued on next page)

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

506 Chapter 5 Systems and Matrices

(continued) 31. 9 x − 5 y = 1 (1)

Check: −18 x + 10 y = 1 (2)
2 x −1 y+2 x+3 x− y Multiply equation (1) by 2 and add the result
3
+ 4 = 4 (1) 2
− 3 = 3 (2) to equation (2).
2 (5) −1 5+3
− 5 −3 2 =3 ?
+ 2 +4 2 = 4 ? 2 18 x − 10 y = 2
3
10 −1
+ 44 = 4
8
2
− 33=3 −18 x + 10 y = 1
3
9
+1 = 4 4 −1 = 3 0=3
3 3 = 3 True
3 +1 = 4 This is a false statement. The solution set
4 = 4 True is ∅, and the system is inconsistent.
Solution set: {(5, 2)} 32. 3x + 2 y = 5 (1)
6 x + 4 y = 8 (2)
x+6 2y− x
30. 5
+ 10
= 1 (1) Multiply equation (1) by –2 and add the
x+2 3y+2 resulting equations.
+ = −3 (2)
−6 x − 4 y = −10
4 5
Multiply equation (1) by 10 and equation (2)
by 20 to clear denominators. Also, remove 6x + 4 y = 8
parentheses and combine like terms. 0= −2
10 ( x+6
5
+
2y−x
10 ) = 10 (1) This is a false statement. The solution set is
∅, and the system is inconsistent.
2 ( x + 6) + ( 2 y − x ) = 10
2 x + 12 + 2 y − x =10 ⇒ x + 2 y = −2 (3) 33. 4 x − y = 9 (1)
20 ( x+2
4
+
3y+2
5 ) = 20 ( −3) −8 x + 2 y = −18 (2)
5 ( x + 2) + 4 (3 y + 2) = −60
Multiply equation (1) by 2 and add the result
to equation (2).
5 x + 10 + 12 y + 8 = −60 ⇒
8 x − 2 y = 18
5 x + 12 y = − 78 (4)
Multiply equation (3) by –5 and then add the −8 x + 2 y = −18
result to equation (4). 0= 0
− 5 x − 10 y = 10 This is a true statement. There are infinitely
5 x + 12 y = −78 many solutions. We will now express the
2 y = −68 ⇒ y = −34 solution set with y as the arbitrary variable.
Substitute –34 for y in equation (3) and solve Solve equation (1) for x.
y +9
for x. 4x − y = 9 ⇒ 4x = y + 9 ⇒ x = 4

{( )}
x + 2(−34) = −2 ⇒ x − 68 = −2 ⇒ x = 66 y +9
x+6 2y−x Solution set: ,y
Check: 5
+ 10 = 1 (1) 4

66 + 6 2 (−34) − 66
5
+ 10
=1 ? 34. 3x + 5 y = −2 (1)
72
+ −68 − 66
=1 9 x + 15 y = −6 (2)
5 10
144
+ −134
=1 Multiply equation (1) by –3 and add the result
10 10 to equation (2).
10
10
=1 −9 x − 15 y = 6
1 = 1 True
9 x + 15 y = −6
x+2 3y+2
4
+ 5 = −3 (2) 0= 0
66 + 2 3(−34) + 2
4
+ 5
= −3 ? This is a true statement. There are infinitely
−102 + 2 many solutions. We will now express the
68
4
+ 5
= −3
solution set with y as the arbitrary variable.
17 + −100 = −3
5 Solve equation (1) for x.
17 − 20 = −3 −5 y − 2
3x + 5 y = −2 ⇒ 3 x = −5 y − 2 ⇒ x =
−3 = −3 True 3

Solution set: {(66, −34)} Solution set: {( −5 y − 2

3
, y )}

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Section 5.1 Systems of Linear Equations 507

35. 5 x − 5 y − 3 = 0 (1) 39. 2 x − 6 y = 0 (1)

x − y − 12 = 0 (2) −7 x + 21 y = 10 (2)
Multiply equation (2) by –5 and then add the Multiply equation (1) by 7
and then add the
2
resulting equations.
result to equation (1).
5x − 5 y − 3 = 0
−5 x + 5 y + 60 = 0 7 x − 21 y = 0
57 = 0 −7 x + 21 y = 10
This is a false statement. The solution set is 0 = 10
∅, and the system is inconsistent. This is a false statement. The solution set is
∅, and the system is inconsistent.
36. 2 x − 3 y − 7 = 0 (1)
− 4 x + 6 y − 14 = 0 (2) 40. 4 x − 5 y = −11
Multiply equation (1) by 2 and then add the −5 y = −4 x − 11
resulting equations. y = 54 x + 11
5
4 x − 6 y − 14 = 0 2x + y = 5
−4 x + 6 y − 14 = 0 y = −2 x + 5
− 28 = 0 Screen A is the correct choice.
This is a false statement. The solution set is
∅, and the system is inconsistent. 41. Since y = ax + b and the line passes through
(2, 0) and (0, 3), we have the equations
37. 7 x + 2 y = 6 (1) 0 = a(2) + b and 3 = a (0) + b
14 x + 4 y = 12 (2) These becomes the following system.
Multiply equation (1) by –2 and add the result 2a + b = 0 (1)
to equation (2). b=3 (2)
−14 x − 4 y = − 12 Substitute b = 3 into equation (1) to solve for
14 x + 4 y = 12 a: 2a + 3 = 0 ⇒ 2a = −3 ⇒ a = − 32 . Thus, the
0= 0
equation is y = − 32 x + 3 ⇒ 3x + 2 y = 6 .
This is a true statement. There are infinitely
The other line goes through the points (0, 1)
many solutions. We will express the solution
and (−3, 0), so we have the equations
set with y as the arbitrary variable. Solve
equation (1) for x. 1 = a(0) + b and 0 = a(−3) + b . These become
6−2 y the following system:
7x + 2 y = 6 ⇒ 7x = 6 − 2 y ⇒ x = 7 b =1 (3)
Solution set: {( 6− 2 y
7
, y )} −3a + b = 0 (4)
Substitute b = 1 into equation (4), then solve
38. 2 x − 8 y = 4 (1) for a:
x − 4 y = 2 (2) − 3a + 1 = 0 ⇒ a = 13
Multiply equation (2) by –2 and then add the Thus, the equation of this line is
result to equation (1). y = 13 x + 1 ⇒ 3 y = x + 3 ⇒ x − 3 y = −3
2x − 8 y = 4
−2 x + 8 y = − 4
0= 0
This is a true statement. There are infinitely
many solutions. We will now express the
solution set with y as the arbitrary variable.
Solve equation (2) for x.
x − 4y = 2 ⇒ x = 2 + 4y
Solution set: {(2 + 4 y, y )}

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

508 Chapter 5 Systems and Matrices

42. Since y = ax + b and one line passes through 44. Solve each equation for y
(0, 3) and (3, 0), we have the equations 3x − y = 5 ⇒ − y = − 3 x + 5 ⇒ y = 3 x − 5
3 = a (0) + b and 0 = a (3) + b. and 100 x + y = 9 ⇒ y = 9 − 100 x
This becomes the following system.
b = 3 (1)
3a + b = 0 (2)
Substitute b = 3 into equation (2) to solve for
a: 3a + 3 = 0 ⇒ 3a = −3 ⇒ a = −1
The equation is y = − x + 3 ⇒ x + y = 3
The other line passes through (0, −2) and
(2, 0), so we have the equations
−2 = a (0) + b and 0 = a ( 2) + b.
This becomes the following system.
b = −2 (3)
2a + b = 0 (4) Solution set: {(0.138, − 4.762)}
Substitute b = −2 into equation (4) to solve for
45. Solve each equation for y.
a: 2a − 2 = 0 ⇒ 2a = 2 ⇒ a = 1
Thus, the equation is y = x − 2 ⇒ x − y = 2 7 x + 2 y −3 = 0 ⇒ 2 y = 3 − 7 x ⇒

We can verify that ( 52 , 12 ) satisfies the y=

3 − 7x
and 6x − y − 3 = 0 ⇒
2
equations by finding the solution of the system
x + y = 3 (5) y = 6x − 3
x− y=2 (6)
Add the two equations and solve for x:
x+ y =3
x− y = 2
2x =5⇒ x = 5
2

Substitute x = 5
2
into equation (5) and solve
for y: + y = 3 ⇒ y = x = 12 .
5
2
Therefore, the equations of the two lines are
x + y = 3 and x − y = 2

43. Solve each equation for y. Solution set: {0.892, 0.453)}

11
3
x + y = 0.5 ⇒ y = 0.5 − 11
3
x and 46. Solve each equation for y.
0.6 x − y = 3 ⇒ − y = 3 − 0.6 x ⇒ y = 0.6 x − 3 0.2 x + 2 y = 1 ⇒ 2 y = 1 − 0.2 x ⇒
1 − 0.2 x
y= and 5 x + 0.7 y = 1 ⇒
2
1 − 5x
0.7 y = 1 − 5 x ⇒ y =
0.7

Solution set: {(0.820, − 2.508)} (continued on next page)

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 Section 5.1 Systems of Linear Equations 509

(continued) x + 2z = 10
−5 x − 2 z = −18
−4 x = −8⇒ x = 2
Using x = 2, find z from equation (4) by
substitution.
2 + 2 z = 10 ⇒ 2 z = 8 ⇒ z = 4
Solution set: {(0.236, 0.674)} Substitute 2 for x and 4 for z in equation (1) to
find y.
47. x + y + z = 2 (1) 2 (2) + y + 4 = 9 ⇒ 4 + y + 4 = 9 ⇒
2 x + y − z = 5 (2) y +8 = 9 ⇒ y =1
x − y + z = −2 (3)
Verify that the ordered triple (2,1,4) satisfies
Eliminate z by adding equations (1) and (2) to
get 3x + 2 y = 7 (4). all three equations.
Check:
Eliminate z by adding equations (2) and (3) to
2 x + y + z = 9 (1) − x − y + z = 1 (2)
get 3x = 3 ⇒ x = 1 (5).
2 (2) + 1 + 4 = 9 ? −2 − 1 + 4 = 1 ?
Using x = 1, find y from equation (4) by 1 = 1 True
4 +1+ 4 = 9
substitution.
9 = 9 True
3 (1) + 2 y = 7 ⇒ 3 + 2 y = 7 ⇒ 2 y = 4 ⇒ y = 2
3 x − y + z = 9 (3)
3 (2) − 1 + 4 = 9 ?
Substitute 1 for x and 2 for y in equation (1) to
find z.
1 + 2 + z = 2 ⇒ 3 + z = 2 ⇒ z = −1 6 −1+ 4 = 9
9 = 9 True
Verify that the ordered triple (1, 2, − 1)
satisfies all three equations. Solution set: {(2,1, 4)}
Check:
49. x + 3 y + 4 z = 14 (1)
x + y + z = 2 (1) 2 x + y − z = 5 (2)
2 x − 3 y + 2 z = 10 (2)
1 + 2 + ( −1) = 2 ? 2 (1) + 2 − ( −1) = 5 ? 3x − y + z = 9 (3)
2 = 2 True 2 + 2 +1 = 5
Eliminate y by adding equations (1) and (2) to
5 = 5 True
get 3x + 6 z = 24 (4).
x − y + z = −2 (3)
Multiply equation (3) by 3 and add the result
1 − 2 + ( −1) = −2 ? to equation (1).
−1 − 1 = −2 x + 3 y + 4 z = 14
−2 = −2 True 9 x − 3 y + 3z = 27
Solution set: {(1, 2, − 1)} 10 x + 7 z = 41 (5)
Multiply equation (4) by 10 and equation (5)
48. 2 x + y + z = 9 (1) by –3 and add in order to eliminate y.
− x − y + z = 1 (2) 30 x + 60 z = 240
3 x − y + z = 9 (3) −30 x − 21z = −123
Eliminate y by adding equations (1) and (2) to 39 z = 117 ⇒ z = 3
get x + 2 z = 10 (4). Using z = 3, find x from equation (5) by
Eliminate y by adding equations (1) and (3) to substitution.
get 5 x + 2 z = 18 (5). 10 x + 7 (3) = 41 ⇒ 10 x + 21 = 41 ⇒
Use the system formed by equations (4) and 10 x = 20 ⇒ x = 2
(5) to find the value for x. Multiply equation Substitute 2 for x and 3 for z in equation (1) to
(5) by −1 and add to equation (4). find y.
2 + 3 y + 4 (3) = 14 ⇒ 3 y = 0 ⇒ y = 0
Verify that the ordered triple (2, 0,3) satisfies
all three equations.
(continued on next page)

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510 Chapter 5 Systems and Matrices

(continued) −2 x + y + 4 z = 14 (3)
Check: −2 (−1) + 4 + 4 (2) = 14 ?
x + 3 y + 4 z = 14 (1) 2 + 4 + 8 = 14
2 + 3 (0) + 4 (3) = 14 ? 14 = 14 True
2 + 0 + 12 = 14 Solution set: {(−1, 4, 2)}
14 = 14 True
2 x − 3 y + 2 z = 10 (2) 51. x + 4 y − z = 6 (1)
2 x − y + z = 3 (2)
2 (2) − 3 (0) + 2 (3) = 10 ?
3x + 2 y + 3 z = 16 (3)
4 − 0 + 6 = 10
10 = 10 True Eliminate z by adding equations (1) and (2) to
get 3x + 3 y = 9 or x + y = 3 (4).
3x − y + z = 9 (3)
3 (2) − 0 + 3 = 9 ?
Multiply equation (1) by 3 and add the result
to equation (3).
6−0+3= 9 3x + 12 y − 3z = 18
9 = 9 True 3x + 2 y + 3z = 16
Solution set: {(2, 0, 3)} 6 x + 14 y = 34 (5)
Multiply equation (4) by −6 and then add the
50. 4 x − y + 3z = −2 (1) result to equation (5) in order to eliminate x.
3x + 5 y − z = 15 (2) − 6 x − 6 y = −18
−2 x + y + 4 z = 14 (3) 6 x + 14 y = 34
Eliminate y by adding equations (1) and (3) to 8 y = 16 ⇒ y = 2
get 2 x + 7 z = 12 (4).
Using y = 2, find x from equation (4) by
Multiply equation (1) by 5 and add the result
substitution: x + 2 = 3 ⇒ x = 1
to equation (2).
Substitute 1 for x and 2 for y in equation (1) to
20 x − 5 y + 15 z = −10
find z.
3x + 5 y − z = 15
1 + 4 ( 2) − z = 6 ⇒ 1 + 8 − z = 6 ⇒
23x + 14 z = 5 (5) 9 − z = 6 ⇒ − z = −3 ⇒ z = 3
Multiply equation (4) by −2 and then add the Verify that the ordered triple (1, 2,3) satisfies
result to equation (5) in order to eliminate z.
−4 x − 14 z = −24 all three equations.
23 x + 14 z = 5 Check:
19 x = − 19 ⇒ x = −1 x + 4 y − z = 6 (1) 2 x − y + z = 3 (2)
1 + 4 (2) − 3 = 6 ? 2 (1) − 2 + 3 = 3 ?
Using x = −1, find z from equation (4) by
1+ 8 − 3 = 6 2−2+3=3
substitution.
6 = 6 True 3 = 3 True
2 (−1) + 7 z = 12 ⇒ 7 z = 14 ⇒ z = 2
3x + 2 y + 3z = 16 (3)
Substitute −1 for x and 2 for z in equation (3)
to find y. 3 (1) + 2 (2) + 3 (3) = 16 ?
3 + 4 + 9 = 16
−2 ( −1) + y + 4 (2) = 14 ⇒ 2 + y + 8 = 14 ⇒
16 = 16 True
10 + y = 14 ⇒ y = 4
Verify that the ordered triple (−1, 4, 2)
Solution set: {(1, 2, 3)}
satisfies all three equations. 52. 4 x − 3 y + z = 9 (1)
Check: 4 x − y + 3 z = −2 (1) 3x + 2 y − 2 z = 4 (2)
4 (−1) − 4 + 3 (2) = −2 ? x − y + 3z = 5 (3)
−4 − 4 + 6 = −2 Eliminate x by multiplying equation (3) by −4
−2 = −2 True and add to equation (1).
3x + 5 y − z = 15 (2) 4x − 3y + z = 9
3 (−1) + 5 (4) − 2 = 15 ? − 4 x + 4 y − 12 z = −20
−3 + 20 − 2 = 15
y − 11z = −11 (4)
15 = 15 True
(continued on next page)

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 Section 5.1 Systems of Linear Equations 511

(continued) Using z = 2, find y from equation (4) by

Eliminate x by multiplying equation (3) by −3 substitution.
and add to equation (2). −4 y + 2 (2) = 0 ⇒ −4 y + 4 = 0 ⇒
3x + 2 y − 2 z = 4 −4 y = −4 ⇒ y = 1
−3x + 3 y − 9 z = −15 Substitute 1 for y and 2 for z in equation (1) to
5 y − 11z = −11 (5) find x.
Multiply equation (4) by −1 and add to x − 3 (1) − 2 (2) = −3 ⇒ x − 3 − 4 = −3 ⇒
equation (5) in order to eliminate z. x − 7 = −3 ⇒ x = 4
− y + 11z = 11 Verify that the ordered triple (4,1, 2) satisfies
5 y − 11z = − 11 all three equations.
4y = 0⇒ y =0 Check: x − 3 y − 2 z = −3 (1)
Using y = 0, find z from equation (4) by 4 − 3 (1) − 2 (2) = −3 ?
substitution. 4 − 3 − 4 = −3
0 − 11z = −11 ⇒ −11z = −11 ⇒ z = 1 −3 = −3 True
Substitute 0 for y and 1 for z in equation (3) to 3x + 2 y − z = 12 (2)
find x. 3 (4) + 2 (1) − 2 = 12 ?
x − 0 + 3 (1) = 5 ⇒ x + 3 = 5 ⇒ x = 2 12 + 2 − 2 = 12
Verify that the ordered triple (2, 0,1) satisfies 12 = 12 True
all three equations. − x − y + 4 z = 3 (3)
Check: 4 x − 3 y + z = 9 (1) −4 − 1 + 4 ( 2 ) = 3 ?
4 ( 2 ) − 3 (0) + 1 = 9 ? −4 − 1 + 8 = 3
8 − 0 +1 = 9 3 = 3 True
9 = 9 True Solution set: {(4,1, 2)}
3x + 2 y − 2 z = 4 (2)
3 (2) + 2 (0) − 2 (1) = 4 ? 54. x + y + z = 3 (1)
6+0−2= 4 3x − 3 y − 4 z = −1 (2)
4 = 4 True x + y + 3 z = 11 (3)
x − y + 3z = 5 (3) Eliminate x by multiplying equation (1) by −3
2 − 0 + 3 (1) = 5 ? and add to equation (2).
2−0+3=5 −3 x − 3 y − 3 z = − 9
5 = 5 True 3x − 3 y − 4 z = − 1
Solution set: {(2, 0,1)} −6 y − 7 z = −10 (4)
Eliminate x and y by multiplying equation (3)
53. x − 3 y − 2 z = −3 (1) by −1 and add to equation (1).
3x + 2 y − z = 12 (2) x+ y+ z = 3
− x − y + 4 z = 3 (3) − x − y − 3z = −11
Eliminate x by adding equations (1) and (3) to − 2z = − 8 ⇒ z = 4
get −4 y + 2 z = 0 (4). Using z = 4, find y from equation (4) by
Eliminate x by multiplying equation (3) by 3 substitution.
and add to equation (2). −6 y − 7 (4) = −10 ⇒ −6 y − 28 = −10 ⇒
−3x − 3 y + 12 z = 9 −6 y = 18 ⇒ y = −3
3x + 2 y − z = 12 Substitute −3 for y and 4 for z in equation (1)
− y + 11z = 21 (5) to find x.
Multiply equation (5) by −4 and add to x + ( −3) + 4 = 3 ⇒ x + 1 = 3 ⇒ x = 2
equation (4) in order to eliminate y. Verify that the ordered triple (2, −3, 4)
− 4 y + 2z = 0
satisfies all three equations.
4 y − 44 z = −84
− 42 z = −84 ⇒ z = 2 (continued on next page)

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512 Chapter 5 Systems and Matrices

(continued) Check:
2 x + 6 y − z = 6 (1)
x + y + z = 3 (1)
() ()
Check:
2 + (−3) + 4 = 3 ? 2 12 + 6 32 − ( −1) = 6 ?
3 = 3 True 1+ 4 +1 = 6
6 = 6 True
3x − 3 y − 4 z = −1 (2)
3 (2) − 3 ( −3) − 4 ( 4) = −1 ? 4 x − 3 y + 5 z = −5 (2)
6 + 9 − 16 = −1 () ()
4 2 − 3 23 + 5 ( −1) = −5 ?
1

−1 = −1 True 2 − 2 − 5 = −5
x + y + 3z = 11 (3) −5 = −5 True
2 + (−3) + 3 (4) = 11 ? 6 x + 9 y − 2 z = 11 (3)
2 − 3 + 12 = 11 () ()
6 2 + 9 32 − 2 ( −1) = 11 ?
1

11 = 11 True 3 + 6 + 2 = 11
Solution set: {(2, −3, 4)} 11 = 11 True

55. 2 x + 6 y − z = 6 (1)
Solution set: {( 1
2
, 23 , − 1 )}
4 x − 3 y + 5 z = −5 (2)
56. 8 x − 3 y + 6 z = −2 (1)
6 x + 9 y − 2 z = 11 (3)
4 x + 9 y + 4 z = 18 (2)
Eliminate y by multiplying equation (2) by 2 12 x − 3 y + 8 z = −2 (3)
and add to equation (1).
Eliminate y by multiplying equation (1) by 3
2x + 6 y − z = 6
and add to equation (2).
8 x − 6 y + 10 z = −10 24 x − 9 y + 18 z = −6
10 x + 9 z = − 4 (4) 4 x + 9 y + 4 z = 18
Eliminate y by multiplying equation (2) by 3 28 x + 22 z = 12 ⇒ 14 x + 11z = 6 (4)
and add to equation (3). Eliminate y by multiplying equation (3) by −1
6 x + 9 y − 2 z = 11 and add to equation (1).
8x − 3 y + 6 z = − 2
12 x − 9 y + 15 z = −15 −12 x + 3 y − 8 z = 2
18 x + 13z = − 4 (5) − 4x − 2 z = 0 ⇒ −2 x − z = 0 (5)
Multiply equation (4) by 9 and equation (5) by Multiply equation (5) by 7 and add to equation
−5 and add in order to eliminate x. (4) in order to eliminate x.
90 x + 81z = −36 14 x + 11z = 6
−90 x − 65 z = 20 −14 x − 7 z = 0
16 z = −16 ⇒ z = −1 4z = 6 ⇒ z = 3
2
Using z = −1, find x from equation (4) by Using z = 32 , find x from equation (5) by
substitution.
substitution.
10 x + 9 ( −1) = −4 ⇒ 10 x − 9 = −4
−2 x − 32 = 0 ⇒ −2 x = 3
⇒ x = − 34
10 x = 5 ⇒ x = 12 2

Substitute − 34 for x and 3

for z in equation (1)
Substitute 1
2
for x and −1 for z in equation 2
to find y.
( ) ( 32 ) = −2 ⇒ −6 − 3 y + 9 = −2 ⇒
(1) to find y.
8 − 34 − 3 y + 6
2 ( 12 ) + 6 y − (−1) = 6 ⇒ 1 + 6 y + 1 = 6 ⇒ 3 − 3 y = −2 ⇒ −3 y = −5 ⇒ y = 5
6y + 2 = 6 ⇒ 6y = 4 ⇒ y = 2 3

( )
3
Verify that the ordered triple − 34 , 53 , 32
Verify that the ordered triple ( 12 , 23 , − 1) satisfies all three equations.
satisfies all three equations.

(continued on next page)

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 Section 5.1 Systems of Linear Equations 513

(continued) Check: 2 x − 3 y + 2 z − 3 = 0 (1)

Check: 8 x − 3 y + 6 z = −2 (1) 2 (−3) − 3 (1) + 2 (6) − 3 = 0 ?
−6 − 3 + 12 − 3 = 0
( ) () ()
8 − − 3 53 + 6 23 = −2 ?
3
4 0 = 0 True
−6 − 5 + 9 = −2
4 x + 8 y + z − 2 = 0 (2)
−2 = −2 True
4 (−3) + 8 (1) + 6 − 2 = 0
4 x + 9 y + 4 z = 18 (2)
−12 + 8 + 6 − 2 = 0 ?
( ) () ()
4 − 34 + 9 53 + 4 32 = 18 ? 0 = 0 True
−3 + 15 + 6 = 18 − x − 7 y + 3z − 14 = 0 (3)
18 = 18 True − ( −3) − 7 (1) + 3 (6) − 14 = 0 ?
12 x − 3 y + 8 z = −2 (3) 3 − 7 + 18 − 14 = 0
( ) () ()
12 − 34 − 3 53 + 8 32 = −2 ? 0 = 0 True
−9 − 5 + 12 = −2 Solution set: {(−3,1, 6)}
−2 = −2 True
Solution set: {(− 3
4
, 53 , 32 )} 58. − x + 2 y − z − 1 = 0 (1)
− x − y − z + 2 = 0 (2)
x − y + 2 z − 2 = 0 (3)
57. 2 x − 3 y + 2 z − 3 = 0 (1)
4 x + 8 y + z − 2 = 0 (2) Eliminate x by adding equations (1) and (3).
− x − 7 y + 3 z − 14 = 0 (3) − x + 2y − z −1 = 0
x − y + 2z − 2 = 0
Eliminate x by multiplying equation (3) by 2 and
add to equation (1). y + z − 3 = 0 (4)
2x− 3y + 2z − 3 = 0 Eliminate x by adding equations (2) and (3).
− 2 x − 14 y + 6 z − 28 = 0 −x− y− z+2=0
− 17 y + 8 z − 31 = 0 (4) x − y + 2z − 2 = 0
Eliminate x by multiplying equation (3) by 4 and − 2y + z = 0 (5)
add to equation (2). Multiply equation (5) by −1 and add to
4x + 8 y + z − 2 = 0 equation (4) order to eliminate z.
− 4 x − 28 y + 12 z − 56 = 0 y+ z−3= 0
− 20 y + 13 z − 58 = 0 (5) 2y − z =0
Multiply equation (5) by 17, equation (4) by 3y −3= 0 ⇒ y =1
−20, and add in order to eliminate y. Using y = 1, find z from equation (5) by
340 y − 160 z + 620 = 0 substitution.
−340 y + 221z − 986 = 0 −2 (1) + z = 0 ⇒ −2 + z = 0 ⇒ z = 2
61z − 366 = 0 ⇒ z = 6 Substitute 1 for y and 2 for z in equation (1) to
Using z = 6, find y from equation (5) by find x.
substitution. − x + 2 (1) − 2 − 1 = 0 ⇒ − x + 2 − 2 − 1 = 0 ⇒
−20 y + 13 (6) − 58 = 0 ⇒ −20 y + 78 − 58 = 0 − x − 1 = 0 ⇒ −1 = x
−20 y + 20 = 0 ⇒ −20 y = −20 ⇒ y = 1 Verify that the ordered triple (−1,1, 2)
Substitute 1 for y and 6 for z in equation (1) to satisfies all three equations.
find x. Check: − x + 2 y − z − 1 = 0 (1)
2 x − 3 (1) + 2 (6) − 3 = 0 ⇒ 2 x − 3 + 12 − 3 = 0 ⇒ − (−1) + 2 (1) − 2 − 1 = 0 ?
2 x + 6 = 0 ⇒ 2 x = −6 ⇒ x = −3 1+ 2 − 2 −1 = 0
Verify that the ordered triple (−3,1, 6) satisfies 0 = 0 True
all three equations. − x − y − z + 2 = 0 (2)
− ( −1) − 1 − 2 + 2 = 0
1−1− 2 + 2 = 0 ?
0 = 0 True

(continued on next page)

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514 Chapter 5 Systems and Matrices

(continued) 61. 5 x − 4 y + z = 9 (1)

y + z = 15 (2)
x − y + 2 z − 2 = 0 (3)
−1 − 1 + 2 ( 2 ) − 2 = 0 ? Multiply equation (2) by −1 and add to
equation (1) in order to eliminate z.
−1 − 1 + 4 − 2 = 0
5x − 4 y + z = 9
0 = 0 True
− y − z = −15
Solution set: {(−1,1, 2)} 5x − 5 y = − 6 (3)
Solve equation (3) for y.
59. x − 2 y + 3z = 6 (1)
5 x − 5 y = −6 ⇒ −5 y = −5 x − 6 ⇒
2 x − y + 2 z = 5 (2)
−5 x − 6 5 x + 6
Multiply equation (2) by −2 and add to y= =
−5 5
equation (1) in order to eliminate y.
Express z in terms of x by solving equation (1)
x − 2 y + 3z = 6
−4 x + 2 y − 4 z = −10 for z and substituting 5 x5+ 6 for y.
−3 x − z = − 4 (3) 5 x − 4 y + z = 9 ⇒ z = −5 x + 4 y + 9 ⇒
Solve equation (3) for z. ⎛ 5x + 6 ⎞
z = −5 x + 4 ⎜ +9
−3x − z = −4 ⇒ − z = 3x − 4 ⇒ z = −3x + 4 ⎝ 5 ⎟⎠
Express y in terms of x by solving equation (1) −25 x + 20 x + 24 + 45 −5 x + 69
for y and substituting −3x + 4 for z. = =
5 5
x − 2 y + 3 z = 6 ⇒ −2 y = − x − 3 z + 6 ⇒ With x arbitrary, the solution set is of the form
− x − 3z + 6 x + 3z − 6 ⎧ ⎛ 5 x + 6 −5 x + 69 ⎞ ⎫
y= = ⇒
−2 2 ⎨ ⎜ x, , ⎟⎠ ⎬ .
x + 3 ( −3 x + 4) − 6 x − 9 x + 12 − 6 ⎩⎝ 5 5 ⎭
y= =
2 2 62. 3x − 5 y − 4 z = − 7 (1)
−8 x + 6 y − z = −13 (2)
= = −4 x + 3
2 Multiply equation (2) by 5 and add to equation
With x arbitrary, the solution set is of the form (1) in order to eliminate y.
{ }
( x, −4 x + 3, −3x + 4) . 3x − 5 y − 4 z = − 7
5 y − 5 z = −65
60. 3x − 2 y + z = 15 (1) 3x − 9 z = − 72 (3)
x + 4 y − z = 11 (2)
Solve equation (3) for z.
Multiply equation (1) by 2 and add to equation 3x − 9 z = −72 ⇒ −9 z = −72 − 3 x ⇒
(2) in order to eliminate y. −72 − 3x 24 + x
6 x − 4 y + 2 z = 30 z= =
−9 3
x + 4 y − z = 11
Express y in terms of x by solving equation (1)
7x + z = 41 (3)
for y and substituting 243+ x for z.
Solve equation (3) for z.
7 x + z = 41 ⇒ z = −7 x + 41 3x − 5 y − 4 z = − 7 ⇒ −5 y = −3x + 4 z − 7 ⇒
−3 x + 4 z − 7 3 x − 4 z + 7
Express y in terms of x by solving equation (1) y= =
for y and substituting −7 x + 41 for z. −5 5
3x − 2 y + z = 15 ⇒ −2 y = −3x − z + 15 ⇒
y=
( )
3x − 4 243+ x + 7 9 x − 4 (24 + x ) + 21
=
−3x − z + 15 3x + z − 15
y= = 5 15
−2 2 9 x − 96 − 4 x + 21 −75 + 5 x
3x + (−7 x + 41) − 15 = =
= 15 15
2 −15 + x
=
−4 x + 26 3
= = −2 x + 13
2 With x arbitrary, the solution set is of the form
With x arbitrary, the solution set is of the form ⎧ ⎛ −15 + x 24 + x ⎞ ⎫
{ }
( x, −2 x + 13, −7 x + 41) . ⎨ ⎜ x,
⎩⎝ 3
,
3 ⎠⎭
⎟⎬.

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 Section 5.1 Systems of Linear Equations 515

63. 3x + 4 y − z = 13 (1) 65. 3x + 5 y − z = −2 (1)

x + y + 2 z = 15 (2) 4 x − y + 2 z = 1 (2)
Multiply equation (2) by −4 and add to − 6 x − 10 y + 2 z = 0 (3)
equation (1) in order to eliminate y. Multiply equation (1) by 2 and add the result
3x + 4 y − z = 13 to equation (3).
−4 x − 4 y − 8 z = −60 6 x + 10 y − 2 z = −4
−x − 9 z =− 47 (3) − 6 x − 10 y + 2 z = 0
Solve equation (3) for z. 0 = −4
− x − 9 z = −47 ⇒ −9 z = −47 + x ⇒ We obtain a false statement. The solution set
−47 + x 47 − x is ∅, and the system is inconsistent.
z= =
−9 9
66. 3x + y + 3z = 1 (1)
Express y in terms of x by solving equation (2)
x + 2 y − z = 2 (2)
for y and substituting 479− x for z. 2 x − y + 4 z = 4 (3)
x + y + 2 z = 15 ⇒ y = − x − 2 z + 15 ⇒ Multiply equation (2) by 3 and add the result
⎛ 47 − x ⎞ to equation (1) in order to eliminate z.
y = −x − 2 ⎜ + 15
⎝ 9 ⎟⎠ 3x + y + 3z = 1
−9 x − 2 ( 47 − x ) + 135 3x + 6 y − 3z = 6
=
9 6x + 7 y = 7 (4)
−9 x − 94 + 2 x + 135 41 − 7 x
= = Multiply equation (2) by 4 and add the result
9 9 to equation (3) in order to eliminate z.
With x arbitrary, the solution set is of the form 4x + 8 y − 4z = 8
⎧ ⎛ 41 − 7 x 47 − x ⎞ ⎫ 2x − y + 4z = 4
⎨ ⎜ x, , ⎟⎬.
⎩⎝ 9 9 ⎠⎭ 6x + 7 y = 12 (5)
64. x − y + z = −6 (1) Multiply equation (4) by –1 and add the result
4 x + y + z = 7 (2) to equation (5).
Add equations (1) and (2) in order to eliminate − 6 x − 7 y = −7
y. 6 x + 7 y = 12
x − y + z = −6
4x + y + z = 7 0= 5
5 x + 2 z = 1 (3) This is a false statement. The solution set is
∅, and the system is inconsistent.
Solve equation (3) for z.
−5 x + 1 67. 5 x − 4 y + z = 0 (1)
5 x + 2 z = 1 ⇒ 2 z = −5 x + 1 ⇒ z =
2 x+ y = 0 (2)
Express y in terms of x by solving equation (1) −10 x + 8 y − 2 z = 0 (3)
for y and substituting −52x +1 for z. Multiply equation (2) by 4 and add the result
to equation (1) in order to eliminate y.
x − y + z = −6 ⇒ − y = − x − z − 6 ⇒
−5 x + 1 5x − 4 y + z = 0
y = x+ z+6= x+ +6 4x + 4 y =0
2
2 x − 5 x + 1 + 12 −3 x + 13 9x + z = 0 (4)
= =
2 2 Multiply equation (2) by −8 and add the
With x arbitrary, the solution set is of the form result to equation (3) in order to eliminate y.
⎧ ⎛ −3x + 13 −5 x + 1 ⎞ ⎫ − 8x − 8 y =0
⎨ ⎜ x, , ⎟⎬ .
⎩⎝ 2 2 ⎠⎭ −10 x + 8 y − 2 z = 0
−18 x − 2 z = 0 (5)

(continued on next page)

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Other documents randomly have
different content
 “Aha!” thought Standish, “it is well that I have wormed the truth
out of this boy. Wentworth actually wants to pay me the pitiful sum
of two hundred dollars for evidence that will save him twenty
thousand. It won’t go down, Mr. Wentworth! it won’t go down!
“Give me the papers,” he said aloud, “and I will do what I can for
you. I feel a sympathy for you, my dear young friend, but I must of
course consult the interests of my employer.”
“Meaning Mr. Wentworth?”
“Yes; you will of course conjecture that I am acting as his agent.”
“I thought so,” returned Gerald. “I didn’t think the man was so
unscrupulous.”
“Perhaps it would inconvenience, or ruin him to pay so large a
sum as twenty thousand dollars,” suggested Standish.
“Not at all. He is worth, I have reason to believe, over three
hundred thousand dollars.”
“Is it possible?” said Standish, his eyes sparkling. “Then he is a
very rich man. Where did he get his money?”
“It was left him by his uncle. But for my father he would have
been disinherited.”
“That is why you call it a debt of honor?”
“Yes.”
“He hasn’t done the fair thing, I must confess. Let anybody
secure me an inheritance of three hundred thousand dollars, and I
won’t haggle about paying a twenty thousand dollar fee.”
“I am sorry Mr. Wentworth’s sentiments are not as liberal as
yours.”
“Exactly so. I would have treated your father a great deal better.
Mr. Wentworth is evidently a mean man. Still he is my employer and
I must do what I can for him. Still my sympathies are with you.”
“You have played me a mean trick, Mr. Standish.”
“I admit it, but it isn’t my fault. My poverty, and not my will,
consents. However, we are losing time. Will you do me the favor of
handing me the papers?”
 “Do you insist upon it?” asked Gerald in apparent mortification.
“I must, for reasons which you understand,” said Standish,
extending his hand for the expected papers.
Gerald unbuttoned his vest, and from an inner pocket drew out
the duplicate documents, or rather the copies of the original papers.
Standish took the two letters and ran his eye over them eagerly.
“I am not surprised that Mr. Wentworth wanted these letters,” he
said. “They are a confession in so many words that he committed
forgery, and hired your father to bear the blame, in consideration of
a large sum which he promised to pay when all danger was over and
the estate was his.”
“You have stated the matter clearly, Mr. Standish.”
“Your father was badly used.”
“His life was ruined,” said Gerald bitterly, “his life and his
prospects, for his employer. Mr. Wentworth’s uncle intended to give
him an interest in the business. As it was he died with the conviction
that my father was a forger.”
“It’s too bad, it is upon my honor.”
“Then you will return me the papers?”
“I couldn’t do that. I am a poor man, and the money that
Wentworth is to give me is of great importance to me. If you could
raise five or six hundred dollars, I might afford to return them to
you.”
“That will be quite impossible, Mr. Standish.”
“Then I am afraid I must retain the papers. It goes to my heart
to do it, I assure you. I am a very tender-hearted man, Gerald, but I
am a poor man, and I feel that I must not injure my own interests. I
will do what I can for you, however, and I may be able to persuade
Mr. Wentworth to give you something. Now I must bid you good
morning.”
Samuel Standish opened the door, and prepared to go out.
“In an hour you will be released,” he said. “I shall leave directions
with Tip.”
 As he went downstairs, Gerald settled back in his chair, trying to
resign himself to remaining for another hour in the shabby room.
 CHAPTER XXIX.

GERALD IS RELEASED.

At length the door was opened and Gerald was free to leave his
place of confinement.
There was a cunning smile on Tip’s weazened face.
“I say, boss,” he said. “Ain’t you goin’ to give me somethin’ for
lettin’ you out?”
Gerald was amused in spite of himself.
“I ought rather to punish you for getting me into such a scrape.”
“’Twasn’t me. ’Twas Uncle Sam that made me do it.”
“I know that, and for that reason I will forgive you. You were
paid for luring me in here, and ought to be satisfied with that. So Mr.
Standish is your uncle?”
“That is what he says. I couldn’t swear to it.”
“Perhaps he will leave you some money in his will.”
“He ain’t got no money,” said Tip contemptuously. “He’s strapped
most of the time. Did you give him any?”
“No.”
“Didn’t he take your pocketbook?”
“No.”
Tip looked puzzled.
 “Then what did he want you shut up for?”
“I had some papers that he wanted.”
“Did you give them to him?”
“Yes.”
“War they worth much?”
“He thought they were.”
Tip was silent a moment.
“I wish I’d known that,” he said, after a pause.
“Suppose you had?” inquired Gerald curiously.
“I’d have let you out before he came for five dollars.”
“That is very kind of you, Tip. What would your uncle have done
to you?”
“He’d have licked me, but I’d stand a lickin’ any time for five
dollars.”
“I see, Tip, you are a sharp boy. I haven’t any hard feelings
against you. I hope you will grow up a good man.”
Tip shook his head.
“It ain’t likely,” he said. “There ain’t many good boys round here.
This ain’t a Sunday-school neighborhood.”
“I am afraid it isn’t,” thought Gerald. “I fear Tip isn’t likely to turn
out a good man or a model citizen. He is smart enough, but he isn’t
using his smartness in the right way.”
“Where have you been, Gerald?” asked Mr. Brooke, when his
secretary returned to the hotel. “You don’t often come back late to
lunch.”
“I was unavoidably detained, Mr. Brooke. In other words, I was
imprisoned.”
“Is that true?” asked the English tourist in surprise. “Please
explain yourself.”
Gerald did so.
“So the papers were taken?”
 “Yes, they are gone,” answered Gerald, smiling. “I should like to
see Mr. Wentworth when he discovers that he has been duped.”
“He and his agent will both be disappointed. Do you know if he is
in the city?”
“I believe he is at the Southern Hotel.”
“Waiting till his agent has secured the papers, I presume?”
“I suppose so.”
“Really, Gerald, this is an excellent joke. I don’t think he will
make any further attempt to rob you. We can afford to laugh, but it
might have been quite otherwise.”
Meanwhile Mr. Standish made his way slowly towards the
Southern Hotel. He was plunged in deep thought. Should he give up
the papers to Mr. Wentworth, or should he stand out for a larger
sum? He had been promised two hundred dollars, but his principal
had repeatedly offered a thousand dollars for them, and he
persuaded himself that he ought to receive at least half this amount.
He could not quite make up his mind what to do, and was still in a
state of indecision when he reached the handsome hotel where Mr.
Wentworth was a guest.
He entered the office, and did not have far to look, for Bradley
Wentworth was standing at the news counter where he had just
purchased a Chicago paper.
“Well?” he said eagerly when he saw Standish enter. “What
news?”
“I’ve got the papers,” nodded Standish.
“You have? Give them to me.”
“Wait a minute, Mr. Wentworth. I want to see you alone.”
“Oh, very well! Come up-stairs.”
They boarded the elevator and stopped at the second landing,
where Mr. Wentworth led the way to a front room, of which he
unlocked the door and bade Standish enter.
“Give me the papers,” he said, “and I will give you a check.”
 Samuel Standish made no motion to get the papers. Wentworth
eyed him in some surprise.
“What is the matter?” he asked.
Standish cleared his throat.
“You agree to give me two hundred dollars,” he said, “while I find
that you have more than once offered the boy a thousand dollars for
them.”
“Who told you that?”
“Gerald himself.”
“It is a lie,” said Wentworth harshly. “Do you think I am a fool?”
“No; I think you are a very shrewd man. The papers are worth all
that you offered for them?”
“How do you know? How can you judge?” demanded Wentworth
hastily.
“I have read them, and the boy explained the circumstances.”
Bradley Wentworth turned red. He saw that his secret was
exposed, and that this man knew that he had once been a forger.
“You can’t depend upon what the boy told you,” he said.
“It is confirmed by the letters.”
“You had no right to read the letters. It was a breach of faith.”
“I don’t look at it in that light. I wanted to be sure that they were
the papers I was instructed to secure.”
“Very well. I will excuse you. Give me the papers and I will give
you two hundred dollars, as I promised.”
“I must have five hundred,” said Standish firmly. “Even then you
will save five hundred. If you had bargained with the boy you would
have been obliged to give him a thousand.”
Then ensued a wordy wrangle, not necessary to detail.
Wentworth, after trying in vain to keep Standish to the original
agreement, finally paid him three hundred and fifty dollars, two
hundred in bills and one hundred and fifty in a check payable to the
order of Samuel Standish. Though he had not secured as much as
he desired, Mr. Standish was reasonably satisfied, not for years
having had so large a sum in his possession.
Bradley Wentworth was about to examine the papers when a
bell-boy came up with a telegram. Wentworth tore it open hastily.
It was an urgent summons to return, as matters of importance
demanded his presence at the factory.
He thrust the papers into his pocket.
“I am called home to Seneca,” he said. “I must catch the next
train for Chicago, if possible. I will not detain you any longer, as I
have no time to give you.”
“All right, Mr. Wentworth! I don’t want to interfere with your
plans. My acquaintance with you has been very agreeable, and, as I
trust, for our mutual advantage. I hope you may some time have
further occasion to employ my services. Good day, sir!”
Bradley Wentworth was already packing his valise, and did not
think it necessary to notice his agent’s farewell greeting.
“Three hundred and fifty dollars!” soliloquized Standish. “Did I
ever have as much money before? I can’t remember the occasion.
Mr. Samuel Standish, you can afford to live comfortably for a time.
Did I do well to part with the papers, or should I have stood out for
a larger sum? It is hard to tell. They must be worth more to the boy
than this, but it is not likely he had money enough to buy them. On
the whole, Samuel, you have probably done as well as you could.”
It will be remembered that Mr. Standish had a room at the
Lindell. As he entered the hotel he met Gerald in the corridor.
“So you have got back?” he said with a pleasant smile.
“Yes,” answered Gerald.
“I thought Tip could be relied upon. I prefer you won’t cherish
any hard feelings on account of the events of the morning.”
“Have you still got the papers, Mr. Standish?” asked Gerald
abruptly.
“No.”
“Then I suppose you have given them to Mr. Wentworth?”
 “Yes; I would much rather have given them back to you, but I
judged that you had not money enough to purchase them.”
“Mr. Standish,” said Gerald composedly, “I wouldn’t give five
dollars to have the papers back.”
“But,” stammered Standish, “you said Mr. Wentworth offered you
a thousand dollars for them.”
“For the originals, yes. Those I delivered to you were copies.”
Standish seemed transfixed with amazement.
“But the originals? Where are they?” he asked.
“Where neither you nor Mr. Wentworth can get hold of them.”
When Standish had recovered from his astonishment he burst
into a hearty laugh.
“The old man’s been fooled,” he said. “Serves him right for being
so mean.”
 CHAPTER XXX.

TIDINGS OF THE FUGITIVE.

It was not until Bradley Wentworth was on board the train that
was to bear him to Chicago that he drew out the letters which he
had secured through the agency of Standish and examined them.
He almost leaped from his seat in anger and disappointment.
“They are fraudulent, and not worth the paper they are written
on,” he at once decided. “And I have actually given that scoundrel
three hundred and fifty dollars for them. Why didn’t I take the
precaution to examine them before handing over the money?”
He examined them again. They might be fraudulent, for the
handwriting was not his, but they were word for word similar to the
genuine letters which he had written many years since to Warren
Lane. The question arose, Who had copied them? Was it Standish?
He dismissed this supposition as very improbable, and adopted the
theory that the genuine letters were not in existence—that Warren
Lane had given these to his son as a record of what had passed
between himself and Wentworth.
“In that case,” he reflected with satisfaction, “the boy has no hold
upon me. I have only to deny all knowledge of the letters and
stigmatize them as part of a conspiracy to extort money from me on
false charges. It is worth three hundred and fifty dollars to find this
out.”
 So Wentworth’s anger was succeeded by a feeling of satisfaction.
“It is better to pay three hundred and fifty dollars than a
thousand,” he reflected, “and that was the sum I was ready to give
Gerald. On the whole my meeting with this fellow Standish was a
fortunate one. I shall destroy these letters, and with them will perish
the only evidence of my crime.”
When Mr. Wentworth reached home he found among his letters
the following written in a regular schoolboy hand:
“Dear Sir:
“Your son Victor and I are in hard luck. We are staying at a poor
boarding-house in Kansas City, and have only enough money to pay this
week’s board. I have sent to my guardian for a remittance, and expect it
within a few days, but Victor’s money gave out some time since. As I
know you are a rich man I do not feel called upon to pay his expenses. I
shall have only enough left for myself.
“Will you telegraph money at once to Victor, No. 125 H. Street, and I
will advise him to take the money and go home.
“Yours respectfully,
“Arthur Grigson.”

Bradley Wentworth read this letter with a mixture of feelings. He

had been very anxious about his son, but he was not a soft-hearted
man, and now that he knew him to be alive his heart hardened.
“He hasn’t suffered enough,” he said to himself. “If I forgive him
too quickly he will do the same thing again. He has dared to disobey
me, and he must be made to understand that he has been guilty of
a serious offense. This fellow Grigson has the hardihood to suggest
that I telegraph money to Kansas City. If I should do so he would
probably claim a share of it, and instead of returning, the two would
very likely continue their journey.”
Under the influence of these feelings Mr. Wentworth wrote the
following letter:
“Mr. Arthur Grigson:
“You have done me the honor to write me suggesting that I should
telegraph money to my son, who took the bold step of leaving the school,
where I had placed him, without my permission. Your letter contains no
 expression of regret for this flagrant act of disobedience, and I assume
that neither you nor Victor feels any. No doubt you find it inconvenient to
be without money, and it naturally occurs to you to apply to me. You may
say to Victor that as he appears to think himself independent of me, and
has shown a disregard for my wishes, I think it may be well for him to
keep on a little longer. I do not feel under any obligation to help him home
from Kansas City, since he went there without my permission. Whenever
he returns home, and shows proper regret for his disobedience I will
consider what I may be disposed to do for him.
“Bradley Wentworth.”

Hard as his nature was Bradley Wentworth did not send away
this letter without momentary compunction. So far as he was
capable of affection he was attached to his son. But he was a man
who required implicit obedience, and Victor’s flight had excited his
sternest indignation. He was a proud man, and was not willing to
show signs of softening though he really yearned to see his absent
son.
He held the letter in his hands undecided whether to send it or
not, but pride finally gained the ascendency, and he dropped it into
the box in which he deposited his outgoing mail.
“He will see that I am not to be trifled with,” he soliloquized, as
he closed his lips firmly.
So the letter went on its cruel mission.
 CHAPTER XXXI.

THE YOUNG RUNAWAYS.

In a small, plainly furnished room in Kansas City sat two boys of

sixteen and seventeen. One of them was Victor Wentworth, the
other his schoolmate and the companion of his flight, Arthur
Grigson.
Victor looked despondent. He had a pleasant but weak face, in
which little or no resemblance could be traced to his father. The
latter’s hard nature was wholly wanting in Victor. He resembled his
mother, now dead, who had been completely under the domination
of her husband.
“I wonder if our letters will come to-day, Arthur,” he said
anxiously.
“I hope so. I expected before this that your father would
telegraph money.”
“You don’t know my father, Arthur,” said Victor sadly. “No doubt
he is very angry with me, and I am not sure that he will send me
any money at all.”
“You are an only son, are you not?”
“Yes.”
“And your father is very rich?”
“Yes.”
 “Then he won’t be such a beast as to refuse. Isn’t he rather close
with you?”
“Yes.”
“Rather mean, in fact. It costs money to telegraph. I presume it
is on this account that he has written you by mail.”
“If he doesn’t write, what shall I do?” said Victor. “I have only
twenty-five cents left, and that will barely buy my dinner.”
“I haven’t much more,” said Arthur, “but I don’t worry.”
“No, for you have money of your own, and are sure to get
something.”
“I am not one of the worrying kind,” said Arthur. “I wouldn’t be
as nervous as you are on any account.”
“I can’t help it.”
“If your father is like you he will be so worried about you that he
will be sure to send the money, or else come on himself. Perhaps he
will do that.”
Victor shook his head.
“He isn’t like me at all, Arthur. He is a very stern man. Oh, how
foolish I was to leave school, but you persuaded me to do it!”
“Oh, you throw all the blame on me, do you?” returned Arthur in
an unpleasant tone. “You were in for it as much as I was.”
“I didn’t know what I was doing,” said Victor in an unsteady
voice.
“Do try to be more manly! One would think you were in danger
of going to prison!” exclaimed the stronger-minded Arthur, in ill-
concealed disgust.
“I don’t know but I shall. I can’t starve, and I may have to steal
when my money is gone.”
“You’d better get a place and work. That will be better than to
starve or go to jail.”
“That is true. I didn’t think of that,” said Victor, brightening up.
“But I don’t know what I can do. I never did any kind of work. I am
afraid no one will employ me.”
 “Then set up in business for yourself. You can sell papers if you
can’t do anything else. That is, if you are not too proud to do it.”
“I am not too proud to do anything,” said the miserable Victor, “if
I can make a living!”
“Good for you! That shows that you are not a snob, any way.
What do you think your rich and aristocratic father would say if he
should learn that his son was a newsboy?”
“He wouldn’t like it, and I don’t like it myself, but I shall not be
ashamed to do it, if it is necessary.”
“I admire your spunk, Victor.”
“I am afraid I haven’t got much,” said Victor, shaking his head.
“Oh, what a fool I have been! If I were only out of this scrape, I’ll
never get into another.”
“It may all come right. It’s time we got letters. When we do we’ll
start for home.”
At this instant there was a knock at the door, and the landlady, a
stout woman with a red face, appeared.
“Here’s two letters just come!” she said.
Both boys sprang to their feet in excitement.
“One for each of us!” said Victor gladly.
“No; they are both for Mr. Grigson.”
Victor dropped into his seat in despondency.
“None for me!” he murmured.
“Better luck next time!” said the landlady. Meanwhile Arthur had
torn open one of his letters.
“Hurrah!” he said. “There’s fifty dollars inside.”
“Who is the other from?”
“It is postmarked Seneca. It must be from your father.”
 CHAPTER XXXII.

ARTHUR GRIGSON’S TREACHERY.

“Open the letter, quick!” cried Victor in feverish anxiety. “I don’t

see why father didn’t write to me.”
The letter was opened. The reader is already acquainted with its
contents. Arthur read it aloud, and Victor turned sick with
disappointment.
“Well,” ejaculated Arthur, “if that isn’t a cold-blooded message for
a man to send to his own son! And he rolling in wealth!”
“I was afraid he would refuse to send me some money,” said
Victor. “What is that last sentence?”
“He says if you will come home he will see whether he will
forgive you—that’s the upshot of it.”
“But I can’t go home without money unless you will pay my way.
You will, won’t you, Arthur? I’ll pay you back just as soon as I can.”
“But you can’t, you know,” returned Arthur coldly. “Your father
has always given you a very small allowance, and you can’t save
anything out of that.”
“I will be sure to pay you some way.”
“You are very ready with your promises, but promises ain’t cash.
Look here, Victor, I’ve got only fifty dollars.”
“That’s a big sum.”
 “It’s got to last me some time. As for giving you fifteen or twenty
dollars, I can’t do it, and that settles it.”
“Are you going home?”
“I shall take the next train for Chicago.”
“And leave me here?” faltered Victor, turning pale.
“I don’t see what else I can do,” returned Arthur, his face
hardening.
“But I shall starve.”
“No; I will leave you two or three dollars, and I advise you to buy
some papers if you can’t get any other position.”
“How meanly you are treating me!” said Victor indignantly.
“I am sorry, of course, but it is the best I can do——”
“But for you I should not be here. Please remember that!”
“You were very ready to come when I proposed it,” retorted
Arthur.
“You promised to see me through. I didn’t have money enough
to come.”
“Well, I’ve kept my promise as well as I could. I was looking over
my accounts yesterday, and I find that I have spent for you thirteen
dollars and sixty-seven cents. Of course I shall never see a cent of it
back.”
“I will pay it if I live,” said Victor, his companion’s meanness
bringing a flush to his cheek. “I have just found you out. If I had
known how mean you were I would never have left school in your
company.”
“I wish you hadn’t. I didn’t suppose your father was such a miser.
I knew you were an only son, and I expected that he would come to
your help if you needed it. You mustn’t be so unreasonable. I am
going out to get my bill changed. Will you come, too?”
“I suppose I may as well,” said Victor, in a spiritless tone.
Arthur made his way to a railroad ticket-office and purchased a
ticket to Chicago.
 Victor turned away to hide the indignant tears that rose to his
eyes as he thought of his companion’s base desertion. It was on his
lips to beg Arthur to buy another ticket, but his pride checked him.
He felt that he had humiliated himself enough already.
On their way back they passed a periodical store.
On the window outside was a sign—

“Boy Wanted!”
“There’s your chance for a situation, Victor,” said Arthur, half in
joke.
Victor looked at the sign, and made up his mind. It was
absolutely necessary for him to get employment, and he might as
well work here as anywhere.
“Wait a minute,” he said.
He went in, expecting to meet a man, but found that the shop
was kept by a middle-aged woman. Victor had never been obliged to
rough it, and he colored up with embarrassment as he prepared to
apply for the place.
“I see you want a boy,” he said.
“Yes,” said the woman, very favorably impressed by Victor’s neat
appearance. “Have you ever worked in a store of this kind?”
“No; I have always attended school.”
“I won’t ask if you’re honest, for your looks speak in your favor.
Would you be willing to sleep in the back part of the store?”
“Yes,” answered Victor, relieved to think that this would save him
the expense of a room.
“When can you come?”
“At one o’clock if you wish. After I have eaten dinner.”
“Then I will engage you. You will receive four dollars and a half a
week. Is that satisfactory?”
“Yes,” answered Victor thankfully.
 He went out and told Arthur of his success. His companion was
relieved, for, selfish as he was, it troubled him to think that Victor
would be left in destitution.
“Good!” he said. “Now I advise you to write home, and see what
your father has to say. I will leave you three dollars to buy your
meals till your first week’s pay comes in.”
Mrs. Ferguson, the good Scotch lady who kept the periodical
store, would have been very much surprised if she had learned that
the quiet looking boy whom she had just engaged was the son of a
man worth over three hundred thousand dollars. Her mind was
occupied with other matters or she would have questioned Victor
more closely in regard to his history and antecedents. He was glad
she did not, for he would have felt some embarrassment in
confessing that he had run away from school and was a fugitive
from home.
He felt obliged to accept the three dollars offered him by Arthur
Grigson, since it was necessary to have money to pay for his meals
in the interval that must elapse before he would receive his first
week’s pay.
“I will pay you back, Arthur,” said he gratefully, as he took the
money from the boy who had been the cause of his trouble.
“Oh, that’s just as you like.”
“I would prefer to do it. I don’t care to be under any further
obligations to you.”
“Oh, don’t be foolish! You didn’t expect I’d strip myself of money
to give you a chance to go home?”
“You would have more than money enough to get us both home.
I wouldn’t have treated you as you have treated me.”
“Yes, you would, and I wouldn’t have blamed you. I may go over
to Seneca and tell your father how I left you. Maybe he’ll open his
heart and send you twenty dollars.”
Victor did not reply, but knowing his father as he did, he
cherished no such hopes. He tried to put a good face on the matter,
however, reflecting that he was at any rate safe from starving, and
would be able to live.
In the afternoon he went to work, and though evidently unused
to business soon learned to do what was required of him. He
seemed so willing that Mrs. Ferguson felt pleased with him, and did
not regret her hasty choice of a boy who had no recommendations
to offer.
The store closed at eight o’clock, and the shutters were put up.
Now came the hardest trial for Victor.
He had always been accustomed to a luxurious, or at all events,
cozy bedroom, even at school. Now he was to sleep in a dark store,
for the gas was put out, except one small jet in the rear. His bed was
a small, narrow one, only about eighteen inches wide, and close
behind the dark counter.
“This is where you will sleep,” said Mrs. Ferguson. “The bed is
small, but I guess you will find it wide enough.”
“I guess I can make it do,” answered Victor.
“You are to get up at seven o’clock and open the store. Then you
will sweep the floor and dust the books. I shall come at eight, and
will then let you off for half an hour for breakfast.”
“All right, ma’am.”
Mrs. Ferguson went out, and Victor, not feeling yet like sleep, sat
down on the side of the bed and began to reflect.
Only a few weeks ago he had been a member of a classical
school, recognized as the son of a rich man, and treated with the
more consideration on that account. Now he was a friendless boy,
obliged to earn a scanty living by his own labor. It might be
considered quite a come-down, but, strange as it may seem, Victor
was not altogether despondent. He inherited from his father a taste
for business, and had already begun to take an interest in his duties.
He would indeed have liked a larger income, for he was compelled to
eat at cheap and poor restaurants, but at any rate he felt happier
than he had done when traveling in Arthur Grigson’s company.
 At length he went to sleep, and slept comfortably for three hours
or more. Then he suddenly awoke, and none too soon. The window
at the rear of the store, leading out into the back yard, was half
open, and he saw the figure of a large man crawling through.
“It must be a burglar!” thought Victor, and his heart sank within
him.
 CHAPTER XXXIII.

INTERVIEWING A BURGLAR.

Victor was not a brave boy, and it must be confessed that he felt
dismayed when he saw the burglar, and realized that he was in
danger of serious personal injury, perhaps death. This, however, was
not his only feeling. He felt responsible for the safety of the goods in
the store, having been left on guard. In an emergency one can think
rapidly.
Prudence suggested to Victor to lie quite still and counterfeit
sleep. Resistance would of course be futile, for he was rather a
delicate boy of sixteen, and the burglar was nearly six feet in height
and looked as if he might weigh a hundred and eighty pounds.
The burglar, when he had effected his entrance, looked about
him to get his bearings.
His glance fell on Victor.
“Ha! a boy!” he exclaimed, and with one stride he reached the
pallet on which the shop-boy slept.
Stooping over, and flashing the dark lantern into Victor’s face he
saw his eyelids move.
“He is not asleep! He is only shamming,” he decided, and shook
him roughly.
 Victor opened his eyes and looked with alarm into the rough,
bearded face and fierce, forbidding eyes of the midnight intruder.
“Well, do you know who I am?” growled the burglar.
“I never saw you before.”
“That isn’t what I mean. Do you know why I am here?”
“To rob the store, I suppose,” answered Victor with a troubled
look.
“Right, my chicken! Did you see me get into the window?”
“Yes.”
“And then you closed your eyes and pretended to be asleep?”
“Yes.”
“I’m on to that trick. Do you see this?” and the burglar displayed
a piece of iron which Victor supposed to be a “jimmy.”
“Yes,” answered Victor, gazing at it as if fascinated.
“A little tap on your head with it and you’d be done for. That’s
what I call a hint to you to act sensibly and not interfere with what
don’t concern you. Now where’s the money?”
“I don’t think Mrs. Ferguson leaves any here. I expect she carries
all away with her.”
“You expect!” repeated the burglar frowning. “Don’t you know?”
“How long have you been employed in this store?”
“I only came this afternoon.”
“That accounts for it. Are you sure there is no money here?”
“I don’t think there is.”
“I’ll look about and see. If you know what’s best for yourself
you’ll keep quiet.”
Victor was compelled to look on in helpless anxiety while the
burglar rummaged the store. He managed to find a couple of dollars
in small change, which he pocketed grumblingly. A few small
ornamental articles he also took, and then made his exit from the
window after a parting threat to Victor.
 No sooner had he left the store than the latter sprang from the
bed, drew on his pantaloons hurriedly, and running to the outer door
unlocked it, and standing in the doorway looked up and down the
street.
By great good luck a policeman was just turning the corner.
When he saw the boy in partial undress at the door of the bookstore
he ran up, apprehending mischief.
“What’s the matter, bub?” he asked.
“The store has just been entered from the rear and the burglar,
after stealing what he thought worth taking, made his escape
through the back yard.”
Instantly the policeman tapped for assistance and three brother
officers made their appearance. After a hurried conference, two
went through the store to the back, while the other two
reconnoitered in front. The chances were in favor of the burglar’s
escape, but apprehending no danger he had made his way into the
next yard and was trying to enter the adjoining store. His
imprudence cost him his liberty.
In five minutes he was brought again through the window with a
stout policeman on each side. He scowled menacingly at Victor.
“You betrayed me, you young scoundrel!” he said.
“Keep your mouth shut!” said one of his captors.
“Answer me, did you call the police?” demanded the burglar, not
heeding the command.
“Yes,” answered Victor.
“I’ll get even with you, for betraying your old pal.”
“What?” ejaculated Victor.
“He’s one of us,” said the burglar, addressing the policemen. “We
got him into the store on purpose to help us. He only got the place
this afternoon.”
Then for the first time Victor fell under suspicion.
“Is this true?” asked one of the officers turning to the boy.
“It is true that I got the place this afternoon.”
 “And you know this man!”
“No; I never saw him before in my life.”
“That’s a lie, John Timmins, and you know it,” broke in the
burglar audaciously.
“Is your name John Timmins?” asked the policeman with
increased suspicion.
“No, sir. My name is Victor Wentworth.”
“Good, John. It does credit to your invention,” said the burglar
laughing. “That’s a high-toned name you’ve got now.”
“Is this true that you are saying? Do you know the boy?”
“Of course I do. His father, Dick Timmins, is my pal. I thought we
could trust the boy, but he’s betrayed me, the young rascal,
expectin’ a reward for his honesty. Oh, he’s a sly one, John is.”
Victor could hardly believe his ears. He understood at once that
this man was acting from revengeful motives, but he saw also that
the story made an impression on the police.
“You’ll have to go with us,” said one of the officers. “This man
has made a charge against you, and you will have to disprove it.”
Victor was compelled to dress hurriedly and accompany the
officers to the station-house. He was questioned by the sergeant,
who recognized the burglar and suspected his motive.
“What is your name?” he asked.
“Victor Wentworth.”
“Do you live in Kansas City?”
“No, sir. I have been stopping here a few days at a boarding-
house, but my money gave out and I was obliged to seek a
situation.”
“When did you secure it?”
“This afternoon.”
“Just what I told you,” said the burglar. “It was all fixed that John
should sleep there and open the window for me.”
“What have you to say to this?”
 “That it is a lie. This man wants to punish me for calling in the
police.”
“You’re lyin’, John Timmins, and you know it. Your father’ll whack
you for this.”
“Bring him here and let him claim me if he dare!” said Victor
angrily.
“Who is your father? Is his name Timmins?”
“No, sir. My father is Bradley Wentworth, of Seneca, Illinois.”
“We have an officer here who came from Seneca. He will tell us
whether your statement is correct. Ah, here he is! Hilton, come
here.”
A stout, pleasant-faced policeman entered the station house.
“Well, sir,” he responded, touching his cap.
“Look at this boy and tell me if you recognize him.”
Hilton approached, and as he scanned Victor’s face, said in
surprise, “Why, it’s Squire Wentworth’s son.”
“And he lives in Seneca?”
“Yes; I am surprised to see him here.”
Victor flushed.
“I left school without my father’s knowledge,” he said in
embarrassment.
“He is working in a bookstore here in town,” explained the
sergeant. “This man who has just been caught in the act of burglary
declares the boy to be John Timmins, the son of one of his pals.”
“That isn’t true. I recognize the boy as the son of Mr.
Wentworth.”
“That settles the matter. Young man, you are discharged. As for
the man who has testified falsely against you, he will find that he
has not improved his chances by so doing.”
Victor left the station-house, and returning to the store, resumed
his interrupted night’s rest. But the last hour had been so full of
excitement that it was at least two hours before he could compose
himself to sleep.
 “I’ve read about burglars,” thought Victor, as he called to mind
sundry dime novels that he had perused in his boarding-school days,
“but I never expected to meet one, or to be suspected of being his
accomplice.”
Before Mrs. Ferguson reached the store she had already read in
great excitement an account of how her place had been entered,
and gave Victor high praise for his success in causing the arrest of
the burglar.
 CHAPTER XXXIV.

A STRANGE MEETING.

Noel Brooke and Gerald remained at the Lindell Hotel beyond the
time originally fixed, as the former found an English friend
established in a prosperous business on Olive Street. Gilbert
Sandford was a man of forty-five, a pleasant, genial, man, who lived
in a fine house in the upper portion of the city. He had a wife and
three attractive children.
“Come and take dinner with me next Sunday, Noel,” he said in a
hospitable manner.
“I shall be glad to do so if you will let me bring my friend also.”
“By all means! Any friend of yours is welcome. Did he accompany
you from England?”
“No. It is a young American—a boy of sixteen—whom I met in
Colorado. We have been together three or four months now, and I
have become very much attached to him.”
“Bring him along by all means. My children will enjoy his
company.”
“By the way, how old is your oldest child?”
“Edward is fourteen, only two years younger than your friend.
The other two are girls. What is your friend’s name?”
“Gerald Lane.”
 “A good name. Is he fond of children?”
“Yes. In our travels he has frequently become acquainted with
children, and has always made himself a favorite with them.”
The next Sunday found Gerald and his employer dinner guests at
the handsome residence of Mr. Sandford. Before he left, Gerald had
made himself an established favorite with the entire Sandford family.
The merchant was particularly gracious to him. It was not long
before this partiality was to turn to his advantage.
Three weeks later Mr. Brooke received a letter from England
which he read with an expression of pain.
“Gerald,” he said, “this letter comes from my sister. My father is
seriously ill, and I shall be obliged to return to England at once.”
“I am very sorry,” said Gerald with sincere sympathy.
“One regret I have is, that it will compel us to separate for a time
at least.”
“I feared so, Mr. Brooke. I shall feel quite lost without you. I have
no relatives, and it will leave me alone in the world.”
“I would invite you to go to England with me if it were not a case
of sickness.”
“I should not expect it, Mr. Brooke. Besides, I am an American
boy, and I have my living to earn in America.”
“That gives me an idea. Remain here, please, till I return from
Mr. Sandford’s office. I must go there and acquaint him with my
recall.”
An hour later he returned to the hotel.
“I have engaged my passage from New York by next Saturday’s
steamer,” he said. “I shall leave St. Louis to-morrow morning.”
“Then I shall have to form my plans,” said Gerald.
“They are formed already. How would you like to go into the
employ of Mr. Sandford?”
“I would like nothing better.”
“He has a place provided for you. You will remain in the store
here for a short time, and then he will send you off on a special
mission.”
Gerald brightened up.
“I must be indebted to you for this, Mr. Brooke?” he said.
“Partly, but partly also to the pleasant impression which you
made on the whole family. You don’t ask what salary you are to
receive?”
“If it will pay my board with a little over I shall be satisfied.”
“It won’t pay for your board at this hotel.”
“I should not expect it. I will seek a fair boarding-house. Probably
I can get board for six or seven dollars a week?”
“I should think so. Your salary will be fifteen dollars a week.”
“But does Mr. Sandford know that I have no business
experience?”
“Yes, he knows it, but he thinks you have qualities that will
enable you to make a success.”
After hurried preparations Mr. Brooke left St. Louis, and the same
day Gerald moved to a plain, but cheerful boarding-house not far
from the store where he was to be employed.
He was at first occupied as stock clerk, and soon familiarized
himself with his duties. Three months later he had a summons from
Mr. Sandford, who received him in his office. There were about a
hundred clerks in the establishment, who got their orders in general
from the heads of the departments, and seldom were admitted to
interviews with their employer.
Gerald feared that he might have made some mistake and was to
receive a reprimand, but the pleasant expression on Mr. Sandford’s
face relieved him from apprehension at once.
“Sit down, Gerald,” said the merchant with a wave of the hand.
“Thank you, sir.”
“How long have you been in my employ?”
“Three months to-day, sir.”
“You are stock clerk?”
“Yes, sir.”
 “Have you learned something about the stock?”
“Yes, sir, I think so.”
“Mr. Hall”—this was the superintendent—“tells me that your
services are intelligently rendered and very satisfactory.”
“I am very glad that he is satisfied with me,” said Gerald
earnestly. “I have done my best.”
“And your best seems to be very good. How would you like to
travel for the house?”
Gerald knew that the position of drummer was courted by all the
resident clerks, and was considered a distinct promotion.
“I should like it very much, sir, but do you think I am old
enough?”
“You certainly are unusually young for such a position, and this,
of course, occurred to me, but you have had some experience in
traveling, though not on business, with our friend, Mr. Brooke.”
“Yes, sir.”
“And this experience will be of service to you. How old are you?”
“Nearly seventeen.”
“I have never employed a drummer under twenty, but I am
nevertheless inclined to give you a trial.”
“I will do my best for you and the house.”
“Then you will have a fair chance of succeeding. You may go and
ask Mr. Hall for instructions—I have spoken with him on the subject
—and I presume he will arrange to have you start on Monday next.”
Mr. Sandford bowed, and Gerald understood that the interview
was ended.
Two weeks later Gerald found himself in Kansas City. He had had
but a fortnight’s experience as a drummer, but he had met with
success exceeding his anticipations. Though his youth was against
him, and he often found it difficult to persuade dealers that he was
really an authorized agent of a merchant so well known as Gilbert
Sandford of St. Louis, five minutes’ conversation was generally
sufficient to show that he thoroughly understood his business.
 His stay in Kansas City was drawing to a close. He was a guest of
the Coates House, one of the representative hotels of the West,
when he had occasion to enter a periodical store near the hotel. It
was the one already known to us as kept by Mrs. Ferguson.
Victor Wentworth stood behind the counter and waited upon
Gerald. But he was no longer the bright and healthy boy of a few
weeks back. He had contracted malaria, and his face was pallid.
Gerald could not but notice the boy’s sick condition.
“You are not well,” he said.
“No,” answered Victor, shivering. “I don’t know what is the matter
with me.”
“How long have you been sick?” inquired Gerald.
“I was taken about a week since.”
“You ought to be at home and in bed.”
“I wish I could afford to rest,” said Victor despondently; “but I
cannot. I depend on my weekly wages.”
“Have you a home in Kansas City?”
“No; I have no relatives in this place.”
“Have you no friends who would help you while you were sick?”
Victor hesitated a moment.
“No,” he answered slowly.
“Are you an orphan?”
“No; I have a father living.”
“Ah! I understand. He is poor.”
“No,” answered Victor, shaking his head. “He is not poor. He is
quite rich.”
“Then how does it happen that you do not write to him and ask
him to help you?”
“Because he is angry with me. He is a stern man, and I offended
him very much some time since,” and Victor flushed as he made the
confession.
 “How did you offend him? You could not have done anything very
bad, I am sure.”
“He had placed me at a boarding-school and I ran away. I was
very foolish, and I have repented it more than once, but he is very
angry with me and won’t forgive me.”
The story seemed familiar to Gerald. Surely he had heard it
before.
“Tell me,” he asked abruptly, “are you the son of Bradley
Wentworth of Seneca, Illinois?”
“Yes; do you know him? Is he a friend of yours?” asked Victor in
breathless astonishment.
“I knew him, but he is not a friend of mine.”
“Ah! I hoped he was,” sighed Victor, his face falling.
“But all the same I am going to help you.”
Gerald had a brief conversation with Mrs. Ferguson and arranged
with her to find a comfortable home for Victor, where he could rest
and receive medical attendance, and deposited a sum of money with
her to defray his expenses.
“How kind you are!” said Victor gratefully. “I was very much
discouraged when you came in. I didn’t know what was to become
of me.”
“I shall be back again in Kansas City in four weeks,” said Gerald.
“Till then you will be taken care of. Keep up your spirits and all will
turn out well.”
“How strange,” he thought, “that I should help the son as my
father helped his father. I like the boy. I am sure he will not prove
ungrateful.”
 CHAPTER XXXV.

THOMAS HASTINGS.

Two weeks later Gerald found himself in the town of Brentwood,

Minnesota. It was too small for him to expect to do much business
there, but he had a special message to bear to a sister of Mr.
Sandford, who had her home in the place. He put up at the
Commercial Hotel, a small inn capable of accommodating about
thirty travelers.
Brentwood did not seem an attractive place to Gerald, and he felt
that he should be glad to take the morning train to St. Paul. Yet he
was destined to meet here a man who could aid him materially in
the object to which he had consecrated his energies—that of
clearing his father’s reputation and punishing his enemy.
He was sitting in the office of the hotel when a man apparently
fifty years of age entered and had a whispered conference with the
clerk. He appeared to prefer some request which the latter denied.
The man was thin and haggard, and his face bore a look of settled
despondency. His clothing was shabby, yet he looked as if he had
seen better days and had at some time occupied a better position.
Without knowing why, Gerald’s curiosity and interest were excited.
As he left the room Gerald said: “That fellow looks as if the world
had gone wrong with him.”
 “Yes,” answered the clerk, “he has been going down hill the last
three years, and now is near the foot.”
“Does he drink?”
“Yes, when he gets the chance, but he has not had money
enough to gratify his appetite lately. I don’t pity him so much as I do
his wife and child, for he has a daughter of twelve, a sweet,
innocent child, whose lot in such a home as he can supply is far
from being a happy one.”
“How long has he lived in Brentwood?”
“Five years. When he first came here he kept a small store, and
seemed to do tolerably well. He appeared to receive some help from
outside, for he sometimes brought checks to the hotel to be cashed.
They all came from the same party, a certain Bradley Wentworth.”
“What!” exclaimed Gerald in startled surprise.
“Do you know the name?” asked the clerk.
“I know a man of that name. It may not be the same one.”
“This man, so Hastings told me once, was a manufacturer, and
lived in—in—”
“Seneca, Illinois?”
“The very place. Then it is the man you know?”
“It seems so. What is this man’s name?”
“Thomas Hastings.”
“Did he ever live in Seneca?”
“I think he once told me so.”
“Perhaps he is some relative of Mr. Wentworth, and that may
account for the checks.”
“I can’t say as to that.”
“Then no checks come now?”
“No, not for a long time. Since these supplies were cut off
Hastings has been going downhill.”
Gerald bent his eyes upon the floor in silent thought. What, he
asked himself, could be the connection between this human wreck,
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