css essays writing
css essays writing
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English Essay CSS Notes
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English Essay CSS Notes
CSS Essay
Writing
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English Essay:
How to outline an Essay just as a Sample:
1. Socio-Economic Challenges faced by Pakistan
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English Essay CSS Notes
Outline:
Introduction:
A. Social Problems
B. Economic Problems
C. Remedies
Conclusion
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English Essay CSS Notes
Acknowledging rights
How to Make Poverty Alleviation Strategies Participatory
Planning Techniques and Strategies
What are the Steps of the Strategic Planning Process?
Principles of Supporting a Sustainable and Effective Participation in Project
Preparation and Implementation
Be accountable
Invest in capacity building of community-based organizations (CBOs)
and municipalities
Ensure social and gender inclusion
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English Essay CSS Notes
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English Essay CSS Notes
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English Essay CSS Notes
11. Is Foreign Aid the SOLUTION TO POVERTY in Pakistan or Self-reliance might be our
saviour ?/Foreign Aid and Pakistan’s Economic Condition
12. Brain Drain-causes and consequences
13. Exceeding The Mandate: Judicial Activism In Pakistan/Judicial activism threatens
democracy/Judicial Activism vs Democratic Consolidation in Pakistan
14. Peace the Essential Message of our Religion./Religion has Done more Harm than help
to Human Relations in the World.
15. Time management is the key note of success.
16. Lack of discipline – a National Disaster./In this Country Reason does not Apply to
Anything.
17. Materialism in the Death of Spirituality.Moral depravity is the root cause of
poverty./Modern Nations :Are Atomic Giants but Ethically Dwarfs
18. Disaster management and government preparedness.
19. The future of UNO, Hopes and Hurdles/The U.N.O has failed to measure up to the
demands of its charter.
20. Take a Stand Against the Armies Of Ignorance/Pakistan’s War on Terror and its
Impact on our Psyche and Politic, Socio, Economic Fronts./Dialogue or coercion – is
the Best Course to Combat Terrorism
21. Higher education as an agent of change./Co-education , Merits and
Demerits/Education System in Pakistan has Collapsed!Discuss/English as the Medium
of Education in Pakistan
22. Disaster management and government preparedness.
23. ‘ If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?’/The time we live in is the winter of the
world.
24. Prevention is Better Than Cure./Health is not a Condition of Matter, but of Mind.
25. The more Developed a Country, the More Lethally it is Armed.
26. The food crisis: problems, challenges and Opportunities for Pakistan.
27. There is no great genius without a mixture of madness.
28. Literature is the Best Criticism of Life.
29. Pakistan is Rich in Natural Resources but very Poor in their Management.
30. Equality, Justice/All Humans are Born Equal in Dignity and Rights but They are in
Shackles Everywhere.
31. Without Independent Truth-finding Commission, Accountability is Unachievable.
32. Without good communication skills, life becomes impossible in the Modern World.
33. Play and Life, as it is lived, in the Land of Poor.
34. The pleasure of Reading.
35. State is for The People Or People Are For The State
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English Essay CSS Notes
A s we know that essay writing is the most difficult task for CSS Exam, and most of
applicants trapped in this complication so as to I reveal some knowledge which I get
from a efficacious book for preparation. These hints may help beginners to clear
their concept about essay writing.
General Preparation:
One of the chief diffiult most of us feel is the lack of matter. we do not easily find
anything to say about a subject. This is natural, because our experience and general
reading are limited, but it may b remedied by reading, and by training the power of
observation.
Reading:
in order to write an essay the student must have something to write about and so
he must endeavour to store his mind with ideas by reading.BECON SAYS "reading
maketh a full man";that is a person who reads much and widely stores his mind with
a large variety of facts,thoughts,illustrations and general informations.if you want to
write good essays you must acquire love to reading...not simply reading stories for
amusement,but reading good books of historey, travel, biography and science.fill
your mind with fine thoughts and accurate information. by doing so you will become
"a full man" ,and "a full man" can always find plenty to say on most subjects.
Observation:
observation contributes alot in our day to day knowledge.All knowledge does not
come from books.we may learn much from the life around us--what we see and hear
observe for ourselves.Keep eyes and ears open ,and learn from your own
experience.practical writing short descriptions of what you see in building,street
scenes,trees and flowers,hillsand valleys,the habit of animals and birds.dont b
content with reading other people`s description of such things but see them for
yourself.it is surprising what a lot may b learnt from personal observation.
Conversation:
books are written by men and women;and if we can learn from the books they write
,we can learn also from the words they say,listen to the people`s conversation get
them to talk to u about the things they know,and discuss subjects that interest u
with your friends.in this way,also,you may learn much.
A writer reads,observe and gets people to talk and in these ways he is always
enriching his mind with ideas and knowlege ."we can take the example of
journalists. they exercise lots of things for accumulating information to complete
their theme of writing as like them we also have to persist for gather copious
knowledge for writing by discriminated ways"
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English Essay CSS Notes
It is very important that u should have a clear and accurate conception of the
subject of the essay before you attempt to write on it....what exactly it is and
(equally important)what it is not.some subjects are so simple that you can scarcely
make a mistake about them ..for example,"the influence of railway traveling on
paksitani social life."
Neither the subject is railway travelling nor it is the railway system of pakistan still
less the invention of the locomotive engine,and the history of railways.Yet some
students,carelessly reading the subject,might easily take up a large part of their
essay with such topics,you must come to the point at once and start away with the
real subjects,which in this case is the different ways in which the habit of travelling
by train is changing the social customs of the people of paksitan.it is therefore very
necessary that u should define the subject clearly in your own mind or you may
waste much time and paper in writing on more or less irrrelevant matters.
Collection Material:
when u have got the clear idea of yr subject,the next step will b to think of that
what can u say about it.some subject are so simple that a little reflection should
supply u with suffcient matterial for a short essay but,for others,special information
will b needed for which u may have to do some special reading,if u have to write
about the some historical subjects and extra knowledge seeking subject.u have to
get hold of some books and subject up.but in any case,do not attempt to write the
essay before u have given some time to thinking over what can say on the
subject.the common habit of beggining to write down the first thing that omes into
one,s head,without knowing what is to come next,is fatal to good essay-writing.
As u think over the subject,ideas,facts and illustrations will pass through yr mind.but
if u done catch them as they come,u may forget them just when u want them.so as
u catch birds and put them in a cage,(mean to say pick the idea and paste it on the
piece of paper),catch and cage these fleeting thoughts by jotting them down on a
piece of paper just as they come in to yr mind,without troubling yrself at this stage
about their order or suitablity,u can examine the birds thus caught at ur leisure
later.
When u think u have colleted enough material of yr essay,or u cant think of any
more points,read over the notes u have jotted down to select points most suitable
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English Essay CSS Notes
for yr purpose (pick and choose more important and more efficacious point for yr
essay).u may find what they worth.u may find that some are mere repetitions of
others and others may b simply illustraions to b thought under main heads.this
process of selection will probably suggest to u in a general way the line of thought u
may follow in the essay.
Logical Arrangement:
Now should b ready to decide on the line of thought oss the essay i.e., the logical
order in which u can arrange the points u have selected.the necessity if thus
arranging yr thoughts according to some ordinary plan cant b too strongly insisted
upon.without it,the essay will probably b badly arranged,rambling,disproportioned
and full of reptitions and irrelevancies.
Having thus mapped out the main points with which u are going to deal,arrange the
ideas you have collected each under its proper main head,rejecting all those not
really relevant to yr subject ot which simply repeat other thoughts and taking are
that each really belongs to the division in which u place it.
You will now have a full out line,which is to b a guide to u in writing the essay.but
this is not the essay,but only its well-articulated skeleton.u must now clothe the
skeleton with flesh,and most difficult of all breathe into it the breath of life,before u
all yr production an essay
Every essay should b divided into paragraphs,and each point should have at least
one paragraph to itself.An essay not thus paragraphed looks unattractive and not
easy to read.
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English Essay CSS Notes
Structure Of an essay:
Introduction
The Summay or the Body of Essay
The Conclusion, the Back Door or Exit
In arranging the body of the essay observe proportion that is let each part have due
weight given to it.If the subject is "The good and bad influence of newspaper,"do
not devote three quarters of the essay to good influence and so leave only a quarter
for the bad.Closely follow your full outline throughout.(give same importance to
both subject most of students feel that they had good paper inspite of it they cant
get good marks but they dint focus on their mistake usually they defined one side of
the subject and leave the other.we must remove our misconception first and focus
on subject astutely).
The paragraph should b well constructed and should b related to one another
according to the direction of your out line and as far as possible, the connection
between one and another should b shown.Avoid "padding and keep to the
point".padding kill the interest of reader just reveal yr main points straightly without
circumlocution.
Avoid the use of unnecessary words.In reversing yr essay,Look our for useless
repetitions and redundant expressions,and strike them out.Whether repetition and
redundant expressions enlarge the size of essay but it befoul the beauty of essay .
Match the words to the sense and adopt the style the subject matter.Dont write
frivolously on a serious subject,or ponderously on a light and humorous subject.
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English Essay CSS Notes
Finally a few words about you style of writing........to acquire a simple,direct and
forceful style in writing calls for constant practice.It does not come "by nature".As a
poet says:
The secret of clear writing is clear thinking.So b perfectly clear about what u want to
say and then say it....as directly,as simply,as concisely as possible.Be direct:use
short sentences in preference to long and involved periods.Be simpleo not attempt
any oratory or flowery language(which i used to attempt lolz)but use simple words
and constructions and avoid elaborate and superfluous words;say what u want to
say as tersely as is consistent with making your meaning clear.Never use two words
where one (the right one)will do.Be natural:dont try to imitate any author,s
style,however eloquent ,but be yourself
Atlast i would like to say that all the above hints will b helpful but it worths nothing
without practice.So try to write different essays on different topics by using above
hints and always remember:
Additional Tips:
Introduction usually consist of two things ( Motivator+ thesis Statement), but the
method to grab the attention of the reader and your stance i.e Thesis Statement
vary writer to writer. you may start your intro with the quotation , an anecdote,
dialogue, opposite opinion etc but keep one thing in your mind that whatever you
write should be relevant and the purpose of all these method is one, that is to catch
the attention of your reader which is, ultimately, followed by Thesis statement.
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English Essay CSS Notes
In addition, Intro may also be the precis/summary of your complete essay which
should be around 150 to 200 words. In sum, you whole essay should be look like
that:
4 Conclusion:
Conclusion contains
Reworded Thesis Statement + Clincher( Clincher is your final statement
which shows that your essay has been finished.
Yeah Conclusion may be the complete summary of your essay as well but
in different words.
I am posting this bit of my experience for those who find it hard to start writing as a
novice.
First of all let me make it clear that 'writing is an art though yet not a rocket
science'.
Based on my personal experience, the following discussion will come in handy for
the achievement of good writing skills.
If you are a novice, starting to write in informal English may help a great deal.
To better understand the effect of informal writing on your command, you should
also know the difference between both formal and informal forms of English.
In formal English, you have to be specific and wisely precise. Therefore the words,
expressions, sentence structures, idioms, or phrases, etc used in formal English are
limited and specific. Whereas in informal or colloquial English, there is no limit as
such. Informal English is a wide blend of all type of words which describe different
moods and meanings.
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English Essay CSS Notes
So get ready to go for the informal English first, but that does not mean that you
should not learn formal English simultaneously.
As you are going to begin with informal English first, then learning through following
channels will serve the purpose for you:
You may choose any topic to share with your friends through (imaginary) letters.
This practice will enable you to remove your mental block or hesitation as the
chances of fearing mistakes while writing such type of letters are very less. Besides,
you will be able to use many different words and expressions in English through this
practice. In informal English the words include slang, disapproving, or bizarre etc.
Writing informal letters may also help in breaking the mental block and removing
hesitation.
Write in diary:
There is always atleast one or two things which occur in your life everyday and stick
to your mind. It could be an accident, a festival, a casual meeting with a friend, a
co-incidence, an interesting or a disappointing story, a drama or a movie, a quarrel,
a chat, or anything. You can jot down all these things in English in your personal
diary. Since you write all these different things in different moods, it will empower
your English expression.
There are many other practices but the foregoing are the most useful ones.
It is interesting to note here that informal English is more difficult than formal
English because of a wide variety in it. You may find it easy to write a resignation to
your boss but difficult to write a letter to your friend in which you have to narrate a
story. Remember, once you have learned to write in informal English, then
understanding and writing in formal English becomes easier. Be careful that in
formal writing, you have to avoid use of many informal words.
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English Essay CSS Notes
As a novice you may find it difficult to choose from a wide variety of things to read.
Starting to read something of your personal interest will do the trick in this case.
You may begin and try to read different periodicals, novels and story books apart
from your course books. They offer a great blend of different interesting titbits of
the world. They will help in improving informal English.
Since reading influences your writing, therefore the more you read the better you
will be able to write. Infact what you read is what you write.
Use Dictionary
Now when you begin to write, use an authenticated dictionary. 'Oxford Advanced
Learner's Dictionary' or 'Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English' are two of
the best ones in the business. Before you use any word in your own sentence,
confirm its meaning in dictionary if little in doubt. You can also read daily dawn or
Express Turbine to extract some effective vocabulary which mark cornerstone of
Essay.
To reiterate it, you should refer dictionary again and again AND again and again
while you write.
Be simple
Be simple in writing instead of stuffing it with more difficult and irrelevant words.
For example, too much use of jargon will make a technical report read complex and
boring.
Prepare notes
Copy and note down the sentences they have been used in, from the dictionary,
and use them in your own sentences also according to their meanings. Once noted
you should keep reading your notes from time to time unless they get consolidated
in your mind. The best way to get them embedded in your brain is to keep writing.
When you attempt to write, these words will automatically be used in your
sentences according to their contexts.
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English Essay CSS Notes
Do not fear mistakes while you write as that may hamper your fluency.
Mistakes are most likely to happen and they are natural as nobody is a born-expert.
Get your written attempts checked by your mentor, or a senior etc. Get your
mistakes pinpointed by them and try not to repeat them in your next attempts.
As a novice you will have to follow the foregoing practices first. In the start, copying
the writing style of your mentor or a senior or anyone who knows better than you is
a viable idea. You will be able to develop your own style slowly and gradually as you
get more into learning it.
Rewording is one the most effective tool of developing your own style of writing. Try
to write the whole thing which you read in your own words.
Translation method of learning is a flop one. It can never benefit a novice. English
should be learned in its own sense instead.
Just like the word THE has no meaning in our mother-tongue, but it is used in
different senses in English. So one should learn to use THE in the sense of English.
Similarly the words GET and SET are two most commonly used words in English
language.
By remembering one or two most common meanings of these words will not enable
you to use them correctly. Instead they should be learned to use in all possible
contexts and accordingly. This shows again that English should be learned in its own
sense rather than through translation method. To me translation method has little
to do with learning English.
Keep a record of all your written attempts by saving them in a separate file or
folder. Keep reading them from time to time and compare them with your present
attempts. This will enable you to make an analysis of your present caliber in writing-
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English Essay CSS Notes
whether you have made some progress or you are still at the same position. You
can improve with every new attempt of writing, if you practice consistently.
If the circumstances do not allow you to manage to write regularly, then at least
write once or twice a week. But if it is too hectic for you to even manage to write
once or twice a week, then whenever you chance to write something at least prefer
writing in English rather than any other language. To sum up, keep writing even by
fits and starts, but never lose touch with English. Otherwise you will find it very hard
to write that well again which when you get back to it after a really long time.
Many newbies more often say that they do not know words sufficient enough to
start writing. Here is a solution for them.
There is an unlimited number of words in English which may occur in speech as well
as writing which will never be recorded in even the largest dictionary. Learning
them all at one time is like not possible as new words are being invented,
developed from existing words, or adopted from other languages. So what to do?
Well, in this case you can start writing by learning the most commonly used words
in English. This certainly works...
Based on the evidence of the Oxford English Corpus which currently contains over 2
billion words, there are 100 commonest words in English found in writing around the
world. These words do not determine the meaning of a sentence. They are known
as 'function-words'. You should also know the most commonly used 'content-words'.
Both are available on the following link.
You may also need another thousand most commonly used words in everyday
English after having learned the the foregoing list of words. You can get them on
the following link.
Common Words
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English Essay CSS Notes
First of all make sure you have learnt all the basics of English grammar fully.
Read English passages from dawn/English text books or from anywhere.
Lack of vocabulary..? try to read more & more use dictionaries as well.
Take a story from any language you understand & translate it into English.
Parts of speech-section of english is very important, it will help you use
correct english. IF you have all these things then what can other problem be?
often a new speaker lacks self-confidence while speaking english-language.
for this speak more and more.
Take time from your friends for practicing of speaking. Practice, Practice &
Practice. sometimes it is also suggested to talk in front of a mirror. Stay
Blessed
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