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Learn Data Mining Through Excel: A Step-by-Step Approach for Understanding Machine Learning Methods, 2nd Edition Hong Zhou instant download

The document is a promotional description for the book 'Learn Data Mining Through Excel: A Step-by-Step Approach for Understanding Machine Learning Methods, 2nd Edition' by Hong Zhou. It outlines the contents of the book, which covers various data mining techniques using Excel, and provides links to download the book and other related titles. The book is designed for readers looking to enhance their understanding of machine learning methods through practical Excel applications.

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
22 views

Learn Data Mining Through Excel: A Step-by-Step Approach for Understanding Machine Learning Methods, 2nd Edition Hong Zhou instant download

The document is a promotional description for the book 'Learn Data Mining Through Excel: A Step-by-Step Approach for Understanding Machine Learning Methods, 2nd Edition' by Hong Zhou. It outlines the contents of the book, which covers various data mining techniques using Excel, and provides links to download the book and other related titles. The book is designed for readers looking to enhance their understanding of machine learning methods through practical Excel applications.

Uploaded by

svegajami
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Learn Data Mining
Through Excel
A Step-by-Step Approach for
Understanding Machine
Learning Methods
Second Edition

Hong Zhou
Learn Data Mining Through Excel: A Step-by-Step Approach for Understanding
Machine Learning Methods
Hong Zhou
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science
University of Saint Joseph, West Hartford, CT, USA

ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4842-9770-4 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4842-9771-1


https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-9771-1

Copyright © 2023 by Hong Zhou


This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the
material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now
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Trademarked names, logos, and images may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with
every occurrence of a trademarked name, logo, or image we use the names, logos, and images only in an
editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the
trademark.
The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not
identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to
proprietary rights.
While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication,
neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or
omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the
material contained herein.
Managing Director, Apress Media LLC: Welmoed Spahr
Acquisitions Editor: Mark Powers
Development Editor: Laura Berendson
Editorial Project Manager: Shaul Elson
Cover designed by eStudioCalamar
Cover image by Vecstock on Freepik (www.freepik.com)
Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer Science+Business Media New York, 1 New York Plaza,
Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004-1562, USA. Phone 1-800-SPRINGER, fax (201) 348-4505, e-mail orders-ny@
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Paper in this product is recyclable.
For my family and friends.
Table of Contents
About the Author����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ix

About the Technical Reviewer��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� xi

Chapter 1: Excel and Data Mining���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1


Why Excel?������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 1
Why the Second Edition?�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5
Prepare Some Excel Skills������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 7
Formula����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7
Autofill or Copy������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 8
Absolute Reference����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9
Paste Special and Paste Values��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 12
IF Function Series������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 14
Reinforcement Exercises������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 21
Review Points����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 21

Chapter 2: Linear Regression��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 23


General Understanding��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 23
Learn Linear Regression Through Excel�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 27
Learn Multiple Linear Regression Through Excel������������������������������������������������������������������������ 30
Reinforcement Exercises������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 34
Review Points����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 35

Chapter 3: K-Means Clustering������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 37


General Understanding��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 37
Learn K-Means Clustering Through Excel����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 38
Reinforcement Exercises������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 51
Review Points����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 52

v
Table of Contents

Chapter 4: Linear Discriminant Analysis���������������������������������������������������������������� 53


General Understanding��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 53
Solver������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 55
Learn LDA Through Excel������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 59
Reinforcement Exercises������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 70
Review Points����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 70

Chapter 5: Cross-Validation and ROC��������������������������������������������������������������������� 71


General Understanding of Cross-Validation�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 71
Learn Cross-Validation Through Excel���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 72
General Understanding of ROC Analysis������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 77
Learn ROC Analysis Through Excel��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 79
Reinforcement Exercises������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 84
Review Points����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 85

Chapter 6: Logistic Regression������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 87


General Understanding��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 87
Learn Logistic Regression Through Excel����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 89
By Means of Maximizing Log Likelihoods������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 90
By Means of Minimizing Log Losses������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 97
Reinforcement Exercises���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 100
Review Points��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 101

Chapter 7: K-Nearest Neighbors��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 103


General Understanding������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 103
Learn K-NN Through Excel�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 104
Experiment 1����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 105
Experiment 2����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 108
Experiment 3����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 113
Experiment 4����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 118
Reinforcement Exercises���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 120
Review Points��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 120

vi
Table of Contents

Chapter 8: Hierarchical Clustering and Dendrogram�������������������������������������������� 121


General Understanding������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 121
Draw a Dendrogram in Excel Without Add-ins�������������������������������������������������������������������������� 123
Learn Hierarchical Clustering Through Excel���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 129
Reinforcement Exercises���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 141
Review Points��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 142

Chapter 9: Naive Bayes Classification������������������������������������������������������������������ 143


General Understanding������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 143
Learn Naïve Bayes Through Excel��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 148
Exercise 1���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 148
Exercise 2���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 152
Reinforcement Exercises���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 159
Review Points��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 159

Chapter 10: Decision Trees����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 161


General Understanding������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 162
Learn Decision Trees Through Excel����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 165
Learn Decision Trees Through Excel������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 166
A Better Approach���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 178
Apply the Model������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 182
Reinforcement Exercises���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 185
Review Points��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 185

Chapter 11: EDA, Data Cleaning, and Feature Selection��������������������������������������� 187


Learn Exploratory Data Analysis Through Excel������������������������������������������������������������������������ 187
Learn Data Cleaning Through Excel������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 196
Feature Selection���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 200
Normalization and Standardization������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 201
Correlation��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 204
Learn Feature Selection Through Excel������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 205
Reinforcement Exercises���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 209
Review Points��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 209
vii
Table of Contents

Chapter 12: Association Analysis������������������������������������������������������������������������� 211


General Understanding������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 211
Learn Association Analysis Through Excel�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 214
Reinforcement Exercises���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 222
Review Points��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 223

Chapter 13: Artificial Neural Network������������������������������������������������������������������ 225


General Understanding������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 225
Learn Neural Network Through Excel��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 227
Experiment 1����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 227
Experiment 2����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 239
Reinforcement Exercises���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 251
Review Points��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 251

Chapter 14: Text Mining���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 253


General Understanding������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 253
Learn Text Mining Through Excel���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 255
Word Embedding and ChatGPT������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 272
Reinforcement Exercises���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 274
Review Points��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 274

Chapter 15: After Excel����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 277

Index��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 281

viii
About the Author
Hong Zhou, PhD, is a professor of computer science and
mathematics and has been teaching courses in computer
science, data science, mathematics, and informatics at the
University of Saint Joseph for nearly 20 years. His research
interests include bioinformatics, data mining, software
agents, and blockchain. Prior to his current position, he was
a Java developer in Silicon Valley. Dr. Zhou believes that
learners can develop a better foundation of data mining
models when they visually experience them step by step,
which is what Excel offers. He has employed Excel in teaching data mining and finds it
an effective approach for both data mining learners and educators.

ix
About the Technical Reviewer
Adam Gladstone has over 25 years’ experience in software
development, mostly in C++ and C#. He has worked mainly
in the investment banking and finance sectors. For the last
few years, he has been developing data science and machine
learning skills, particularly in Python and R after completing
a degree in maths and statistics. He loves programming in
C++ and C# and his free time is spent developing software
tools.

xi
CHAPTER 1

Excel and Data Mining


Let’s get right to the topic. Why do we need to learn Excel in our data mining endeavor?
It is true that there are some outstanding data mining software tools such as RapidMiner
that make the mining process easy and straightforward. In addition, programming
languages Python and R have a large number of reliable packages dedicated to various
data mining tasks. What is the purpose of studying data mining or machine learning
through Excel?

Why Excel?
If you are already an experienced data mining professional, I would say that you
are asking the right question and probably you should not read this book. However,
if you are a beginner in data mining, or a visual learner, or want to understand the
mathematical background behind some popular data mining techniques, or an
educator, then this book is right for you, and probably is the first book you should read
before you start your data mining journey.
Excel allows you to work with data in a transparent manner, meaning when an Excel
file is opened, the data is visible immediately and every step of data processing is also
visible. Intermediate results are contained in the Excel worksheet and can be examined
while you are conducting your mining task. This allows you to obtain a deep and clear
understanding of how the data are manipulated and how the results are obtained.
Other software tools and programming languages hide critical aspects of the model
construction process. For most data mining projects, the goal is to find the internal
hidden patterns inside the data. Therefore, hiding the detailed process is beneficial to the
users of the tools or packages. But it is not helpful for beginners, visual learners, or those
who want to understand how the mining process works. Let me use k-nearest neighbors
method (K-NN) to illustrate the learning differences between RapidMiner, R, and Excel.
Before we do that, we need to understand several terminologies in data mining.

1
© Hong Zhou 2023
H. Zhou, Learn Data Mining Through Excel, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-9771-1_1
Chapter 1 Excel and Data Mining

There are two types of data mining techniques: supervised and unsupervised.
Supervised methods require the use of a training dataset to “train” the software
programs or algorithms (such programs or algorithms are often referred to as machines)
first. Programs are trained to reach an optimal state called a model. This is why a
training process is also called modeling. Data mining methods can also be categorized
into parametric and nonparametric methods. For parametric methods, a model is just
a set of parameters or rules obtained through the training process that are believed to
allow the programs to work well with the training dataset. Nonparametric methods do
not generate a set of parameters. Instead, they dynamically evaluate the incoming data
based on the existing dataset. You may be confused by such definitions at this time. They
will make sense soon.
What is a training dataset? In a training dataset, the target variable (also called label,
target, dependent variable, outcome variable, response), the value of which is to be
predicted, is given or known. The value of the target variable depends on the values of
other variables which are usually called attributes, predictors, or independent variables.
Based on the attribute values, a supervised data mining method computes (or so-called
predicts) the value of the target variable. Some computed target values might not match
the known target values in the training dataset. A good model indicates an optimal set of
parameters or rules that can minimize the mismatches.
A model is usually constructed to work on future datasets with unknown target
values in a supervised data mining method. Such future datasets are commonly called
scoring datasets. In an unsupervised data mining method, however, there is no training
dataset and the model is an algorithm that can directly be applied on the scoring
datasets. K-nearest neighbors method is a supervised data mining technique.
Suppose we want to predict if a person is likely to accept a credit card offer based
on the person’s age, gender, income, and number of credit cards they already have. The
target variable is the response to the credit card offer (assume it is either Yes or No),
while age, gender, income, and number of existing credit cards are the attributes. In the
training dataset, all variables including both the target and attributes are known. In such
a scenario, a K-NN model is constructed through the use of the training dataset. Based
on the constructed model, we can predict the responses to the credit card offer of people
whose information is stored in the scoring dataset.

2
Chapter 1 Excel and Data Mining

In RapidMiner, one of the best data mining tools, the prediction process is as follows:
retrieve both the training data and scoring data from the repository ➤ set role for the
training data ➤ apply the K-NN operator on the training data to construct the model ➤
connect the model and the scoring data to the Apply Model operator. That’s it! You can
now execute the process and the result is obtained. Yes, very straightforward. This is
shown in Figure 1-1. Be aware that there is no model validation in this simple process.

Figure 1-1. K-NN model in RapidMiner

Applying K-NN method is very simple in R, too. After loading the library “class”, read
the training data and scoring data, make use of the K-NN function, and by then we have
finished our job: ready to view our result. This is demonstrated in Figure 1-2. Note that
lines starting with “#” are comments.

3
Chapter 1 Excel and Data Mining

Figure 1-2. K-NN in R

The knowledge you have gained from the preceding tasks is enough to just be able
to apply the data mining method K-NN. But if you are trying to understand, step by step,
why and how K-NN works, you will need a lot more information. Excel can offer you the
opportunity to go through a step-by-step analysis process on a dataset during which you
can develop a solid understanding of the K-NN algorithm. With this solid understanding,
you can then be more proficient in using other powerful tools or programming
languages. Most importantly, you will have a better understanding of the quality and
value of your data mining results. You will see that in later chapters.
Of course, Excel is much more limited in data mining compared to Python, R, and
RapidMiner. Excel can only work with data up to a smaller size limit. Meanwhile, some
data mining techniques are too complicated to be practiced through Excel. Nonetheless,
Excel provides us direct and visual understanding of the data mining mechanisms. In
addition, Excel is naturally suitable for data preparation.

4
Chapter 1 Excel and Data Mining

Today, because of the software tools and other packages, most effort in a data mining
task is spent on understanding the task (including the business understanding and data
understanding), preparing the data, and presenting the results. Less than 10% of the
effort is spent on the modeling process. The process of preparing the data for modeling is
called data engineering. Excel has an advantage on data engineering when the datasets
are not too large because it can give us a visual representation of data engineering, which
allows us to be more confident in our data preparation process.
As an experienced educator, I realize that students can better develop a deep
understanding of data mining methods if these methods are also explained through
step-by-step instructions in Excel. Studying through Excel unveils the mystery behind
data mining or machine learning methods and makes students more confident in
applying these methods.
Did I just mention machine learning? Yes, I did. Machine learning is another buzz
phrase today. What is machine learning? What is the difference between data mining
and machine learning? Moreover, what is artificial intelligence (AI) and what is the
difference between AI and machine learning?
The purposes of machine learning and data mining are somewhat different. The
purpose of machine learning is to study how computers can develop human-like
learning ability by learning from data. The purpose of data mining is to find valuable
patterns or knowledge from data. However, data mining makes use of machine learning
methods to achieve its goals, that is, the methodologies of data mining and machine
learning can be the same. Anyhow, it is not necessary to differentiate them, and I would
suggest that we treat them the same at this moment.
The same scenario applies to AI and machine learning. Simply put, AI is computer
software that simulates human brain functions, while machine learning trains computer
algorithm through data to mimic human thinking ability. Because most AI makes use of
machine learning to achieve its goals, machine learning is usually considered a subset of
AI and therefore it is almost impossible to differentiate AI and machine learning either.

Why the Second Edition?


Practice is the key in learning, especially in learning technologies including Excel and
data mining. Thus, the first reason for the second edition is to provide homework-like
exercise(s) at the end of each chapter so that you can practice on your own the core skills

5
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
49. In our mind’s eye, Horatio. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 2.
Warton. Thomas Warton (1728–1790). See vol. V. Lectures on the
English Poets, p. 120 and note.
50. At every fall. Milton, Comus, 251.
51. Nod to him, elves. A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Act III. Sc. 1.
The breezy call. Gray’s Elegy written in a Country Churchyard.
52. Air [shape] and gesture proudly eminent. Paradise Lost, Book I.
590.
53. It is place which lessens. Cymbeline, Act III. Sc. 3.
54. Sigh our souls. Merchant of Venice, Act V. Sc. 1.
Snyders. Franz Snyders (1579–1657), of Antwerp, painter of hunting
scenes.
55. Of the earth, earthy. 1 Cor. xv. 47.
We think it had better not be seen. The Magazine article adds:—‘We
never very much liked this picture; but that may probably be our
fault.’

PICTURES AT WILTON, STOURHEAD, Etc.

From The London Magazine, October 1823.


The article ends with the words:—‘Blenheim in our next, which will
conclude this series of articles.’
Note. The author of Vathek. William Beckford (1759–1844), whose
romance was written in French in 1781–1782, translated
anonymously into English in 1784, and published in French in 1787.
57. Ranged in a row. ‘Ranged o’er the chimney, glistened in a row,’
Goldsmith, The Deserted Village, 236.
58. Keep their state. Love’s Labour’s Lost, Act V. Sc. 2.
Burke’s description of the age of chivalry. Reflections on the
Revolution in France, Select Works, ed. Payne, II. 89.
The mood of lutes [flutes]. Paradise Lost, Book I. 551.
Mount on barbed steeds, etc. Cf. ‘Mounting barbed steeds.’ King
Richard III., Act I. Sc. 1. and,
‘Witch the world with noble horsemanship.’
1 King Henry IV., Act IV. Sc. 1.

The Goose Gibbie. See Old Mortality.


59. Of all men the most miserable. 1 Cor. xv. 19.
Above all pain. Pope’s Epistle to Robert, Earl of Oxford.
Berchem. See ante, note to p. 22.
Hath a devil. S. Luke vii. 33.
60. Mieris. A family of Delft and Leyden painters, the best known of
whom are Frans van Mieris, one of twenty-three children (1635–
1681), the ‘prince of Dou’s pupils,’ and William van Mieris, his son
(1662–1747).
The porcelain of Franguestan. ‘Vathek voluptuously reposed in his
capacious litter upon cushions of silk, with two little pages beside
him of complexions more fair than the enamel of Franguistan.’ The
description is commented on in a note which explains that they were
Circassian boy-slaves.
Sir Richard Colt Hoare. Historian of Wiltshire (1758–1838).
61. Tempt but to betray.
Cf. ‘Whose fruit though fair, tempts only to destroy.’
Cowper, The Progress of Error, 238.

PAGE
61. Trace his footsteps.
Cf. ‘Where shall I seek
His bright appearances, or footstep trace?
For, though I fled him angry, yet, recalled
To life prolonged and promised race, I now
Gladly behold though but his utmost skirts
Of glory, and far-off his steps adore.’
Paradise Lost, XI. 328.

Though in ruins. Paradise Lost, II. 300.


Of the court, courtly. Cf. ‘Of the earth, earthy.’ 1 Cor. xv. 47.

PICTURES AT BURLEIGH HOUSE

From the New Monthly Magazine, vol. IV., 1822, Table Talk, No. IV.
62. And dull [dead] cold winter. The Two Noble Kinsmen, Act II. Sc.
1.
Faded to the light. Wordsworth, Ode, Intimations of Immortality.
Ways were mire. Milton, Sonnet XX.
63. And still walking under. See ante, note to p. 10.
I was brutish [beastly] like, warlike as the wolf. Cymbeline, Act III.
Sc. 3.
Paul Potter. Of Enkhuizen (1625–1654), animal painter.
64. To see the sun to bed. Lamb, John Woodvil, Act II.
Hunt half a day. Wordsworth’s Hart-Leap Well, Part II.
65. Humbled by such rebuke. Paradise Lost, VI. 342.
And in its liquid texture. Ibid., VI. 348–9.
Inimitable on earth. Ibid., III. 508.
66. Hesperian fable true. Ibid., IV. 250.
Dream of a Painter. See Northcote’s Varieties on Art in his Memoirs
of Sir Joshua Reynolds, etc. (1813–1815), p. xvi. See also vol. I. The
Round Table, note to Guido, p. 162.
Paul Brill. Of Antwerp (1556–1626), a follower of Titian.
67. His light shone in darkness. Cf. S. John i. 5.
Luca Jordano. Luca Giordano (1632–1705), of Naples, ‘Il Presto,’ the
quick worker, who imitated all the great painters.
Grinling Gibbons. The wood carver (1648–1720), of Rotterdam. He
was brought to public notice by Evelyn, the Diarist, and his work may
be seen in St. Paul’s, London, and Trinity College Library,
Cambridge.
68. Lords who love their ladies like. Cf. Home’s Douglas, Act I. Sc. 1:
‘As women wish to be who love their lords.’

PICTURES AT OXFORD AND BLENHEIM

From the London Magazine, November 1823


The article ends as follows:—‘We now take leave of British Galleries
of Art. There are one or two others that we had intended to visit; but
they are at a great distance from us and from each other; and we are
not quite sure that they would repay our inquiries. Besides, to say the
truth, we have already pretty well exhausted our stock of criticism,
both general and particular. The same names were continually
occurring, and we began sometimes to be apprehensive that the
same observations might be repeated over again. One thing we can
say, that the going through our regular task has not lessened our
respect for the great names here alluded to; and, if we shall have
inspired, in the progress of it, any additional degree of curiosity
respecting the art, or any greater love of it in our readers, we shall
think our labour and our anxiety to do justice to the subject most
amply rewarded.’
PAGE
69. With glistering spires. Paradise Lost, III. 550.
Hold high converse. Thomson, The Seasons: Winter, 431.
No mean city. Acts xxi. 39.
All eyes shall see me. Cf. Isaiah xlv. 22–23 and Romans xiv. 11.
70. Clappeth his wings, and straightway he is gone. Cf. Pope, Eloisa
to Abelard, 74:
‘Spreads his light wings, and in a moment flies.’

Majestic, though in ruins. Paradise Lost, II. 300.


Giuseppe Ribera. Josef Ribera (1588–1656), of San Felipe, near
Valencia, a pupil of Caravaggio and leader of the realist school of his
time.
71. Lucid mirror. Cowper, The Task, I. 701.
And fast by hanging in a golden chain. Paradise Lost, II. 1051.
In form resembling a goose pie. Cf. ‘A thing resembling a goose-pie,’
Swift, Vanburgh’s House, l. 104.
The old Duchess of Marlborough. Sarah Churchill, née Jennings
(1660–1744), wife of John, 1st Duke of Marlborough.
72. Leave stings. Cf. ‘Would leave a sting within a brother’s heart.’
Young, Love of Fame, Sat. II. 113.
73. Sure never were seen. Sheridan, The School for Scandal, Act II.
Sc. 2. [Other horses are clowns.] See vol. I. The Round Table, p. 150.
Mr. T. Moore’s ‘Loves of the Angels.’ Published Jan. 1, 1823.
75. As if increase of appetite. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 2.
We are ignorance itself. 1 King Henry IV., Act III. Sc. 1.

CRITICISM ON HOGARTH’S MARRIAGE A-


LA-MODE

See vol. I. The Round Table, pp. 25 et seq., and notes thereto.
NOTES OF A JOURNEY THROUGH FRANCE

AND ITALY
The circumstances which led to and succeeded the tour in France
and Italy described in the following letters will be found detailed in
the Memoirs of William Hazlitt, pp. 107 et seq. The journey began in
August 1824, shortly after Hazlitt married Mrs. Bridgewater; and it
ended in October 1825, by the return home alone of Hazlitt and his
son.

CHAPTER I

From the Morning Chronicle, Tuesday, Sept. 14, 1824


90. Forever the same. Add, from the newspaper:—‘The sea at present
puts me in mind of Lord Byron—it is restless, glittering, dangerous,
exhaustless, like his style.’
Can question thine. Add:—‘Hearing some lines repeated out of Virgil,
while B—— and I were sitting near the melancholy Scottish shores,
looking towards England, I said that the sound of the Latin language
was to me like the sound of the sea—melodious, strange, lasting! So
the verses we had just heard had lingered on the ear of memory, had
flowed from the learned tongue, for near two thousand years!’
PAGE
91. In a great pool. Cymbeline, Act III. Sc. 4.
92. Otto of roses. Add:—‘It was like other beds in France—not aired.’
A compound of villainous smells. Merry Wives of Windsor, Act III.
Sc. 5.
Mieris. See ante, note to p. 60.
Jan Steen. Of Leyden (1626–1679), a follower of Van Ostade,
Brouwer, and Van Goyen.
93. Gay, sprightly land of mirth and social ease. Goldsmith, The
Traveller, 41–2.

CHAPTER II

September 17
94. Bidding the lovely scenes. Collins, Ode on the Passions.
98. The pomp of groves. Beattie, The Minstrel, I. 9.
99. Note. Gil Blas’s Supper. Cf. Book I. chap. 2.
Note. Chateaubriand ... On the Censorship. François René, Vicomte
de Chateaubriand’s (1768–1848) phase of politics between 1824 and
1830 was one of Liberalism. His writings in the Journal des Débats
and elsewhere caused the Chamber to abandon its proposed law
against the press.
100. Swinging slow with sullen roar. Il Penseroso, 76.

CHAPTER III

September 24
102. My tables. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 5.
103. Like the fat weed. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 5.
105. Exhalation [steam] of rich-distilled perfumes. Milton, Comus,
556.
106. Let their discreet hearts believe [think] it. Othello, Act II. Sc. 1.

CHAPTER IV.

September 28
106. First and last and midst. Paradise Lost, v. 165.
Worn them as a rich jewel. Hazlitt quotes from himself. See vol. VI.,
Table Talk, p. 174.
Thrown into the pit. Cf. Genesis xxxvii. 24.
School calleth unto School. Psalm xlii. 7: ‘deep calleth to deep.’
107. My theme [shame] in crowds. Goldsmith, The Deserted Village,
412.
Brave o’er-hanging firmament. Hamlet, Act II. Sc. 2.
Hang upon the beatings of my heart. Wordsworth, Tintern Abbey.
Stood the statue that enchants the world. Thomson, The Seasons,
Summer, 1347.
There was old Proteus. Altered from Wordsworth’s Sonnet, ‘The
world is too much with us.’
Sit squat, like a toad. Paradise Lost, IV. 800.
108. The death of the King. Louis XVIII. of France died in September
1824.
Sir Thomas Lawrence. Portrait-painter (1769–1830).
109. To cure [drive] all sadness but despair. Paradise Lost, IV. 156.
Verdurous wall of Paradise. Ibid., IV. 143.
In darkness visible. Ibid., I. 63.
Hulling. ‘Hull on the flood.’ Ibid., XI. 840.
Blind with rain.
Cf. ‘When the chill rain begins at shut of eve
In dull November, and their chancel vault,
The Heaven itself, is blinded throughout night.’
Keats’s Hyperion, II. 36–38.

Lord Byron ... Heaven and Earth. Sc. III.


PAGE
110. Le Brun. See ante, note to p. 25.
Sebastian Bourdon. French painter and engraver (1616–1671). He
was one of the twelve artists who founded the Academy of Painting
and Sculpture in 1648.
Le Sueur. Eustache Le Sueur (1616–1655), French historical painter,
also one of the twelve (see above). He is one of the greatest of French
painters, and is often called the French Raphael.
Philip Champagne. Philippe de Champaigne (1602–1674), of the
French school of historical and portrait painting, though of Brussels
birth. He was one of the first members of the Academy, worked for
Cardinal Richelieu, and was greatest as a portrait painter.
David. See ante, note to p. 30.
Daniel Volterra. Daniele Ricciarelli, or Daniele da Volterra from the
place of his birth (1509–1566), the friend of Michael Angelo, who
aided him in his chief work, the frescoes in the Capella Orsini, Trinità
de Monti, Rome.
111. Weenix. Jan Weenix (1640–1719), of Amsterdam, noted for his
painting of dead game.
Wouvermans. See ante, note to p. 21.
Ruysdael. See ante, note to p. 22.
Non equidem invideo, miror magis. Virgil, Eclogues, I. 11.
112. Thick as the autumnal leaves. Paradise Lost, I. 303.
113. Founded as the rock. Macbeth, Act III. Sc. 4.
Coop’d [cribb’d] and cabin’d. Macbeth, Act III. Sc. 4.

CHAPTER V

October 5. No. VI. (October 6) in the newspaper, begins at the


paragraph ‘The ordinary prejudice,’ etc., on p. 118.
If the French have a fault. A Sentimental Journey. Character,
Versailles.
115. Jump at. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 1.
116. The finest line in Racine. ‘Je crains Dieu, cher Abner, et n’ai
point d’autre crainte.’ Athalie, Act I. Sc. 1.
118. Pleas’d with a feather [rattle]. Pope, Essay on Man, Ep. II. 275.
Marmontel’s Tales. Jean Francois Marmontel’s (1723–1799), Contes
Moraux (1761), of which several editions have appeared in English.
119. Quickens, even with blowing. Othello, Act IV. Sc. 2.
The melancholy of Moorditch. 1 King Henry IV., Act I. Sc. 2.
120. Rousseau’s Emilius. Published 1762.
La Place. Pierre Simon, Marquis de Laplace (1749–1827), the great
astronomer and mathematician.
Lavoisier. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743–1794), the founder of
modern chemistry: he was guillotined in the Revolution.
Cuvier. Leopold Christian Frédéric Dagobert Cuvier, better known as
Georges Cuvier (1769–1832), the great zoologist and reformer in
Education.
Houdon. Jean-Antoine Houdon (1741–1828), one of the greatest of
French sculptors. Of his statue of St. Bruno, the founder of the
Carthusian order, Pope Clement XIV. said that ‘it would speak were
it not for the Carthusian rule of silence.’
121. Laborious foolery. Cf. vol. VIII. p. 554, Hazlitt’s letter to The
Morning Chronicle on Modern Comedy.
Horace Vernet. Emile Jean Horace Vernet (1789–1863), the ‘Paul
Delaroche of military painting.’
122. Good haters. See vol. VII. The Plain Speaker, note to p. 180.
PAGE

CHAPTER VI

October 8. Numbered VI. in the newspaper, but see ante, note to


chapter V.
122. Guerin. Pierre Marcisse, Baron Guérin, French historical painter
(1774–1833). His chief work is ‘The Return of Marcus Sixtus’ (1799).
123. Rouget. Georges Rouget (1784–1869), French portrait and
historical painter, a pupil of David.
Ward. Possibly James Ward (1769–1859), animal painter.
Haydon. Benjamin Robert Haydon (1786–1846), historical painter,
whose pupils included Bewick, Landseer, and Eastlake.
Drölling. Michel Martin Drolling (1786–1851), French portrait and
historical painter, a pupil of David.
Gerard. François Pascal Simon, Baron Gérard (1770–1837), French
portrait and historical painter, a follower of David, chiefly celebrated
for his portraits.
124. Madame Hersent. Louise Marie Jeanne Mauduit (1784–1862),
the wife of Louis Hersent. Both were historical and portrait painters.
Bouton. Charles Marie Bouton (1781–1853), a pupil of David. His
collaborator in the invention of the Diorama was Daguerre.
125. Mons. Caminade. Alexandre François Caminade (1783–1862),
French historical and portrait painter.
126. Mr. Hayter. Sir George Hayter (1792–1871), appointed
miniature painter to Queen Charlotte in 1816, knighted in 1842. His
father, Charles Hayter, was also a miniature painter. Sir George
Hayter painted ‘The Trial of Queen Caroline’ (see p. 128).
Mr. Constable. John Constable (1776–1837), one of the greatest of
English landscape painters.
127. Copley Fielding. Anthony Vandyke Copley Fielding (1787–
1855), water-colour landscape painter.
Jacquot. Georges Jacquot (1794–1874). His work may be seen in the
museums of Nancy and Amiens and at Versailles.
Chantry. Sir Francis Legatt Chantrey (1781–1841).
Nantreuil. Charles François-Leboeuf Nanteuil (1792–1865).
129. Jouvenet. Jean Jouvenet (1644–1717), historical and portrait
painter of French birth and Italian descent. He is noted for the
gigantic size of his pictures and figures.

CHAPTER VII

October 22. Numbered VIII.


Those faultless monsters which the art [world]. From the Essay on
Poetry of John Sheffield, Duke of Buckingham.
Hand-writing on the wall. Daniel v. 5.
130. Vice to be hated. Pope, Essay on Man, II. 217–18.
131. Girodet. Anne Louis Girodet-De-Roussy-Trioson (1767–1824),
French historical painter. The picture ‘Endymion’ is one of his best
known works.
132. Mezentius. See the Æneid, VIII. 485.
Quod sic mihi ostendis. Horace, Ars Poet., 188.
With hideous ruin. Paradise Lost, I. 46.
Accumulated horror.
‘On horror’s head horrors accumulate.’
Othello, Act III. Sc. 3.

PAGE
133. It out-herods Herod. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 2.
Note. Dip it in the ocean. A Sentimental Journey, The Wig, Paris.
Note. Perilous stuff that weighs upon the heart. Macbeth, Act V. Sc.
3.
136. Like stars, shoot madly [start] from their spheres. Hamlet, Act
I. Sc. 5.

Paul Guerin. Paulin Jean Baptiste Guérin, French portrait and


historical painter (1783–1855); his chief work is the one of which
Hazlitt speaks.
137. La Thiere. Guillaume Gillon Lethière, French historical painter
(1760–1832), of Creole birth (Guadeloupe). At one time he was
considered David’s rival.
The human face divine. Paradise Lost, III. 44.
Ducis. Louis Ducis (1773–1847), a pupil of David.
138. Magnis excidit ausis. Ovid, Met. II. 328.

CHAPTER VIII

October 23. Numbered IX.


Captain Parry. Captain, afterwards Sir William Edward Parry
(1790–1855), explorer of the North-West Passage.
139. Note. Painful scene in Evelina. Letter XXV.
142. Note. My old acquaintance (Dr. Stoddart). Sir John Stoddart
(1773–1856), Hazlitt’s brother-in-law. He was knighted in 1826.
144. Mutually reflected charities. Burke, Select Works, ed. Payne, II.
40.
Note. In the manner of Swift. Add, from the newspaper:—‘So
accomplished an equestrian (thought I) might ascend a throne with
popularity and effect! It was not the first or the last time in my life I
have been rebuked for glancing a sceptical eye at the same sort of
grave masquerading.—Cucullus non facit Monachum. It was but the
other day that I was called to account for having hinted that a
subscriber to The Sentinel,[60] and a patron and prime mover in
Blackwood, is not one of the best and greatest characters of the age;
or that, if so, then a tool of power, a party-bigot, and a suborner of
private slander, in support of public wrong, is one of the best and
greatest characters of the age. Mr. Blackwood should take care how
he implicates any really respectable character by defending it. The
worst ever supposed of the author of Waverley was, that there was a
clandestine understanding between him and Mr. Blackwood—
through Sir Walter Scott! The Ned Christian[61] compliment turns
upon this. Mr. Taylor of Fleet-street, need not have disavowed the
paragraph; it might as well have been laid to the charge of Mr. Taylor
of The Sun. The passage was not worth speaking of—but I have since
done the same thing better, and the one passage is (cleverly enough)
brought forward as a screen to the other.’
145. Thrust us from a level consideration. 2 King Henry IV., Act II.
Sc. 1.
Garlanded with flowers.
Cf. ‘All garlanded with carven imag’ries
Of fruits, and flowers, and bunches of knot-grass.’
Keats, The Eve of St. Agnes, XXIV.

The lean abhorred monster. Romeo and Juliet, Act V. Sc. 3.


No black and melancholic yew-trees. Webster’s The White Devil, Act
IV. Sc. 2.

Pansies for thoughts. Hamlet, Act IV. Sc. 5.


146. The daughter of Madame d’Orbe. Sixième Partie, Lettre XI.
146. Ney. Michel Ney (1769–1815), Napoleon’s great general, ‘the
bravest of the brave,’ who had five horses shot under him at
Waterloo. He urged Napoleon to abdicate after the campaign of 1814,
and on Napoleon’s return from Elba was sent to fight him. He went
over to his old Emperor, however, and, after Waterloo, was arrested
for high treason, condemned to death, and shot in the Luxembourg
Gardens.
Massena. André Masséna (1756–1817), another of Napoleon’s
generals, ‘the favoured child of victory.’
Kellerman. François Christophe de Kellermann (1735–1820), the
successful general at Valmy (1792).
Fontaine. Jean de la Fontaine (1621–1695), the fabulist.
De Lille. Jacques Delille (1738–1813), French poet and translator of
Paradise Lost.

CHAPTER IX
November 17. Numbered X.
147. Mademoiselle Mars. See vol. VII., The Plain Speaker, pp. 324 et
seq.
Mrs. Jordan. Dorothea or Dorothy Jordan (1762–1816). See vol. VIII.,
containing Hazlitt’s dramatic writings, for criticism upon her and the
following actresses.
Mrs. Siddons. Sarah Siddons (1755–1831).
Miss Farren. Elizabeth Farren (1759?-1829), Countess of Derby. See
vol. VIII., Lectures on the Comic Writers, 165, etc.
Mrs. Abington. Frances Abington (1737–1815).
Miss O’Neil. Eliza O’Neil (1791–1872), afterwards Lady Becher. See
vol. I., The Round Table, note to p. 156, and vol. VIII. A View of the
English Stage, p. 291.
Flavia the least and slightest toy. Bishop Atterbury’s Flavia’s Fan.
149. Monsieur Damas. For more than twenty-five years one of the
most brilliant actors at the Comédie Française. He retired from the
stage in 1825 and died in 1834.
151. Midsummer madness. Twelfth Night, Act III. Sc. 4.
Mr. Bartolino Saddletree. See Scott’s Heart of Midlothian.
Whole loosened soul.
Cf. ‘All my loose soul unbounded springs to thee.’
Pope, Eloisa to Abelard, 228.

Mrs. Orger. Mrs. Mary Ann Orger (1788–1849), chiefly remembered


for her excellence in farce at Drury Lane.
152. Mr. Braham. The famous tenor. See note to vol. VII., The Plain
Speaker, p. 70.
Note. No single volume paramount. Wordsworth, Poems dedicated
to National Independence and Liberty, XV., Sonnet beginning ‘Great
men have been among us.’
153. Odry. Jacques-Charles Odry (1781–1853). He played at the
Variétés for forty years, the idol of his audiences.
Monsieur Potier. Charles Potier (1775–1838), comic actor.
154. Brunet. Jean-Joseph Mira, called Brunet (1766–1851).
Talma. François Joseph Talma (1763–1826), one of the greatest of
French tragic actors.
Mademoiselle Georges. Marguerite-Joséphine Weimer, otherwise
Georges (1787–1867), one of the most famous actresses of her day,
beautiful, haughty, and wayward.
PAGE
154. Madame Paradol. Anne-Catherine-Lucinde Prévost-Paradol
(1798–1843).
Mademoiselle Duchesnois. Catherine-Joseph Rufuin, otherwise
Duchesnois (1777–1835), classical tragédienne. She was an intimate
friend of Talma, and has been considered his equal. The rivalry
between her and the beautiful Mlle. Georges extended to their
respective admirers and to the press.

CHAPTER X

October 26. Numbered XI.


157. Inigo Jones. The architect of Lincoln’s Inn Chapel, the
banqueting-house at Whitehall, St. Paul’s Church, Covent-Garden,
etc. (1573–1652).
The famous passage in Burke. A Letter to a Noble Lord (Works,
Bohn, V. 137).
Mr. Jerdan. William Jerdan (1782–1869), editor of the Tory Sun
(1813–1817), and then associated for many years with the Literary
Gazette.
The painful warrior. Shakespeare, Sonnet XXV.
159. What though the radiance. Wordsworth, Ode, Intimations of
Immortality [taken from my sight.... Of splendour in the grass, of
glory in the flower.]
The burden and the mystery. Wordsworth’s Tintern Abbey.
The worst ... returns to good. Cf. ‘the worst returns to laughter,’ King
Lear, Act IV. Sc. 1.
And bring with thee [and add to these] retired Leisure. Il Penseroso,
49.
Nature to advantage drest. Pope, Essay on Criticism, Part II. 97.
Paradise of dainty devices. The name given to a collection of poems
published 1576 and various times later.
The Frenchman’s darling. Cowper, The Task, IV. 765.
161. With glistering spires. Paradise Lost, III. 550.
Low farms and [poor] pelting villages. King Lear, Act II. Sc. 3.
162. But let thy spiders. King Richard II., Act III. Sc. 2 [treacherous
feet ... thy sovereign’s enemies].
Bear the beating of so strong a passion. Twelfth Night, Act II. Sc. 4.

CHAPTER XI

November 2. Numbered XII.


163. I also am a painter. See Vasari’s Lives (ed. Blashfield and
Hopkins), III. 32, note 28.
Roubilliac. Louis Francis Roubilliac (d. 1762). See vol. VII. The Plain
Speaker, p. 89 and note thereto.
164. Bernini. Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini (1598–1680), painter,
sculptor, and architect, the Michael Angelo of his day.
And when I think that his immortal wings. Heaven and Earth, Part
I. Scene 1.

165. Thinly scattered to make up a shew. Romeo and Juliet, Act V.


Sc. 1.
The Chevalier Canova. Antonio Canova, Venetian sculptor (1757–
1822) was commissioned by the Roman Government in 1815, after
the fall of the Napoleonic Empire, to recover the art treasures that
had been taken to France.
Note. He heard it. Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, Canto IV. 141.
166. Vestris. Lucia Elizabeth Bartolozzi, Madame Vestris (1797–
1856), the famous actress, subsequently wife of the younger
Mathews. See vol. VIII. A View of the English Stage, p. 327 and note.
167. Razzi. Giovanni Antonio dei Razzi of Piedmont (1477–1549).
Cortot. Jean Pierre Cortot (1787–1843). The Virgin and Child was
painted for the Cathedral of Arras.
PAGE
167. Espercieux. Jean Joseph Espercieux (1758–1840).
Chaudet. Antoine Denis Chaudet (1763–1810).
168. Gayrard. Raymond Gayrard (1777–1858).

CHAPTER XII

November 4. Numbered XIII


170. The upturned eyes of wondering mortals. Romeo and Juliet,
Act II. Sc. 2.
His Devin du Village. Rousseau’s opera (1753), now best known
because of the air in it called ‘Rousseau’s Dream.’
171. Derivis. Henri Etienne Dérivis (1780–1856), operatic singer,
renowned for his powerful bass voice.
It is my vice to spy into abuses. Othello, Act III. Sc. 3.
173. Non sat[is] est pulchra poemata esse, dulcia sunto. Horace, Ars
Poet., 99.
174. Madame Le Gallois. Amélie-Marie-Antoinette Legallois, born
1804. She was a favourite dancer for many years, and retired about
1839.
Nina. An Italian opera, produced at Naples, May 1787. See vol. VII.
The Plain Speaker, p. 325.
Oh for a beaker full of the warm South. Keats, Ode to a Nightingale.
Gazza Ladra. A comic opera by Rossini, produced 1817.
Mombelli. Esther Mombelli (b. 1794).
Pellegrini. Félix Pellegrini (1774–1832).
175. The Maid and the Magpie. See vol. VII. A View of the English
Stage, pp. 244, 279.

CHAPTER XIII

April 5, 1825. Numbered XIV


Note. Madame Pasta. See vol. VII. The Plain Speaker, pp. 324, et seq.
176. In summer shade [yield him], in winter fire. Pope, Ode on
Solitude.
Maritorneses. From the name of the servant wench in Don Quixote,
who had hair like a horse’s tail.
177. A thing of life. Byron’s Corsair, Canto I. 3.
Fit for speed succinct. Paradise Lost, III. 643.
Mark how a plain tale shall put them down. 1 King Henry IV., Act II.
Sc. 4.
178. Dr. S. Dr. Stoddart. See ante, note to p. 142.
Famous poet’s pen. Cf. Spenser’s Verses to the Earl of Essex.
182. M. Martine’s Death of Socrates. Alphonse-Marie-Louis de Prat
de Lamartine’s (1791–1869) work was published in 1823.
A nation of shopkeepers. See vol. I. The Round Table, note to p. 150.
M. de la Place. Pierre Antoine de la Place (1707–1793) translated
Tom Jones. The third edition of 1751 is in the British Museum.
183. L. H. Leigh Hunt.
CHAPTER XIV

April 6. Numbered XV
Devoutly to be wished. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 1.
184. Honest sonsie bawsont face. Burns, The Twa Dogs.
The icy fang and season’s difference. As You Like it, Act II. Sc. 1.
Mr. Theodore Hook. Theodore Edward Hook (1788–1841), novelist
and political writer, the Lucian Gay of ‘Coningsby,’ and editor of the
Tory ‘John Bull’ newspaper.
PAGE
186. Here was sympathy. The Merry Wives of Windsor, Act II. Sc. 1.
De Stutt—Tracey’s ‘Idéologie.’ Antoine Louis Claude Comte Destutt
de Tracy’s (1754–1836), Élémens d’Idéologie was published in 1817–
1818.
Mignet’s French Revolution. François-Auguste-Marie Mignet’s
(1796–1884) Histoire de la Révolution Française was published in
1824.
Sayings and Doings. Nine novels of Theodore Hook, published
1826–1829.
Irving’s Orations. Probably Edward Irving’s Four Orations for the
Oracles of God, published in 1823, a third edition of which was
issued in the following year. Cf. vol. iv. The Spirit of the Age, p. 228.
The Paris edition of ‘Table Talk.’ See vol. VI. Bibliographical Note to
Table Talk.
187. Note. Mr. Canning’s ‘faithlessness.’ He had the reputation for
preferring devious paths. ‘I said of him “that his mind’s-eye
squinted,”’ wrote Croker to Lord Brougham, March 1839. See the
Croker Papers, vol. II. p. 352.
Note. Like that ensanguined [sanguine] flower. Lycidas, 106.
Note. Francesco Guicciardini’s (1483–1540), History of Italy from
1494–1532.
Note. Enrico Caterino Davila (1576–1631) of Padua, author of a
History of the Civil Wars of France.
190. The merit of the death of Hotspur. 1 King Henry IV., Act V. Sc.
4.
He who relished. i.e., Rousseau.
The Magdalen Muse of Mr. Moore. See vol. VII. The Plain Speaker, p.
368.
191. Where Alps o’er [on] Alps arise. Pope, Essay on Criticism, II. 32.
This fortress, built by nature. King Richard II., Act II. Sc. 1.
Nodded to him. A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Act III. Sc. 1.
193. Hemskirk. Maerten van Veen of Heemskerk, near Haarlem
(1498–1574), a follower of Michael Angelo.
Kean. Edmund Kean (1787–1833).
194. With cautious haste [wanton heed] and giddy cunning.
L’Allegro, 141.

CHAPTER XV

July 15. Numbered XVI


196. A gentle usher; Authority [husher, vanity] by name. The Faerie
Queene I., iv. 13.
197. Teres et rotundus. Horace, Sat. II. 7.
Spagnoletto. Josef or Jusepe de Ribera, otherwise Lo Spagnoletto
(1588–1656), of Spanish birth, whose chief work was done in Naples.
His subjects are generally delineations of scourgings and other
scenes of torture. See ante, note to p. 70.
200. With marriageable arms. Paradise Lost, V. 217.
To-morrow to fresh fields [woods]. Lycidas, 193.
Mr. Crabbe. George Crabbe (1754–1832).
202. Serious in mortality. Macbeth, Act II. Sc. 3.
203. Methought she looked at us—So everyone believes that sees a
Duchess!—Old Play. Perhaps Hazlitt had in mind the following lines
from Middleton’s Women Beware Women, Act I. Sc. 3.
Bian. ‘Did not the duke look up? methought he saw us.

Mother. That’s every one’s conceit that sees a duke.’

Mengs. Anton Rafael Mengs (1728–1779), of Bohemian birth, best


known by his fresco paintings.
PAGE
204. The sense aches at them. Othello, Act IV. Sc. 2.
205. John of Bologna. Born at Douai about 1524, died 1608, the
greatest Italian sculptor, architect, and worker in bronze, after the
death of Michael Angelo.
Professor Mezzofanti. Joseph Caspar Mezzofanti (1771–1848), who
was created Cardinal in 1838, and who claimed to be able to express
himself in seventy-eight languages.
Giotto. Giotto di Bondone (1266–76—1337), the inspirer of
naturalistic painting in Italy.
Ghirlandaio. Domenico Bigordi (1449–1494), generally called
Ghirlandaio, the Garland-maker (his father was a goldsmith), one of
the greatest artists in his time, and the teacher of Michael Angelo.
206. Note. Dr. Gall. John Joseph Gall, the phrenologist (1758–1828).
See vol. VII. The Plain Speaker, pp. 17 et seq. and 137 et seq.
207. By their works [fruits]. S. Matthew vii. 20.

CHAPTER XVI

July 22. Numbered XVII


And when she spake. The Faerie Queene, II., II. 24.
209. Cloud-clapt. Cf. ‘Cloud-capp’d towers.’ The Tempest, Act IV. Sc.
1.
211. My friend L. H. Leigh Hunt.
The rival families of the Gerardeschi and the ——. The missing word
should be Visconti.
Enriched. Burns, Tam o’ Shanter, 16.
212. Enchants the world. Thomson, The Seasons, Summer, 1347.
Lord Burghersh. John Fane, eleventh Earl of Westmorland (1784–
1859) was appointed minister plenipotentiary to Florence in 1814.
214. Alien Bill. In consequence of the flight from France during the
Revolution, Alien Bills were passed in 1792–1793 giving the crown
power to banish foreigners.
Molière’s Tartuffe. For the ordinance of the Archbishop of Paris see
MM. Despois and Mesnard’s edition of Molière, vol. IV. p. 322.
Fishy fume. Paradise Lost, IV. 168.
215. Paved with good intentions. An old saying: Hazlitt probably had
in mind Dr. Johnson’s use of it. (See Boswell’s Johnson, ed. G. B.
Hill, vol. II. p. 360.)
216. Omne tulit punctum. Horace, Ars Poet., 343.
218. Otiosa Æternitas. Milton’s Sylvæ, De Ideâ Platonicâ
Quemadmodum Aristoteles Intellexit.
Redi. Francesco Redi (1626–1698), Italian physician, naturalist and
poet. He helped in the compilation of the dictionary of the Academia
Della Crusca. See Masson’s Life of Milton, 1881, vol. I. p. 786.

CHAPTER XVII

July 26. Numbered XVIII


219. Bandinello. Bartolommeo Bandinelli, sculptor, of Florence
(1493–1560).
The Perseus of Benvenuto Cellini. See Roscoe’s translation of
Cellini’s Memoirs, chapters 41, 43, etc.
220. Men of no mark or likelihood. 1 King Henry IV., Act III. Sc. 2.
221. Even in death there is animation too. Cf. ‘That were a theme
might animate the dead,’ Cowper, Table Talk, 202.
PAGE
221. Forsyth. Joseph Forsyth (1763–1815), whose Remarks on
Antiquities, Arts, and Letters, during an Excursion in Italy in the
years 1802 and 1803, were published in 1813.
222. Elegant Extracts. Elegant Extracts in Prose, in Verse, and
Epistles, 1789, and often reprinted later. Compiled by Vicesimus
Knox (1752–1821), Master of Tonbridge School, 1778–1812.
223. Trim’s story of the sausage-maker’s wife. Tristram Shandy,
Book II. 17.
Labour of love. 1 Thessalonians i. 3.
As Rousseau prided himself. Les Confessions, Partie II. Livre ix.
224. Just washed in the dew. The Taming of the Shrew, Act II. Sc. 1.
Strange child-worship. Lamb, Lines on the celebrated picture by
Leonardo da Vinci; called the Virgin of the Rocks.
Luini. Bernardino Luini (c. 1460–70–c. 1530), whose style so
resembles that of Leonardo da Vinci that it is difficult to distinguish
their works.
225. Bronzino. A name applied to a family of Florentine painters,
Angiolo Allori (1502–1572), Alessandro Allori (1535–1607), and
Cristofano Allori (1577–1621).
The late Mr. Opie. John Opie (1761–1807), portrait painter. See vol.
VI. Mr. Northcote’s Conversations, p. 343 and note.

A thing of life. Byron’s Corsair, Canto I. 3.


226. Deliberation sits and public care. Paradise Lost, II. 303.
Julio Romano. See ante, note to p. 18.
Andrea del Sarto. See ante, note to p. 25.
Giorgioni. See ante, note to p. 26.
Schiavoni. ?Andrea Meldolla, or Il Schiavone (1522–1582), of
Dalmatian birth, a follower of Titian.
Cigoli. Lodovico Cardi, otherwise called Cigoli (1559–1613),
Florentine painter, a follower of Andrea del Sarto and Michael
Angelo.
Fra Bartolomeo. Bartolommeo di Pagholo del Fattorino, generally
called Fra Bartolommeo (1475–1517). Some of his earliest sketches
he committed to the flames under the influence of Savonarola in
1489 and, later, became a monk.
Shardborne beetle. Macbeth, Act III. Sc. 2.
Lady Morgan. Sydney Owenson, Lady Morgan (1783?-1859), the
novelist. Her Life of Salvator Rosa was published in 1823; see
Hazlitt’s review of it, vol. X., Edinburgh Review Articles, pp. 276 et
seq.

CHAPTER XVIII

July 29. Numbered XIX


229. Old Burnet. Thomas Burnet (1635?-1715), Master of the
Charterhouse (1685–1715). See Telluris Theoria Sacra, lib. I. cap. 9.
A thousand storms, a thousand winters. Beaumont and Fletcher’s
Philaster, Act V. Sc. 3.
232. A house that had belonged to Milton. See vol. IV. The Spirit of
the Age, pp. 189, 190 and note; and the frontispiece to vol. III.

CHAPTER XIX

August 12. Numbered XX


234. Though Mr. Hobhouse has written Annotations. John Cam
Hobhouse, Baron Broughton de Gifford (1786–1869). See his
Historical Illustrations of the Fourth Canto of ‘Childe Harold,’
containing Dissertations on the Ruins of Rome, PAGE
and an Essay on Italian Literature, 1818, and the Notes to the Canto
in Byron’s Poetical Works.
234. He hears it not. Byron, Childe Harold, IV. cxli. with sundry
alterations.
236. So sit two Kings of Brentford. Cowper, The Task, I. 78.
237. Youthful poets dream of [fancy] when they love. Rowe’s Fair
Penitent, Act III. Sc. 1.
Julia de Roubigne. A novel by Henry Mackenzie, the ‘Man of
Feeling,’ (1745–1831), published 1777.
Miss Milner. The heroine of Mrs. Elizabeth Inchbald’s (1753–1821)
novel, A Simple Story (1791).
238. Guercino. See ante, note to p. 25.
Garofolo. Benvenuto Tisi, called Garofolo from his birth-place
(1481–1559). His best works are to be seen at Ferrara.
239. Gaspar Poussin. See ante, note to p. 14.
Ariosto. Ludovico Ariosto (1474–1533), the author of Orlando
Furioso.
Pietro da Cartona. Pietro Berrettini of Cartoni (1596–1669). The
ceiling of the grand saloon of the Palazzo Barberini is his; it is
generally recognised as one of the greatest accomplishments of
decorative art.
240. Andrea Sacchi. A Roman painter (d. 1661). His greatest work is
the ‘St. Romuald with his Monks’ in the Vatican.

CHAPTER XX

242. Scribe. Eugène Scribe (1791–1861).


Cribb. Tom Cribb (1781–1848), the champion pugilist. See vol. IV.
The Spirit of the Age, note to p. 223.
244. A tub to a whale. The tradition is an old one, but Hazlitt may
have had in mind the Preface to Swift’s Tale of a Tub. The allusion is
undoubtedly to Canning’s recognition of the independence of the
Spanish American Colonies in 1823.
Fænum in cornu. Horace, Sat. I. iv. 33.
245. Lily-livered. Macbeth, Act V. Sc. 3 and King Lear, Act II. Sc. 2.
But that two-handed engine at the door. Lycidas, 130.
246. Finds a taint in the Liberal. See vol. VII. The Plain Speaker, p.
379 and note.
Mr. Waithman. Robert Waithman (1764–1833), linen-draper,
pamphleteer, Lord Mayor of London (1823), and M.P. for London
(1818–1820, 1826–1833).
Dr. E. Mr. W. C. Hazlitt states that the name should be Edwards.
This incident forms a singular parallel with Johnson’s meeting with
his fellow-collegian, Edwards. See Boswell, ed. G. B. Hill, III. 302 et
seq.
Note. A Mr. Law. Probably a son of Thomas Law (1759–1834), of
Washington, writer on finance, whose brother was Edward Law, first
Baron Ellenborough (1750–1818).
247. The John Bull. Theodore Hook’s paper. See vol. IV., The Spirit of
the Age, p. 217 and note.
Mr. Shee’s tragedy. Sir Martin Arthur Shee (1769–1850), one of the
founders of the British Institution, portrait painter, and President of
the Royal Academy, 1830–50. See ante, p. 434. His play, Alasco, on
the partition of Poland, was accepted by Charles Kemble for Covent
Garden, but prohibited by the examiner of plays, George Colman the
younger. It was published in 1824.
To be direct and honest is not safe. Othello, Act III. Sc. 3.
Can these things be. Macbeth, Act III. Sc. 4.
PAGE
247. Note. Mr. Barrow. Sir John Barrow (1764–1848) was second
secretary of the Admiralty, 1804–1806 and 1807–1845. Croker of
course was the other secretary of the Admiralty as well as a
contributor to the Quarterly.
248. Very stuff o’ the conscience. Othello, Act I. Sc. 2.
Note. Chief Justice Holt. Sir John Holt (1642–1710), Lord Chief
Justice of the King’s Bench (1689–1710), the Verus of The Tatler. See
No. 14, May 12, 1709.
249. Man seldom is.
‘Man never Is, but always To be blest.’
Pope, Essay on Man, I. 96.

There’s no such thing. Merry Wives of Windsor, Act III. Sc. 3.


250. M. Beyle ... De l’Amour. Marie Henri Beyle’s (1783–1842) work
was published in 1822. He is better known under his pseudonym of
Stendhal. His best works are Le Rouge et le Noir (1830) and La
Chartreuse de Parme (1839).

CHAPTER XXI

September 6. Numbered XXII


Number XXIV., Sept. 9, begins with the paragraph ‘Tivoli is an
enchanting,’ etc., on p. 257.
253. Native to the manner here.
‘Native here, and to the manner born.’
Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 4.

Forsyth. See ante, note to p. 221. He speaks of the butcher sticking


gold-leaf on his mutton’ (ed. 1813, p. 298).
254. Maria Cosway. Maria Cecilia Louisa Cosway (fl. 1820),
miniature painter, of Florentine birth and English extraction. She
married Richard Cosway in 1781.

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