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MATLAB An Introduction with Applications Fourth
Edition Amos Gilat Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Amos Gilat
ISBN(s): 9780470767856, 0470767855
Edition: 4th
File Details: PDF, 9.33 MB
Year: 2011
Language: english
This page intentionally left blank
MATLAB
®

An Introduction
with Applications
This page intentionally left blank
MATLAB
®

An Introduction
with Applications
Fourth Edition

Amos Gilat
Department of Mechanical Engineering
The Ohio State University

JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.

VP & EXECUTIVE PUBLISHER Don Fowley
PUBLISHER Dan Sayre
MARKETING MANAGER Christopher Ruel
EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Katie Singleton
DESIGNER Wendy Lai
MEDIA EDITOR Thomas Kulesa
PRODUCTION MANAGER Micheline Frederick
PRODUCTION EDITOR Amy Weintraub

Cover images: Amos Gilat

This book was printed and bound by Malloy Lithographers. The cover was printed by
Malloy Lithographers.

This book is printed on acid free paper. ∞

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publi-
cation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or
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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data:

ISBN-13 978-0-470-76785-6

Printed in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Preface
MATLAB® is a very popular language for technical computing used by stu-
dents, engineers, and scientists in universities, research institutes, and industries
all over the world. The software is popular because it is powerful and easy to use.
For university freshmen in it can be thought of as the next tool to use after the
graphic calculator in high school.
This book was written following several years of teaching the software to
freshmen in an introductory engineering course. The objective was to write a book
that teaches the software in a friendly, non-intimidating fashion. Therefore, the
book is written in simple and direct language. In many places bullets, rather than
lengthy text, are used to list facts and details that are related to a specific topic.
The book includes numerous sample problems in mathematics, science, and engi-
neering that are similar to problems encountered by new users of MATLAB.
This fourth edition of the book is updated to MATLAB 7.11 (Release
2010b). Other modifications/changes to this edition are: programming (now
Chapter 6) is introduced before user-defined functions (now Chapter 7), applica-
tions in numerical analysis (now Chapter 9) follows polynomials, curve fitting
and interpolation that is covered in Chapter 8. The last two chapters are 3D plot-
ting (now Chapter 10) and symbolic math (Chapter 11). In addition, the end of
chapter problems have been revised. There are many more problems in every
chapter, and close to 80% are new of different than in previous editions. In addi-
tion, the problems cover a wider range of topics.
I would like to thank several of my colleagues at The Ohio State University.
Professors Richard Freuler, Mark Walter, and Walter Lampert, and Dr. Mike Parke
read sections of the book and suggested modifications. I also appreciate the
involvement and support of Professors Robert Gustafson and John Demel and Dr.
John Merrill from the First-Year Engineering Program at The Ohio State Univer-
sity. Special thanks go to Professor Mike Lichtensteiger (OSU), and my daughter
Tal Gilat (Marquette University), who carefully reviewed the first edition of the
book and provided valuable comments and criticisms. Professor Brian Harper
(OSU) has made a significant contribution to the new end of chapter problems in
the present edition.
I would like to express my appreciation to all those who have reviewed the
first edition of the text at its various stages of development, including Betty Barr,
University of Houston; Andrei G. Chakhovskoi, University of California, Davis;
Roger King, University of Toledo; Richard Kwor, University of Colorado at Colo-
rado Springs; Larry Lagerstrom, University of California, Davis; Yueh-Jaw Lin,
University of Akron; H. David Sheets, Canisius College; Geb Thomas, University
v
vi Preface

of Iowa; Brian Vick, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Jay
Weitzen, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; and Jane Patterson Fife, The Ohio
State University. In addition, I would like to acknowledge Daniel Sayre, Ken San-
tor, and Katie Singleton, all from John Wiley & Sons, who supported the produc-
tion of the Fourth edition.
I hope that the book will be useful and will help the users of MATLAB to
enjoy the software.
Amos Gilat
Columbus, Ohio
November, 2010
gilat.1@osu.edu

To my parents Schoschana and Haim Gelbwacks

Contents
Preface v
Introduction 1
Chapter 1 Starting with MATLAB 5
1.1 STARTING MATLAB, MATLAB WINDOWS 5
1.2 WORKING IN THE COMMAND WINDOW 9
1.3 ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS WITH SCALARS 10
1.3.1 Order of Precedence 11
1.3.2 Using MATLAB as a Calculator 11
1.4 DISPLAY FORMATS 12
1.5 ELEMENTARY MATH BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS 13
1.6 DEFINING SCALAR VARIABLES 16
1.6.1 The Assignment Operator 16
1.6.2 Rules About Variable Names 18
1.6.3 Predefined Variables and Keywords 18
1.7 USEFUL COMMANDS FOR MANAGING VARIABLES 19
1.8 SCRIPT FILES 20
1.8.1 Notes About Script Files 20
1.8.2 Creating and Saving a Script File 21
1.8.3 Running (Executing) a Script File 22
1.8.4 Current Folder 22
1.9 EXAMPLES OF MATLAB APPLICATIONS 24
1.10 PROBLEMS 27
Chapter 2 Creating Arrays 35
2.1 CREATING A ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY (VECTOR) 35
2.2 CREATING A TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY (MATRIX) 39
2.2.1 The zeros, ones and, eye Commands 40
2.3 NOTES ABOUT VARIABLES IN MATLAB 41
2.4 THE TRANSPOSE OPERATOR 41
2.5 ARRAY ADDRESSING 42
2.5.1 Vector 42
2.5.2 Matrix 43
2.6 USING A COLON : IN ADDRESSING ARRAYS 44
2.7 ADDING ELEMENTS TO EXISTING VARIABLES 46
2.8 DELETING ELEMENTS 48
2.9 BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS FOR HANDLING ARRAYS 49
2.10 STRINGS AND STRINGS AS VARIABLES 53
2.11 PROBLEMS 55
Chapter 3 Mathematical Operations with Arrays 63
3.1 ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION 64
3.2 ARRAY MULTIPLICATION 65
3.3 ARRAY DIVISION 68
vii
viii Contents

3.4 ELEMENT-BY-ELEMENT OPERATIONS 72

3.5 USING ARRAYS IN MATLAB BUILT-IN MATH FUNCTIONS 75
3.6 BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS FOR ANALYZING ARRAYS 75
3.7 GENERATION OF RANDOM NUMBERS 77
3.8 EXAMPLES OF MATLAB APPLICATIONS 80
3.9 PROBLEMS 86
Chapter 4 Using Script Files and Managing Data 95
4.1 THE MATLAB WORKSPACE AND THE WORKSPACE WINDOW 96
4.2 INPUT TO A SCRIPT FILE 97
4.3 OUTPUT COMMANDS 100
4.3.1 The disp Command 101
4.3.2 The fprintf Command 103
4.4 THE save AND load COMMANDS 111
4.4.1 The save Command 111
4.4.2 The load Command 112
4.5 IMPORTING AND EXPORTING DATA 114
4.5.1 Commands for Importing and Exporting Data 114
4.5.2 Using the Import Wizard 116
4.6 EXAMPLES OF MATLAB APPLICATIONS 118
4.7 PROBLEMS 123
Chapter 5 Two-Dimensional Plots 133
5.1 THE plot COMMAND 134
5.1.1 Plot of Given Data 138
5.1.2 Plot of a Function 139
5.2 THE fplot COMMAND 140
5.3 PLOTTING MULTIPLE GRAPHS IN THE SAME PLOT 141
5.3.1 Using the plot Command 141
5.3.2 Using the hold on and hold off Commands 142
5.3.3 Using the line Command 143
5.4 FORMATTING A PLOT 144
5.4.1 Formatting a Plot Using Commands 144
5.4.2 Formatting a Plot Using the Plot Editor 148
5.5 PLOTS WITH LOGARITHMIC AXES 149
5.6 PLOTS WITH ERROR BARS 150
5.7 PLOTS WITH SPECIAL GRAPHICS 152
5.8 HISTOGRAMS 153
5.9 POLAR PLOTS 156
5.10 PUTTING MULTIPLE PLOTS ON THE SAME PAGE 157
5.11 MULTIPLE FIGURE WINDOWS 157
5.12 EXAMPLES OF MATLAB APPLICATIONS 159
5.13 PROBLEMS 163
Contents ix

Chapter 6 Programming in MATLAB 173

6.1 RELATIONAL AND LOGICAL OPERATORS 174
6.2 CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS 182
6.2.1 The if-end Structure 182
6.2.2 The if-else-end Structure 184
6.2.3 The if-elseif-else-end Structure 185
6.3 THE switch-case STATEMENT 187
6.4 LOOPS 190
6.4.1 for-end Loops 190
6.4.2 while-end Loops 195
6.5 NESTED LOOPS AND NESTED CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS 198
6.6 THE break AND continue COMMANDS 200
6.7 EXAMPLES OF MATLAB APPLICATIONS 201
6.8 PROBLEMS 209
Chapter 7 User-Defined Functions and Function Files 219
7.1 CREATING A FUNCTION FILE 220
7.2 STRUCTURE OF A FUNCTION FILE 221
7.2.1 Function Definition Line 222
7.2.2 Input and Output Arguments 222
7.2.3 The H1 Line and Help Text Lines 224
7.2.4 Function Body 224
7.3 LOCAL AND GLOBAL VARIABLES 224
7.4 SAVING A FUNCTION FILE 225
7.5 USING A USER-DEFINED FUNCTION 226
7.6 EXAMPLES OF SIMPLE USER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS 227
7.7 COMPARISON BETWEEN SCRIPT FILES AND FUNCTION FILES 229
7.8 ANONYMOUS AND INLINE FUNCTIONS 229
7.8.1 Anonymous Functions 230
7.8.2 Inline Functions 233
7.9 FUNCTION FUNCTIONS 234
7.9.1 Using Function Handles for Passing a Function into a Function
Function 235
7.9.2 Using a Function Name for Passing a Function into a Function
Function 238
7.10 SUBFUNCTIONS 240
7.11 NESTED FUNCTIONS 242
7.12 EXAMPLES OF MATLAB APPLICATIONS 245
7.13 PROBLEMS 248
Chapter 8 Polynomials, Curve Fitting, and Interpolation 261
8.1 POLYNOMIALS 261
8.1.1 Value of a Polynomial 262
8.1.2 Roots of a Polynomial 263
8.1.3 Addition, Multiplication, and Division of Polynomials 264
8.1.4 Derivatives of Polynomials 266
8.2 CURVE FITTING 267
x Contents

8.2.1 Curve Fitting with Polynomials; The polyfit Function 267

8.2.2 Curve Fitting with Functions Other than Polynomials 271
8.3 INTERPOLATION 274
8.4 THE BASIC FITTING INTERFACE 278
8.5 EXAMPLES OF MATLAB APPLICATIONS 281
8.6 PROBLEMS 286
Chapter 9 Applications in Numerical Analysis 295
9.1 SOLVING AN EQUATION WITH ONE VARIABLE 295
9.2 FINDING A MINIMUM OR A MAXIMUM OF A FUNCTION 298
9.3 NUMERICAL INTEGRATION 300
9.4 ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 303
9.5 EXAMPLES OF MATLAB APPLICATIONS 307
9.6 PROBLEMS 313
Chapter 10 Three-Dimensional Plots 323
10.1 LINE PLOTS 323
10.2 MESH AND SURFACE PLOTS 324
10.3 PLOTS WITH SPECIAL GRAPHICS 331
10.4 THE view COMMAND 333
10.5 EXAMPLES OF MATLAB APPLICATIONS 336
10.6 PROBLEMS 341
Chapter 11 Symbolic Math 347
11.1 SYMBOLIC OBJECTS AND SYMBOLIC EXPRESSIONS 348
11.1.1 Creating Symbolic Objects 348
11.1.2 Creating Symbolic Expressions 350
11.1.3 The findsym Command and the Default Symbolic
Variable 353
11.2 CHANGING THE FORM OF AN EXISTING SYMBOLIC EXPRESSION 354
11.2.1 The collect, expand, and factor Commands 354
11.2.2 The simplify and simple Commands 356
11.2.3 The pretty Command 357
11.3 SOLVING ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS 358
11.4 DIFFERENTIATION 363
11.5 INTEGRATION 365
11.6 SOLVING AN ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION 366
11.7 PLOTTING SYMBOLIC EXPRESSIONS 369
11.8 NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS WITH SYMBOLIC EXPRESSIONS 372
11.9 EXAMPLES OF MATLAB APPLICATIONS 376
11.10 PROBLEMS 384
Appendix: Summary of Characters, Commands, and
Functions 393
Answers to Selected Problems 401
Index 413
 Introduction
MATLAB is a powerful language for technical computing. The name MATLAB
stands for MATrix LABoratory, because its basic data element is a matrix (array).
MATLAB can be used for math computations, modeling and simulations, data
analysis and processing, visualization and graphics, and algorithm development.
MATLAB is widely used in universities and colleges in introductory and
advanced courses in mathematics, science, and especially engineering. In industry
the software is used in research, development, and design. The standard
MATLAB program has tools (functions) that can be used to solve common
problems. In addition, MATLAB has optional toolboxes that are collections of
specialized programs designed to solve specific types of problems. Examples
include toolboxes for signal processing, symbolic calculations, and control
systems.
Until recently, most of the users of MATLAB have been people with
previous knowledge of programming languages such as FORTRAN and C who
switched to MATLAB as the software became popular. Consequently, the
majority of the literature that has been written about MATLAB assumes that the
reader has knowledge of computer programming. Books about MATLAB often
address advanced topics or applications that are specialized to a particular field.
Today, however, MATLAB is being introduced to college students as the first (and
often the only) computer program they will learn. For these students there is a
need for a book that teaches MATLAB assuming no prior experience in computer
programming.
The Purpose of This Book
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications is intended for students who are
using MATLAB for the first time and have little or no experience in computer
programming. It can be used as a textbook in freshmen engineering courses or in
workshops where MATLAB is being taught. The book can also serve as a
reference in more advanced science and engineering courses where MATLAB is
used as a tool for solving problems. It also can be used for self-study of MATLAB
by students and practicing engineers. In addition, the book can be a supplement or
a secondary book in courses where MATLAB is used but the instructor does not
have the time to cover it extensively.
Topics Covered
MATLAB is a huge program, and therefore it is impossible to cover all of it in one
book. This book focuses primarily on the foundations of MATLAB. The
1
2 Introduction

assumption is that once these foundations are well understood, the student will be
able to learn advanced topics easily by using the information in the Help menu.
The order in which the topics are presented in this book was chosen
carefully, based on several years of experience in teaching MATLAB in an
introductory engineering course. The topics are presented in an order that allows
the student to follow the book chapter after chapter. Every topic is presented
completely in one place and then used in the following chapters.
The first chapter describes the basic structure and features of MATLAB and
how to use the program for simple arithmetic operations with scalars as with a
calculator. Script files are introduced at the end of the chapter. They allow the
student to write, save, and execute simple MATLAB programs. The next two
chapters are devoted to the topic of arrays. MATLAB’s basic data element is an
array that does not require dimensioning. This concept, which makes MATLAB a
very powerful program, can be a little difficult to grasp for students who have only
limited knowledge of and experience with linear algebra and vector analysis. The
concept of arrays is introduced gradually and then explained in extensive detail.
Chapter 2 describes how to create arrays, and Chapter 3 covers mathematical
operations with arrays.
Following the basics, more advanced topics that are related to script files
and input and output of data are presented in Chapter 4. This is followed by
coverage of two-dimensional plotting in Chapter 5. Programming with MATLAB
is introduced in Chapter 6. This includes flow control with conditional statements
and loops. User-defined functions, anonymous functions, and function functions
are covered next in Chapter 7. The coverage of function files (user-defined
functions) is intentionally separated from the subject of script files. This has
proven to be easier to understand by students who are not familiar with similar
concepts from other computer programs.
The next three chapters cover more advanced topics. Chapter 8 describes
how MATLAB can be used for carrying out calculations with polynomials, and
how to use MATLAB for curve fitting and interpolation. Chapter 9 covers
applications of MATLAB in numerical analysis. It includes solving nonlinear
equations, finding minimum or a maximum of a function, numerical integration,
and solution of first-order ordinary differential equations. Chapter 10 describes
how to produce three-dimensional plots, an extension of the chapter on two-
dimensional plots. Chapter 11 covers in great detail how to use MATLAB in
symbolic operations.
The Framework of a Typical Chapter
In every chapter the topics are introduced gradually in an order that makes the
concepts easy to understand. The use of MATLAB is demonstrated extensively
within the text and by examples. Some of the longer examples in Chapters 1–3 are
titled as tutorials. Every use of MATLAB is printed with a different font and with
a gray background. Additional explanations appear in boxed text with a white
background. The idea is that the reader will execute these demonstrations and
Introduction 3

tutorials in order to gain experience in using MATLAB. In addition, every chapter

includes formal sample problems that are examples of applications of MATLAB
for solving problems in math, science, and engineering. Each example includes a
problem statement and a detailed solution. Some sample problems are presented
in the middle of the chapter. All of the chapters (except Chapter 2) have a section
at the end with several sample problems of applications. It should be pointed out
that problems with MATLAB can be solved in many different ways. The solutions
of the sample problems are written such that they are easy to follow. This means
that in many cases the problem can be solved by writing a shorter, or sometimes
“trickier,” program. The students are encouraged to try to write their own solu-
tions and compare the end results. At the end of each chapter there is a set of
homework problems. They include general problems from math and science and
problems from different disciplines of engineering.
Symbolic Calculations
MATLAB is essentially a software for numerical calculations. Symbolic math
operations, however, can be executed if the Symbolic Math toolbox is installed.
The Symbolic Math toolbox is included in the student version of the software and
can be added to the standard program.
Software and Hardware
The MATLAB program, like most other software, is continually being developed
and new versions are released frequently. This book covers MATLAB Version
7.11, Release 2010b. It should be emphasized, however, that the book covers the
basics of MATLAB, which do not change much from version to version. The book
covers the use of MATLAB on computers that use the Windows operating system.
Everything is essentially the same when MATLAB is used on other machines. The
user is referred to the documentation of MATLAB for details on using MATLAB
on other operating systems. It is assumed that the software is installed on the
computer, and the user has basic knowledge of operating the computer.
The Order of Topics in the Book
It is probably impossible to write a textbook where all the subjects are presented
in an order that is suitable for everyone. The order of topics in this book is such
that the fundamentals of MATLAB are covered first (arrays and array operations),
and, as mentioned before, every topic is covered completely in one location,
which makes the book easy to use as a reference. The order of the topics in this
fourth edition of the book is a little bit different than in previous editions. Pro-
gramming is introduced before user-defined functions. This allows using pro-
gramming in user-defined functions. Also, applications of MATLAB in numerical
analysis (now Chapter 9, previously 10) follow Chapter 8 which covers polynomi-
als, curve fitting, and interpolation.
This page intentionally left blank
 Chapter 1
Starting with
MATLAB
This chapter begins by describing the characteristics and purposes of the different
windows in MATLAB. Next, the Command Window is introduced in detail. This
chapter shows how to use MATLAB for arithmetic operations with scalars in a
fashion similar to the way that a calculator is used. This includes the use of ele-
mentary math functions with scalars. The chapter then shows how to define scalar
variables (the assignment operator) and how to use these variables in arithmetic
calculations. The last section in the chapter introduces script files. It shows how to
write, save, and execute simple MATLAB programs.

1.1 STARTING MATLAB, MATLAB WINDOWS

It is assumed that the software is installed on the computer, and that the user can
start the program. Once the program starts, the MATLAB desktop window opens
(Figure 1-1). The window contains four smaller windows: the Command Window,
the Current Folder Window, the Workspace Window, and the Command History
Window. This is the default view that shows four of the various windows of MAT-
LAB. A list of several windows and their purpose is given in Table 1-1. The Start
button on the lower left side can be used to access MATLAB tools and features.
Four of the windows—the Command Window, the Figure Window, the Editor
Window, and the Help Window—are used extensively throughout the book and
are briefly described on the following pages. More detailed descriptions are
included in the chapters where they are used. The Command History Window,
Current Folder Window, and the Workspace Window are described in Sections
1.2, 1.8.4, and 4.1, respectively.
Command Window: The Command Window is MATLAB’s main window and
opens when MATLAB is started. It is convenient to have the Command Window
as the only visible window, and this can be done by either closing all the other
windows (click on the x at the top right-hand side of the window you want to
close) or by first selecting the Desktop Layout in the Desktop menu, and then
5
6 Chapter 1: Starting with MATLAB

selecting Command Window Only from the submenu that opens. Working in the
Command Window is described in detail in Section 1.2.

Figure 1-1: The default view of MATLAB desktop.

Table 1-1: MATLAB windows

Window Purpose
Command Window Main window, enters variables, runs
programs.
Figure Window Contains output from graphic
commands.
Editor Window Creates and debugs script and
function files.
Help Window Provides help information.
Command History Window Logs commands entered in the
Command Window.
Workspace Window Provides information about the
variables that are used.
Current Folder Window Shows the files in the current folder.

Figure Window: The Figure Window opens automatically when graphics com-
mands are executed, and contains graphs created by these commands. An example
of a Figure Window is shown in Figure 1-2. A more detailed description of this
window is given in Chapter 5.
1.1 Starting MATLAB, MATLAB Windows 7

Figure 1-2: Example of a Figure Window.

Editor Window: The Editor Window is used for writing and editing programs.
This window is opened from the File menu. An example of an Editor Window is
shown in Figure 1-3. More details on the Editor Window are given in Section
1.8.2, where it is used for writing script files, and in Chapter 7, where it is used to
write function files.

Figure 1-3: Example of an Editor Window.

Help Window: The Help Window contains help information. This window can
be opened from the Help menu in the toolbar of any MATLAB window. The Help
Window is interactive and can be used to obtain information on any feature of
MATLAB. Figure 1-4 shows an open Help Window.
8 Chapter 1: Starting with MATLAB

Figure 1-4: The Help Window.

When MATLAB is started for the first time the screen looks like that shown in
Figure 1-1. For most beginners it is probably more convenient to close all the win-
dows except the Command Window. (Each of the windows can be closed by
clicking on the button.) The closed windows can be reopened by selecting
them from the Desktop menu. The windows shown in Figure 1-1 can be displayed
by selecting first Desktop Layout in the Desktop menu and then Default from
the submenu. The various windows in Figure 1-1 are docked to the desktop. A
window can be undocked (become a separate, independent window) by clicking
on the button on the upper right-hand corner. An independent window can be
redocked by clicking on the button.
Discovering Diverse Content Through
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 Neither Vance nor Ned dared to answer it lest it should be a trick
similar to the one they played a short time previous with such good
success, and it was necessary to wait until Roy returned.
Then the following conversation ensued, Manuel, as a matter of
course, being the spokesman at the wheel-house end of the tube:
“We are willing to admit that we are beaten, and will take to the
small boat at once if you send our friends up.”
Ned dictated the reply:
“It can’t be done. Go alone if you choose, but they stay where
they are until we reach port or are overhauled by some craft, when
you will have a chance to explain how you happen to be on deck
with everybody else holding the fort below.”
“Then we shall stay here, and it may be you’ll have a chance to
fight fire after we get ready to take to the small boat.”
This threat had the effect of frightening Roy somewhat, but Vance
cried positively:
“They won’t dare to do anything of the kind while their chums are
in the hold. Besides, I’d rather take my chances of fighting fire than
of letting them loose. What would prevent them from doing the
same thing after their friends were freed?”
“That’s so!” Ned cried. “Here’s a good trade for them! If they’ll get
into the small boat and push off where we can see them, we’ll let
the others go one at a time. They can swim to the small boat, and
thus save themselves from spending quite a while in jail.”
Roy repeated the words, and a few moments later, to the surprise
of all, Manuel cried:
“We’re in a tight place, and are willing to accept the offer. When
shall we start?”
“He’s up to some mischief now or I’m a Dutchman!” Ned
exclaimed in a low tone, and added: “Tell them to leave at once, and
to push off thirty or forty yards on the port side.”
“Do you think it’s safe?” Vance asked nervously.
 “We’d better take the chances than hang ’round here two or three
days. I believe I can outwit them by working lively.”
Roy repeated the proposition, and Manuel replied:
“Then we’ll start at once, for it will take us nearly all night to pull
back to the island.”
“Now, Vance, keep your eyes open and be ready to run to the
wheel-house on the starboard side,” Ned said quickly, and he waited
at his post until the sound of footsteps on the deck told that the two
men had gone aft.
Then he hurriedly joined Vance, and the latter whispered
nervously:
“They have got at least one revolver, and probably two between
them. We should have insisted on taking the weapons, otherwise
they may fire on us while we are getting under way.”
“That’s exactly what I count on their trying to do, but I reckon
they won’t make very much by it,” Ned said as he went into the port
state-room aft. “Keep a sharp watch there until the boat pushes off,
and then get into the wheel-house as lively as you know how.”
It was evidently a portion of Manuel’s scheme to play fair until his
companions should be with him, when he probably intended to try
something else.
Ned had opened the bull’s-eye a few inches to enable him to see
what was going on, and when the men in the boat came within his
range of vision he said to Vance:
“Now is your time to get into the wheel-house. Be careful to keep
out of sight, and don’t stand erect until we are beyond range.”
“Now send over our friends!” Manuel shouted.
“You shall have them as soon as we can make the necessary
arrangements,” Ned replied as he pushed the muzzle of his weapon
through the aperture. “For fear you might take a notion to board us
again, or send a few bullets at the man at the wheel, I shall stand
right here ready to kill you whenever either of your party makes a
threatening gesture. Bring up the prisoners, Roy.”
 It was some moments before this order could be obeyed, owing to
the network of ropes, but they were finally released and driven
through the cabin, Roy marching behind with the heavy starting-bar
ready to strike down the first one who attempted to show fight.
“See that they jump together,” Ned said, still keeping his eyes
fixed on the boat, where Manuel was busily engaged heaping
maledictions on the heads of the boys because his plans were not
working exactly to suit him. “Comeback here instantly they are in the
water.”
Roy gave the word for the march to be resumed, and the
prisoners rushed on deck after the companion-way door had been
forced by the aid of the bar.
A moment later a loud splash told that they had leaped together,
and as Roy came at full speed below, Ned cried:
“Start her as quick as possible. A few seconds means everything
to us just now!”
The men in the water swam directly toward the boat, and as if to
pick them up at the earliest possible moment, the sailing master
pulled toward them.
“That’s their game, to board us again, thinking we can’t start the
engine,” Ned muttered to himself. “Manuel fancies he has released
his chums, and that we are still in his power.”
Nervous as Ned was, it seemed as if the screw would never
revolve.
The men had been pulled on board the boat and the sailing
master was rowing toward the bow of the yacht with all speed,
probably intending to board from there.
“Hold on or I shall shoot!” Ned cried, and the words had hardly
been spoken before the little craft was so far ahead that he could no
longer see her.
“Hurry up there unless you are willing we shall take those fellows
aboard again!” Ned cried as he ran to the engine-room door, and
then, tearing away the barricade he had erected, rushed on to the
deck.
A bullet whistled past his head as he emerged, and on shrinking
back he understood that the machinery was in motion.
“Give it to her for all she’s worth!” he shouted excitedly, running
through the cabin to the main companion-way, and just as he was
where he could look out, the boat swept past within half a dozen
feet of the stern.
In the bow of the little craft was the darkey, who had been trying
to gain a hold of the yacht as she moved swiftly ahead.
“We’ve done it by the skin of our teeth!” he cried sufficiently loud
for Roy to hear as he ran forward once more, and shouted from the
engine-room door, “take care of yourself, Vance! They are most likely
ready to shoot.”
Three minutes later he ventured on deck, and looking far astern,
saw the pirates sitting motionless in the boat as if dazed at the very
successful manner in which their villainous scheme had been
frustrated.
It seemed incredible that the little craft could have traversed such
a distance in so short a time, but there was no disputing the fact,
and Ned set up a shout of triumph, in which he was joined both
from the wheel-house and engine-room.
Then he ran to where Vance, having just risen to his feet, was
swinging the yacht around as if to intercept a small craft which was
running to the westward.
“That explains why those fellows were so anxious to gain
possession of the craft at once that they were willing to accede to
our terms in the slight hope of getting the best of us. Unless I’m
very much mistaken that is a Key West pilot-boat, which has been
up the coast somewhere, and we had better speak her.”
Vance was not mistaken.
Half an hour later they had overhauled the craft and taken on
board a reliable pilot, who promised they should be at anchor at Key
West before midnight, and, what was better still, he kept his word to
the letter.
Between them Vance and Roy ran the engine, and it is safe to say
both felt a sense of the most intense relief when they heard the
signal to slow down, followed by a command to Ned to “clear away
the anchor.”
It yet lacked a quarter of twelve when the mighty splash told that
the Zoe was in the home port once more, and her capture nothing
more dangerous than some hideous nightmare which is quickly
forgotten.
Vance and Roy were on shore very soon after sunrise next
morning, and almost the first person they met was the former’s
father.
The party had heard at New York of the fears which were
entertained concerning the safety of the Zoe, and passage was
taken on the Key West steamer at once.
They had arrived the evening previous, and Mr. Stewart had left
the hotel thus early in order to hire a craft of some kind to make a
tour of the keys in search of some tidings of the missing ones.
Now that there is no possibility there can be any trouble regarding
the Zoe or her cargo, it is time to end the story.
There is really nothing more to say, except that Ned spent that
winter with Vance and Roy, and very many short cruises did they
take in the Zoe; but, putting them all together, there was not as
much adventure in them as had been crowded into the first voyage.
As a matter of course the treasure was taken charge of by Mr.
Stewart and Mr. Harland, and to-day, in a certain New York City
bank, there is $8,000 as Ned’s share of the treasure found on Spider
Key.
Up to the present time the boy who the good people of Jonesboro
had decided was certain to come to some bad end has never
returned to that place, nor is he likely to do so until after he has
passed an examination for Columbia College, which he, with Vance
and Ned, intends to enter next term if possible.
 Where is the Zoe?
That question cannot be answered, although it is very probable
she is in the vicinity of Key West; but if any of the readers should
keep a sharp lookout during the coming summer, it is more than
likely they will see a jaunty little steam craft, bearing the same
name, which is owned by Ned, Vance, and Roy, having been
purchased with a portion of the money found in the old hulk on
Spider Key.

THE END.
 TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
1. P. 257, changed “either side the center panel” to “either
side of the center panel”.
2. Table of Contents added by transcriber.
3. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in
spelling.
 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WRECKED ON
SPIDER ISLAND; OR, HOW NED ROGERS FOUND THE TREASURE
***

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