Welding Principles and Practices 5th Edition

Bohnart Test Bank pdf download

https://testbankdeal.com/product/welding-principles-and-
practices-5th-edition-bohnart-test-bank/

Download more testbank from https://testbankdeal.com

Instant digital products (PDF, ePub, MOBI) available
Download now and explore formats that suit you...

Welding Principles and Practices 5th Edition Bohnart

Solutions Manual

https://testbankdeal.com/product/welding-principles-and-practices-5th-
edition-bohnart-solutions-manual/

testbankdeal.com

Welding Principles and Applications 7th Edition Jeffus

Test Bank

https://testbankdeal.com/product/welding-principles-and-
applications-7th-edition-jeffus-test-bank/

testbankdeal.com

Interviewing Principles and Practices 14th Edition Stewart

Test Bank

https://testbankdeal.com/product/interviewing-principles-and-
practices-14th-edition-stewart-test-bank/

testbankdeal.com

Digital Evidence and Computer Crime Forensic Science

Computers and the Internet 3rd Edition Casey Test Bank

https://testbankdeal.com/product/digital-evidence-and-computer-crime-
forensic-science-computers-and-the-internet-3rd-edition-casey-test-
bank/
testbankdeal.com
Physics of Sports 1st Edition Lisa Solutions Manual

https://testbankdeal.com/product/physics-of-sports-1st-edition-lisa-
solutions-manual/

testbankdeal.com

Equity Asset Valuation 2nd Edition Pinto Solutions Manual

https://testbankdeal.com/product/equity-asset-valuation-2nd-edition-
pinto-solutions-manual/

testbankdeal.com

Starting Out With C++ From Control Structures Through

Objects 7th Edition Tony Gaddis Test Bank

https://testbankdeal.com/product/starting-out-with-c-from-control-
structures-through-objects-7th-edition-tony-gaddis-test-bank/

testbankdeal.com

Strategic Management 4th Edition Frank-Rothaermel

Solutions Manual

https://testbankdeal.com/product/strategic-management-4th-edition-
frank-rothaermel-solutions-manual/

testbankdeal.com

Cengage Advantage American Foreign Policy and Process 6th

Edition McCormick Test Bank

https://testbankdeal.com/product/cengage-advantage-american-foreign-
policy-and-process-6th-edition-mccormick-test-bank/

testbankdeal.com
Social Psychology Canadian 5th Edition Myers Test Bank

https://testbankdeal.com/product/social-psychology-canadian-5th-
edition-myers-test-bank/

testbankdeal.com
 Chapter 07 Flame Cutting Practice

True / False Questions

1. Flame cutting is an oxy-fuel gas process.

True False

2. Mechanical cutting will not damage the plate edge of the cut metal.
True False

3. The function of the fuel gas is to feed the preheat flames.

True False

4. Of the following fuel gases, the one most commonly used is acetone.
True False

5. The two gases preferred for underwater cutting are natural gas and hydrogen.
True False

6. Acetylene gas produces more heat, measured in Btus, than MAPP.

True False

7. The fuel gas that concentrates the most Btus in one area is propane.
True False

8. Acetylene is expensive to use because it requires more oxygen for the cutting process than
other gases do.
True False

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
1
 Chapter 07 Flame Cutting Practice

9. The most economical fuel gas widely used in steel mills for removing surface defects is
natural gas.
True False

10. Oxy-fuel cutting is most commonly used on carbon and low alloy steels.
True False

11. All metals form an oxide that melts at a lower temperature than the base metal.
True False

12. One of the principle uses for oxyacetylene flame cutting is the preparation of plate and
pipe for welded fabrications.
True False

13. Inadequate preheat with flames held too far from the plate produces a kerf too wide at the
top.
True False

14. To increase cutting speed for thicker materials, it is necessary to decrease tip size.
True False

15. A carburizing flame contains an excessive amount of fuel.

True False

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
2
 Chapter 07 Flame Cutting Practice

Fill in the Blank Questions

16. Nearly all flame-cutting problems are caused by ____________________ of the nozzle
tip.
________________________________________

17. The flame-cut edge of high carbon steel has a tendency for ____________________ zones
and crack.
________________________________________

18. The hottest flame is produced by ____________________.

________________________________________

19. For cutting plate six or more inches thick, the better choices are ____________________,
propylene or propane gas.
________________________________________

20. The width of the kerf produced by the cut increases as the thickness of the material
____________________.
________________________________________

21. The working pressure on the regulators is set by turning the ____________________
screw to the right.
________________________________________

22. To make cuts in cast iron, use a ____________________ flame and an oscillatory motion
of the torch.
________________________________________

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
3
 Chapter 07 Flame Cutting Practice

Multiple Choice Questions

23. Flame-cutting processes depend upon the fact that all metals ____ to a certain degree.
A. melt
B. oxidize
C. heat
D. revolve

24. The cutting torch provides the heating flame, maintains the temperature, and directs a
____ stream on the cutting point.
A. acetylene
B. hydrogen
C. air
D. oxygen

25. The rate of oxidation decreases as the carbon content of metals ____.
A. increases
B. decrease
C. stays the same
D. none of these

26. The gap created as material is removed by cutting is called the ____.
A. real
B. kerf
C. opening
D. throat

27. The flow of high-pressure oxygen may form ____ lines on the face of the work.
A. kerf
B. drag
C. zigzag
D. circular.

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4
 Chapter 07 Flame Cutting Practice

28. As the oxygen valve is adjusted so that the secondary cone of the carburizing flame
disappears, the ____ flame is formed.
A. oxidizing
B. carburizing
C. reducing
D. neutral

29. If a cut surface is to be used for welding, a ____ flame is recommended.

A. oxidizing
B. carburizing
C. reducing
D. neutral

30. The fastest preheat time is achieved with a ____ flame.

A. oxidizing
B. carburizing
C. reducing
D. neutral

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
5
 Chapter 07 Flame Cutting Practice Key

True / False Questions

1. Flame cutting is an oxy-fuel gas process.

TRUE

2. Mechanical cutting will not damage the plate edge of the cut metal.
FALSE

3. The function of the fuel gas is to feed the preheat flames.

TRUE

4. Of the following fuel gases, the one most commonly used is acetone.
FALSE

5. The two gases preferred for underwater cutting are natural gas and hydrogen.
TRUE

6. Acetylene gas produces more heat, measured in Btus, than MAPP.

FALSE

7. The fuel gas that concentrates the most Btus in one area is propane.
FALSE

8. Acetylene is expensive to use because it requires more oxygen for the cutting process than
other gases do.
FALSE

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
6
 Chapter 07 Flame Cutting Practice Key

9. The most economical fuel gas widely used in steel mills for removing surface defects is
natural gas.
TRUE

10. Oxy-fuel cutting is most commonly used on carbon and low alloy steels.
TRUE

11. All metals form an oxide that melts at a lower temperature than the base metal.
FALSE

12. One of the principle uses for oxyacetylene flame cutting is the preparation of plate and
pipe for welded fabrications.
TRUE

13. Inadequate preheat with flames held too far from the plate produces a kerf too wide at the
top.
TRUE

14. To increase cutting speed for thicker materials, it is necessary to decrease tip size.
FALSE

15. A carburizing flame contains an excessive amount of fuel.

TRUE

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
7
 Chapter 07 Flame Cutting Practice Key

Fill in the Blank Questions

16. Nearly all flame-cutting problems are caused by ____________________ of the nozzle
tip.
obstruction

17. The flame-cut edge of high carbon steel has a tendency for ____________________ zones
and crack.
hardened

18. The hottest flame is produced by ____________________.

acetylene

19. For cutting plate six or more inches thick, the better choices are ____________________,
propylene or propane gas.
MAPP

20. The width of the kerf produced by the cut increases as the thickness of the material
____________________.
increases

21. The working pressure on the regulators is set by turning the ____________________
screw to the right.
adjusting

22. To make cuts in cast iron, use a ____________________ flame and an oscillatory motion
of the torch.
carburizing

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
8
 Chapter 07 Flame Cutting Practice Key

Multiple Choice Questions

23. Flame-cutting processes depend upon the fact that all metals ____ to a certain degree.
A. melt
B. oxidize
C. heat
D. revolve

24. The cutting torch provides the heating flame, maintains the temperature, and directs a
____ stream on the cutting point.
A. acetylene
B. hydrogen
C. air
D. oxygen

25. The rate of oxidation decreases as the carbon content of metals ____.
A. increases
B. decrease
C. stays the same
D. none of these

26. The gap created as material is removed by cutting is called the ____.
A. real
B. kerf
C. opening
D. throat

27. The flow of high-pressure oxygen may form ____ lines on the face of the work.
A. kerf
B. drag
C. zigzag
D. circular.

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
9
 Chapter 07 Flame Cutting Practice Key

28. As the oxygen valve is adjusted so that the secondary cone of the carburizing flame
disappears, the ____ flame is formed.
A. oxidizing
B. carburizing
C. reducing
D. neutral

29. If a cut surface is to be used for welding, a ____ flame is recommended.

A. oxidizing
B. carburizing
C. reducing
D. neutral

30. The fastest preheat time is achieved with a ____ flame.

A. oxidizing
B. carburizing
C. reducing
D. neutral

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
10
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
pulled down; and also in the little old one of Clapham.
In an inside view of Ambleside church, painted by George Arnald,
Esq. A. R. A. he has recorded several, which are particularly
appropriate to their stations; for instance, that over the door
admonishes the comers in; that above the pulpit exhorts the
preacher to spare not his congregation; and another within sight of
the singers, encourages them to offer praises to the Lord on high.
These inscriptions have sometimes one line written in black, and the
next in red; in other instances the first letter of each line is of a
bright blue, green, or red. They are frequently surrounded by
painted imitations of frames or scrolls, held up by boys painted in
ruddle. It was the custom in earlier times to write them in French,
with the first letter of the line considerably larger than the rest, and
likewise of a bright colour curiously ornamented. Several of these
were discovered in 1801, on the ceiling of a closet on the south side
of the Painted Chamber, Westminster, now blocked up.
Others of a subsequent date, of the reign of Edward III. in Latin,
were visible during the recent alterations of the house of commons,
beautifully written in the finest jet black, with the first letters also of
bright and different colours.
Hogarth, in his print of the sleeping congregation, has satirized
this kind of church embellishments, by putting a tobacco pipe in the
mouth of the angel who holds up the scroll; and illustrates the usual
ignorance of country art, by giving three joints to one of his legs.
The custom of putting up sacred sentences is still continued in many
churches, but they are generally written in letters of gold upon black
grounds, within the pannels of the fronts of the galleries.[406]

NATURALISTS’ CALENDAR.
Mean Temperature 48·00.

[405] See vol. 1. col. 1421.

[406] Mr. J. T. Smith’s Ancient Topography of London, 4to p. 11.
 November 2.
All Souls.[407]
Naogeorgus in his satire, the “Popish Kingdome,” has a
“description which” Dr Forster says “is grossly exaggerated, like
many other accounts of catholics written by protestants.” If the
remark be fair, it is fair also to observe that many accounts of
protestants written by catholics are equally gross in their
exaggerations. It would be wiser, because it would be honest, were
each to relate truth of the other, and become mutually charitable,
and live like christians. How far Naogeorgus misrepresented the
usages of the Romish churchmen in his time, it would not be easy to
prove; nor ought his lines which follow in English, by Barnaby
Googe, to be regarded here, otherwise than as homely memorials of
past days.
All Soulne Day.
For souls departed from this life, they also carefull bee;
The shauen sort in numbers great, thou shalt assembled see,
Where as their seruice with such speede they mumble out of hande,
That none, though well they marke, a worde thereof can vnderstande.
But soberly they sing, while as the people offring bee,
For to releaue their parents soules that lie in miseree.
For they beleeue the shauen sort, with dolefull harmonie,
To draw the damned soules from hell, and bring them to the skie;
Where they but onely here regarde, their belly and their gaine,
And neuer troubled are with care of any soule in paine.
Their seruice thus in ordering, and payde for masse and all,
They to the tauerne streightways go, or to the parsons hall,
Where all the day they drinke and play, and pots about do walk, &c.

Old Hob.
T. A. communicates that there is a custom very common in
Cheshire called Old Hob: it consists of a man carrying a dead horse’s
head, covered with a sheet, to frighten people. This frolic is usual
between All Soul’s day and Christmas.
 NATURALISTS’ CALENDAR.
Mean Temperature 47·37.

[407] See vol. i. col. 1423.

November 3.
The Beckford Family.
On the 3d of November, 1735, Peter Beckford, Esq. died in
Jamaica, worth three hundred thousand pounds.[408] His direct male
ancestor, served in a humble capacity in the armament under Penn
and Venables, which captured that important island. Mr. Peter
Beckford was father of the celebrated alderman Beckford, whose
fortune enabled him to purchase the landed estate of the Meroyns in
Wiltshire, which, till lately, formed a distinguished part of the
possessions of the present Mr. Beckford.

A correspondent communicates a pleasant account of a wake in

Wiltshire, during the present month.
Clack Fall Fair.
“See, neighbours, what Joe Ody’s doing.”
The township of Clack stands on an eminence which gives a view
of twenty miles round a part of the most beautiful county of
Wilts.[409] Clack is attached to Bradenstoke-priory, remarkable for its
forest, and the reception of the monks of St. Augustine. Many
vestiges remain of the splendour of this abbey, which is now a large
farm, and stone coffins have been found here. A carpenter in this
neighbourhood recently digging a hole for the post to a gate, struck
his spade against a substance which proved to be gold, and weighed
two ounces: it was the image of a monk in the posture of prayer,
with a a book open before him. A subterraneous passage once led
from this place to Malmsbury-abbey, a distance of seven miles. At
this ruin, when a boy, I was shown the stone upon which the blood
is said to have been spilt by a school-master, who, in a passion,
killed his pupil with a penknife.
Clack spring and fall Fairs were well attended formerly. They
were held for horses, pigs, cows, oxen, sheep, and shows; but
especially for the “hiring servants.” Hamlet’s words,—“Oh, what a
falling off is here!” may not inappropriately be applied. Old
Michaelmas-day is the time the fall fair is kept, but, really, every
thing which constitutes a fair, seemed this year to be absent. A few
farmers strolled up and down the main street in their boots, and
took refuge in the hospitable houses; a few rustics waited about the
“Mop” or “Statue” in their clean frocks twisted round their waists
with their best clothes on; a few sellers of cattle looked round for
customers, with the pike tickets in their hats; and a few maid
servants placed themselves in a corner to be hired: here, there was
no want of Clack, for many were raised in stature by their pattens
and rather towering bonnets; and a few agriculturists’ daughters and
dames, in whom neither scarcity of money nor apparel were visible,
came prancing into the courts of their friends and alighting at the
uppingstocks, and dashed in among the company with true spirit
and bon hommie.
Clack fair was worth gazing at a few years ago. When Joe
Ody,[410] the stultum ingenium, obtained leave to show forth in the
Blindhouse by conjuring rings off women’s fingers, and finding them
in men’s pockets, eating fire and drawing yards of ribands out of his
mouth, giving shuffling tricks with cards, to ascertain how much
money was in the ploughman’s yellow purse, cutting off cock’s
heads, pricking in the garter for love tokens, giving a chance at the
“black cock or the white cock,” and lastly, raising the devil, who
carries off the cheating parish baker upon his back. These, indeed,
were fine opportunities for old women to talk about, when leaning
over the hatch of the front door, to gossip with their ready
neighbours in the same position opposite, while their goodmen of
the house, sat in the porch chuckling with “pipe in one hand and jug
in the other.” Then the “learned dog” told person’s names by letters;
and here I discovered the secret of this canine sapiency, the master
twitched his thumb and finger for the letter at which the dog
stopped. I posed, master and dog, however, by giving my christian
name “Jehoiada.” A word no fair scholar could readily spell; this
shook the faith of many gaping disciples. The “poney” too was
greatly admired for telling which lassie loved her morning bed, which
would be first married, and which youth excelled in kissing a girl in a
sly corner. The being “ground young again,” no less enlivened the
spirits of maiden aunts, and the seven tall single sisters; then the
pelican put its beak on the child’s head for a night cap, and the
monkeys and bears looked, grimaced and danced, to the three dogs
in red jackets, with short pipes in their mouths; and the “climbing
cat” ascended the “maypole,” and returned into its master’s box at a
word. This year’s attractions chiefly were three booths for
gingerbread and hard ware—a raree show! a blind fidler—the E. O.
table—the birds, rats, and kittens in one cage—and a song sung
here and there, called the “Bulleyed Farmers,” attributed to Bowles
of Bremhill, but who disclaimed like Coleridge, the authorship of a
satiric production.
Thus, fairs, amusements and the works of mortals, pass away—
one age dies, another comes in its stead—but who will secure the
sports of ancestry inviolate? who search into the workings of the
illiterate, and hand them down to posterity, without the uncertain
communication of oral tradition, which often obscures the light
intended to be conveyed for information.—Thanks be to the art of
printing, to the cultivation of reading, and the desire which
accompanies both.

NATURALISTS’ CALENDAR.

Mean Temperature 44·40.

[408] Gentleman’s Magazine.

[409] There is a very old stanza known here, which though it gives no
favourable mention of Clack, couples many surrounding places well
known—
 “White Cliff—Pepper Cliff—Cliff and Cliff Ancey,
Lyneham and lo—e Clack,
C—se Malford[411] and Dauncey.”
[410] A native of this part, and at the top of Merry-Andrewism.
[411] Christian Malford, no doubt, was a bad ford for the monks that
came down the Avon to the surrounding abbeys.

November 4.
King William Landed.
On the day appointed for the commemoration of the landing of
king William III. (who in fact landed on the 5th[412]) it may be worth
notice, that its centenary in 1788 is thus mentioned in the “Public
Advertiser” of that year—“This day is appointed to commemorate an
event, which, if deserving commemoration, ought never to be
forgotten, and yet it is probable it will produce as much good moral
or political effect as the events which distinguish Christmas, Good
Friday, or Easter, from other days of the year. However, we are not
disposed to quarrel with the scheme, the events of a day are few,
the remembrance cannot be long. In the City, in Westminster, and in
many of the principal towns in England, societies have been formed,
cards of invitation sent, sold and bought, and grand dinners are
prepared, and have this day been devoured with keen revolution
appetites. Not to exclude the females, in some places balls are
given; and that the religious may not wholly be disappointed,
revolution sermons were this morning preached in several chapels
and meeting-houses. Scotland is not behind hand in zeal upon this
occasion, although a little so in point of time. To-morrow is their day
of commemoration. Over all the kingdom a day of thanksgiving is
appointed.”

King William’s Peers.

For the Every-Day Book.
 The essential services of king William III. to the cause of civil and
religious liberty, his perseverance and prowess as a warrior, his
shrewdness and dexterity as a statesman, adapting the most
conciliatory means to the most patriotic ends, have been repeatedly
dilated on, and generally acknowledged. Here, is merely purposed to
be traced how he exercised one of the most exclusive, important,
and durable prerogatives of an English monarch, by a brief
recapitulation of such of his additions and promotions in the
hereditory branch of our legislature as still are in existence.
The ancestor of the duke of Portland was count Bentinck, a
Dutchman, of a family still of note in Holland; he had been page of
honour to king William, when he was only prince of Orange. He
made him groom of the stole, privy purse, a lieutenant-general in
the British army, colonel of a regiment of Dutch horse in the British
pay, one of the privy-council, master of the horse, baron of
Cirencester, viscount Woodstock, and earl of Portland, and
afterwards ambassador extraordinary to the court of France. His son
was made duke of Portland, and governor of Jamaica, by George I.
William Henry Nassau, commonly called seigneur, or lord of
Zuletstein in Holland, was another follower of the fortunes of king
William; he was related to his majesty, his father having been a
natural son of the king’s grandfather. He was in the year 1695
created baron of Enfield, viscount Tunbridge, and earl of Rochfort.
Arnold Joost Van Keppel, another of Williams’s followers, was the
second son of Bernard Van Pallant, lord of the manor of Keppel in
Holland, a particular favourite of his majesty, who, soon after his
accession to the throne, created him baron of Ashford, viscount
Bury, and earl of Albemarle.
Earl Cowper is indebted for his barony of Wingham to queen
Anne, and for his further titles of viscount Fordwich, and earl
Cowper, to George I.; but he derives no inconsiderable portion of his
wealth from his ancestress in the female line, lady Henrietta,
daughter and heiress of the earl of Grantham, descended from
monsieur d’Auverquerque, who was by that prince raised to the
dignity of an English earl, by the title of Grantham, being
representative of an illegitimate son of the celebrated shadthalder,
prince Maurice.
The heroic marshal Schomberg, who fell in the memorable battle
of the Boyne when upwards of eighty years of age, had previously
been created by king William, a duke both in England and Ireland.
His titles are extinct, but his heir general is the present duke of
Leeds, who is at the same time heir male to the celebrated earl of
Danby, who cuts so conspicuous a figure in the annals of Charles II.,
and was by William III. advanced to a dukedom.
The dukedom of Bolton was conferred by William on the marquis
of Winchester, whose ancestors had for a century stood enrolled as
premier marquisses of England.
Long before they were advanced by William III. to dukedoms,
the houses of Russell and Cavendish had been noted as two of the
most historical families in the English peerage. Their earldoms were
respective creations of Edward VI. and James I. The individual of
each house first ennobled, died possessed of the bulk of the
extensive landed possessions, and strong parliamentary influence
with which his representative is at the present moment invested.
The character and military achievements of John Churchill stand
so preeminent in the history of Europe, that it need here only be
remarked that from a baron, king William conferred on him the
earldom of Marlborough, again advanced by queen Anne to a
dukedom, carried on by act of parliament, after his victory of
Blenheim, to the issue male of his daughters, and now vested in the
noble family of Spencer, earl of Sunderland.
Lord Lumley, advanced to the earldom of Scarborough, was one
of the memorable seven who signed the original letter of invitation
to the prince of Orange.
Lord Coventry, descended from a lord keeper of the great seal to
Charles I., was promoted by William III. to an earldom.
Sir Edward Villiers, a courtier, of the same family as the
celebrated duke of Buckingham, received the earldom of Jersey.
The families of Cholmondeley, Fermor, and Ashburnham, were
each raised by William III. to the dignity of English barons. They
were each of considerable antiquity and extensive possessions. Each
was, moreover, peculiarly distinguished for devoted attachment to
the cause of Charles I., even when it stood in the extremest
jeopardy.
These baronies are now vested respectively in the marquis of
Cholmondeley, and the earls of Pomfret and Ashburnham.
The possessions, the influence, the connections of the male
representative of the able, the restless, the unfortunate sir Harry
Vane, were still of weightier calibre. He received from king William
the barony of Barnard, now vested in the earl of Darlington.
P.

NATURALISTS’ CALENDAR.
Mean Temperature 43·27.

[412] See vol. i. col. 1428.

November 5.
Powder Plot.
To keep alive the remembrance of this conspiracy, and in
contemplation of its anniversary in 1826, a printed quarter sheet was
published, “price one penny coloured, and one halfpenny plain.” It
consists of a rude wood-cut of “a Guy,” carried about by boys, and
the subjoined title with the accompanying verses.
 Quick’s New Speech for the
Fifth of November,
On the Downfall of Guy Fawkes.
Good gentlefolks, pray,
Remember this day,
To which your kind notice we bring
Here’s the figure of sly
Old villainous Guy,
Who wanted to murder the king:
With powder a store,
He bitterly swore,
As he skulk’d in the vault to prepare,
How the parliament too,
By him and his crew,
Should all be blown up in the air.
So please to remember the fifth of November,
Gunpowder treason and plot;
We know no reason why gunpowder treason
Should ever be forgot.
But James all so wise,
Did the papists surprise,
Who plotted the cruelty great;
He guessed their intent,
And Suffolk was sent,
Who sav’d both the kingdom and state.
With a lantern was found,
Guy Fawkes under ground,
And quick was the traitor bound fast:
They said he should die,
So hung him up high,
And burnt him to ashes at last.
So please to remember, &c.
So we once a year,
Go round without fear,
To keep in remembrance the day:
With assistance from you,
To bring to your view,
Guy Fawkes again blazing away:
While with crackers and fire,
In fullest desire,
In his chair he thus merrily burns,
 s c a e t us e y bu s,
So jolly we’ll be,
And shout—may you see,
Of this day many happy returns.
So please to remember, &c.
Then hollo boys! hollo boys! shout and huzza,
Hollo boys! hollo boys! keep up the day,
Hollo boys! hollo boys! let the bells ring,
Down with the pope, and God save the king.
Huzza! Huzza! Huzza!

There was a publication in 1825, of similar character to the

preceding. “Guy” was the subject of the cut, and the topic of the
verses was a prayer for—
————“a halfpenny to buy a faggot,
And another to buy a match,
And another to buy some touch paper,
That the powder soon may catch.”
It contained the general averment—
“We know no reason,
Why gunpowder treason
Should ever be forgot.”

Though it is not requisite to relate more particulars of the

“gunpowder treason” than have been already mentioned,[413] yet a
friendly finger points to a passage in an old writer, concerning one of
the conspirators, which is at least amusing:—“Some days before the
fatal stroke should be given, Master Keys, being at Tichmersh, in
Northamptonshire, at the house of Mr. Gilbert Pickering, his brother-
in-law, (but of a different religion, as a true protestant,) suddenly
whipped out his sword, and in merriment made many offers
therewith at the heads, necks, and sides of many gentlemen and
gentlewomen then in his company. This, then, was taken as a mere
frolic, and for the present passed accordingly; but afterwards, when
the treason was discovered, such as remembered his gestures,
thought thereby he did act what he intended to do, (if the plot had
took effect,) hack and hew, kill and slay, all eminent persons of a
different religion to themselves.”[414]

A modern writer observes:—“It is not, perhaps, generally known,

that we have a form of prayer for prisoners, which is printed in the
‘Irish Common Prayer-book,’ though not in ours. Mrs. Berkeley, in
whose Preface of Prefaces to her son’s poems I first saw this
mentioned, regrets the omission, observing, that the very fine prayer
for those under sentence of death might, being read by the children
of the poor, at least keep them from the gallows. The remark is just.
If there be not room in our prayer-book, we have some services
there which might better be dispensed with. It was not very decent
in the late abolition of holydays, to let the two Charleses hold their
place, when the Virgin Mary and the saints were deprived of the red
letter privileges. If we are to have any state service, it ought to be
for the expulsion of the Stuarts. There is no other part of their
history which England ought to remember with sorrow and shame.
Guy Faux also might now be dismissed, though the Eye of
Providence would be a real loss. The Roman catholics know the
effect of such prints as these, and there can be no good reason for
not imitating them in this instance. I would have no prayer-book
published without that eye of Providence in it.”[415]

Purton Bonfire.
To the Editor of the Every-Day Book.
Dear Sir,—At almost every village in England, the fifth of
November is regarded in a very especial manner. Some pay greater
attention to it than others, but I believe it is invariably noticed by all.
I have been present at Old Purton bonfire, and perhaps the
following short notice of it may not be uninteresting.
I before stated (col. 1207) that the green, or close, at Purton, is
the spot allotted for amusements in general. This is also the place
for the ceremonies on this highly important day, which I am about to
describe.
 Several weeks before, the boys of the village go to every house
begging faggots; and if they are refused they all answer together—
If you don’t give us one
We’ll take two,
The better for us, sir,
And worse for you.
They were once refused by a farmer, (who was very much
disliked by the poor for his severity and unkindness,) and accordingly
they determined to make him repent. He kept a sharp look out over
his faggot pile, but forgot that something else might be stolen. The
boys got into his backyard and extracted a new pump, which had
not been properly fixed, and bore it off in triumph to the green,
where it was burnt amidst the loud acclamations of the young
rogues generally.
All the wood, &c. which has been previously collected, is brought
into the middle of the close where the effigy of poor Guy is burnt. A
figure is made (similar to one of those carried about London streets,)
intending to represent the conspirator, and placed at the top of a
high pole, with the fuel all around. Previous to lighting it, poor Guy is
shot at by all who have the happiness to possess guns for the
purpose, and pelted with squibs, crackers, &c. This fun continues
about an hour, and then the pile is lighted, the place echoes with
huzzas, guns keep up perpetual reports, fireworks are flying in all
directions, and the village bells merrily ring. The fire is kept up a
considerable time, and it is a usual custom for a large piece of “real
Wiltshire bacon” to be dressed by it, which is taken to the public-
house, together with potatoes roasted in the ashes of the bonfire,
and a jovial repast is made. As the fire decreases, successive
quantities of potatoes are dressed in the embers by the rustics, who
seem to regard them as the great delicacies of the night.
There is no restraint put on the loyal zeal of these good folks,
and the fire is maintained to a late hour. I remember, on one
occasion, hearing the guns firing as I lay in bed between two and
three o’clock in the morning. The public-house is kept open nearly all
night. Ale flows plentifully, and it is not spared by the revellers. They
have a noisy chorus, which is intended as a toast to his majesty; it
runs thus:—
My brave lads remember
The fifth of November,
Gunpowder treason and plot,
We will drink, smoke, and sing, boys,
And our bells they shall ring, boys,
And here’s health to our king, boys,
For he shall not be forgot.
Their merriment continues till morning, when they generally
retire to rest very much inebriated, or, as they term it, “merry,” or
“top heavy.”
I hope to have the pleasure of reading other communications in
your interesting work on this good old English custom; and beg to
remain,
Dear Sir, &c.
C. T.
October 20, 1826.

If the collections formerly published as “State Poems” were to

receive additions, the following from a journal of 1796, might be
included as frolicsome and curious.
 Song on the Fifth of November.
Some twelvemonths ago,
A hundred or so,
The pope went to visit the devil,
And if you’ll attend,
You’ll find, to a friend,
Old Nick can behave very civil.
How do’st do, quoth the seer,
What a plague brought you here;
I suppose ’twas some whimsical maggot—
Come draw tow’rds the fire,
I pr’thee sit nigher;
Here, sirrah, lay on t’other faggot.
You’re welcome to hell,
I hope friends are well,
At Paris, Madrid, and at Rome;
But, since you elope,
I suppose, honest pope,
The conclave will hang out the broom.
All jesting aside,
His Holiness cried,
Give the pope and the devil their dues;
Believe me, old dad,
I’ll make thy heart glad
For faith I have brought thee rare news.
There’s a plot to beguile
An obstinate isle,
Great Britain, that heretic nation,
Who so slyly behav’d
In hopes to be sav’d
By the help of a curs’d reformation.
We shall never have done
If we burn one by one,
Nor destroy the whole heretic race;
For when one is dead,
Like the fam’d hydra’s head,
Another springs up in his place.
Believe me, Old Nick,
We’ll show them a trick,
A trick that shall serve for the nonce,
 t c t at s a se e o t e o ce,
For this day before dinner,
Or else I’m a sinner,
We’ll kill all their leaders at once.
When the parliament sits
And all try their wits
In consulting of old mealy papers,
We’ll give them a greeting
Shall break up their meeting
And set them all cutting their capers.
There’s powder enough
And combustible stuff
In thirty and odd trusty barrels;
We’ll send them together
The Lord can tell whither,
And decide at one blow all their quarrels.
When the king and his son
And the parliament’s gone,
And the people are left in the lurch,
Things will take their old station
In yon cursed nation
And I’ll be the head of the church.
These words were scarce said,
When in popt the head
Of an old jesuistical wight
Who cried you’re mistaken
They’ve all sav’d their bacon,
And Jemmy still stinks of the fright.
Then Satan was struck,
And cried ’tis ill luck,
But you for your news shall be thanked,
So he call’d at the door
Six devils or more
And toss’d the poor priest in a blanket.

NATURALISTS’ CALENDAR.
Mean Temperature 42·32.

[413] In vol. i. col. 1433.

[414] Fuller’s Church History.
 [415] Dr. Aikin’s Athenæum.

November 6.
Michaelmas Term begins.
Leonard.
St. Leonard is retained in the church of England calendar and
almanacs, from his ancient popularity in Romish times. He is the
titular saint of many of our great churches, and was particularly
invoked in behalf of prisoners.
A list of holydays published at Worcester, in 1240, ordains St.
Leonard’s festival to be kept a half-holyday, enjoins the hearing of
mass, and prohibits all labour except that of the plough.
St. Leonard was a French nobleman in the court of Clovis I.,
where he was converted by St. Remigius, or Remy; became a monk,
built an oratory for himself in a forest at Nobilac, near Limoges, lived
on herbs and fruits, and formed a community, which after his death
was a flourishing monastery under the name of St. Leonard le
Noblat. He was remarkable for charity towards captives and
prisoners, and died about 559, with the reputation of having worked
miracles in their behalf.[416]
The legend of St. Leonard relates that there was no water within
a mile of his monastery, “wherfore he did do make a pyt all drye, the
which he fylled with water by his prayers—and he shone there by so
grete myracles, that who that was in prison, and called his name in
ayde, anone his bondes and fetters were broken, and went awaye
without ony gaynsayenge frely, and came presentyng to hym theyr
chaynes or yrens.”
It is particularly related that one of St. Leonard’s converts “was
taken of a tyraunt,” which tyrant, considering by whom his prisoner
was protected, determined so to secure him against Leonard, as to
“make hym paye for his raunsom a thousand shyllynges.” Therefore,
said the tyrant, “I shall go make a ryght grete and depe pyt vnder
the erth in my toure, and I shall cast hym therin bounden with many
bondes; and I shal do make a chest of tree vpon the mouth of the
pyt, and shall make my knyghtes to lye therin all armed; and how be
it that yf Leonarde breke the yrons, yet shall he not entre into it
vnder the erth.” Having done as he said, the prisoner called on St.
Leonard, who at night “came and turned the chest wherein the
knyghtes laye armed, and closed them therein, lyke as deed men
ben in a tombe, and after entred into the pyt with grete lyght,” and
he spoke to the prisoner, from whom the chains fell off, and he “toke
hym in his armes and bare hym out of the toure—and sette hym at
home in his hous.” And other great marvels are told of St. Leonard
as true as this.[417]

The miracles wrought by St. Leonard in releasing prisoners

continued after his death, but at this time the saint has ceased from
interposing in their behalf even on his festival; which, being the first
day of Michaelmas term, and therefore the day whereon writs issued
since the Trinity term are made returnable, would be a convenient
season for the saint’s interposition.
 This day the long vacation o’er,
And lawyers go to work once more;
With their materials all provided,
That they may have the cause decided.
The plaintiff he brings in his bill,
He’ll have his cause, cost what it will;
Till afterwards comes the defendant,
And is resolved to make an end on’t.
And having got all things in fitness,
Supplied with money and with witness;
And makes a noble bold defence,
Backed with material evidence.
The proverb is, one cause is good
Until the other’s understood.
They thunder out to little purpose,
With certiorari, habeas corpus,
Their replicandos, writs of error,
To fill the people’s hearts with terror;
And if the lawyer do approve it,
To chancery they must remove it:
And then the two that were so warm,
Must leave it to another term;
Till they go home and work for more,
To spend as they have done before.
Poor Robin.

NATURALISTS’ CALENDAR.
Mean Temperature 43·40.

[416] Alban Butler.

[417] Golden Legend.

November 7.
Origin of the London Gazette.
On the 7th day of November, 1665, the first “Gazette” in England
was published at Oxford; the court being there at that time, on
account of the plague. On the removal of the court to London, the
title was changed to the “London Gazette.” The “Oxford Gazette”
was published on Tuesdays, the London on Saturdays: and these
have continued, to be the days of publication ever since.
The word gazette originally meant a newspaper, or printed
account of the transactions of all the countries in the known world,
in a loose sheet or half sheet; but the term is with us confined to
that paper of news now published by authority. It derived its name
from gazetta, a kind of small coin formerly current at Venice, which
was the usual price of the first newspaper printed there.[418]

NATURALISTS’ CALENDAR.
Mean Temperature 42·92.

[418] Butler’s Chronological Exercises.

November 8.
Lord Mayor of London.
On this day the chief magistrate elect of the metropolis is sworn
into office at Guildhall, and to-morrow is the grand festival of the
corporation.

NATURALISTS’ CALENDAR.
Mean Temperature 44·27.

November 9.
Lord Mayor’s Day.
This “great day in the calendar” of the city, is the subject of the
following whimsical adaptation.
 Now countless turbots and unnumbered soles
Fill the wide kitchens of each livery hall:
From pot to spit, to kettle, stew, and pan,
The busy hum of greasy scullions sounds,
That the fixed beadles do almost perceive
The secret dainties of each other’s watch:
Fire answers fire, and through their paly flames
Each table sees the other’s bill of fare:
Cook threatens cook in high and saucy vaunt
Of rare and newmade dishes; confectioners,
Both pastrycooks and fruiterers in league,
With candied art their rivets closing up,
Give pleasing notice of a rich dessert.

In the subjoined humorous account of a former civic procession

and festival, there are some features which do not belong to the
present celebrations.
Lord Mayor’s Day, 1773.
To describe the adventures and incidents of this important day in
the city annals, it is very necessary to revert to the preceding
evening. It is not now as it was formerly—
“That sober citizens get drunk by nine.”
Had Pope lived in the auspicious reign of George III., he would
have indulged us at least two hours, and found a rhyme for eleven.
On the evening of the 8th of November, the stands of several
livery companies clogged the passage of Cheapside and the adjacent
streets. The night was passed in erecting the temporary sheds,
sacred to city mirth, ruby gills, and round paunches. The earliest
dawn of the morning witnessed the industry of the scavengers; and
the broom-maker was, for once, the first patriot in the city.
This service done, repair we to Guildhall.
At five in the morning the spits groaned beneath the ponderous
sirloins. These, numerous as large, proved that the “roast beef of
Old England” is still thouht an ornament to our tables. The
chandeliers in the hall were twelve in number, each provided with
forty-eight wax candles; exclusive of which there were three large
glass lamps, two globular lamps under the giants, and wax candles
in girandoles. Hustings were raised at each end of the hall for the
accommodation of the superior company, and tables laid through the
centre for persons of lower rank. One advantage arose from the
elevation at the west end of the hall, for the inscription under
Beckford’s statue was thereby rendered perfectly legible. Tables
were spread in the court of king’s-bench, which was provided with
one chandelier of forty-eight candles. All the seats were either
matted, hung with tapestry, or covered with crimson cloth, and the
whole made a very noble appearance.
By eleven o’clock the windows from Blackfriars-bridge, to the
north end of King street, began to exhibit such a number of angelic
faces, as would tempt a man to wish for the honour of chief
magistracy, if it were only to be looked at by so many fine eyes.
There was scarce a house that could not boast a Venus for its
tenant. At fifteen minutes past ten the common serjeant entered
Guildhall, and in a few minutes the new lord-mayor, preceded by
four footmen in elegant liveries of brown and gold, was brought into
the hall in a superb sedan chair. Next came alderman Plomer, and
then the recorder, who was so much afflicted with the gout, that it
required the full exertion of his servant’s strength to support him. Mr.
Alderman Thomas arrived soon after, then the two sheriffs, and
lastly Mr. Crosby. There being no other alderman, Mr. Peckham could
not be sworn into his office. At twenty minutes past eleven the lord
mayor left the hall, being preceded by the city sword and mace, and
followed by the alderman and sheriffs. The breakfast in the council
chamber, at Guildhall, consisted of six sirloins of beef, twelve tureens
of soup, mulled wines, pastry, &c. The late lord-mayor waited at the
end of King-street to join the procession. As soon as his carriage
moved, the mob began to groan and hiss, on which he burst into so
immoderate a fit of laughter, evidently unforced, that the mob joined
in one laughing chorus, and seemed to wonder what they had hissed
at.
The procession by water was as usual, but rather tedious, as the
tide was contrary. The ceremonies at Westminster-hall being gone
through in the customary manner, the company returned by water to
Blackfriars-bridge, where the lord-mayor landed at about three
o’clock, and proceeded in solemn state to Guildhall, where the tables
groaned beneath the weight of solids and dainties of every kind in
season: the dishes of pastry, &c. were elegantly adorned with
flowers of various sorts interspersed with bay-leaves; and many an
honest freeman got a nose-gay at the city expense. A superb piece
of confectionary was placed on the lord-mayor’s table, and the whole
entertainment was splendid and magnificent. During the absence of
the lord-mayor, such of the city companies as have not barges
paraded the streets in the accustomed manner; and the man in
armour exhibited to the delight of the little masters and misses, and
the astonishment of many a gaping rustic. The lord-mayor appeared
to be in good health and spirits, and to enjoy the applausive shouts
of his fellow-citizens, probably from a consciousness of having
deserved them. Mr. Gates, the city marshal, was as fine as powder
and ribbons and gold could make him; his horse, too, was almost as
fine, and nearly as stately as the rider. Mr. Wilkes came through the
city in a chair, carried on men’s shoulders, just before the
procession, in order to keep it up, and be saluted with repeated
shouts. The lord-mayor’s coach was elegant, and his horses (long-
tailed blacks) the finest that have been seen for many years. There
were a great number of constables round Mr. Alderman Townsend’s
coach; and a complaint has since been made, that he was grossly
insulted. The night concluded as usual, and many went home at
morning with dirty clothes and bloody faces.[419]

Some recent processions on lord-mayor’s day are sufficiently

described by these lines:—
 Scarce the shrill trumpet or the echoing horn
With zeal impatient chides the tardy morn,
When Thames, meandering as thy channel strays,
Its ambient wave Augusta’s Lord surveys:
No prouder triumph, when with eastern pride
The burnished galley burst upon the tide,
Thy banks of Cydnus say—tho’ Egypt’s queen
With soft allurements graced the glowing scene,
Though silken streamers waved and all was mute,
Save the soft trillings of the mellow lute;
Though spicy torches chased the lingering gloom,
And zephyrs blew in every gale perfume.
But soon, as pleased they win their wat’ry way,
And dash from bending oars the scattered spray,
The dome wide-spreading greets th’ exploring eyes,
Where erst proud Rufus bade his courts arise.
Here borne, our civic chief the brazen store,
With pointing fingers numbers o’er and o’er;
Then pleased around him greets his jocund train,
And seeks in proud array his new domain.
Returning now, the ponderous coach of state
Rolls o’er the road that groans beneath its weight;
And as slow paced, amid the shouting throng,
Its massive frame majestic moves along,
The prancing steeds with gilded trappings gay,
Proud of the load, their sceptred lord convey.
Behind, their posts, a troop attendant gain,
Press the gay throng, and join the smiling train;
While martial bands with nodding plumes appear,
And waving streamers close the gay career.
Here too a Chief the opening ranks display,
Whose radient armour shoots a beamy ray;
So Britain erst beheld her troops advance,
And prostrate myriads crouch beneath her lance:
But though no more when threatening dangers nigh,
The glittering cuisses clasp the warrior’s thigh;
Aloft no more the nodding plumage bows,
Or polished helm bedecks his manly brows;
A patriot band still generous Britain boasts,
To guard her altars and protect her coasts;
From rude attacks her sacred name to shield,
And now as ever teach her foe to yield
 And now, as ever, teach her foe to yield.

Mr. Alderman Wood on the first day of his second mayoralty, in

1816, deviated from the usual procession by water, from
Westminster-hall to London, and returned attended by the
corporation, in their carriages, through Parliament-street, by the way
of Charing-cross, along the Strand, Fleet-street, and so up Ludgate-
hill, and through St. Paul’s churchyard, to Guildhall: whereon lord
Sidmouth, as high steward of the city and liberties of Westminster,
officially protested against the lord-mayor’s deviation, “in order, that
the same course may not be drawn into precedent, and adopted on
any future occasion.”

During Mr. Alderman Wood’s first mayoralty he committed to the

house of correction, a working sugar-baker, for having left his
employment in consequence of a dispute respecting wages.—The
prisoner during his confinement not having received personal
correction, according to the statute, in consequence of no order to
that effect being specified in the warrant of committal, he actually
brought an action against the lord-mayor in the court of common
pleas, for nonconformity to the law. It was proved that he had not
been whipped, and therefore the jury were obliged to give a farthing
damages; but the point of law was reserved.[420]

On the 6th of September, 1776, the then lord-mayor of London,

was robbed near Turnham-green in his chaise and four, in sight of all
his retinue, by a single highwayman, who swore he would shoot the
first man that made resistance, or offered violence.[421]

NATURALISTS’ CALENDAR.
Mean Temperature 44·72.

[419] Gentleman’s Magazine.

[420] Ibid.
[421] Ibid.