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Beginning C Object Oriented Programming 2nd Edition
Dan Clark Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Dan Clark
ISBN(s): 9781430249368, 1430249366
Edition: 2
File Details: PDF, 3.78 MB
Year: 2013
Language: english
 Beginning C#
Object-Oriented
Programming
Second Edition

Dan Clark

Apress
Beginning C# Object-Oriented Programming
Copyright © 2013 by Dan Clark
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This edition is dedicated to my father, whose technical
prowess is an inspiration to me every day!

—Your Loving Son, Dan

Contents at a Glance

About the Author .............................................................................................................. xvii

About the Technical Reviewer ........................................................................................... xix
Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................. xxi
Introduction ..................................................................................................................... xxiii

N Chapter 1: Overview of Object-Oriented Programming .....................................................1

N Chapter 2: Designing OOP Solutions: Identifying the Class Structure ...............................7
N Chapter 3: Designing OOP Solutions: Modeling the Object Interaction ............................. 25
N Chapter 4: Designing OOP Solutions: A Case Study .........................................................43
N Chapter 5: Introducing the .NET Framework and Visual Studio ......................................59
N Chapter 6: Creating Classes ............................................................................................83
N Chapter 7: Creating Class Hierarchies .............................................................................97
N Chapter 8: Implementing Object Collaboration..............................................................119
N Chapter 9: Working with Collections .............................................................................143
N Chapter 10: Implementing the Data Access Layer.........................................................161
N Chapter 11: Developing WPF Applications ....................................................................193
N Chapter 12: Developing Web Applications .....................................................................221
N Chapter 13: Developing Windows Store Applications ...................................................251
N Chapter 14: Developing and Consuming Web Services .................................................273
N Chapter 15: Developing the Office Supply Ordering Application ...................................295
N Chapter 16: Wrapping Up...............................................................................................321

v
N CONTENTS AT A GLANCE

N Appendix A: Fundamental Programming Concepts .......................................................325

N Appendix B: Exception Handling in C#...........................................................................341
N Appendix C: Installing the Required Software ...............................................................347

Index .................................................................................................................................353

vi
Contents

About the Author .............................................................................................................. xvii

About the Technical Reviewer ........................................................................................... xix
Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................. xxi
Introduction ..................................................................................................................... xxiii

N Chapter 1: Overview of Object-Oriented Programming .....................................................1

What is OOP? .................................................................................................................................1
The History of OOP ........................................................................................................................2
Why Use OOP? ...............................................................................................................................2
The Characteristics of OOP............................................................................................................3
Objects................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Abstraction ............................................................................................................................................................ 3
Encapsulation ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
Polymorphism ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
Inheritance............................................................................................................................................................. 4
Aggregation ........................................................................................................................................................... 5

The History of C# ...........................................................................................................................5

Summary .......................................................................................................................................6
N Chapter 2: Designing OOP Solutions: Identifying the Class Structure ...............................7
Goals of Software Design ..............................................................................................................7
Understanding the Unified Modeling Language ............................................................................8
Developing a SRS ..........................................................................................................................9
Introducing Use Cases.................................................................................................................10

vii
N CONTENTS

Understanding Class Diagrams ...................................................................................................16

Modeling Object Relationships ....................................................................................................17
Association .......................................................................................................................................................... 17
Inheritance........................................................................................................................................................... 18
Aggregation ......................................................................................................................................................... 18
Association Classes ............................................................................................................................................. 19

Summary .....................................................................................................................................24
N Chapter 3: Designing OOP Solutions: Modeling the Object Interaction ............................. 25
Understanding Scenarios ............................................................................................................25
Introducing Sequence Diagrams .................................................................................................26
Message Types ............................................................................................................................27
Recursive Messages ...................................................................................................................28
Message Iteration........................................................................................................................28
Message Constraints ...................................................................................................................29
Message Branching .....................................................................................................................29
Understanding Activity Diagrams ................................................................................................34
Decision Points and Guard Conditions ................................................................................................................. 34
Parallel Processing .............................................................................................................................................. 35
Activity Ownership ............................................................................................................................................... 35

Exploring GUI Design ...................................................................................................................39

GUI Activity Diagrams .......................................................................................................................................... 39
Interface Prototyping ........................................................................................................................................... 40
Interface Flow Diagrams ..................................................................................................................................... 41
Application Prototyping ....................................................................................................................................... 41

Summary .....................................................................................................................................42
N Chapter 4: Designing OOP Solutions: A Case Study .........................................................43
Developing an OOP Solution ........................................................................................................43
Creating the System Requirement Specification ................................................................................................. 43
Developing the Use Cases ................................................................................................................................... 45
Diagramming the Use Cases ............................................................................................................................... 46

viii
 N CONTENTS

Developing the Class Model ................................................................................................................................ 48

Avoiding Some Common OOP Design Pitfalls ...................................................................................................... 58

Summary .....................................................................................................................................58
N Chapter 5: Introducing the .NET Framework and Visual Studio ......................................59
Introducing the .NET Framework.................................................................................................59
Goals of the .NET Framework .............................................................................................................................. 59
Components of the .NET Framework ................................................................................................................... 61
Working with the .NET Framework ...................................................................................................................... 64

Using the Visual Studio Integrated Development Environment ...................................................65

Summary .....................................................................................................................................81
N Chapter 6: Creating Classes ............................................................................................83
Introducing Objects and Classes .................................................................................................83
Defining Classes ..........................................................................................................................84
Creating Class Properties .................................................................................................................................... 84
Creating Class Methods ....................................................................................................................................... 85

Using Constructors ......................................................................................................................89

Overloading Methods ..................................................................................................................90
Summary .....................................................................................................................................96
N Chapter 7: Creating Class Hierarchies .............................................................................97
Understanding Inheritance ..........................................................................................................97
Creating Base and Derived Classes ..................................................................................................................... 97
Creating a Sealed Class ....................................................................................................................................... 99
Creating an Abstract Class .................................................................................................................................. 99
Using Access Modifiers in Base Classes ............................................................................................................. 99

Overriding the Methods of a Base Class ...................................................................................104

Calling a Derived Class Method from a Base Class ........................................................................................... 105
Calling a Base Class Method from a Derived Class ........................................................................................... 106

Overloading Methods of a Base Class .......................................................................................106

Hiding Base Class Methods .......................................................................................................107

ix
N CONTENTS

Implementing Interfaces ...........................................................................................................111

Understanding Polymorphism ...................................................................................................111
Summary ...................................................................................................................................117
N Chapter 8: Implementing Object Collaboration..............................................................119
Communicating Through Messaging .........................................................................................119
Defining Method Signatures ......................................................................................................119
Passing Parameters ..................................................................................................................120
Understanding Event-Driven Programming ...............................................................................121
Understanding Delegation .........................................................................................................121
Implementing Events.................................................................................................................122
Responding To Events ...............................................................................................................123
Windows Control Event Handling ..............................................................................................123
Handling Exceptions in the .NET Framework ............................................................................128
Using the Try-Catch Block ................................................................................................................................. 128
Adding a Finally Block ....................................................................................................................................... 129
Throwing Exceptions ......................................................................................................................................... 130
Nesting Exception Handling............................................................................................................................... 130

Static Properties and Methods ..................................................................................................131

Using Asynchronous Messaging................................................................................................136
Summary ...................................................................................................................................141
N Chapter 9: Working with Collections .............................................................................143
Introducing the .NET Framework Collection Types ....................................................................143
Working with Arrays and Array Lists .........................................................................................144
Using Generic Collections..........................................................................................................153
Programming with Stacks and Queues .....................................................................................157
Summary ...................................................................................................................................160
N Chapter 10: Implementing the Data Access Layer.........................................................161
Introducing ADO.NET .................................................................................................................161
Working with Data Providers .....................................................................................................162
x
 N CONTENTS

Establishing a Connection .........................................................................................................162

Executing a Command ..............................................................................................................164
Using Stored Procedures ................................................................................................................................... 165

Using the DataReader Object to Retrieve Data ..........................................................................166

Using the DataAdapter to Retrieve Data ....................................................................................167
Working with DataTables and DataSets ....................................................................................172
Populating a DataTable from a SQL Server Database ........................................................................................ 173
Populating a DataSet from a SQL Server Database ........................................................................................... 174
Establishing Relationships between Tables in a DataSet .................................................................................. 174

Working with the Entity Framework ..........................................................................................181

Querying Entities with LINQ to EF..............................................................................................184
Updating Entities with the Entity Framework ............................................................................186
Summary ...................................................................................................................................191
N Chapter 11: Developing WPF Applications ....................................................................193
Windows Fundamentals ............................................................................................................193
Introducing XAML ......................................................................................................................194
Using Layout Controls ...............................................................................................................195
Adding Display Controls ............................................................................................................196
Using the Visual Studio Designer ..............................................................................................197
Handling Control Events ............................................................................................................198
Creating and Using Dialog Boxes ..............................................................................................204
Presenting a MessageBox to the User ......................................................................................205
Creating a Custom Dialog Box ...................................................................................................206
Data Binding in Windows-Based GUIs .......................................................................................207
Binding Controls Using a DataContext.......................................................................................207
Creating and Using Control and Data Templates .......................................................................214
Summary ...................................................................................................................................219

xi
N CONTENTS

N Chapter 12: Developing Web Applications .....................................................................221

Web Pages and Web Forms .......................................................................................................221
Web Server Control Fundamentals ............................................................................................223
Understanding Web Page and Web Server Control Inheritance Hierarchy ................................223
Using the Visual Studio Web Page Designer ..............................................................................226
The Web Page Life Cycle ...........................................................................................................227
Control Events ...........................................................................................................................228
Understanding Application and Session Events ........................................................................229
Creating Server-Side Control Event Handlers .................................................................................................... 235

Storing and Sharing State in a Web Application ........................................................................237

Maintaining View State ...................................................................................................................................... 237
Using Query Strings ........................................................................................................................................... 238
Using Cookies .................................................................................................................................................... 238
Maintaining Session and Application State ....................................................................................................... 239

Data-Bound Web Controls .........................................................................................................243

Model Binding.................................................................................................................................................... 244

Summary ...................................................................................................................................250
N Chapter 13: Developing Windows Store Applications ...................................................251
Building the User Interface ........................................................................................................251
Using Style Sheets ....................................................................................................................254
Handling Control Events ............................................................................................................254
Data Binding Controls................................................................................................................260
Page Navigation ........................................................................................................................269
Summary ...................................................................................................................................272
N Chapter 14: Developing and Consuming Web Services .................................................273
What Are Services? ...................................................................................................................273
WCF Web Services.....................................................................................................................274
Creating a WCF Web Service ............................................................................................................................. 274

xii
 N CONTENTS

Consuming a WCF Web Service ......................................................................................................................... 278

Using Data Contracts ......................................................................................................................................... 279

RESTful Data Services ...............................................................................................................285

Creating an ASP.NET Web API Service ............................................................................................................... 285
Consuming ASP.NET Web API Services .............................................................................................................. 290

Summary ...................................................................................................................................294
N Chapter 15: Developing the Office Supply Ordering Application ...................................295
Revisiting Application Design ....................................................................................................295
Building the OSO Application’s Data Access Layer ....................................................................297
Building the OSO Application’s Business Logic Layer ...............................................................304
Creating the OSO Application UI ................................................................................................308
Summary ...................................................................................................................................320
N Chapter 16: Wrapping Up...............................................................................................321
Improve Your Object-Oriented Design Skills..............................................................................322
Investigate the .NET Framework Namespaces..........................................................................322
Become Familiar with ADO.NET and the Entity Framework ......................................................322
Learn More about Creating Great User Interfaces (UI)...............................................................322
Move toward Component-Based Development .........................................................................323
Find Help ...................................................................................................................................323
Join a User Group ......................................................................................................................323
Please Provide Feedback ..........................................................................................................323
Thank You, and Good Luck! .......................................................................................................324
N Appendix A: Fundamental Programming Concepts .......................................................325
Working with Variables and Data Types ....................................................................................325
Understanding Elementary Data Types......................................................................................325
Integral Data Types ............................................................................................................................................ 326
Non-Integral Data Types .................................................................................................................................... 326
Character Data Types ......................................................................................................................................... 326
Boolean Data Type ............................................................................................................................................. 327

xiii
N CONTENTS

Date Data Type ................................................................................................................................................... 327

Object Data Type ................................................................................................................................................ 327
Nullable Types.................................................................................................................................................... 327

Introducing Composite Data Types ............................................................................................327

Structures .......................................................................................................................................................... 327
Arrays ................................................................................................................................................................ 328
Classes .............................................................................................................................................................. 329
Looking at Literals, Constants, and Enumerations ....................................................................329
Literals ............................................................................................................................................................... 329
Constants........................................................................................................................................................... 329
Enumerations..................................................................................................................................................... 330

Exploring Variable Scope ...........................................................................................................330

Block-Level Scope ............................................................................................................................................. 330
Procedure Scope ............................................................................................................................................... 331
Module Scope .................................................................................................................................................... 331

Understanding Data Type Conversion ........................................................................................332

Implicit Conversion ............................................................................................................................................ 332
Explicit Conversion ............................................................................................................................................ 332
Widening and Narrowing Conversions............................................................................................................... 332

Working with Operators.............................................................................................................332

Arithmetic Operators ......................................................................................................................................... 332
Comparison Operators ....................................................................................................................................... 333
Logical Operators .............................................................................................................................................. 334
Ternary Operator ................................................................................................................................................ 334

Introducing Decision Structures ................................................................................................334

If Statements ..................................................................................................................................................... 335
Switch Statements ............................................................................................................................................ 336

Using Loop Structures ...............................................................................................................337

While Statement ................................................................................................................................................ 337
Do-While Statement .......................................................................................................................................... 337

xiv
 N CONTENTS

For Statement .................................................................................................................................................... 337

For Each Statement ........................................................................................................................................... 337

Introducing Methods .................................................................................................................338

N Appendix B: Exception Handling in C#...........................................................................341
Managing Exceptions ................................................................................................................341
Using the .NET Framework Exception Classes ..........................................................................343
The Importance of Using ...........................................................................................................344
N Appendix C: Installing the Required Software ...............................................................347
Installing the Sample Databases ...............................................................................................347
Verifying the Database Installs .................................................................................................348

Index .................................................................................................................................353

xv
Random documents with unrelated
content Scribd suggests to you:
 Vitt 3b 4 0 1 1 1 0 0
Bush ss 4 1 3 3 2 3 1
Cobb cf 4 0 2 2 1 0 0
Crawford rf 4 0 1 1 0 0 0
Veach lf 4 0 0 0 1 0 0
Burns 1b 4 0 1 2 11 0 0
Young 2b 2 0 0 0 3 4 0
Baker c 3 0 0 0 5 0 0
Coveleskie p 3 0 0 0 0 4 0
[D]Kavanagh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[E]McKee 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
[F]Dubuc 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
— — — — — — —
Totals 34 1 8 9 24 11 1

[D] Batted for Young in ninth.

[E] Batted for Baker in ninth.
[F] Batted for Coveleskie in ninth.

Innings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Boston 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 —2
Detroit 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0—1

Earned runs, Detroit, Boston. Two-base hits, Cady, Burns, Barry.

Sacrifice hit, Lewis. Base on balls, by Shore 2, by Coveleskie. First base
on errors, Boston, Detroit. Left on bases, Boston 5, Detroit 7. Struck out,
by Shore 4, by Coveleskie 3. Double play, Coveleskie, Young and Burns.
 Hit by pitched ball, by Coveleskie, Janvrin, Gainor. Time, 1h 52m.
Umpires, Evans and Chill.

BASEBALL GAME

New York Times

Look: there he goes!!

Ty Cobb is loose again on a base galloping spree. He romps to

first on a single. Slim Caldwell pitches to Nunamaker, and the
ball nestles in his big mitt. Cobb, a few feet off first, suddenly
bolts into action and races to second. Nunamaker, amazed at
the Georgian’s daring, stands dumfounded.

He throws the ball to Dan Boone just as the Southern Flyer

jumps into second base. The steel spikes flash in the waning
sun and Cobb is lost in a cloud of dust. Nunamaker’s nervous
toss rolls into centre field and the Georgia Gem bounds to his
feet and tears to third. He’s as safe as the Bank of England.
Cobb’s sarcastic smile angers his hoodwinked opponents.

Now the speed-crazed comet dashes up and down the third-

base line, trying to rattle Caldwell. Will Cobb have the nerve to
try to steal home? You said it; he will. Caldwell doesn’t think so.
No one thinks so, but Cobb. The Yanks’ lanky pitcher hurls the
ball at the batsman like a rifle ball. As the ball left his hand
Cobb bounded over the ground like a startled deer.

At the plate crouched Nunamaker. He was so surprised that

he didn’t know his own name. Cobb dashed through the air
toward the scoring pan. His lithe body swerved away from
Nunamaker’s reach and clouds of dirt kicked up by his spikes
blinded the eyes of Nunamaker, Caldwell, and Silk O’Loughlin.
 The umpire ruled that the catcher didn’t touch Cobb. He also
ruled that Cobb hadn’t touched the plate. While the Yankee
players were protesting Cobb sneaked around the bunch and
touched the plate.

A smart young feller, this same Cobb.

The bold piracy of Captain Kidd was like taking ice-cream

cones from children compared with that. Caldwell threw his
glove high in the air in derision at O’Loughlin’s decision.
Naturally Caldwell and Nunamaker were in a very disturbed
state of mind.

So is a man when a “dip” relieves him of his watch-chain and

wallet. Cobb pulled the wool over their eyes like a “sharper”
unloading mining stock on a Rube. Caldwell was put out of the
game for being mad because Cobb had outwitted him.

Aside from this outburst of daring the Southern Flyer also

contributed all the other means whereby the Detroits were able
to shut out the Yankees at the Polo Grounds yesterday by a
score of 3 to 0. Oscar Vitt had teased a pass from Caldwell in
the first inning. Cobb strutted chestily to the bat. From the
coaching lines pearls of oratorical wisdom began to drop from
Hughie Jennings’s chiseled lips.

It sounded like this: “Come on you, Ty boy, attababy. Only

one out, O, Ty. Bring ’em in; you kin do it. Old pepperino, Ty
boy. Attaway to hit a baseball. E-E-E-Eh Yah, here we go.”

Cobb gracefully swung on the ball. With a resounding crash it

started on its dizzy flight between right and centre fields. The
Georgia racer gathered speed as he went along. Bounding over
the ground like a phantom, he turned first, flashed past second,
and pulled up smiling at third, with Vitt already over the pan.
Cobb’s batting .400. Going up?
 Then came old Sam Crawford, Cobb’s partner in the pitcher-
wrecking business. Sam would never leave his friend Cobb
stranded like a wooden Indian on the bases, not if he could help
it. Crawford reasoned this way. He figured that if he didn’t
propel Tyrus home, Cobb would steal home, anyway, and cause
the Yankees a lot of embarrassment. So Wahoo Sam cracked
out a single and Cobb walked home. The score:

DETROIT. AB R H PO A
Bush, ss 4 0 1 4 4
Vitt, 3b 3 1 0 3 3
Cobb, cf 4 2 2 1 0
C’ford, rf 4 0 1 1 0
Veach, lf 4 0 0 0 0
Kav’h, 1b 4 0 1 13 1
Young, 2b 3 0 0 1 7
McKee, c 2 0 0 4 0
Dubuc, p 3 0 0 0 0
— — — — —
Total 31 3 5 27 15
NEW YORK. AB R H PO A
M’sel, 3b 4 0 1 0 0
P’p’gh, ss 4 0 0 4 4
Cree, cf 4 0 1 5 0
Pipp, 1b 3 0 0 9 1
Cook, rf 3 0 0 1 0
H’tz’l, lf 3 0 1 2 0
 Boone, 2b 4 0 1 1 1
Sw’ney, c 3 0 0 5 0
[G]High 0 0 0 0 0
N’m’ker, c 0 0 0 0 1
C’well, p 3 0 0 0 2
Pieh, p 0 0 0 0 0
— — — — —
Total 31 0 4 27 9

[G] Ran for Sweeney in seventh inning.

Errors—Vitt, Nunamaker.

Detroit 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 —3
New York 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 —0

Two-base hit—Maisel. Three-base hit—Cobb. Stolen bases—Cook,

Cobb (2.) Earned runs—Detroit, 2. Sacrifice hit—McKee. Left on bases—
New York, 7; Detroit, 4. First base on error—New York. Bases on balls—
Off Caldwell, 2; off Dubuc, 2. Hits—Off Caldwell, 4 in 8 2-3 innings; off
Pieh, 1 in 1-3 inning. Hit by pitcher—By Dubuc, (Cook.) Struck out—By
Caldwell, 5; by Dubuc, 2. Time of game—One hour and fifty-five
minutes. Umpires—Messrs. O’Loughlin and Hildebrand.

COLLEGE CREW PROSPECTS

New York Times

After a long rest, candidates for the Columbia ’Varsity crew

will be called out next week to start the long training for the
Spring races and for the intercollegiate regatta on the Hudson in
June. Jim Rice, coach of the Blue and White navy, will order the
men to the rowing machines on the opening day of college
following the Christmas recess, for practice until the end of the
examinations following the first term. Daily work on the
machines will then be ordered, and the crew men will not have
any further let-up in their training.

Rice is confronted with a difficult task this season in finding

the material to build up a winning crew to match the eight
which swept the Hudson last June and won the intercollegiate
championship of America. Only three men of this crew have
returned to college. A new stroke must be developed, and
practically an entirely new eight built up, from the junior squad
of last season.

Those who have seen Coach Rice whip together crews will
not, however, be discouraged at this time. In years past Coach
Rice has started out the season with an untrained and
comparatively small squad of oarsmen and has startled college
circles with a wonderful eight, ready by the time the Spring
races rolled around. It is fair to assume that a similar feat will
be performed this year.

An example of Coach Rice’s ability in this respect was

furnished last season in the building up of a junior ’Varsity eight.
With the exception of Robinson, the oarsmen from the two
freshmen eights of 1915 and 1916, both of which finished last in
the freshmen races at Poughkeepsie, were whipped into shape
as the junior eight and finished second against all the other
colleges in the intercollegiate regatta.

It is on these eight men, with the three men left over from
the ’Varsity eight and a couple of freshmen of last season, that
Coach Rice will have to depend for this year’s ’Varsity eight. The
most telling loss this season is the graduation of C. F. McCarthy,
who stroked the winning eight, and Capt. Irving Hadsell, who
rowed at No. 7, two of the best and gamest oarsmen who ever
sat in a Columbia shell. Steddiford Pitt is another splendid blade
who is lost to the crew this year, and the strength and fight
found in Rothwell are hard to spare.

The three men who must serve as the nucleus for this year’s
eight are Bratton, who rowed at No. 6; Sanborn, who rowed at
No. 4, and Naumer, who rowed at bow. Bratton was one of the
strongest men in the eight, weighing 180 pounds, and there is
no question but that Coach Rice will place him back in the waist
of the shell this season. Naumer is a good oarsman, and
obtained his seat at bow last season purely on his merits, as
evidenced after a long tryout against Cronenberg for the
position. It is highly probable that Naumer will be moved further
down in the boat this year, and that Cronenberg will get his
place at bow.

Much speculation centres about the selection of stroke of the

eight. Ex-Capt. “Irv.” Hadsell predicts that Frank McCarthy will
find a way to get back in his old position this Spring, but
positive denials by McCarthy seem to indicate otherwise. The
two logical men for the position as pacemaker of the eight are
Myers, who stroked the junior boat last season, and Sanborn,
who stroked the 1915 freshmen crew, rowed at No. 2 in the
’Varsity four of 1913, and held down the place at No. 4 in the
’Varsity of 1914.

The student body is faced with the task of raising $2,700 to

take care of the crew debt contracted in 1913–14. A few of the
alumni have been supporting the crew with large donations, and
at present they hold notes for the above amount. Recently,
however, an appeal was sent out to the undergraduates to help
bear the burden, and their response has been quick and loyal.

The Greek letter fraternities at Columbia have come forward

with $500, and the undergraduates prior to leaving for the
holidays pledged an equal amount. Further efforts will be made
when the students return, and it is confidently expected about
the campus that a good share of the indebtedness will be paid
off within a few months.

COLLEGE ROWING REGATTA

Christian Science Monitor

HARVARD-YALE WINNERS FOR 1915

FIRST VARSITY EIGHTS

Yale 20m. 52s.
SECOND VARSITY EIGHTS
Yale 10m. 40s.
FRESHMAN EIGHTS
Yale [H]8m. 6s.
FRESHMAN FOURS
Harvard 6m. 21s.
GRADUATE EIGHTS
Harvard 3m. 5½s.

[H] Mile and a half by agreement.

NEW LONDON, Conn.—By making a clean sweep of the three

major events of their annual regatta with Harvard on the
Thames river Friday, Yale is today champion over Harvard in
rowing, and, with previous victories over Cornell, Pennsylvania
and Princeton, will be generally regarded as intercollegiate
rowing champions of the United States for 1915.

That Yale deserves the victories which she won over the
Crimson Friday is certain. The Eli varsity captured one of the
biggest victories over the Harvard varsity when she won by
about five lengths in the record time of 20m. 52s., that the Blue
has registered against the Crimson in many years. The race was
rowed upstream, which makes the time a new record, and it is
stated by those who have followed rowing on the Thames for
many years, that had the race been rowed down stream Yale
would probably have broken the record of 20m. 10s. for the
course. It is also interesting to note that the Harvard varsity was
inside of the old record for the upstream course.

Yale owes her victory to the coaching of Guy Nickalls, the

famous English college oarsman. It was the second year that
Nickalls had coached the Yale varsity and both years he has
turned out crews which have defeated the Crimson.

Yale took the lead at the very start of the varsity race and was
never caught by Harvard. Rowing a lower stroke almost the
entire distance, Yale kept drawing away from the Crimson
oarsmen and, despite the fact that Stroke Lund succeeded in
getting his crew to raise the stroke to as high as 34 beats to the
minute over the last part of the race, Yale, rowing a much lower
and easier stroke, was able to increase its lead.

While the Harvard crew appeared to be a smoother rowing

eight than Yale’s it did not move through the water nearly as
well. There was a perceptible drag to the Harvard varsity
between strokes, while the Yale eight went evenly and showed
very little if any slowing up between the strokes. At all times the
Harvard crew appeared to be better together, but it did not
make as good use of the slides as the Yale eight. The rigging
did not appear to fit the Harvard oarsmen to the best
advantage.

Yale won the freshman race by about a length and a half. This
race was a very unsatisfactory one. The event was to have been
rowed in the morning, but was postponed until after the varsity
race. It did not start until about 7:30 in the evening. After the
race had been under way a few minutes the Harvard stroke
caught a crab and the crews were stopped. It was then agreed
to start again and row a mile and a half instead of the
customary two miles. Yale finally won this race although the
Crimson oarsmen made the contest much closer than the varsity
race. Yale’s time was 8m. 6s. and Harvard 8m. 10s.

The race for second varsity eights was the hardest fought of
the day and the Yale victory in 19m. 40s. opened a very
successful day for Yale. The official times of the varsity and
freshman races by half miles follow:

VARSITY
Yale Harvard
½ mile 2:05 2:08½
1 mile 4:40 4:45
1½ miles 7:27½ 7:34
2 miles 10:05 10:14
2½ miles 12:39½ 12:52
3 miles 15:27 15:39
3½ miles 18:22 18:40
4 miles 20:52 21:13½
FRESHMEN
Half mile 2:22 2:23½
 Mile 5:20 5:22
Mile and a half 8:06 8:10

TENNIS MATCH

Kansas City Star

Playing masterful tennis and repeatedly downing every

attempted rally made by his opponent, Clifford J. Lockhorn
yesterday defeated Jack Cannon, the Kansas City champion, in
the finals match in the invitation tennis tournament staged on
the K. C. A. C. courts. Lockhorn’s winning count was 6-2, 6-4, 6-
2, and, after the finish of the first set, at no time did it appear
that the local crack had a chance to defeat the Cincinnati
expert.

Let it be said in Cannon’s defense that he did not play his best
game, the game that downed Rolan Hoerr in the Missouri Valley
tournament last year, and the game that made him run Joseph
Armstrong a hard race for the final title in that classic. The
courts yesterday were heavy, sogged by the recent rains, and
Cannon looks best on a fast, light ground. And, knowing before
he started the first set the handicap he was working under, the
Kansas City star appeared a trifle nervous before play had been
running long.

But Lockhorn’s work was marvelous! The crowded stand

which witnessed every moment of the day’s play was
applauding his every move as he finished up the last set. His
head work was perfect, and his strokes sure. An easy side-arm
shot, apparently simple for his opponent to fathom, gained him
point after point in Cannon’s back court. His direction was
always good, and clever placements followed successively in
such lightning-like order that Cannon was kept running about
the court most of the time. And when the new player showed
that wonderful assurance, verging almost on carelessness,
which characterized his every move, the crowd was with him.
They couldn’t help but be.

Cannon opened up the first set well, taking the first game
handily on his own serve, after Lockhorn had raced it up to
deuce twice. The next three went to Lockhorn in rapid
succession, the “dark horse” showing Sphinx-like steadiness on
his own serve, and passing Cannon repeatedly at the net when
the local player’s second shot on his own serve would be too
easily placed. With the score 3-1 against him, Cannon braced,
and took the fifth game, game-thirty, but the spurt was short
lived and once again Lockhorn started his old sure, steady,
thoughtful play, running out the next three games, and winning
the set, 6-2, in clever fashion.

The second set was perhaps Cannon’s best one. He seemed

to have lost a trifle of the wildness that had marked his opening
play, and repeatedly drew applause from the gallery for his
brilliant returns of Lockhorn’s back-line placements. The first six
games were divided, three and three. Then Lockhorn took
“seven” and “eight,” raising the score to 5-3 in his favor. Cannon
took the ninth game, game-fifteen, on his own serve, but
Lockhorn, with the possibility of a deuce set facing him, allowed
Cannon just one point in the last game, and the second set
ended 6-4, “all his way.”

The third and deciding set started out like a walk-away for the
Cincinnati player. Cannon, scenting defeat in the air, grew over
anxious and wild. His own service was frequently off in its
direction, and he often smashed Lockhorn’s serve into the net or
the fence, without opening up a chance for a volley at which he
generally is so successful. Lockhorn quickly took five of the first
six games in this set. The seventh he dropped, after he had had
match point on Cannon once. But he rallied on his own service
in the eighth game, and, though it went to deuce, he shot two
clever drives down Cannon’s sidelines for the last two points of
the set, which gave him the match, 6-2, 6-4, 6-2.

Lockhorn, the most feared player in Kansas City because of

his untouted victory over Cannon yesterday, is a clever player to
watch on the courts. He never gets excited, and seems almost
lazy in the easy indifference with which he plays his opponent’s
hardest strokes. The highest pinnacle of his play has been
unexplored by local cracks—at least in this tourney. Every time
out he shows a little more “stuff” and exerts himself just enough
to beat his next rival.

Kansas City followers of tennis will watch Lockhorn’s work

anxiously in the Missouri Valley tournament in the fall.
Alexander Squair and Walter Hayes, R. F. Shelton and J. B.
Adoue, jr., Paul Darrough and Gene Monett will be there; so will
Roland Hoerr and Drummond Jones. Perhaps Lockhorn may
uncover a little of that “old stuff” of his then. Kansas City
enthusiasts want to see just what he has, anyway.

GOLF MATCH

Boston Transcript

There was nothing of the runaway about this morning’s half

of the final round for the John Shepard, Jr., trophy between
Francis Ouimet and Paul Tewksbury, chums and both members
of the Woodland Golf Club, where the match is being played.
The national amateur champion led by one up at the end of the
morning play, after a round in which the margin at no time was
more than two holes. They play the final eighteen holes this
afternoon, and considerably more of a gallery is expected than
witnessed the play in the morning.

As a general thing Mr. Ouimet plays the Woodland course

around 73 to 75 in his matches, but this morning he kept out of
the 80 class only by a single stroke. Mr. Tewksbury had one bad
hole, the thirteenth, so that his medal was 82. The pair halved
one hole in 7, which is decidedly unusual for them, and another
in 6.

The first hole went to Mr. Ouimet on the strength of an

exceptionally fine putt, where he faced a stymie and had to slice
around his opponent’s ball to get down in 4. Luck was with the
champion at the second, where his topped approach rolled
through a bunker onto the green about ten feet past the hole,
whence he ran it down for a 3 and became 2 up. Neither
reached the third green in 2, against the wind, and they halved
in 5, as was the case also at the fourth. Mr. Ouimet required
another 5 at the fifth, failing to get on from the tee, and then
taking three putts. He lost that hole and also the sixth, where
he drove into the woods. This squared the match.

After a succession of four 5s, which in itself is decidedly

unusual for the champion, he managed to get back to normal
with a 4 at the seventh, which won it; he then played such an
accurate approach at the eighth that he holed the putt for a 3
and became 2 up once more. He pulled one out of bounds at
the ninth, which cost him the hole and left him 1 up at the turn.

They halved the tenth in par 3. Mr. Tewksbury’s superior play

netted him a 4 at the eleventh, which squared the match again.
There was something spectacular at the twelfth, where Mr.
Tewksbury hit the cup on an approach shot from the
embankment above the green and stopped near enough to get
down his putt for a 4. Mr. Ouimet was off the green also on his
second, but approached close enough to sink his putt for the
half. The thirteenth was a nightmare to Mr. Tewksbury, who
played about four shots and then gave up the hole. He had a
chance to square the match at the fourteenth, where a long
drive and equally fine second put him within seven feet of the
hole, but it was a difficult putt and he missed his 3.

The 600-yard fifteenth hole was a stiff proposition, owing to

the strong wind, and neither player got home in 3. Then,
singularly enough, they took three putts apiece for a half in 7.
That was in decided contrast to the play at the sixteenth, which
they halved in 3. To the other long hole, the seventeenth, Mr.
Ouimet was hole high, but a number of yards below the green
in 2. His short approach was much too strong and he failed to
get his fourth dead or to hole his putt for a 5. Mr. Tewksbury,
who was little better situated in 3 than Mr. Ouimet in 2, finally
had a putt of four feet to win the hole. He missed it, and they
halved in 6. Then they halved the home hole in 3. It was a
striking finish—to halve four successive holes in 7, 3, 6, 3. Their
cards:

Ouimet 4 3 5 5 5 5 4 3 6—40
Tewksbury 5 4 5 5 4 4 5 4 5—41
Ouimet 3 5 4 4 4 7 3 6 3—39—
79
Tewksbury 3 4 4 [I]7 4 7 3 6 3—41—
82
[I] Approximated.
 CHAPTER XIV

SOCIETY

Interest in social and personal news is so great that practically

every newspaper maintains a society department under the direction
of a society editor. The form and style suitable to such news are
partly determined by social usage. The typographical style of the
society columns often differs somewhat from that of other parts of
the paper. Society news taxes the writer’s ability to give variety to
stories of the same kind of events as they take place day by day. In
no other kind of news is he more frequently tempted to use stock
phrases over and over again. It is possible, however, to give
considerable variety to society stories as well as to avoid trite,
colorless, description.

Unusual courtships, engagements, and weddings may be treated

as regular news; in that case the stories of them are not often
placed in the society section. Such news not infrequently has
humorous and pathetic possibilities that the writer may develop
without violating the canons of good taste.

UNUSUAL COURTSHIP

New York Herald

Having failed in eight years of effort to find a guardian,

governess or housekeeper who would take a proper interest in
his two small motherless children, Lorenzo Villette, a prosperous
French merchant, living at No. 90 North Harwood place,
Brookbank, decided he would try to find a wife. A preliminary
search failed to find a suitable candidate and he turned to the
church, being a devout member of St. Anthony’s, in Brookbank.

Two weeks ago he completed a novena, and on the ninth day

of his continuous prayer he expressed the wish that a wife who
would be a good mother would be granted to him.

Nothing happened until the second day after he had finished

his nine days of prayer. On that day Miss Mary O’Connor, of No.
72 Laclede avenue, Brookbank, made a social call upon her
friend, Miss Frances Smith, a cousin of Mr. Villette, in her home,
in Forest avenue, at Railroad avenue.

While the two young women talked Miss Smith said to her
friend:—

“You seem so downcast recently, Mary. You should find a

husband.”

“Yes, I suppose,” was the answer, “but the right man has not
knocked at the door yet.”

Just then Mr. Villette rang the bell at his cousin’s home. He
was introduced to Miss O’Connor and an hour later accompanied
her to her home. Three days later he escorted her to a theatre
and the following day met her relatives.

Then she met Mr. Villette’s children and called at his home,
and last Saturday they obtained a license to be married. St.
Michael’s Church, which the O’Connor family attends, is
preparing for one of the largest weddings of the season on next
Tuesday.

“I am very happy,” said Miss O’Connor last night, “and I am so

thankful that Mr. Villette said a novena and that I was sent to
him.”
 UNUSUAL ROMANCE

Chicago Inter Ocean

Firemen one night last summer stood on the street before a

blazing apartment building at West Fourteenth and South
Sangamon streets. They played their streams of water on the
fire, although they realized that the building could not be saved.
Suddenly from above came the scream of a girl. She was seen
clinging to a window ledge on the third floor before a
background of flame.

That was the beginning of the story.

Its close came yesterday afternoon within the dim and quiet
church of St. Francis of Assisi, when the girl, Miss Mary Wilkins,
became the wife of the man who had dared and accomplished
her rescue, Arthur Sheer, truckman of hook and ladder company
No. 5.

Of all the firemen who stood before the burning building that
night, Sheer alone volunteered to attempt the rescue. A ladder
was rushed to the red and cracking wall. Blinded by the flames
and smoke and with his heavy clothing fired from the heat,
Sheer groped his way up the ladder. His mates played streams
of water along the course of his climb. He reached Miss Wilkins
and carried her to the street and to safety.

“And that’s how it was,” the bride said as she left the church
clinging to the arm of her big and blushing husband. “He and I
learned to know each other after the fire, and—and—well, that’s
how it was.”

The blush on Truckman Sheer’s face deepened when the

interview was directed upon himself.
 “Ah—er—any fireman, you know,” he stammered, “would—
would—but say, you’d ought to see the place we’ve got fixed up.
We’re—ah—we’re moving in today.”

The home of the couple will be at 919 West Twenty-third

place.

COWBOY WEDDING

Chicago Herald

“Snorky Dan” Sammons tied his pony to the rack at the

stockyards yesterday, doffed his chaps, wiggled into “the
conventional black” and, with the able assistance of 300 wildly
enthusiastic “boys from the yards,” was roped, tied and branded
at the altar.

It was the biggest “cowboy wedding” the yards ever saw.

When “Snorky” knocked off buying hogs for the Bismark Packing
Company early in the day and got ready to hit the trail for the
Holy Cross Church, East Sixty-fifth street and Maryland avenue,
he had no hint of the scheme on foot.

Late in the afternoon the South Side, however, became aware

that there was something doing besides the Cubs-Sox battle.
First a two-wheeled phaeton, dragged along by a gaunt,
underfed mule and driven by a cowboy, made its appearance. A
big banner was stretched across its sides giving the bridegroom
this welcome admonition:

“Don’t weaken, Snorky.”

On its heels came a “hungry five” German band playing Irish

melodies, riding in a “cripple wagon” driven by a red-coated
negro. A tractor engine, pulling a chain of twelve “clean-up”
chariots, came next, and in its wake a couple of hundred yelling,
plug-hatted cowboys led by “Rags” Murphy and Tom Dorney. As
marshals of the “round-up” there were “Tex” Hobart, “Jim”
McGuirk, “Spuds” Grady and “Skinny” Kenny. Even young
Edward Morris, who recently went to work in the packing
business, was on the job.

The cavalcade drew up in front of the church and awaited

“Snorky.” It was about 5 o’clock when he arrived in a big touring
car with bride-to-be, Miss Mary Cowman, 6876 South Chicago
avenue, daughter of the late John Cowman, wealthy coal dealer.
As the party entered the church every noise-making device,
from the cowboy yell to automobile horns, was brought into
play.

While the Rev. D. D. Hishen was “tying the knot” inside, the
automobile was lassoed. The bridal party, upon re-entering the
vehicle, attempted to make their getaway, but in vain.
Surrounded by the prancing ponies, they were paraded to the
yards at Root and Halsted streets, and after “Snorky” had made
a little speech he was permitted to go.

ELOPEMENT

Chicago Herald

Just because she was a girl, Charlotte Smith, daughter of a

Parkhurst contractor, saw no reason why she should not learn
from her father all about building houses on well-located lots.

Charles Ferris Short, son of a real estate dealer in the north

shore suburb, had been getting information about the value of a
piece of ground upon which a house could be built.
 What, then, more natural than for Charles, filled with
knowledge about home locations, and Charlotte, wise in the
manner of erecting a home and having, meanwhile, notions that
other persons in the world didn’t count for much anyway, to
conclude to join their knowledge for their own profit?

Nothing, they agreed. But Charles was only 21 years old, and
Charlotte 19.

“Too young,” parents of both agreed.

Having visions of a piece of property selected by him and

improved by a house designed by her as a place where they,
together, would not be annoyed by unsympathetic parents, and
reading in the Herald that twelve couples had eloped to Crown
Point Monday to be married, they boarded a train for Indiana
yesterday. Last night they were Mr. and Mrs. Short.

Charlotte’s parents didn’t know a thing about it until told by

the Herald; neither did Charles’s people.

“Oh, well, I guess there’s nothing to do but say it’s just fine,”
Charlotte’s mother said. “But she hasn’t a bit of table linen. We’ll
have to get busy right away.”

So it was all right after all.

Others on the train taken by the Parkhurst couple were Peter

Felker and Miss Sara Sorley. They had planned to be married for
some time. It was inconvenient to take a honeymoon trip. So
they, too, eloped to Crown Point.

SEPTUAGENARIAN ROMANCE
 Chicago Herald

More than seventy years ago a barefoot boy and a rosy

cheeked girl trudged together each day along the roads of
Albion County, Michigan, to a little red school-house, where, at
adjoining desks, they studied “readin’, ’ritin’ and ’rithmetic.”

Yesterday the same “boy” and the same “girl” left Fair Oaks
together for the county building in Chicago. There they obtained
a marriage license. A few minutes later they were married. Thus
has Fair Oaks furnished its first septuagenarian romance.

The bridegroom is Rudolph Gray, 77 years old, the possessor

of two grandchildren. The bride, until yesterday, Mrs. Mary J.
Vanson, is a year his junior. She has three grandchildren.

After the ceremony the couple returned to the residence of

the bridegroom’s daughter, Mrs. Clara A. Hawkins of 1231
Jenifer avenue, Fair Oaks. There the bridegroom told the story
of the romance.

“We’ve known each other as far back as either of us can

remember,” he said. “We were reared together in Albion County,
went to the same district school together, and later, when we
were a little older, went to the same dances and parties
together.

“Then our families moved away from Albion County, and we

lost track of each other for a while. I got married and served
through the civil war. Sarah was married to an Illinois man.

“Her husband was killed in 1892 in a railroad accident, and

my first wife died about three years ago. A few months ago we
learned of each other’s whereabouts, started to write back and
forth, and today were married.”
 The ceremony was performed, according to Mr. Gray, by S. M.
Schall, in the latter’s office at 118 North LaSalle street. Later the
couple had their wedding supper at the Hawkins residence in
Fair Oaks. In a few days they will leave for Manheim, Ill., where
they will make their home.

WEDDING

New York Times

The wedding of Miss Emma Martin Willis, daughter of James

S. Willis, President of the United States Bank of Commerce of
this city, and Mrs. Willis, and Lesley Green Shafter of Greenville,
Penn., was celebrated at 8 o’clock last night in St. John’s
Episcopal Church, Montclair, N. J. The Rev. Dr. William R. Bolton,
rector of the church, officiated.

The bride wore a gown of ivory satin and a veil of lace, which
was caught up with a chaplet of orange blossoms. She carried a
shower bouquet of white orchids and lilies of the valley. Her
father gave her in marriage.

The maid of honor was Miss Martha Houghton of Calumet,

Mich., a former schoolmate of the bride. She wore a pink satin
gown, draped with tulle and net, and carried pink Killarney
roses.

There were six bridesmaids, including the Misses Emma

Dickens, Elsie Walter, Anna Wilson, Helen Holton, Mary Smith,
and Katherine Wilkins. They were gowned alike, in blue and
white chiffon, and carried Aaron Ward roses with streamers of
blue ribbon.
 Clinton M. Shafter was best man for his brother. The ushers
were George H. Kennedy, John C. Lane, Arthur Carpenter, and
Dr. James Stratton Collins, Jr., of Greenville; Morris B. Lamb of
this city, and James S. Willis, Jr., of Montclair.

The church was decorated with autumnal flowers and foliage.

Along the centre aisle were large clusters of white
chrysanthemums. Ascension lilies were used on the altar.

More than 200 guests from New York and near-by towns
attended the reception, which was held after the ceremony at
the home of the bride, 144 Nedwick Avenue, Upper Montclair.
The couple received the congratulations of their relatives and
friends under an arbor of pink and white roses in the reception
room. The house was decorated throughout with autumnal
foliage and flowers.

The bride was a pupil at Miss Spence’s School in this city in

1909–1910. Mr. Shafter was graduated from Williams College,
class of ’10, and is a member of the Phi Delta Theta Fraternity.
His father, who died several years ago, was the owner of large
coal fields and mines, which Mr. Shafter has managed since
leaving school. Mr. and Mrs. Shafter will live in Greenville.

WEDDING

Boston Transcript

Scarboro, Oct. 23—St. John’s School Chapel was the scene of

the marriage, at noon today, of Miss Violet Otis Gray to John
Stanley Hart. Miss Gray is the older daughter of Rev. William
Green Gray, D. D., head of St. John’s School, and Mrs. Gray, who
was before her marriage Miss Martin. The bride is the
granddaughter of the late Mr. and Mrs. William C. Martin of
Boston, who long were summer cottagers at Nahant. Herbert F.
Martin and Harrison Gray Martin are her uncles, and Mrs. Smith
of Washington and Ipswich, wife of Rev. Richard Otis Smith, D.
D., is an aunt. Miss Gray has a younger sister, Margaret, and
four brothers, William G. Gray, Jr., Sigourney Gray, Appleton
Gray and Robert Gray. The bride made her début three seasons
ago.

Mr. Hart, the bridegroom, is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Francis
Stanley Hart of Commonwealth avenue, Boston, who have a
country estate in Bedford. He was graduated from Harvard with
the class of 1913. He is interested in rowing and is a member of
the Union Boat Club. William A. Hart, of the Harvard class of
1915, is a younger brother.

Dr. Gray, the bride’s father, was the officiating clergyman, and
gave his daughter in marriage. The bride was dressed in a gown
of white satin and tulle, made with a pointed neck and long, full
train. It was trimmed with fine old lace, and her veil, also of
lace, was the one which had been worn by her mother, and still
earlier by her grandmother, Mrs. Martin, on the occasion of their
weddings. It was held in place with orange blossoms. The bridal
bouquet was of lilies of the valley, white orchids and delicate
ferns.

The younger sister, Miss Margaret Gray, was flower girl and
wore a high-waisted dress of white net with embroidered
ruffles, with which was worn a small hat of pink satin trimmed
with lace and pink rosebuds. She carried pale pink roses. The
bridesmaids were Miss Elizabeth Howard of Boston, cousin of
the bridegroom; Miss Anna Appleton Graves of South Orange,
N. J., and Miss Mary Appleton of New York. Miss Graves and
Miss Appleton are the bride’s cousins. These three attendants
were dressed in pale pink taffeta with sleeves and long tunics of
pink tulle. They wore large flat hats of dark blue velvet and
carried bunches of pink rosebuds mixed with bluets. Mrs. Gray,
the bride’s mother, wore dark blue silk and a hat of dark blue
velvet trimmed with feathers of the same shade.

Frederic Hart of Boston, Harvard, ’13, a cousin of the

bridegroom, was best man, and those who served as ushers
were Charles Pelham Morgan, Jr., Harvard, ’14; Edwin Curtis,
Harvard, ’13; Wilkins Frothingham, Harvard, ’13; George William
Meyer, Jr., Harvard, ’13; Bayard Tyler, Harvard, ’13; Tudor
Jenkins, Harvard, ’13; Richard Courtland, Harvard, ’16; George
Bartlett, Harvard, ’13; Sigourney Gray, Amherst, ’18, brother of
the bride.

WEDDING

New York Herald

Southern smilax and palms made the background for the

bower of white and pink cut flowers and plants ornamenting the
chancel of the Church of the Divine Paternity last Tuesday when
Miss Florence I. Gardiner, daughter of Mrs. Curtis Gardiner, of
No. 949 West Eighty-fifth street, was married to Mr. Frederick
Guild Jenkins, Jr., the Rev. Dr. Hall officiating.

The bride wore a gown of ivory white satin trimmed with

pearls and embroidered with orange blossoms with court train
of chiffon and satin. Instead of a veil she wore a cap of princess
lace, and she carried a bouquet of lilies of the valley and white
orchids. She was attended by her sister, Mrs. Deland Roswell
Morton, who wore a gown of pink satin trimmed with brown
lace and beaver fur, with picture hat to match; she carried
Killarney roses. Little Ruth and Virginia Gardiner, the flower girls,
wore frocks of white lingerie with pink sashes, and carried white
French baskets of sunburst roses.
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