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CSS Botany Important Topics 2000 2025

The document outlines important topics in botany for CSS exams from 2000 to 2025, categorized into five main sections: Algae, Fungi & Bryophytes; Pteridophyta & Gymnosperms; Anatomy & Embryology; Taxonomy of Angiosperms; and Plant Physiology. Each section highlights key concepts, economic importance, and frequently asked questions relevant to the subjects. It serves as a guide for students preparing for botany-related examinations, emphasizing both theoretical knowledge and practical applications.

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77 views2 pages

CSS Botany Important Topics 2000 2025

The document outlines important topics in botany for CSS exams from 2000 to 2025, categorized into five main sections: Algae, Fungi & Bryophytes; Pteridophyta & Gymnosperms; Anatomy & Embryology; Taxonomy of Angiosperms; and Plant Physiology. Each section highlights key concepts, economic importance, and frequently asked questions relevant to the subjects. It serves as a guide for students preparing for botany-related examinations, emphasizing both theoretical knowledge and practical applications.

Uploaded by

ujamaluar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSS Botany Important Topics (2000–2025) – Based on Past Paper Analysis

I. Algae, Fungi & Bryophytes

Algae
• Classification and life history of major algal groups

• Economic importance: Biofuel, food, and fertilizer industry

• Frequently asked: role in biotechnology & classification systems

Fungi
• Structure, reproduction and classification of fungi

• Plant pathology: rusts, smuts, mildew – crop diseases

• General principles of fungal disease control in agriculture

Bryophytes
• Structure and alternation of generations in Bryophytes

• Evolution of gametophyte and sporophyte

II. Pteridophyta & Gymnosperms

Pteridophytes
• General structure and life history

• Vascular system evolution and reproduction

Gymnosperms
• Seed ontogeny, classification and structure

• Economic importance (timber, medicinal use)

• Frequently examined: differences with angiosperms

III. Anatomy & Embryology

Anatomy
• Primary & secondary tissues, meristem types

• Secondary growth in dicot stem, leaf/stem/root structure

Embryology
• Micro- and megasporogenesis, fertilization
• Embryo and endosperm development

• Seed dispersal mechanisms – often diagram based

IV. Taxonomy of Angiosperms

Angiosperm Taxonomy
• Classical vs modern classification systems (APG, Bentham & Hooker etc.)

• Botanical nomenclature rules

• Modern trends: biosystematics, chemotaxonomy, numerical taxonomy

• Economic importance of families (Fabaceae, Poaceae, etc.)

V. Plant Physiology

Water Relations
• Water potential, osmosis, transpiration and absorption by roots

• Component potentials – asked in short notes and MCQs

Minerals & Hormones


• Essential minerals and uptake mechanism

• Plant hormones and their physiological roles

Photosynthesis
• Light reaction, CO2 fixation, pigments, photophosphorylation

• Frequently diagram-based question

Respiration
• Glycolysis, Kreb cycle, oxidative phosphorylation

Growth Physiology
• Photoperiodism, Vernalization, Dormancy, Germination

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