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Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
 Understanding
Motor
Controls
Fourth Edition

Stephen L. Herman

Australia Brazil Mexico Singapore United Kingdom United States

Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
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 This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions,
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 Understanding Motor Controls, © 2020, 2016 Cengage Learning, Inc.
Fourth Edition Unless otherwise noted, all content is © Cengage.
Stephen L. Herman
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein
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Printed in the United States of America

Print Number: 01    Print Year: 2019

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Table of Contents

Preface xiii
Safety Overview 1
General Safety Rules 2
Effects of Electric Current on the Body 3
On the Job 4
Protective Clothing 6
Ladders and Scaffolds 8
Fires 10
Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters 10
Grounding 12
Review Questions 12

Section 1 Basic Control Circuits and Components 15

Chapter 1 General Principles of Motor Control 16

Installation of Motors and Control Equipment 16
Types of Control Systems 19
Functions of Motor Control 20
Review Questions 23

Chapter 2 Symbols and Schematic Diagrams 24

Sensing Devices 35
Review Questions 39

Chapter 3 Manual Starters 40

Manual Push Button Starters 43
Troubleshooting45
Review Questions 46

Chapter 4 Overload Relays 47

Dual Element Fuses 47
Thermal Overload Relays 47
Magnetic Overload Relays 53
Overload Contacts 56
Protecting Large Horsepower Motors 58
Review Questions 62

iii

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
iv Table of Contents

Chapter 5 Relays, Contactors, and Motor Starters 63

Relays63
Electromagnet Construction 64
Contactors71
Mechanically Held Contactors and Relays 74
Mercury Relays 76
Motor Starters 76
Review Questions 84

Chapter 6 The Control Transformer 86

Grounded and Floating Control Systems 89
Transformer Fusing 89
Review Questions 92

Section 2 Basic Control Circuits 93

Chapter 7 Start–Stop Push Button Control 94

Review Questions 106

Chapter 8 Multiple Push Button Stations 107

Review Questions 111

Chapter 9 Forward–Reverse Control 113

Review Questions 123

Chapter 10 Jogging and Inching 124

Inching Controls 127
Review Questions 130

Chapter 11 Timing Relays 132

Pneumatic Timers 133
Clock Timers 134
Cam Or Sequence Timers 134
Electronic Timers 135
Review Questions 141

Chapter 12 Sequence Control 142

Stopping the Motors In Sequence 143
Review Questions 153

Section 3 Sensing Devices 157

Chapter 13 Pressure Switches and Sensors 158

Differential Pressure  159
Typical Application  159
Pressure Sensors  163
Review Questions 166

Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
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 Table of Contents v

Chapter 14 Float Switches and Liquid Level Sensors 167

Mercury Bulb Float Switch 167
The Bubbler System 168
Review Questions 173

Chapter 15 Flow Switches 174

Review Questions 178

Chapter 16 Limit Switches 179

Micro Limit Switches 179
Subminiature Micro Switches 181
Limit Switch Application 181
Review Questions 183

Chapter 17 Temperature Sensing Devices 184

Expansion of Metal  184
Resistance Temperature Detectors  188
Expansion Due to Pressure  191
Review Questions 192

Chapter 18 Hall Effect Sensors 193

Principles of Operation 193
Hall Generator Applications 194
Review Questions 197

Chapter 19 Proximity Detectors 198

Applications198
Metal Detectors 198
Mounting199
Capacitive Proximity Detectors 200
Ultrasonic Proximity Detectors 201
Review Questions 202

Chapter 20 Photodetectors 203

Applications203
Types of Detectors 203
Mounting208
Photodetector Application 210
Review Questions 213

Chapter 21 Reading Large Schematic Diagrams 214

Review Questions 219

Chapter 22 Installing Control Systems 220

Component Location 220
Point-to-Point Connection 221
Using Terminal Strips 222
Review Questions 225

Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
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vi Table of Contents

Section 4 Starting and Braking Methods 227

Chapter 23 Across-the-Line Starting 228

Direct Current Motors 231
Review Questions 233

Chapter 24 Resistor and Reactor Starting for AC Motors 234

Resistor Starting 234
Reactor Starting 234
Step Starting 236
Review Questions 240

Chapter 25 Autotransformer Starting 241

Open and Closed Transition Starting 243
Review Questions 246

Chapter 26 Wye-Delta Starting 247

Wye-Delta Starting Requirements 248
Dual Voltage Connections 249
Connecting the Stator Leads 250
Closed Transition Starting 253
Overload Setting 256
Review Questions 256

Chapter 27 Part Winding Starters 258

Overload Protection 258
Dual Voltage Motors 259
Motor Applications 259
Three-Step Starting 260
Automatic Shutdown 261
Review Questions 263

Chapter 28 Direct Current Motors 264

Field Windings 264
Armature Windings 264
Series Motors 265
Shunt Motors 265
Compound Motors 267
Field Loss Relay 267
External Shunt Field Control 268
Controlling Compounding 269
Cumulative and Differential Compounding 270
Testing the Motor for Cumulative or
Differential Compounding 271
Direction of Rotation 271
Determining the Direction of Rotation 272
Review Questions 274

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 Table of Contents vii

Chapter 29 Single -Phase Motors 275

Centrifugal Switch 276
Hot-Wire Starting Relay 277
Current Relay 279
Solid-State Starting Relay 279
Potential Starting Relay 281
Dual Voltage Motors 282
Reversing the Direction of Rotation 282
Multispeed Motors 283
Multispeed Fan Motors 285
Review Questions 286

Chapter 30 Braking287
Mechanical Brakes 287
Dynamic Braking 287
Dynamic Braking for Alternating Current Motors 289
Plugging289
Review Questions 297

Section 5 Wound Rotor, Synchronous,

and Consequent Pole Motors 299

Chapter 31 Wound Rotor Motors 300

Manual Control of a Wound Rotor Motor 301
Timed Controlled Starting 302
Wound Rotor Speed Control 304
Frequency Control 304
Review Questions 306

Chapter 32 Synchronous Motors 308

Starting a Synchronous Motor 308
Excitation Current 309
The Brushless Exciter 309
Direct Current Generator 309
Automatic Starting for Synchronous Motors 310
The Field Contactor 310
Out-of-Step Relay 310
The Polarized Field Frequency Relay 310
Power Factor Correction 311
Applications313
Review Questions 314

Chapter 33 Consequent Pole Motors 315

Three-Speed Consequent Pole Motors 319
Four-Speed Consequent Pole Motors 319
Review Questions 329

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viii Table of Contents

Section 6 Variable Speed Drives 331

Chapter 34 Variable Voltage and Magnetic Clutches 332

Voltage Control Methods 332
Magnetic Clutches 333
Eddy Current Clutches 334
Review Questions 336

Chapter 35 Solid-State DC Motor Controls 337

The Shunt Field Power Supply 337
The Armature Power Supply 337
Voltage Control 338
Field Failure Control 338
Current Limit Control 339
Speed Control 340
Review Questions 343

Chapter 36 Variable Frequency Control 344

Alternator Control 344
Solid-State Control 344
Some Related Problems 345
IGBTs346
Advantages and Disadvantages of lGBT Drives 347
Inverter Rated Motors 347
Variable Frequency Drives Using SCRs and GTOs 348
Features of Variable Frequency Control 349
Review Questions 352

Section 7 Motor Installation 355

Chapter 37 Motor Installation 356

Motor Nameplate Data  356
Manufacturer’s Name  356
RPM  357
Determining Motor Current  367
Determining Conductor Size for a Single Motor  371
Overload Size  373
Determining Locked-Rotor Current  374
Short-Circuit Protection  375
Starter Size  377
Example Problems  380
Multiple Motor Calculations  382
Review Questions  386

Section 8 Programmable Logic Controllers 387

Chapter 38 Programmable Logic Controllers 388

Differences between PLCs and PCs  388
Basic Components  388
Review Questions 396

Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Table of Contents ix

Chapter 39 Programming a Programmable Logic Controller 397

Circuit Operation 397
Developing a Program 398
Converting the Program 399
Entering a Program 402
Programming Considerations 402
Review Questions 403

Chapter 40 Analog Sensing for Programmable

Logic Controllers 404
Installation405
The Differential Amplifier 406
Review Questions 407

Section 9 Developing Control Circuits

and Troubleshooting 409

Chapter 41 Developing Control Circuits 410

Developing Control Circuits 410
Review Questions 421

Chapter 42 Troubleshooting422
Safety Precautions  424
Voltmeter Basics  424
Test Procedure Example 1  426
Test Procedure Example 2  428
Test Procedure Example 3  429
Motors  432
Review Questions 440

Chapter 43 Direct Drives and Pulley Drives 442

Directly Coupled Drive Installation 442
Pulley Drives 443
Review Questions 445

Chapter 44 Semiconductors446
Conductors446
Insulators446
Semiconductors447
Review Questions 450

Chapter 45 The PN Junction 451

The PN Junction 451
Review Questions 454

Chapter 46 The Zener Diode 455

The Zener Diode 455
Review Questions 457

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x Table of Contents

Chapter 47 Light-Emitting Diodes and Photodiodes 458

LED Characteristics 458
Testing LEDs 458
LED Lead Identification 459
Seven-Segment Displays 459
Connecting the LED in a Circuit 460
Photodiodes461
Photovoltaic462
Photoconductive462
LED Devices 462
Review Questions 463

Chapter 48 The Transistor 464

The Transistor 464
Review Questions 466

Chapter 49 The Unijunction Transistor 467

The Unijunction Transistor 467
Review Questions 469

Chapter 50 The SCR 470

The SCR in a DC Circuit 470
The SCR in an AC Circuit 471
Phase Shifting the SCR 472
Testing the SCR 473
Review Questions 474

Chapter 51 The Diac 475

The Diac 475
Review Questions 476

Chapter 52 The Triac 477

The Triac Used as an AC Switch 477
The Triac Used for AC Voltage Control 478
Phase Shifting the Triac 478
Testing the Triac 479
Review Questions 480

Chapter 53 The 555 Timer 481

Circuit Applications 483
Review Questions 487

Chapter 54 The Operational Amplifier 488

Basic Circuits 490
Circuit Applications 491
Review Questions 497

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 Table of Contents xi

Section 10 Laboratory Exercises 499

Laboratory Exercises 500
Foreword 500
Parts List for Laboratory Exercises 500
Suppliers 501

Exercise 1 Basic Control 503

Review Questions 512

Exercise 2 START–STOP Push Button Control 513

Review Questions 524

Exercise 3 Multiple Push Button Stations 525

Review Questions 530

Exercise 4 Forward–Reverse Control 533

Review Questions 540

Exercise 5 Sequence Control 542

Review Questions 549

Exercise 6 Jogging Controls 551

Review Questions 560

Exercise 7 On-Delay Timers 563

Review Questions 568

Exercise 8 Off-Delay Timers 570

Review Questions 576

Exercise 9 Designing a Printing Press Circuit 578

Review Questions 583

Exercise 10 Sequence Starting and Stopping

for Three Motors 584
Review Questions 591

Exercise 11 Hydraulic Press Control 592

Review Questions 600

Exercise 12 Design of Two Flashing Lights 601

Review Questions 603

Exercise 13 Design of Three Flashing Lights 604

Review Questions 606

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xii Table of Contents

Exercise 14 Control for Three Pumps 607

Review Questions 614

Exercise 15 Oil Pressure Pump Circuit for a Compressor 615

Review Questions 618

Exercise 16 Autotransformer Starter 619

Review Questions 623

Appendix 624
Identifying the Leads of a Three-Phase, Wye-Connected,
Dual-Voltage Motor 624
Glossary 629
Index 632

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Preface

A Note from the Author

I have taught the subject of motor control for over 30 years. I have tried different methods
and found that some are more successful than others. Understanding Motor C ­ ontrols is the
accumulation of this knowledge. I am sure other methods may work equally well, but the
methods and information presented in this textbook have worked the best for me. My goal
in writing this textbook is to present the subject of motor control in a way that the average
student can understand. I have three main objectives:
• Teach the student how to interpret the logic of a schematic diagram.
• Teach the student how to properly connect a circuit using a schematic diagram.
• Teach the student how to troubleshoot a control circuit.
Understanding Motor Controls assumes that the student has no knowledge of m ­ otor con-
trols. The student is expected to have knowledge of basic Ohm’s law and basic circuits, such as
series, parallel, and combination. The book begins with an overview of safety. A discussion of
schematics (ladder diagrams) and wiring diagrams is presented early. The discussion of sche-
matics and wiring diagrams is intended to help students understand the written language of
motor controls. Standard NEMA symbols are discussed and employed throughout the book
when possible. The operation of common control devices is presented to help students under-
stand how these components function and how they are used in motor control circuits. Basic
control circuits are presented in a manner that allows students to begin with simple circuit
concepts and progress to more complicated circuits.
The textbook contains examples of how a schematic or ladder diagram is converted into
a wiring diagram. A basic numbering system is explained and employed to aid students
in making this conversion. This is the most effective method I have found of teaching a
student how to make the transition from a circuit drawn on paper to properly connecting
components in the field.
Understanding Motor Controls also covers solid-state controls for both DC and AC
­motors. Variable frequency drives and programmable logic controllers are covered in de-
tail. I explain how to convert a ladder diagram into a program that can be loaded into a
PLC. The book contains many troubleshooting problems that help the student understand
the logic of a control system. Circuit design is also used to help the s­ tudent develop the
concepts of circuit logic.
Understanding Motor Controls contains 16 hands-on laboratory exercises that are
­designed to use off-the-shelf motor control components. A list of materials and suggested
vendors is given for the components used in the exercises. The laboratory exercises begin
with very basic concepts and connections and progress through more complicated circuits.

xiii

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xiv Preface

Supplements
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end-of-chapter review questions, test banks, and Chapter presentations done in Power-
Point, and testing powered by Cognero.
Cengage Learning Testing Powered by Cognero is a flexible, online system that
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Contact Cengage Learning or your local sales representative to obtain an instructor
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Acknowledgments
Wes Mozley, Albuquerque Tech
Ralph Potter, Bowling Green Technical College
Richard Schell, Luzerne County Community College
Terry Snarr, Idaho State University
Ron Stadtherr, Ridgewater College
William Quimby, Shelton State Community College
Stephen Vossler, Lansing Community College
Keith Dinwiddie, Ozarks Community College

New for the Fourth Edition

Extended information for sizing overload relay heaters.
Additional review questions to selected chapters.
Upgraded and additional illustrations.
Extended explanation for how an electronic on-delay timer operates.
Extended information on float switch circuits.
Extended coverage of photodetectors.
Extended coverage of wye-delta starting.
Extended coverage of direct current motors.
The addition of electronic components and circuits frequently used in motor control
applications

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Safety Overview

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Another Random Scribd Document
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Quivermen have a short history, Established in 1363, the Gods*
Quiver were a response to the Ixali attack a year earlier—a means of
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Unlike the Wood Wailers, men and women of the Gods’ Quiver do
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Organizational Structure The Quivers Rams (The White Rams): 1t
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* T run this rabble of chocobos’ arses what call themselves archers.”
Son of a hunter, Bowlord Lewin whiled away his childhood tracking
game through the Twelveswood, bow in hand. Yet, so true did his
arrows fly as to catch the attention af the Gods’ Quiver, who
beckoned him warmly into their ranks. Lewin turned away their
entreaties for a time, until tragedy befell him. The love of Lewin’s life
went missing but a few days after they were married, only to
reappear later in the woods—with an Ixali spear in her back. After a
humble funeral, Lewin marched directly to the headquarters of the
Gods’ Quiver where he has served defending the wood from foes for
over thirty summers. Now fifty and four, the weathered Midlander
takes his leisure tending to the lilies of his garden. Hz X^
 - / NEW GRIDANIA W w 7 By the shores of the Jadeite
Flood, New Gridania lies in the south of the city. Due to a vast effort
to expand and improve j J some two hundred years past, its
structures are—as the name would imply—somewhat newer than
others. ; 3^ BLACK RABBIT TRADERS “4 rmarr buinesooman knows
bow ro ure all of her resources, if yon woderstand what J ngon..."
^... VoL tarii Gud | p E ^ m. u NICOLIAUX arhe younphinge ar tha
deos Weed AN all bad it rough." 7 S - à : . = _ = um: F wleanar\))
— N £ 4 ^U GRIDANIAN URCHIN "d mà Gu wid. Ahrom DANIAN
how à EJ OW P (VW HONORAINT VALCLAIRET = Gridamia fiir
cwarmgenirh outtiders o? lare. Can?r wath AT — en blondy pafs suis
kuatia" nro ane," a ^ iu 4 * = æ - = ] =," e -—à - bad k i > J White
Woll Gute Acorn Orchard 118
 ES = Quivers Hold A BLUE BADGER GATE ————— oL EDI
C —ÀÓ A — BE € One amongst the great gates of Gridanis, the Blue
Badger Gate takes it its name from the mythical creatures that stand
guard over the four cardinal directions. It opens onto the Mistalle
Bridges—named for the founder of the Lancers’ Guild—and leads to
the Central Shroud. £3 THE Roost Se —— a = MELDE MN ——— €
Kun by an indisép raced Boyle the Bold and manned by his loyal
servant Antoinaut, the Roost is the most famous of all Gridania?s
hostelries. With an airship landing for Highwind Skyways, one can
reliably find all manner of people under its roof—from adventurers to
travelers to merchants. I The Carline Canopy Nestled within the
Roost, the Carline Canopy is Gridania’s foremost tavern. The
establishment’s namesake flower apparently holds some sentimental
value for the owner, Mother Miounne. The Canopy also allows the
Adventurers’ Guild a counter, making it a convenient meeting place
for travelers. [8r IGAGA’S GIFT An immigrant shipwright originally
dew up the c- re this great waterwheel His intent was to build it in
thanks for the kindness shown him by the minder of a watermill.
Unfortunately, the shipwright took ill and perished before he could
rurn his idea into reality. His daughter—for whom the wheel is
named—labored mightily for ten years to see his dream fulfilled.
Today, it stands as a proud landmark of Gridania, and its unique
“enclosed” design of the blades is recognized as an engineering
wonder. D THE Oak ATRIUM — — m- AAA Home to the Cienia Guild,
the Oak Atrium houses both wii and workshop. Drawing from the
power of Figaga’s Gift, the sawmill slices through timber with
astounding speed, much to the satisfaction of Gridanian workers. $J
Acorn ORCHARD Ma nn mE Just behind the Oak Atrium, the Acorn
Orchard is a playground fie Gridania’s young and its young at heart.
Crafted by the very best of Gridania’s carpenters, the area's many
playthings allow children to feel with their own hands the grain of
the fine forest woods, and thereby learn their properties. The Knot
QUIVER’s HOLD This wooden citadel is the central seat of the Gods’
Quiver, and serves as their headquarters when watching for
incursions of primal and foreign force alike. From here, orders go out
to each of the city’s watchspires, as well as those scattered
throughout the Black Shroud. Quivers Hold also permits the Archers’
Guild to use its practice butts, and on any given day Quivermen can
be seen loosing shafts side by side with guild archers. THE KNOT
Surrounded by watermills, the Knot is a crossroads sitting ever-so-
slightly askew. Near the Aetheryte Plaza, it connects Gridania’s most
traveled thoroughfares. Bm THe ADDERS? NEST = n € The Adders’
Nest was built anew "after th the devastation of the Calamity, and
serves as the headquarters of Gridania’s Grand Company. a i NEN NE
—— — ——— — EB WHITE Worr GATE Another gate named for a
mythical creature of the four cardinal directions, the White Wolf Gate
leads to Berlends Bridges. Beyond these, however, dwell fearsome
beasts aplenty, and the Wood Wailers do not permit travelers to pass
through the egress freely. I Rep OTTER GATE Pi A floodgate, the Red
Otter Gate likewise takes its name from a mythical creature. It
serves anglers who ply their trade on the waters of the Jadeite Flood
in small skiffs. Ficanas Gitt
 Y OLD GRIDANIA 7 Old Gridania stands in an avea of the
Jadeite Thick cleared soon after the city-state’s founding, The busy
center of the city’s commerce, it hduses the Ebony and Rosewood
Stalls—where can be found all manner of goods—and shops famed
throughout the realm, such 2s the Centaurs Eye and Fen-YIl Fineries.
. RETIRED COURT SCRIBE JonaTHas TOLMANN * Mose, tess sept fln
of adventure and derring-do thar delight me mais." M d Ui pAHM
MERCHANT ' RUSHUSHU RUsHU — SI came all the «as from "Ul
"danh ro pell mey wares, but the STILLGLADE FANE (CONJURER
SISTER BIDDY * Go quietly within these caverns. Here we open aur
bearts to the whispers of the elementals. he Centaur’s Eye
 — — Á The names i of these stalls stem from a fanciful
local T set some adis years in the past. When a child of the
elementals perished, the rest of the spirits withdrew into themselves,
stricken with grief. Soon, Gridania was covered in a thick blanket of
snow. As trec boughs froze and woodland creatures fled, the people
grew disheartened. Seeking food for their parents who had lost the
will to live, a brother and sister entered the Twelveswood, and
before long became separated in the dark. However, they carried an
ebony zither and rosewood pipe, and began playing to find one
another. The beauty of the melody drew the elementals from their
stupor, and dispelled the cold that had settled over the wood. Soon,
life returned to Gridania—all thanks to the power of music, EB}
WestsHore PIER es Ss -—
 q LI + n. THE GUILDS "d THE ARCHERS? GUILD The
Archers? Guild began life within the Trappers’ League, a body
existing to promote brotherhood amongst hunters. From its advent,
the League decided where and when game could be taken in an
effort to maintain peace with the elementals. In time, the hunters
took to friendly competitions in bowmanship, and eventually a group
split away to devote themselves to their weapon of choice. These
were the founders of the Archers’ Guild. Gridanian archery itself
emerged from a history of strife betwixt two traditions: techniques of
the longbow, beloved of the Elezen, and of the shortbows,
developed by the Miqo?te hunters. The Elezen sought to defend the
forest, and clashed mightily with the Miqo’te, who poached its
creatures for their meat. The two ultimately reached an accord, and
merged their archery techniques into a unique style not found
anywhere else in the realm. LUCIANE CORNE “Any balf-enit can
bend the bow, but it is no simple undertaking to become a skilled
archer.” Guildmaster Luciane greatly admired her father, a leader
within the Gods? Quiver. By imitating him, the Wildwood Elezen grew
into an archer whose skills left those around her in awe. While her
father advised that she follow in his footsteps and become @
Quiverman, Luciane had found her passion in attaining, mastery of
the bow. She thus chose to seek her fortune at the Archers? Guild,
and there became a leader in her own right. At the compilation of
this tome, the guildmaster had seen thrity and three namedays. x
THE LANCERS?’ GUILD First used by ancient hunters, Elezen have
held the lance in high regard since times of eld. Those who migrated
to the Twelveswood were no different, and it is even said the
polearm was the weapon of choice for those of royal blood in
Gelmorra. The lance maintained its import in the founding of
Gridania as well, gracing the hands of thc newly-formed Wood
Wailers. While the Wailers pursued mastery of the spear in their own
quarters, tidings of their skill spread throughout Eorzea. Men from all
lands converged upon the woodland city-state to try their skill
against the Gridanians. Only one hundred years ago, however, did
someone realize the value of these practice bouts. Mistalle, a captain
of the Wailers, saw that he mught learn foreign styles through
sparring, and resigned his post to found the Lancers’ Guild. Current
Gridanian technique owes its existence to Mistalle’s insight and
efforts, and embodies traditions of the spear from all corners of the
realm. 1 THE CONJURERs? GUILD The Fifth Astral Era saw a
blossoming of magic, and grand civilizations arose with command
over a thousand and one varieties of the arcane arts. However, after
the War of the Magi triggered the Sixth Umbral Calamity, the practice
of magic was strictly forbidden. Though much knowledge was lost,
some modest magicks, low in risk and easy to wield, have survived
into the present day. The Gelmorrans were the heirs to such small
spells, and explored the arcane arts as best they could. The mages
who first communed with the elementals learned much from the
beings, particularly how to harness the forces of nature. From this
grew a form of magic in Gridania known as conjury. Practitioners
established the Conjuters Guild, and there instruct Hearers in their
spells. From its founding, the guild has worked to prevent the
dangerous abuse of magic, and today opens its doors even to
adventurers seeking to learn of conjury. YWAIN DEEPWELL “That a
lancer’: courage can only be forged in the midst of great danger is
vainglorious tripe, 24 lancer’s courage is the product of composure
and resolve,” Though once a Wood Wailer, Ywain was discharged
from service when he took the blame for a lapse of judgement by
Landenel, his dearest friend and the son of a criminal. Swethyna
Brookstone later learned of Ywain’s innocence, and offered apology
and urged the Midlander’s return from roaming as an adventurer. In
fact, 1t was she who nominated Y warn as master of the Lancers?
Guild—a position he still holds at the middling age of thirty and six.
E-SuMI-YAN “Some burdens are too beavy ro bear even jor those so
favored to abide." Eldest of the Padjal in Gridania, Brother E-Sumi-
Yan claims that he stopped counting the number of years in his life
after his hundredth nameday. As such, scholars can only speculate
as to his actual age, though many believe him to have seen no fewer
than two hundred and thirty summers. Regardless, his knowledge is
rich and deep, and he has used it well in educating a great many
younger Padjal. He is well suited to his present position as master of
the Conjurers’ Guild.
 THE LEATHERWORKERS? GUILD For many years, the
Trappers’ League has kept a close eye on hunters in the Black
Shroud. Thus, in spite of the Twelveswood’s seeming abundance,
animal hides are scarce and valuable. A group of artisans formed the
Leatherworkers? Guild to ensure the fair and impartial distribution of
these leathers. They practice their trade with thanks ever in their
minds, and gratitude for the animals whose lives they must take for
their materials. As a consequence, the guild is careful to reduce
waste to the bare minimum as they craft long-lasting, durable
goods. This rigid creed has resulted in the realm-renowned Fen-Yll
name, a brand synonymous with the highest quality work of the best
craftsmen. GEVA STORKE “The very thought of rome rwol hide
mangler claiming to represent this guild makes me want to. Gaaah!”
Geva is master of the Fen-Yll Fineries and the Leatherworkers? Guild.
Her patterns are famed throughout the realm for two reasons. First,
they are the height of elegant design. Second, they waste not so
much as a scrap of hide, and thereby honor the creature’s sacrifice.
Within the guild halls, Geva i$ a terror—ever scowling, and quick to
give a tongue-lashing to even experienced craftsmen. Within the
twentynine-year old Midlander’s own home, however, she is
reputedly a kindly and loving mother of two. To say that carpentry
arose with the founding of Gridania is no understatement. After
gaining the elementals’ permission to fell trees, citizens have used
wood in all aspects of life—to build their city, their homes, their
tools, and the weapons with which they defend the forest. In time,
they also harnessed the power of waterwheels for milling lumber,
which allowed for carpentry to grow in scale and efficiency. In fact,
the loose association of woodworkers that formed to manage the
watermills eventually solidihed in the Carpenters’ Guild. Thereatter,
the guild has acquired its materials from the woodcutters of the
Botanists’ Guild, and transformed them into all manner of wonders.
* You must be the wood.” Few men, if any, have a greater passion
for wood than Bearin. Master of the Carpenters? Guild, he leads his
fellow woodworkers by lus motto, “Know the wood, be the wood,
and love the wood.” While the Wildwood Elezen of thirty summers is
a true master of the trade—from the roughest hewing to the finest
carving— his occasional jests are reportedly less finely crafted, THE
BOTANISTS? GUILD The Botanists’ Guild can trace its roots to an
organization formed in Gridania’s infancy. To gather the forest’s
bounty, men needed the permission of the elementals—and asking
questions necessitated the presence of a Hearer. Before long a group
had formed around these intermediaries so as to understand the
elementals’ mtent. In time, these men and women created the
Botanists’ Guild. In many ways, the guild remains unchanged by
time: it still abides by a plan drawn up by Hearers, and harvests flora
with the greatest of care. Botanists are also shepherds of the forest,
planting saplings in the place of trees they fell, and have taken to
tending gardens in the city and surrounding villages. FUFUCHA
FUCHA b —— — a — Se '——À “Nature is am unsentimental
creature. She may provide for our every need today, only to take it
all away on the morrow.” A rarity in Gridania, Fufucha Fucha is one
of few Dunesfolk Lalafells who call the sylvan city-state home.
Though born in Thanalan, an Amalj*aa raid forced her from the
deserts as a child. Her family found salvation in the Black Shroud,
and it is widely believed that she aspired to become master of the
Botanssts’ Guild in order to protect the forest, and repay the
goodwill of the forestborn who welcomed her so many summers
ago. A hoary sentinel amongst the green saplings she calls her
students, Fufucha’s youthful countenance belies her forty and four
years. E 134 í
 a - JADEITE FLOOD The shores of the Jadeite Flood form
Gridania’s southern edge. Its xolor—a deep green—is a reflection of
the forest canopy shimmering upon the water’s surface, I Gilbert’s
Spire This watchtower is named in honor of Gilbert Trueshot, a hero
of Gridania in the early days of the city-state. An archer of
extraordinary skill, he was the first to carry the vaunted ttle of
Godsbow. I The Bannock Built around the stump of a fallen
heavenspillar, the Bannock serves as training grounds for Order of
the Twin Adder initiates. There are several theories regarding the
origin of the arca's name, some claiming it is taken from the hard
tack issued to Grand Company recruits, others that it is derived from
the training stump's resemblance to those selfsame rations. THE
STANDING CORSES When Bahamut descended upon the realm, his
fiery onslaught turned the Standing Corses to ash. Hardened in the
inferno, the trees now seem the withered husks of men, crouched
together in eternal agony. | Spriggan Dig After the Calamity,
spriggans converged on this area in search of corrupted crystals in
such numbers that the place became their dominion. However, in the
five years since, they have devoured almost every crystal, leaving
the place a bare wasteland. SORREL HAVEN Sorrel Haven takes its
name from fallen sorrel leaves—a common herb found throughout
the Black Shroud, but in abundance in this particular area—which
turn the damp forest floor a distinctive purple brown. | Haukke
Manor Long frowned upon by the people of Gridania as a symbol of
excess, the Seedseers would finally submit to pressure from the
citizenry, selling the deed to the manor to Lady Amandine of House
Dartancours. The word “Haukke” is of ancient Padjali origin and
means, “to speak without words.” | Sanguine Perch The deathgazes
made Sanguine Perch their roost when they came to the T
welveswood—though from where, no one knows. By all accounts,
they have turned it into a nightmarish scene by hanging the flesh of
their prey upon branches for keeping, | Hopeseed Pond Hopeseed
Pond formed where a fragment of Dalamud left a fracrure in the
ground. Due to an overwhelming earthen aspect in the area, che
flora around the pond's banks have grown at an unnatural rate, est
to o Grid lania the es Sh 43 twin lakes know Miror, and its iaeiei 89
BEBERE Vein streams: As enc gari] Sor cnm à eden... = USE oe I Ps
p- = nd is Sach m m ite north He the Tadeite Flood, m. des "mc -—
BENTBRANCH With a name describing the crooked intersection of
two trade-heavy thoroughfares, Bentbranch is the starting point of
the Furline, which wends its way northwest to Coerthas, and the
Lumberline that proceeds to Thanalan in the south. | Bentbranch
Meadows Once Moogle’s Gift Mounts was established and its rookery
stocked with Ishgard's finest birds, it was not long before an entire
settlement had grown up around the stables. The trademark balloon
tethered to the main building i5 actually an Ixali war vessel claimed
by chocobokeeps after it became tangled in a nearby tree and was
abandoned by its riders. | Galvanth’s Spire This watchtower takes its
name from Galvanth the Dominator, a ruler during the later days of
Gelmorra. Legend has it that he could slay ten Ixal with one thrust
of his great polearm. Í The Matron’s Lethe As if forgotten by Nophica
Herself, one mighty tree root endures upon a sheer cliff created by
geological upheavals of the Calamity, As this allows for passage
upwards, the Gridanians have seen it as a blessing, and taken to
calling it the Matron’s Lethe. I The Mirror Planks A pier built by the
fishermen who earn their livelihood on the lake, the Mirror Planks
also service logging convoys. Of lare, it is where the ferry puts in ro
take adventurers to their residential districts. | Lilystone A boulder
appearing suddenly upon the Mirror, Lilystone is named for the water
flora that sprouts in abundance nearby. | Everschade & The
Guardian Tree Having seen over a thousand summers, the Guardian
Tree is purportedly the oldest arbor in all the Black Shroud, and
home to the great one—an elder elemental who watches and
presides over the forest’s denizens. The fruit borne by the tree
resembles a plum and is sought after across the Three Great
Continents for its curative properties. | The Tam-Tara Deepcroft The
Tam-Tara Deepcroft was once an underground burial site for
Gelmorrans, and still serves the people of Gridania. It has also
gained renown as the final resting place of Galvanth the Dominator.
GREENTEAR Just beyond the waters of the East Vein, Greentear is a
stretch of forest wherein the elementals have permitted men to
harvest timber. As such, the air is always thick with the sounds of
woodcutters chopping and sawing, | Gabineaux’s Bower A small
cabin for loggers of the Botanists’ Guild, Gabineaux's Bower takes its
name from the woodcutters’ hardworking overseer. | Naked Rock A
section of cliff face that has fallen away to reveal the rough surface
bencath, Naked Rock is a nest for vicious raptors—a fact many a
traveler has stumbled upon (or into)—only after it was too late, I
Spirithold A structure initially built in the days of Gelmorra, Spirithold
has found new use 25 a prison to hold enemies of the forest while
they await judgment—though whether the same can be said after
the Calamity is unclear. Some also refer to the crumbling ruin as
Warren’s Hold, after the cells’ first gaoler.
 d f & ~ "le western edge of the East Sh industry. Its
eastern dm s pre ox dea AN kindly to ti T J] y the center o ijae's t
presence of trespassers. Finally, voe can fs Garten stronghold in the
seriettesm reaches of the Ee AINNE CE RANE imperial engineering
completed shortly before the Calamity. THE Honey YARD The
plethora of blossoms in this area makes it the ideal locale for
beekeepers to set up their wooden hives. Unfortunately, the Honey
Yard also draws all manner of fiends hungry for honeybees and their
golden syrup. I Sweetbloom Pier Bordering the Whispering Gorge,
Sweetbloom Pier serves as a port of call for the ferry traveling to
Gridania. Waiting passengers can enjoy the sight of countless
wildflowers, and the scent of nectar wafting through the air. |
Fullflower Comb Led by Rosa Hawthorne, the beekeepers of
Fullfower Comb have gained renown for the excellent honey and
beeswax their hives produce. NINE IvIEs As the name would
suggest, Nine Ivies is known for the many species of ivy found in the
area. The Order of the Twin Adder have increased their presence in
the area, keeping watch for both encroaching sylphs and Garlean
forces. I The Hawthorne Hut Named after the legendary
Hawthornes, scourge of the mountains, this hut is home to the
current generation of the family. Rolfe, the patriarch and retired
adventurer, welcomes visitors into his small cottage so that he might
enjoy their company and tales. I Josselin’s Spire Both Wood Wailers
and Gods? Quiver are stationed in this strategically located
watchtower, named for a legendary captain of the Wailers. ]
Amarissaix’s Spire Built in haste to monitor rhe Garlean forces who
recently marched on the Twelveswood from the northeast,
Amarissaix’s Spire is Gridania's newest watchtower. It takes its name
from a leader of the Gold Bulls, who perished in the Battle of
Carteneau after valiantly engaging the imperial army. I Little Solace
Little is the solace granted to those sylphs who would voice their
opposition to the summoning of the Lord of Levin. Little is the solace
bequeathed upon those who would abandon their homes in the
Sylphlands and shun their frenzied brethren. Thus, it is only through
fraternity that those sylphs may ultimately find solace, however little
it may be. | Castrum Oriens Behind this Garlean outpost stands
Baelsar’s Wall, and behind thar lies Gyr Abania—a region of the
imperially occupied Ala Mhigo. LARKSCALL While the songs of its
namesake birds do fill the air, Larkscall is a buffer betwixt Gridania
and the Sylphlands. Adventurers and travelers are to enter at their
own peril. THE SYLPHLANDS The domain of the beastmen of the
Black Shroud, the Sylphlands are filled with the “touched” followers
of Ramuh. Hostile to óutsiders, these thralls of the wizened primal
have fostered poisonous mushrooms to protect the region, driving
the environment to the precipice of cataclysm. I Moonspore Grove In
this swathe of the Sylphlands grow moonspores, gargantuan fungi
that purge foul elements from the air. | The Seedbed Illuminated in
the soft glow of countless moonspores, the Seedbed is an ancient
arbor-turned-nursery used by the sylphs to grow and incubate their
offspring, also known as podlings. I The Goldleaf Dais Sylphkind
fashioned the Goldleaf Dais, that they might hold gatherings and
celebrations. | Hanging Barbs One can find the curious dwellings of
the sylphs precariously suspended from tree limbs in the Hanging
Barbs. THE BRAMBLE PATCH By reputation, the mighty thorns of the
Bramble Patch are a playground to the moogles. Indeed, they seem
to enjoy provoking the local beastkin and treants and watching the
chaos that ensues as the creatures attempt in vain to pursue the
mischief-makers into the Patch’s prickly depths. § The Sanctum of
the Twelve This skyscraping ivory cathedral was built following the
Age of Endless Frost—a dark period in which the realm was overrun
with famine and disease--to serve as a place of refuge and respite
for all who sought succor. Soon after, however, it fell into ruin and
was all but forgorren—until the advent of the Seventh Umbral Era
saw need for its rise once again. — C T. c Ic + F4 "y he Si Inc TUM.,
Li ^" die Twclvc aes LL * = e ay t
 ai | ees UPPER PATHS An area through which the
Lumberline passes, the Upper Paths lie close to Gridania in the
northern tip of the South Shroud. PBuscarron’s Scar Following the
Calamity, Gridania shifted the focus of its surveillance network. Thus,
though it was once manned by a sentry named Buscarron, this
lookout post has long since fallen into disuse and disrepair. |
Buscarron’s Druthers The Druthers is run by a disenfranchised ex-
sentry-turned-tavernkeep and welcomes all manner of folk, from
upstanding to unsavory, so long as they follow Buscarron
Strongarm’s simple rules of etiquette: sit down, forget your worries,
1 The Thousand Maws of Toto-Rak Named after a man-eating,
creature from Padjali folklore, the Thousand Maws of T'oto-Rak was
built on the site of a natural cave system beneath Silent Arbor. Until
recently, m held all of Gridania’s foulest criminals, from arsonists to
poachers, but the completion of a new gaol closer to the city
heralded its abandonment. | Issom-Har In a thicket some distance
from the path, the way to Issom-Har was opened by a rock that fell
from the sky during the Calamity. Within the gaping hole slumber
untouched Gelmorran ruins, What they contain, however, is a matter
of no small speculation, as someone has placed a powerful ward
upon the entrance. LOWER PATHS From Thanalan, the Lower Paths
act as the proverbial doorstep of the Twelveswood, and travelers
passing through are greeted by the sight of Rootslake and ancient
Amdapori ruins. | Camp Tranquil A Gridanian outpost, Camp Tranquil
stands atop a stone towering over Rootslake. The Sixth Spear of the
Wood Wailers is garrisoned here, led by former Company of Heroes’
member, Captain Landenel. I The Lost City of Amdapor The Lost City
of Amdapor had long been cloaked by the elementals so that none
might stumble upon its terrible secrets. The Calamity weakened the
area's earth aspect, however, and the place now wants for a good
cleansing of the fetid I Rootslake Wise travelers take to the bridges
that hang between the great rocks protruding from this muddy
marshland, These provide safe passage over the heads of the fell
monsters that constantly prowl in the mire of Rootslake. I South
Shroud Landing Constructed by Highwind Skyways to serve as a
landing for cargo airships, this location was quickly abandoned when
the imperial presence in the area became too large to ignore, Now
the site is used as a makeshift market where bandits and poachers
peddle their ill-gotten wares far from the eyes of the law, 9 E seen e
Dak Divis Odin in a calla pion Yea - ab )bling wellspring, To honor
her sacrifice, the land upon which she y st last breath still bears her
name. e ii s pre bs s - ac vm 1 Now, the Lumberline cuts feos the
(Rei IRR ac SNAKEMOLT Local legend has it that in ages past it was
in this very spot that a great serpent shed its skin—a skin that
remained, undecaying for thousands of years until one day, it simply
vanished, but for a single scale. While some speculate that this
creature was actually a wingless, legless wyrm, the matter remains a
topic of debate within scholarly circles. | Amdapor Keep Created for
the defense of Amdapor, this stone stronghold was long hidden
within the tangle of the Twelveswood. This was by the will of the
elementals, who sought to keep it away from the prying eyes of men
since the Sixth Umbral Calamity. However, even their wards could
not withstand the most recent Calamity, and now Amdapor Keep is
once again visible in the forest. SILENT ARBOR An area where the
elementals permit hunting, Silent Arbor has been a source of
concern in recent times: from trespassing poachers to roaming
Duskwight bandits, too many disturb the woods’ peace for Gridania’s
comfort. l Quarrymill Once a deal had been struck berween the
Gelmorrans and the elementals allowing their return to the forest
surface, the Elezen began unearthing large quantities of boulders to
build the foundations of their new city, Gridania. The waterwheels of
Quarrymill were raised to power the hammers which rendered the
massive stones into workable blocks. | Redbelly Hive Once the
village of Boughbury, the original residents fled their homes during
the Calamity. A notorious band of outlaws known as the Redbelly
Wasps have since taken the place as their own. Now, Redbelly Hive
is the site of many a skirmish between the bandits and the Wood
Wailers, who attempt to reclaim it for the rightful owners. | Takers’
Rot Takers’ Rot serves as a lair to a band of Migo?te poachers calling
themselves the Coeurlclaws. For Gridanians, who see these criminals
as rotten to the core, the hideout?s name also serves as a curse
upon the heads of these lawless hunters. I The Mun-Tuy Cellars
These cellars ferment Mun-Tuy beans into beverages and
seasonings, which are known throughout the realm as Gridanian
delicacies. The network of cellars was much more extensive before
tremblors caused by the Calamity caved in more than three-quarters
of the fermenting und maruring chambers. Urth’s Fount
 Bordering the Ishgardiah region FS ow Shroud is the bue
cns. oft Gode QE WEE i IL Ll TH SHI ww n. ^a i ad p stand and
defend Gridania from Ixali war balloons that fly down from Xelphatol
in the northeast. TREESPEAK An area just beyond Gridania’s Yellow
Serpent Gate, Treespeak pains its name from its closely-knit
branches. When a breeze passes through the canopy, the rustling
sounds as if the elementals are whispering to one another. I
Treespeak Stables Treespeak Stables is operated by Moogle’s Gift
Mounts. Its chocobokeeps make fine steeds of the noble birds that
are bred and raised to adulthood at Bentbranch Meadows. | E-Tatt’s
Spire Like its brethren, this watchspire bears the name of a historical
Gridanian hero: E-Tatt-Rai, a Padjal who made great contributions to
the advancement of conjury. | Blessed Bud "Thought to be the
dwelling of an elemental, the Blessed Bud sprouted from a stump. It
is said that passersby can feel the force of its vitality. PEACEGARDEN
Peacegarden serves to honor the memory of the mages who first
spoke to the elementals, and thereby allowed Gridanians to live in
the Twelveswood. I H yrstmill Though itself only a small hamlet on
the edge of the North Shroud, H yrstmill is perilously close to Ixali
terntory, and serves as an important supply outpost for the Gods’
Quiver. H yrstmill also is surrounded by various ruins significant for
the study of history, as well as seemingly out-of-place creatures such
as the deepvoid deathmouse. ALDER SPRINGS Once a vast grove of
giant alders, the flames of the Calamity reduced the area to a
charred graveyard, leaving nothing of the ancient holt but its name.
| Fallgourd Float To demonstrate a village need not fell trees to
secure space, Fallgourd Float was built atop a lake. Though the
project may seem strange to outsiders, the villagers have grown
quite fond of their bobbing home. | The Bobbing Cork Fallgourd
Float?s inn, the Bobbing Cork, promises its beds are so soft as to
make the weary traveler feel light as a cork drifting upon a still
pond. | Florentel’s Spire Florentel, the legendary hero whose name
the spire bears, 1s said to have been the lover of Eugenia, for whom
another watchtower has been titled. | Finders’ Bluff Miners from
UPdah built this humble shack while they surveyed the mineral
wealth of the surrounding arcas. PROUD CREEK Of late, this area to
the north of Fallgourd Float ts thick with Ixals who seem more
numerous each day than the last. | Gelmorra Ruins Beneath this
area once sat the capiral of Gelmorra, whence tunnels stretched out
far and wide. Now, little more than ruins of the great subterranean
city remain, | Ixali Logging Grounds The Ixal have never taken well
their banishment from the Black Shroud, and to this day continue to
fell the hoary sentinels growing on the forest’s outskirts. Too heavy
to drag back to their settlements in Naralan or faraway Xelphatol,
the ill-gotten lumber is tied to balloons buoyed with Ixali airstones
and flown to the beast tribe’s homeland under the cover of night. |
Eugenia’s Spire Following the other watchtowers, this spire rakes its
name from a hero of Gridanza, and it is home to the White Rams.
Located close to Ixali territory, the band of Quivermen stationed at
this outpost enter the fray often and fiercely. T aS 1a7 5.
 3 Amidst the arid; ate of Butte Aldenard stands UPdah, a
bustlin a 1 of the regions of Thagalant The city rises Mic see ce Set
ela SF dave ote, protected from thé blowing sands by the embrace
of a stalwart fortress. , " * e OVERVIEW Fhg UPdabs flag bears upon
a field of black a set of Era scales, Industries em With a gateway to
the five seas and "n" to all which weigh the jewel of prosperity on
the left and the flame of corners of the realm, Uldah has long
flourished as a center might on the right. This emblem itself
originates in Belzh’dia, of commerce. Today, countless companies
and consortia—both where the scale weighed power and wisdom,
Thus, the twin large and small—operate within the city-state. M heirs
to that ancient civilization took one sigil apiece: UPdah | the flame,
and Sil'dih the grapes of ig ph: Mining: Beneath the lands of
Thanalan run countless veins of ———— —-— ——— ———————
quality ore, and, as a result, a bustling jewelry trade has evolved. À
Motto For Coin and TTE ——— —— — —— ——— M __ --———
Textiles: In addition to crafting essential fabrics for everyday
Government Members of the Ul Dyas ‘ | use, a large and prestigious
apparel industry has grown under claim sovereignty by right of the
auspices of an increasing number of wealthy people. As birth. Their
will is carried out by represented by Sunsilk Tapestries, a number of
notable brands Ms the Divan, a group of eight viziers have become
popular even outside of Ul’dah’s borders. P who oversee matters of
law, s. finance, engineering, the interior, Medicine: Thanks to the
tireless study of ailments at Frondale’s commerce, war, religious
affairs, Phrontistery, Uldah has established itself as a reputable
produc" and palace affairs. However, the er of alchemical and
traditional cures. , influence of sultans has been waning for some
time, and at present true power i wielded by the Syndicate, a council
sat by six of Entertainment: The city-state offers something for
seekers of pleasure, from gladiatorial displays in the Coliseum,
gambling at the Platinum Mirage, and games of fortune at the
Manderville UPdah’s most elite and influential. Gold Saucer. Leader
Sulrana Nanamo Ul Namo, seventeenth in the line of Ul Beliefs In a
city of merchants, everything has a price, and business —— —— —
— - —_ —- —— — - is placed upon a nigh-hallowed pedestal.
Shopkeeps show scant Ruling Body As a sultanate, all offices sia
serve to make manifest mercy towards their rivals, and anyone who
is cheated out of ! the will and policy of UPdah’s ruler. coin is seen
not as a victim, but rather as a fool. To other ————— ——— —
—— —— Ss --- — ——- - Eorzeans, inhabitants of the city-state may
seem as swindlers Racial Midlander H yur: DX H ighlander Hyur:
10% who worship nothing but profit. Nonetheless, the core UPdahn
Distribution Dunesfolk Lalaafell: 4o% Hellsguard Koegadyn: 10%
values of hard work and daring have earned many men great Other:
10% fortunes in their lifetime. Note: The race of refugees are not
reflected in these numbers. ———— m — —— —À— — — — = ——
—— — — Diet Few vegetables grow in the heat of ThanaReligion
Nald'thal, overseer of the un- | ooo lan, leaving Ul'dahn cuisine to
consist largely derworld and god af commerce, of meats and insects,
heavily seasoned with is the guardian deity of UPdah. imported and
local spices—though some claim While many believe thar He this
merely conceals fare that would normally is possessed of a dual
nature, be deemed unfit for consumption. Alcohol, T EI Ul'dahns see
Him as twins, and on the other hand, is more highly appraised,
worship Nald and Thal separare- as the arts of the Alchemists’ Guild
have led ly. Since times of eld, the Order to distilling techniques
leading, to liquors of of Nald’thal has devoted itself ta this task, and
encourages the devout to donate their coin—for virtue in this life,
and happiness complex and subtle flavor. "vc in Thal’s realm. Guilds
Eo O E E IMP Len, DDO. b —— ——— — MM —
 THE RISE AND FALL OF BELAHPE The dawn of the Sixth
Astral Era saw a great suf rings € m They had ruled the realm for an
age, yet their arts dad wi destruction, and mit écris e d cul cac v ^
Puy, it dew evite pul rece ea Xn 01 of persecution. Those few who
used sorcery to protect th ror the stones of fearful, peasants Sere
RO DRE ta aaa The ely pa id n de mag vot fes and i o ne ES of
civilization. As time passed, bitter memories became history, and
history legend. After several centuries, men had forgotten their fear
of magic, and instead desired it anew as a means of military might.
Thus, it was the Lalafellin heirs to the sorceries of Mhach—one of
the civilizations of the Fifth Astral Era— who eventually sought to
reclaim the rightful place of magi Banding together, they made for
the wilds of ''hanalan, and there used the arts of their forebears to
find water flowing beneath the parched lands. What began as a well
became a town, and grew into the nation of Belah'dia by the year
737. TWINS APART Relah’dian civilization flourished in relative peace
for two hundred years. Yet all was to change in 964, when the sultan
grew deathly ill and was confined to his sickbed. This triggered a
fierce struggle between Sasagan and Sasawefu, his two sons, over
who would sit the throne as rightful heir. ‘The twins each called upon
the soldiers loyal to them, and the nation was soon wracked by war.
The sultan’s death a year later did nothing to stem the fighting, and
in 969 the princes decisively tore Belah'dia in half. Each then built a
city anew in Thanalan—Sil'dih under Sasawefu, and Ul'dah under
Sasagan. For centuries thereafter, the sibling city-srates found cause
to fight. However, it was the actions of King Lalawefu of Sil'dih in
1159 that would ultimately doom their relationship. Instituting flood
control to save his nation’s ailing economy, Lalawefu began to draw
waters from the upper reaches of UPdah’s source. The move was
popular in SiPdih, and the people proclaimed their monarch the King
of Springs. The UPdahns, however, hissed curses at him through
parched lips, The stage, then, was set for war THE DEAD WALK In
1177, a drought came over Thanalan and King Lalawefu succumbed
to illness. This misfortune spurred UP dah to action, Sil’dih’s sibling
nation seeking to profit from the confusion. The following year, the
city-state marched forth in full force to reclaim their water source.
The SiPdihn elite, however, did not stand idly by. They united their
nation in the face of the crisis, and met Ul'dah with their own army.
The resulting war was long and bloody. Yet, despite countless
summers of campaigns against one another, neither side could claim
superiority, and the conflict showed little sign of drawing to an end.
In 1181, however, UPdah found a means to break the stalemate—a
powder, devised by the thaumaturges, that turned men's corpses
into zombies, Having laid siege to Sil'dih, the Ul'dahns used their
catapults to cast the substance upon the citizens within. What
followed within was a scene not amiss from the seven hells. T'he
bodies of those fallen to To explain the anguished screams, Sasagan
Ul Sisigan— the third of his name and ruler of Ul'dah— crafted a
fictitious tale: Sil'dih had transformed their own dead to zombies in
an attempt to win the war. Proclaiming it a sacred crusade to send
these zombies to Thal, he ordered his Immortal Flames, an elite
unit, into the city. Behind them followed a great host, A NEW
DYNASTY Having brought an end to UPdah’s troubles, Sasagan Ul
Sisigan put the fell powder under close guard, and kept the truth of
Sil'dih’s end from the masses. The silence held for forty years, until
Baldurf Thorne, a Hyuran of noble blood, learned the truth, and
charged Sasagan for his crime. Startled, the aging ruler flew into a
rage, and demanded the offender's head. However, no one lifted a
finger, let alone a weapon, for Baldurf was known as a righteous
man. Sasapan was imprisoned, and spent the rest of his days in the
Marasaja Pit. Those around Baldurf then asked him to serve as
sultan. Though refusing at first, he eventually acquiesced on the
condition that he would be a steward, ruling until the city-state was
stable. The new sultan never made knowledge of the powder public,
for fear that it would fall into the wrong hands. Instead, he
established the Arbiters of Truth, a group devoted to preserving the
truth of Sil’dih’s downfall for the future. The Thorne Dynasty ruled
for two hundred summers thereafter, and produced many ardent
reformers, In 1270, one moved UPdah to almost directly above
where her sister city-state had once stood. When undead rose from
the ancient sprawling sewers of SiPdih in 1353, another enlisted the
aid of the Amalj’aa—UlI"dah’s fierce enemies. Given the beastmen’s
belief that Thanalan is sacred, they eagerly joined with UPdahns to
their sworn duty had come to an end, and returned rule to the Ul
Dynasty, THE SYNDICATE The Amalj'aa threat notwithstanding,
UPdah gained control of Thanalan through the razing of neighboring
Sil'dih. It was then that the city-state began to truly establish itself
as a mercantile power, hiring sailors and purchasing Lominsan-
wrought ships from as early as 1190. Soon, it had opened trade with
Radz-at-Han and the rest of the Near East. Behind this was the
guiding hand of the Thorne Dynasty, who had restored the Ul'dxhn
markets and overland trade routes after moving the city. better
commerce, and under their rule the nation flourished. Yet, that
selfsame policy granted the merchant class greater power as their
own coffers grew, while robbing the sultanate of its influence in
almost equal measure. Thus, in the year 1401, the distraught line of
Ul established the Syndicate, a group of six advisors chosen as the
merchants who had added the most to the wealth of UPdah. This
group came to command the government, and presently is the true
power in the city-state. La Z
 THE IMMORTAL FLAMES ESTABLISHMENT The initial
impetus to restructure UPdah’s armed forces came from Raubahn
Aldynn, and was rooted 1n his loyalty to the sultanate—something
not shared by his fellow members of the Syndicate. As the bulk of
UfPdah's military strength came from their host of mercenaries and
the now dwindling contingent of palace guards known as the
Sultansworn, Raubahn proposed a standing army to bring order to
their ranks and oversee additional wartime training, Ultimately, this
was a means to bolster UPdah’s overall might, and after tense
consultation with the Syndicate, the sultana ordered that this Grand
Company be established. SYMBOLISM Unlike the Sultansworn, who
are charged with protecting sultan and palace, the Immortal Flames
were once an elite force created to ensure Uldah’s victory on the
battlefield. Their fighting spirit was legendary, and many and more
were the songs that spoke of them as valorous crusaders who felled
the zombies within Sil'dih's walls. Though the Thorne Dynasty
disbanded the Immortal Flames, Ul'dahns continued to see them as
heroes who contributed to the prosperity of the nation. In fact, it is
widely thought that Raubahn chose this name for his new Grand
Company precisely because it would stoke the flames of Ul'dahn
patriotism, and therefore aid in making the organization a reality.
CHARACTERISTICS Presently, the Immortal Flames are known as the
central force within the Eorzean Alliance, but are fewer than the
Maelstrom or Order of the Twin Adder. Indeed, the main force is
composed of three Main Brigades of only two hundred and thirty-six
men apiece—though this does not take into account the Bloodsworn,
who directly serve Flame General Raubahn, leader of the Immortal F
lames. Yet they are no lesser for their number; the Main Brigades
lead the sellsword bands of Brass Blades and Stone Torches in
training, and q r1 their efforts have produced an armed forced that
is second to none. The Foreign Brigades, another feature of the
Immortal Flames, are units created at Raubahn’s behest. As a means
of strengthening UPdah’s forces, his choice to hire soldiers from
amongst the Ala Mhigan refugees has proven to be of much merit.
The move, however, has also made wary the Monetarists—ruling
faction within the Syndicate—who worry about granting more
authority to the sultana and her advisors. At its outset, the unit was
led by a famed UPdshn adventurer known as Jakys Ryder, appointed
by the Flame General himself. Recruiting officers from his network of
acquaintances, Jakys made use of the Foundanon Day celebration to
fill the ranks. On this occasion, many came seeking a portion of
UPdah’s legendary wealth, only to find that the Free Brigade offered
but modest pay. By rumor, this was done with a purpose:
 RAUBAHN ALDYNN « I dare not abandon Uldab to the
Monetarists and their cromies.” —X— ua — The twenty-five year old
Vice Marshal of the Immortal Flames, Pipin Tarupin was born to a
drunkard of a father who traded him to some man of the Coliseum
for a refill of his tankard. There, the boy met the Bull of Ala Mhigo,
who granted him his freedom. Yet the Dunesfolk youth realized he
would likely be sold again should he return home, and begged
Raubahn to train him as a gladiator. Touched by the boy’s desire to
seize his own future, the Ala Mhigan found a lawful means to adopt
Pipin as his own. Growing under Raubahn’s care, Pipin went on to
find great success as a mercenary, and was involved with the
establishment of the Immortal Flames. Eventually, he came to serve
in the Bloodsworn directly beneath his adopted father. Though
deadly serious in the line of duty, Pipin does enjoy a healthy nip of
good UPdahn spirits each evening—the stronger, the better. “The line
between victory and defeat is drawn by the swift and trod by the
dead.” Born in a destitute hamlet deep within Gyr Abania, Raubahn
Aldynn joined the armed forces of his native Ala Mhigo, and did
much to defend his nation’s borders from Garlean attack. When the
Highlander was twenty-five, however, his nation fell. Raubahn
escaped with little more than his life, and spent two years as a
vagabond before coming to UPdah. There, he was mistaken for an
imperial spy, and immediately imprisoned, For many years thereafter,
Raubahn fought as a gladiator upon the bloodsands of the Coliseum.
Wielding the ancient bladedancing techniques of Gyr Abama, he won
his freedom, the people’s love, and a popular title—the “Bull of Ala
Mhigo.” By the time of his thirty-seventh nameday, he had won one
thousand matches. With his winnings, he purchased the Coliseum
itself, and by doing so earned himself a place amongst the
Syndicate. Now forty-four years of age, some wonder if his hardest
battles lie ahead of him as the only member loyal to the sultanate.
Tizona
 232 THE Ur DYNASTY The Ul line is descended from
Sasagan Ul Sisigan, the first of his name and founder of UPdah.
Since their right to rule was restored by the Thorne family, the
second Ul Dynasty has reigned uninterrupted. At present, Sultana
Nanamo Ul Namo—the only daughter of Sasabal Ul Sisibal and
Nanasha Ul Nasha—wears the crown. The seventeenth m her line,
she ascended the throne following the unfortunate death of her
parents. However, the sultana wields precious little power next to
the might of the Syndicate. NANAMO UL NAMO “The true wealth of
Uldab lies in the health, happiness, and bopes of ber citizens” -ma +
=m — — — "rE —— — A Dunesfolk maid of royal blood, Nanamo Ul
Namo came to power at the tender age of five when her father
passed. Naturally, none so young could fathom the intricacies of
government, and the sultana was relegated to the role of royal
puppet. Despite having ruled for more than a decade and a half, to
this day, many dare to accuse her of being little more than a
mammet mouthing the Syndicate’s words. She ts not, however,
without her allies. At the age of nine, she surprised the city-state by
pardoning Raubahn Aldynn on a whim, As his Coliseum winnings
were conferred upon him, the Bull of Ala Mhigo swore an undying
oath to serve as the sultana’s sword. When he jomed the Syndicate,
Kaubahn made good on this promise, and remains entirely loyal to
Nanamo, Though she is the picture of propriery when sitting the
throne, Nanamo is still a maiden of twenty-one years, and has a
more playful side. She is known to leave the palace incognito, and
take tea and crumpets at the Quicksand. THE SYNDICATE The
Synditate has half a dozen chairs, each occupied by one who has
added most to the coffers of Ul'dah. Though they initially served in
an advisory role, at present they are the nation’s ruling body. The
Monetarists, the reigning faction, work to establish self-governance—
though Raubahn acts as a foil to their attempts. Nonetheless, the
sultana’s opinion carries Given the range of power afforded the
Syndicate, struggles over membership have always been fierce. One
recent example is Eolande Quiveron, who is widely thought to have
perished in the Seventh Umbral Calamity. The seat thus vacated by
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