Scribd
Upload
13 views

PK-WT-Unit - 03 - CSS

Uploaded by

アビシェーク
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views

PK-WT-Unit - 03 - CSS

Uploaded by

アビシェーク
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

21CSCU0614

Web Technologies

UNIT III – Introduction to CSS


Dr.P.Kalavathi
Professor
DCSA, GRI
CSS
What is CSS?
• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
• Styles define how to display HTML elements
• External Style Sheets can save a lot of work
• External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files
• CSS defines HOW HTML elements are to be displayed.
• Styles are normally saved in external .css files. External
style sheets enable you to change the appearance and
layout of all the pages in a Web site, just by editing
one single file!
Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 2
The selector is normally the HTML element you want to style.
Each declaration consists of a property and a value.
The property is the style attribute you want to change. Each
property has a value.

Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 3


CSS Example
• CSS declarations always ends with a
semicolon, and declaration groups are
surrounded by curly brackets:
• p {color:red;text-align:center;}
• To make the CSS more readable, you can put
one declaration on each line, like this:

Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 4


CSS Comments
• Comments are used to explain your code, and may
help you when you edit the source code at a later
date. Comments are ignored by browsers.
• A CSS comment begins with "/*", and ends with "*/",
like this:
/*This is a comment*/
p
{
text-align:center;
/*This is another comment*/
color:black;
font-family:arial;
}
Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 5
• The id and class Selectors
– In addition to setting a style for a HTML element,
CSS allows you to specify your own selectors
called "id" and "class".
• The id Selector
– The id selector is used to specify a style for a
single, unique element.
– The id selector uses the id attribute of the HTML
element, and is defined with a "#".
– The style rule below will be applied to the element
with id="para1":

Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 6


Hello World!
This paragraph is not affected
Dr.P.Kalavathi, by the
Professor, DCSA, style.
GRI 7
• The class Selector
– The class selector is used to specify a style for a
group of elements. Unlike the id selector, the class
selector is most often used on several elements.
– This allows you to set a particular style for any
HTML elements with the same class.
– The class selector uses the HTML class attribute,
and is defined with a "."

Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 8


In the example below, all HTML elements with class="center" will be center-aligned:

Example
.center {text-align:center;}

<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
.center
{
text-align:center;
}
</style>
</head>

<body>
<h1 class="center">Center-aligned heading</h1>
<p class="center">Center-aligned paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 9
• Three Ways to Insert CSS
– External style sheet
– Internal style sheet
– Inline style
– Multiple Style Sheets
• External Style Sheet
An external style sheet is ideal when the style is
applied to many pages. With an external style
sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web
site by changing one file. Each page must link to
the style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link>
tag goes inside the head section:
Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 10
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="mystyle.css" />
</head>

• An external style sheet can be written in any text


editor. The file should not contain any html tags. Your
style sheet should be saved with a .css extension. An
example of a style sheet file is shown below:

hr {color:sienna;}
p {margin-left:20px;}
body {background-image:url("images/back40.gif");}
Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 11
Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 12
• Internal Style Sheet
An internal style sheet should be used when a single
document has a unique style. You define internal
styles in the head section of an HTML page, by using
the <style> tag, like this:

<head>
<style type="text/css">
hr {color:sienna;}
p {margin-left:20px;}
body {background-image:url("images/back40.gif");}
</style>
</head>
Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 13
Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 14
• Inline Styles
– An inline style loses many of the advantages of
style sheets by mixing content with presentation.
Use this method sparingly!
– To use inline styles you use the style attribute in
the relevant tag. The style attribute can contain
any CSS property. The example shows how to
change the color and the left margin of a
paragraph:

<p style="color:sienna;margin-left:20px">This is a
paragraph.</p>
Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 15
Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 16
• Multiple Style Sheets
– If some properties have been set for the same
selector in different style sheets, the values will be
inherited from the more specific style sheet.
– For example, an external style sheet has these
properties for the h3 selector:

h3
{
color:red;
text-align:left;
font-size:8pt;
} Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 17
• And an internal style sheet has these properties for the h3
selector:
h3
{
text-align:right;
font-size:20pt;
}
• If the page with the internal style sheet also links to the external
style sheet the properties for h3 will be:
color:red;
text-align:right;
font-size:20pt;
• The color is inherited from the external style sheet and the text-
alignment and the font-size is replaced by the internal style
sheet.
• Multiple Styles Will Cascade into One
Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 18
Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 19
Styles can be specified:
• inside an HTML element
• inside the head section of an HTML page
• in an external CSS file
• Tip: Even multiple external style sheets can be referenced
inside a single HTML document.
Cascading order
• Sometimes, more than one style sheet may be specified for an
HTML element
• Then all the styles will "cascade" into a new "virtual" style
sheet by the following rules, where number four has the
highest priority:
• Browser default ( Lowest Priority)
• External style sheet
• Internal style sheet (in the head section)
• Inline style (inside an HTML element) ( Highest Priority)
Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 20
Text Decoration
• The text-decoration property is used to set or remove
decorations from text.
• The text-decoration property is mostly used to remove
underlines from links for design purposes:

Example
a {text-decoration:none;}

• It can also be used to decorate text:


Example
h1 {text-decoration:overline;}
h2 {text-decoration:line-through;}
h3 {text-decoration:underline;}
h4 {text-decoration:blink;}
Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 21
Text Transformation
• The text-transform property is used to specify
uppercase and lowercase letters in a text.
• It can be used to turn everything into uppercase or
lowercase letters, or capitalize the first letter of each
word.

• Example
p.uppercase {text-transform:uppercase;}
p.lowercase {text-transform:lowercase;}
p.capitalize {text-transform:capitalize;}

Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 22


Text Indentation
• The text-indentation property is used to
specify the indentation of the first line of a
text.

Example
p {text-indent:50px;}

Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 23


List 2: CSS – Lab Programs

26. Implement inline style sheet


27. Implement internal style sheet
28. Implement external style sheet
29. Implement multiple style sheet
30. Display multiple background
31. Display effects (Box shadow. Border Radius etc.,)
32. Display text effects (text-shadow(), scale(), rotate(), skew(), transition etc…)
33. Display the text in multiple columns with necessary formatting
34. Use CSS in HTML table to color, strips, dividers, padding etc
35. Implement different types of selectors in CSS (Element Selector, ID Selector, Class
Selector, Universal Selector, Group Selector)

Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 24


• 36. Implement different Box sizing properties (Content-box, Padding-box, and
Border-box)
• 37. Implement div tag of CSS
• 38. Implement opacity in CSS
• 39. Implement CSS positioning properties (Absolute, Relative, Fixed, Static, Sticky)
• 40. Create your own web page using all styles

Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 25


End of CSS

Dr.P.Kalavathi, Professor, DCSA, GRI 26

You might also like