WHAT IS

SOLDERING
?
 HOW IT
COULD BE
DONE?
 WHY IT IS
IMPORTANT TO
OUR EVERYDAY
LIFE?
WHAT DID YOU
SAY ABOUT THE
VIDEO?
TESTING
ELECTRONICS
COMPONENTS
[PART 1]
Competencies
LO 1. Determine criteria for testing electronic components [TLE_IACSS9-
12TEC-Iva-c-24],
LO 2. Plan an approach for components testing [TLE_IACSS9-12TEC-IVc-e-
25]
LET US DEFINE
FIRST THE
FOLLOWING
TERMS
MULTI-TESTER
A measuring instrument with
multiple functions; an ohmmeter,
voltmeter, and ammete a
measuring instrument with
multiple functions; an ohmmeter,
voltmeter, and ammete
TROUBLESHOOTING
The process of locating and
diagnosing malfunctions or
breakdown in equipment by
means of systematic
checking or analysis.
FAULT
A problem or bad part that
prevents something (e.g.
circuit) from functioning well
as it is expected.
OPEN
A defect that occur in a
component where there is
no continuous flow of
electric current
SHORTED
A defect developed in
component where there is
an excessive flow of electric
current
ANALOG
Relating to a device or
process in which data is
represented by physical
quantities that change
continuously
DIGITAL
Digital relating to
information that is stored in
the form of the number 0
and 1 or called binary
numbers
COMMON
COMPONENTS AND
THEIR SCHEMATIC
SYMBOLS
 Resistor
Fixed resistors
(a) carbon
composition
resistor (b) wire
wound resistor
Non Polarized
Capacitor
Common types
are Mylar and
Ceramic
 Electrolytic
Capacitor
It is polarized
type of
capacitor
 Rectifier
Diode
Used
primarily in
converting
AC to DC
 Light
Emitting
Diode
Emits light
when current
flow through
it
 Transformer
Usually these is
a step down
Power
transformer
 Inductor
A coil of wire
 NPN
Transistor
The three leads
are: base,
emitter and
collector
 PNP
Transistor
The three leads
are: base,
emitter and
collector
 Integrated
Circuit (IC)
Composed of
resistors, diodes
and transistors
in a package
Speaker
An audio
output
device
Relay Switch
Electrically
controlled
switch
Direction: Draw the
Symbol of the
following Electronic
Component.
ASSIGNMENT:
Direction: In short
bond paper Draw
the different
Electronic
Component
Name ME!

Capacitor
 Name ME!

Transformer
Name ME!

Speaker
Name ME!

Inductor
OBSERVED THE
FOLLOWING
PICTURES.
WHAT DID YOU SAY
ABOUT THE PICTURES?

HOW IT IS IMPORTANT IN
OUR EVERYDAY LIFE?
 PROCEDURE FOR
FIXING A FAILURE
CAN BE BROKEN
DOWN INTO THREE
BASIC STEPS.
Step 1: DIAGNOSE
The first step is to determine
whether a problem really exists. To
carry out this step, a technician
must collect as much information
about the system, the circuit, and
the components used, and then
diagnose the problem.
Step 2: ISOLATE
The second step is to apply a
logical and sequential reasoning
process to isolate the problem. In
this step, a technician will operate,
observe, test, and apply
troubleshooting techniques in order
to isolate the malfunction.
Step 3: REPAIR
The third and final step
is to make the actual
repair and final test the
circuit.
BASIC MEASURING
AND TEST
EQUIPMENT
The Analog Multi-tester
The analog Multi-tester, also
known as a VOM (volt-ohm-
milliammeter), is an
electronic measuring
instrument that combines
several measurement
functions in one unit. A
typical multimeter can
measure voltage, current,
and resistance.
The Digital Multimeter
A digital multimeter is a test
tool used to measure two or
more electrical values—
principally voltage (volts),
current (amps) and
resistance (ohms). It is a
standard diagnostic tool for
technicians in the
electrical/electronic
industries.
 Oscilloscope
Oscilloscopes, or scopes
are an important tool of an
electronics engineer or
tester. An oscilloscope is
an item of electronics test
equipment that enables
waveforms to be seen and
in this way makes it very
much easier to see any
problems occurring in an
electronics circuit.
 Direction: Identify what is
being
1. What do you called the ask.
second step in applying
logical and sequential reasoning process to isolate
the problem.
2. It is an electronic measuring instrument that
combines several measurement functions in one
unit.
3. It is an item of electronics test equipment that
enables waveforms to be seen and in this way
makes it very much easier to see any problems
occurring in an electronics circuit.
4. The third and final step is to
make the actual repair and final
test the circuit.
5. It is a test tool used to
measure two or more electrical
values—principally voltage
(volts), current (amps) and
resistance (ohms).
ANSWER:
1. ISOLATE
2. ANALOG MULTI-
TESTER
3. OSCILLOSCOPE
4. REPAIR
5. DIGITAL MULTIMETER
Assignment:
Research about the
electronics component
substitution.
Revie
w
WHAT IS
THE
USES OF
ANALOG
MULTI-
TESTER?
WHAT IS
THE
USES OF
OSCILLO
SCOPE?
WHAT IS
THE USES
OF
DIGITAL
MULTIMET
ER?
Component Substitution
A. TRANSFORMER
Replacement should
have the same turns
ratio, voltage/current
ratio and rating as the
original component. The
power rating (VA) and
frequency range are also
important
B. TRANSISTOR
 Transistor substitution is
fairly common, particularly
with lower cost equipment.
In some cases you may
have a choice between a
numbers of different
transistors. At other times
the replacement must be
exact.
C. RESISTORS
Be sure that the
replacement component
has the same power
rating and resistance
value. Its tolerance
must be at least as
good, and can be better.
D. CAPACITORS
Ensure that the
replacement component
has the same capacitance
value as that of the
original, and that its
tolerance is the same or
better. The working voltage
rating must also be the
same or better (greater).
E. OTHER COMPONENTS
The same considerations apply to
other types of components (diodes,
fuses, speakers, etc.). In every case, it
is necessary to proceed with caution,
and to be sure that the replacement is
correctly rated.
WHAT ARE THE FACTORS TO CONSIDER
IN SUBSTITUTING THE FOLLOWING
COMPONENTS?
1. RESISTOR
2. CAPACITOR
3. DIODE
4. TRANSFORMER
5. TRANSISTOR
ASSIGNMENT
 Find any defective electrical or electronic
appliance in your home (e.g. computer, radio,
TV, cassette, karaoke, rice cooker, etc.). Identify
what appliance you have. Open it and try to
inspect the internal parts of this. Enumerate
and describe the components you found inside.
Explain how this appliance function before it
was damage. In your own opinion what was the
cause of the damage of this appliance?