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Enhanced_L03-HTML_CSS

The document provides an overview of HTML and CSS, detailing the structure and history of HTML, including its evolution from HTML 1.0 to HTML5. It explains basic HTML tags, formatting, lists, tables, and forms, as well as the role of CSS in styling web pages. CSS is introduced as a method to simplify and maintain consistent styling across web documents.

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samuel asefa
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© © All Rights Reserved
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2 views

Enhanced_L03-HTML_CSS

The document provides an overview of HTML and CSS, detailing the structure and history of HTML, including its evolution from HTML 1.0 to HTML5. It explains basic HTML tags, formatting, lists, tables, and forms, as well as the role of CSS in styling web pages. CSS is introduced as a method to simplify and maintain consistent styling across web documents.

Uploaded by

samuel asefa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 62

Web Development Technologies:

HTML and CSS

1
HTML
⚫ Hypertext Markup Language

⚫ Describes structure of a web page

⚫ Contains elements

⚫ Elements describe how to render content

⚫ Elements are enclosed in Tags

⚫ Tags surround and describe content

⚫ Start tag – Text in angle brackets (i.e. <body>)

⚫ End tag – Text with leading slash in angle brackets (i.e.

3 </body>)
A brief history of
HTML
⚫ In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee wrote a memo
proposing an Internet-based hypertext
system
⚫ Berners-Lee specified HTML and wrote the browser and server
software in late 1990 and released it in 1991 (it had 18
elements/tags)
⚫ HTML 2.0 was published as RFC 1866 in
1995 https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1866
⚫ A Request for Comments (RFC) is a publication from the
Internet Society (ISOC)
⚫ The Internet Society (ISOC) is an American nonprofit
organization founded in 1992 to provide leadership in
Internet- related standards, education, access, and
policy.
(c) Paul Fodor
A brief history of
HTML
⚫
HTML 3.2 was published as a W3C Recommendation in January
1997
⚫ The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the international
standards organization for the World Wide Web, founded in
1994 by Tim Berners-Lee after he left the European
Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN).
⚫ It was founded at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Laboratory
for Computer Science (MIT/LCS) with support from the European
Commission and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
(DARPA)
⚫ HTML 4.0 was published as a W3C Recommendation in
December 1997
⚫ HTML 4.01 was published in 2001
⚫ HTML 5 was published as a W3C Recommendation in 2014

(c) Paul Fodor


A brief history of
HTML
⚫ XHTML is a separate language that began as a
reformulation of HTML 4.01 using XML 1.0.
⚫ XHTML 1.0 was published as a W3C Recommendation on
January 26, 2000
⚫ It is no longer being developed as a separate standard.

(c) Paul Fodor


HTML 5
⚫ HTML5 was first released in on 22 January 2008,
with a major update and "W3C
Recommendation" status in October 2014
⚫ The current specification is known as the HTML Living
Standard and is maintained by a consortium of the
major browser vendors (Apple, Google, Mozilla,
and Microsoft), the Web Hypertext Application
Technology Working Group (WHATWG)
⚫ On 28 May 2019, the W3C announced that WHATWG would
be the sole publisher of the HTML and DOM standards

(c) Paul Fodor


HTML – Simple HTML web page
<!DOCTYPE HTML> Tags
<html>
<head>
<title>My Page
Title!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Introduction</h1>
<p>This is a simple HTML web page. The content here is
part of a ‘paragraph’. Web browser will lay out this text and
introduce line breaks so the text fits nicely in the browser
window.</p>

</body>
</html>

7
(c) Paul Fodor
HTML – Basic Tags
⚫ <html></html> - Surround entire document
⚫ <head></head> - Surround header material (titles, css
info, etc.)
⚫ <body></body> - Contains the main content of the
page
⚫ <p></p> - Hold a single paragraph that the
browser will typeset.
⚫ <h1></h1>, <h2></h2>, … - Hold a heading line
that is used to mark sections of a document for the
reader

8
(c) Paul Fodor
HTML – More basic tags
⚫ Links – These mark a hyperlink around link text.When
click by user, browser loads the page in the HREF
attribute.
⚫ Format <A HREF=“url target”>Text for link</A>
⚫ Only ‘Text for link’ will show up on page.
⚫ Target attribute, indicates which window/tab should be
used for the linked page
⚫ target=“_self ” – Default. Place the content in the current
tab
⚫ target=“_blank” – Place the content in a newly created tab

9
(c) Paul Fodor
HTML – More basic tags
⚫ <IMG> - Will display an image
⚫ Image file must be in a popular graphics format (gif, jpg, png,
etc)
⚫ Format :
<IMG src=“url for image file” width=#, height=#, alt=“Text to
display”>

1
0
(c) Paul Fodor
HTML – More on Links
⚫ href attribute
⚫ This can be any URI or local file
⚫ URI should include protocol, server, and path
⚫ Local file can be specified with an absolute or relative
path
⚫ Content can be text OR an image. Ex:
<A HREF=http://target.com/path/file.html>
<IMG src=“small_pic.jpg”>
</A>
⚫ title attribute
⚫ Used to provide descriptive text.
⚫ Text is displayed when cursor is hovered over link
1
1
(c) Paul Fodor
HTML – More on Links
⚫ Links can target ‘bookmarks’ created with the id attribute
on a tag
⚫ Will scroll to the section marked with the named id
some_web_page.html:

…
<h2 id=“MoreStyles”>
…

Inner link:
<A HREF=“#MoreStyles”>Go to MoreStyles section”</A>

From another_web_page.html:

…
<A HREF=http://someserver.com/some_web_page.html#MoreStyles>See info on Styles</A>

1
2
(c) Paul Fodor
HTML - Lists
⚫ Supports:
⚫ <UL></UL> - Unordered List
⚫ <OL></OL> - Ordered List
⚫ <LI></LI> - Encloses a single list
item

1
3
(c) Paul Fodor
HTML – Example: Lists
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h2>Unordered
List</h2>

<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>

<h2>Ordered List</h2>

<ol>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>

1
4
</
</body>
html>
(c) Paul Fodor
HTML – Adding styles to lists
⚫ UL takes a style attribute to customize
the list
⚫ list-style-type
⚫ circle
⚫ square
⚫ disc
⚫ none

1
5
(c) Paul Fodor
HTML – Example: Styled lists

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>Unordered List with Disc Bullets</h2>
<ul style="list-style-type:disc;">
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h2>Unordered List with Square Bullets</h2>
<ul style="list-style-type:square;">
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>

1
6
(c) Paul Fodor
HTML – Formatting Tags
⚫ <b></b> - Bold text
⚫ <strong></strong> - Important text (similar to bold)
⚫ <i><i> - Italic text
⚫ <em></em> - Emphasized text (similar to Italic)
⚫ <mark></mark> - Marked text
⚫ <small><small> - Small text
⚫ <del></del> - Deleted text (stroked text)
⚫ <ins></ins> - Inserted text
1
7⚫
<sub></sub> - Subscript text
HTML – Example: Formatting Tags

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<p>This text is normal.</p>


<p><b>This text is bold.</b></p>
<p><i>This text is italic.</i></p>
<p><em>This text is emphasized.</em></p>
<p><strong>This text is strong.</strong></p>
<p><mark>This text is marked.</mark></p>
<p><small>This text is small.</small></p>
<p><del>This text is deleted.</del></p>
<p><ins>This text is inserted.</ins></p>
<p>This text is <sup>superscripted.</sup></p>
<p>This text is <sub>subscripted.</sub></p>

1
8 </body>
</html>
HTML - Comments
⚫ Comments are contained in ‘<!-- --
>
⚫ Example:

<!– This is a comment and does not


affect rendering of the page at all -->

1
9
HTML - Styles

⚫ Style information can be included in tags with the ‘style=‘


attribute
⚫ Format : <tag style=“attr1:value1; attr2:value2”> text text text
</tag>
⚫ attr1 and attr2 are style property names
⚫ value1 and value2 are values to attach to the properties
⚫ Most common style attributes:
⚫ background-color for background color
⚫ color for text colors
⚫ font-family for text fonts
⚫ font-size for text sizes
⚫ text-align for text alignment
<p style=“background-color:red; color=black”>Paragraph text.
2
0 </p>
(c) Paul Fodor
HTML – Tables
⚫ HTML Supports creating tables
⚫ Tags:
⚫ <table></table> - Encloses the entire contents of
the table
⚫ <tr></tr> - These bracket a ‘row’ of data cells
⚫ <th></th> - These tags support a row used
specifically for column headings
⚫ <td></td> - These tags go around data for a specific
cell
⚫ <caption> - This defines a table caption

2
1
(c) Paul Fodor
HTML – Example: Tables
<html> <tr>
<body <td>John</
> td>
<h2>Basic HTML <td>Doe</td>
Table</h2> <td>80</td>
<table </tr>
style="width:100%"> </table>
<tr> </
<th>Firstname</th> body>
<th>Lastname</th> </html>
<th>Age</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jill</td>
<td>Smith</
td>
<td>50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Eve</td>
<td>Jackson</
td>
2
3 <td>94</td>
HTML – Forms
⚫ Forms can be used to collect data and respond to queries
⚫ Tags:
⚫ <form></form> - This encases the entire form
⚫ Forms contain a number of input elements as well as text fields
⚫ There is at least one input to indicate when to submit a form to
the back end.
⚫ Form tag attributes
⚫ action= - This indicates the script on the server to run when the
submit action is selected
⚫ method= - This indicates what ‘HTTP method’ to use (i.e.
“GET”, “PUT”, “POST”, etc)
⚫ Input Tags within a form:
⚫ <input></input> This encloses input fields of various types
based on attributes in the tag
2
3
HTML – Example: Forms
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h2>HTML Forms</h2>

<form
action="/action_page.php">
First name:<br>
<input type="text"
name="firstname"
value="Mickey">
<br>
Last name:<br>
<input type="text"
name="lastname"
value="Mouse">
<input type="text" name="age"
value="0"><br>
<input type="radio"
name="gender"> Female<br>
<input type="radio"
name="gender"> Male<br>
<input type="radio"
2
4
name="gender">
Unspecified<br>
<br><br>
HTML – Miscellaneous Tags
⚫ <pre></pre> - Pre-formatted text Browser
will render content as it is written in the
html file.
⚫ <br> - Add a line break here.There is no
</br>
⚫ <hr> - Add a ‘horizontal rule’ (horizontal
line).
There is no </hr>

2
5
CSS
⚫ CSS = Cascading Style Sheets
⚫ Greatly simplifies styling HTML

⚫ Easy to keep consistent styling

⚫ Instructions are written as a rule-set

2
7
A brief history of CSS
⚫ CSS was first proposed by Håkon Wium Lie on October
10, 1994, and W3C CSS Recommendation (CSS1) was
released in 1996.
⚫ CSS level 2 specification was developed by the
W3C and published as a recommendation in
May 1998.
⚫ CSS2.1 as finally published as a W3C Recommendation
on 7 June 2011.
CSS rule-sets
⚫ CSS rule-sets have the following format:

⚫ Selectors indicate the tag or other element


⚫ Property/value pairs give the attribute to define and the value
of the attribute
⚫ Property/value pairs are separated with a semicolon ;
2
8
CSS - Selectors
⚫ Selectors can be
⚫ A tag name (i.e. <p>) – This will apply to all tags of that

type in the document


⚫ An id (<h2 id=“foo”>) – The style will apply to ANY tag

with the named id.


⚫ A class (<p class=“LargeRed”>) The style will
2
9
apply to ANY element with the named class)
CSS – Examples: Selectors
p{ Applies to all
text-align: center; color: paragraphs in the
blue; document
}
Applies to any
#C4 {
text-align: left; color: red; tag marked with
} id=“C4”

.center { Applies to any


text-align: center; color: tag marked with
green; class=“center”
}
3
0
CSS – Selector Grouping
⚫ Selectors for elements with the same style can be grouped and
use a common style description

h1, h2, p {
text-align: center;
color: red;
}

3
1
CSS – Placement of CSS Information

⚫ CSS style information can be put in one of


three places:
⚫ External sheet
⚫ Can be used for an entire website
⚫ Each .html file must reference same sheet
⚫ Internal sheet
⚫ Can be used to consistently style 1 html page

3
⚫ Inline styles
2
CSS – External Style Sheets

my_site_style.css: a_web_page.html:

body {
background-color:
<html>
}
lightblue;
<head>
h1 {
color: navy;
<link rel="stylesheet"
margin-left:
20px;
type="text/css"
}
href="my_site_style.css">
</head>
<body>
Separate References the
file holding file with style
… information
style
</body>
information
3 </html>
3
(c) Paul Fodor
CSS – Internal Style Sheets

<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
backg
round
-
h1color:
{ All style information
linen; maroon;
color: enclosed in <style> tag
} margin-left:
40px; within the <head> of an
} html document
</style>
</head>
<body>
…
</body>
</html>

3
4
CSS – Local Inline styles
⚫ Style info can be placed inside any tag (as has been seen
earlier)
⚫ Ex: <h1 style=“color:red; text-size:14px;”>

3
5
CSS – Cascading Order
⚫ With a mix of internal, external, and inline style
information, the styles will be applied by
building a ‘virtual’ style sheet considering each
style specification in the following priority
order:
⚫ Inline style (inside an HTML element)
⚫ External and internal style sheets (in the head
section using order of links/style sections in
the head)
⚫ More specific selectors are selected
3 ⚫ For example, if we have a style for <p> and a style
6
(c) Paul Fodor
CSS – Style Attributes
⚫ Colors
⚫ Backgrounds

⚫ Borders

⚫ Margins

⚫ Padding

⚫ Height/

Width
3
7
CSS - Colors
⚫ Colors can be specified as:
⚫A color name like ‘red’, ‘lightblue’,
etc
⚫ HTML supports 140 standard color names
⚫A hex value : #ff0000, #000066,
etc.
⚫ Rgb values
⚫ 2 hex ‘nibbles’ per color giving ranges
of 0-255 for each
⚫ An RGB value like: rgb(255,0,0)
⚫ Same as hex values but with decimal
numbers
3
8 ⚫ Example:
(c) Paul Fodor
CSS – Backgrounds
⚫ Elements
can have different
backgrounds
⚫Colors
⚫Images

3
9
(c) Paul Fodor
CSS – Background Color
⚫ Attribute: background-color
⚫ Value: description of colors
⚫ h1 {background-color: green;}
⚫ div {background-color: #777700;}
⚫ div is just used to divide the page into subsections - no other
structural effect on the page

4
0
CSS – Background Images
⚫ Attribute: background-image
⚫ Value is usually a URL of a graphic file
⚫ Example:
⚫ body {background-image: URL(“mountain.jpg”)}
⚫ Images can be positioned within an element
⚫ Attribute: background-position:
⚫ Value: (horizontal and vertical positioning (left, center, right,
bottom, center, top))
⚫ Example:
<!—place image starting in the upper right corner of the page’s body -->
body {background-image: URL(“mountain.jpg”); background-position:
right top}

4
1
(c) Paul Fodor
CSS ⚫
– Background Images
Images can be repeated if two small to cover an
area
⚫ Attribute: background-repeat
⚫ Values:
⚫ repeat-x – repeat horizontally across area
⚫ repeat-y – repeat vertically down area
⚫ no-repeat – do not repeat image
⚫ Images can scroll with page:
⚫ Background-attachment:scroll
⚫ Can specify all attributes using ‘background:’
⚫ Values for background must be in this order:
⚫ background-color
⚫ background-image
⚫ background-repeat
⚫ background-attachment
⚫ background-position

4 body
⚫ {background: URL(“mountain.jpg”) repeat-x scroll right
Example:
2 top}
CSS - Borders

⚫ CSS allows specification of the style, width and color of


element borders
⚫ Attributes:
⚫ border-style : style keyword – includes dotted, dashed, solid,
double, groove, ridge, inset, outset, none, hidden}
⚫ One value – Applies to all 4 sides
⚫ Two values – 1st applies to top and bottom, 2nd applies to left and right
⚫ Three values – 1st applies to top, 2nd applies to left and right, 3rd applies to
bottom
⚫ Four values – Values applied as top, right, bottom, left
⚫ border-width :
⚫ Value can be specified in pt, px, cm, em
⚫ Value can use one of 3 keywords: thin, medium, thick
⚫ border-color
4
3 ⚫ Values: See Colors earlier in this talk
(c) Paul Fodor
CSS - Borders

⚫ Shorthands:
⚫ border-left-style, border-right-style, border-
top-style, border-bottom-style
⚫ Same for border-x-width and border-x-color
⚫ border: handles all 3 attributes in order:
⚫ width
⚫ style (required)
⚫ color
⚫ Example:
⚫ h1 {border: 5px solid orange}

4
4
(c) Paul Fodor
CSS - Borders

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
h2 { border: 10px dashed
green;} p { border: 5px solid
red;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>The border
Property</h2>
<p>This property is a shorthand property for border-width, border-
style, and border-color.</p>
</body>
</html>

4
5
(c) Paul Fodor
CSS - Margins
⚫ Attribute: margin
⚫ Margin gives spacing outside the ‘border’ of an element
⚫ Similar to border, margin has separate attributes for
left, top, bottom, and right sides
⚫ Values:
⚫ auto – browser calculates margin
⚫ A length in px, pt, cm, etc
⚫ % - margin is a percentage of the width of the containing
element
⚫ Inherit – Margin is inherited from parent element
⚫ margin can also have 4, 3, 2, or 1 value(s). Application
pattern similar to border.
4
6
(c) Paul Fodor
CSS – Example: Margin
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
div {
border: 1px solid black;
margin: 25px 50px;
background-color:
lightblue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>The margin shorthand
property - 2 values</h2>
<div>This div element has a
top and bottom margin of
25px, and a right and left
margin of 50px.</div>
<hr>
</body>
</html>
47
(c) Paul Fodor
CSS - Padding
⚫ Padding generates space around an element but
within its border
⚫ Attributes: padding, padding-left, padding-top,
padding- bottom, padding-right
⚫ Values:
⚫ Length – A length value in pt, px, cm, em, etc
⚫ % - A percentage of the width of the element
⚫ inherit – The padding is inherited from
parent element

48
(c) Paul Fodor
CSS – Example: Padding
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
div { border: 1px solid
black; padding: 25px;
background-color:
lightblue; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>The padding
shorthand property - 1
value</h2>
<div>This div element has a
top, bottom, left, and right
padding of 25px.</div>
</body>
</html>
49
(c) Paul Fodor
CSS – Height/Width
⚫ These attributes give the height and width
of an element
⚫ Default value is auto which lets the
browser figure out the best size
⚫ Values can be specified as:
⚫ A length – in pt, px, cm, etc.
⚫ A percentage of the containing block

50
(c) Paul Fodor
CSS – Example: Height/Width
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
div { height:
200px; width:
50%;
background-color:
powderblue; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Set the height
and width of an
element</h2>
<p>This div
element has a
5 height of 200px
(c) Paul Fodor (CS Stony
4 and a width of Brook)
CSS – The Box Model
⚫ CSS Box Model refers to the layout of an
element including margin, borders,
padding, and content
⚫ Content: The content of the element
⚫ Padding: area around the content and
within the border. Padding is transparent
⚫ Border: A border that surrounds the
element and padding
⚫ Margin: Area outside the border.
Margin is transparent.
52
(c) Paul Fodor
CSS – Box Model

53
(c) Paul Fodor
CSS – Example: Box
<!DOCTYPE html>

Model
<html>
<head>
<style>
div { background-color:
lightgrey; width: 300px;
border: 15px solid
green; padding: 50px;
margin: 20px; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Demonstrating the
Box Model</h2>
<p>The CSS box model is essentially a box that wraps around every HTML element. It
consists of: borders, padding, margins, and the actual content.</p>
<div>This text is in a box and has a 50px padding, 20px margin and a 15px green
border. The rest of this doesn't much matter!</div>
</body>
</html>
54
(c) Paul Fodor
CSS – Styles for Links
⚫ Links can be styled using any CSS attributes (color,
background-color, text-decoration, font-family, font-size,
background, etc)
⚫ Links can have different styling based on their ‘state’. 4 states are:
⚫ :link – An unvisited link
⚫ :visited – A link that has been visited
⚫ :hover – A link when the cursor os hovering over it
⚫ :active – A link when the left mouse button is depressed over it
⚫ Ordering is important! If all 4 states have styles
⚫ hover must be after link and visited
⚫ active must follow hover

55
(c) Paul Fodor
CSS – Example: Link Styles
When left button depressed on
<!DOCTYPE link
html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
a:link { text-decoration: none; }
a:visited { text-decoration: none; color: green; }
a:hover { text-decoration: underline; color: red; }
a:active { text-decoration: underline; color:
hotpink; }
</style>
After visiting
</head> link
</
<body>
body>
</html>
<p><b><a href="default.asp" target="_blank">This is a
link</a></b></p>
<p>Misc other text</p>
56
(c) Paul Fodor
CSS – Styles for Lists

⚫ Unordered list: list-style-type


⚫ Circle
⚫ Square
⚫ Disc
⚫ Ordered list: list-style-type
⚫ Upper-roman
⚫ Lower-roman
⚫ Upper-alpha
⚫ Lower-alpha
⚫ Other: https://www.w3schools.com/cssref/pr_list-style-
type.asp
57
(c) Paul Fodor
CSS – Styles for Lists

⚫ Attribute: list-style-position (shorthand attribute: list-


style)
⚫ Inside – bullet or marker is pulled in with
text (so inside border)
⚫ Outside – bullet or marker is left outside
element’s
border (out-hanging)

58
CSS – Example: Styles for Lists
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
li {border: solid;}
ul.a { list-style-position: outside; background:
#ff9999; } ul.b { list-style-position: inside;
background: #9999ff; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>The list-style-position Property</h1>
<h2>list-style-position: outside (default):</h2>
<ul class="a">
<li>Coffee - A brewed drink</li>
<li>Tea - An aromatic beverage </li>
<li>Coca Cola - A carbonated soft drink</li>
</ul>
<h2>list-style-position: inside:</h2>
<ul class="b">
<li>Coffee - A brewed drink</li>
<li>Tea - An aromatic beverage </li>
<li>Coca Cola - A carbonated soft drink</li>
</ul>
59 </body>
</html>
(c) Paul Fodor
CSS – Styles for Tables
⚫ Various table elements can take on properties like border,
padding, text-align, width, height and others
⚫ border
⚫ width
⚫ text-align
⚫ border-collapse

60
(c) Paul Fodor
CSS – Example: Table Styling <tr>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html> <td>Peter</td>
<head> <td>Griffin</td>
<style> <td>$100</td>
table, td, th </tr>
{ <tr>
border: <td>Lois</td>
1px solid <td>Griffin</td>
black; <td>$150</td>
} </tr>
table { <tr>
border-collapse: <td>Joe</td>
collapse; width: 100%; <td>Swanson</td>
} <td>$300</td>
th { </tr>
text-align: center; <tr>
} <td>Cleveland</td>
</style> <td>Brown</td>
</head> <td>$250</td>
<body> </tr>
<h2>The text-align </table>
Property</h2> </body>
<p>This property sets
<th>Firstname</ </html>
the
th>horizontal alignment
(like left,
<th>Lastname</
right,
th> or center) of the
content in th or td:</p>
<th>Savings</th>
6 <table>
</tr> (c) Paul Fodor (CS Stony
4 <tr> Brook)
Summary
⚫ HTML – Hyper Text Markup Language
⚫ Used to describe most web page content

⚫ Static – no ‘execution’ semantics

⚫ C// – Cascading Style Sheets


⚫ Help customize look and feel of web pages

⚫ Numerous ways to address elements and

groups of elements
⚫ Varied properties to produce rich styling

⚫ Next
Lecture:
6
5 ⚫ JavaScript (c) Paul Fodor (CS Stony
Brook)

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